EX-24

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY
                                -----------------


     KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP,  INC. (the
"Company")  does hereby make,  constitute and appoint each of Roger S. Begelman,
Edward T. Joel, Saskia  Brookfield  Martin and Susan P. Goddard,  (and any other
employee of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or one of its affiliates designated in
writing  by one of the  attorneys-in-fact),  acting  individually,  its true and
lawful  attorney,  to execute and deliver in its name and on its behalf  whether
the Company is acting  individually or as representative of others,  any and all
filings required to be made by the Company under the Securities  Exchange Act of
1934, (as amended, the "Act"), with respect to securities which may be deemed to
be  beneficially  owned by the Company  under the Act,  giving and granting unto
each said  attorney-in-fact  power and authority to act in the premises as fully
and to all intents and purposes as the Company  might or could do if  personally
present by one of its authorized  signatories,  hereby  ratifying and confirming
all that said  attorney-in-fact  shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.

     THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY  shall  remain in full force and effect until either
revoked  in  writing  by the  undersigned  or until  such time as the  person or
persons to whom power of  attorney  has been  hereby  granted  cease(s) to be an
employee of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or one of its affiliates.

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has duly subscribed these presents as
of January 6, 2003.


THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.


By:     s/ Gregory K. Palm
        ---------------------------------------------
Name:   GREGORY K. PALM
Title:  Executive Vice President and General Counsel

EX-24

                                POWER OR ATTORNEY
                                -----------------



     KNOW  ALL  PERSONS  BY  THESE  PRESENTS  that  GOLDMAN,  SACHS  & CO.  (the
"Company")  does hereby make,  constitute and appoint each of Roger S. Begelman,
Edward T. Joel, Saskia  Brookfield  Martin and Susan P. Goddard,  (and any other
employee of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or one of its affiliates designated in
writing  by one of the  attorneys-in-fact),  acting  individually,  its true and
lawful  attorney,  to execute and deliver in its name and on its behalf  whether
the Company is acting  individually or as representative of others,  any and all
filings required to be made by the Company under the Securities  Exchange Act of
1934, (as amended, the "Act"), with respect to securities which may be deemed to
be  beneficially  owned by the Company  under the Act,  giving and granting unto
each said  attorney-in-fact  power and authority to act in the premises as fully
and to all intents and purposes as the Company  might or could do if  personally
present by one of its authorized  signatories,  hereby  ratifying and confirming
all that said  attorney-in-fact  shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.

     THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY  shall  remain in full force and effect until either
revoked  in  writing  by the  undersigned  or until  such time as the  person or
persons to whom power of  attorney  has been  hereby  granted  cease(s) to be an
employee of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or one of its affiliates.

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has duly subscribed these presents as
of January 6, 2003.


GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.


By:     s/ Gregory K. Palm
        ------------------------
Name:   GREGORY K. PALM
Title:  Managing Director

EX-24

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY


     KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE  PRESENTS that GOLDMAN SACHS  INTERNATIONAL  (the
"Company") does hereby make, constitute and appoint each of Hans L. Reich, Roger
S.  Begelman  and  Edward T.  Joel,  acting  individually,  its true and  lawful
attorney,  to execute  and  deliver in its name and on its  behalf  whether  the
Company is acting  individually  or as  representative  of  others,  any and all
filings required to be made by the Company under the Securities  Exchange Act of
1934, (as amended, the "Act"), with respect to securities which may be deemed to
be  beneficially  owned by the Company  under the Act,  giving and granting unto
each said  attorney-in-fact  power and authority to act in the premises as fully
and to all intents and purposes as the Company  might or could do if  personally
present by one of its authorized  signatories,  hereby  ratifying and confirming
all that said  attorney-in-fact  shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.

     THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY  shall  remain in full force and effect until either
revoked  in  writing  by the  undersigned  or until  such time as the  person or
persons to whom power of  attorney  has been  hereby  granted  cease(s) to be an
employee of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.or one of its affiliates.

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has duly subscribed these presents as
of 25 September 2002.


GOLDMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL



By:      s/ Richard J. Levy
         --------------------------------------
         Richard J. Levy, Managing Director