RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED COSTS

We may periodically engage in various restructuring activities intended to drive long-term profitable growth and increase operational efficiency, which can include streamlining and realigning our overall organizational structure and reallocating resources. These activities may result in restructuring costs related to employee severance, other project fees, lease exit costs, and asset impairment charges. Recently, our significant restructuring activities have primarily related to integrating our acquisition of GCA Services Group (“GCA”) and our 2020 Vision initiative, as described below.

GCA and Other Restructuring

During the first quarter of 2018, we initiated a restructuring program to achieve cost synergies following the acquisition of GCA. We incurred the majority of our severance expense associated with this restructuring program in the first half of 2018. We expect to incur additional charges, primarily related to other project fees, as we continue to further integrate and consolidate our operational and financial processes to support the growth and capabilities of our shared services and operations. Additionally, we continue standardizing our financial systems and streamlining our operations by migrating and upgrading several key management platforms, including our human resources information systems, enterprise resource planning system, and labor management system. We also continue consolidating our real estate leases.

2020 Vision Restructuring

During the fourth quarter of 2015, our Board of Directors approved a comprehensive strategy intended to have a positive transformative effect on ABM (the “2020 Vision”). As part of the 2020 Vision, we identified key priorities to differentiate ABM in the marketplace, accelerate revenue growth for certain industry groups, and improve our margin profile. We do not expect to incur significant 2020 Vision restructuring and related expenses in the future.

Rollforward of Restructuring and Related Liabilities



(in millions)	Balance, October 31, 2018		Costs Recognized⁽¹⁾		Payments			Balance, April 30, 2019
Employee severance	$	3.8	$	3.1	$	(3.2	)	$	3.7
Lease exit costs and asset impairment	3.1		0.7		(0.6		)	3.2
Other project fees	1.8		2.7		(3.1		)	1.5
Total	$	8.6	$	6.5	$	(6.8	)	$	8.3

⁽¹⁾We include these costs within corporate expenses.

Cumulative Restructuring and Related Charges



(in millions)	External Support Fees		Employee Severance		Other Project Fees		Lease Exit Costs		Asset Impairment		Total
GCA and Other	$	2.0	$	16.6	$	10.6	$	0.7	$	—	$	29.9
2020 Vision	30.0		13.0		10.7		7.7		5.2		66.5
Total	$	32.0	$	29.5	$	21.3	$	8.4	$	5.2	$	96.4