30 Other assets and receivables

Note

2018

2017

Real estate held for own use and equipment

30.1

498

530

Receivables

30.2

6,019

8,091

Accrued income

30.3

1,436

1,382

At December 31

7,954

10,002

30.1 Real estate held for own use and equipment


Net book value	General account real estate held for own use			Equipment			Total
At January 1, 2017		332			241			572
At December 31, 2017		307			223			530
At December 31, 2018		263			235			498
Cost
At January 1, 2018		396			488			885
Additions		1			63			64
Acquired through business combinations		-			1			1
Capitalized subsequent expenditure		18			-			18
Disposals		(26	)		(26	)		(52	)
Unrealized gains/(losses) through equity		(32	)		-			(32	)
Transfer to investments in real estate		(1	)		-			(1	)
Realized gains/(losses) through income statement		(4	)		-			(4	)
Net exchange differences		11			12			23
At December 31, 2018		363			538			901
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
At January 1, 2018		90			265			355
Depreciation through income statement		4			54			58
Disposals		(16	)		(22	)		(38	)
Impairment losses		18			-			18
Transfer to investments in real estate		(1	)		-			(1	)
Net exchange differences		4			5			9
At December 31, 2018		100			303			403

Cost
At January 1, 2017		453			593			1,046
Additions		3			68			71
Acquired through business combinations		-			11			11
Capitalized subsequent expenditure		1			-			1
Disposals		(34	)		(144	)		(179	)
Unrealized gains/(losses) through equity		8			-			8
Transfer to investments in real estate		-			-			-
Transfers to disposal groups		-			(5	)		(5	)
Net exchange differences		(34	)		(40	)		(74	)
Other		-			7			7
At December 31, 2017		396			488			885
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
At January 1, 2017		121			352			474
Depreciation through income statement		8			63			71
Disposals		(28	)		(131	)		(159	)
Impairment losses		-			-			-
Impairment losses reversed		(1	)		-			(1	)
Transfers to disposal groups		-			(5	)		(5	)
Net exchange differences		(10	)		(20	)		(30	)
Other		-			6			6
At December 31, 2017		90			265			355

General account real estate held for own use are mainly held by Aegon USA and Aegon the Netherlands, with relatively smaller holdings at Aegon UK, Aegon Hungary and Aegon Spain. The carrying value under a historical cost model amounted to EUR 301 million (2017: EUR 319 million).

57% of the value of the general account real estate held for own use was last revalued in 2018 (2017: 30%), based on market value appraisals by qualified internal and external appraisers. The increase is mainly related to positive revaluations in the Dutch real estate markets. 99% of the appraisals in 2018 were performed by independent external appraisers (2017: 95%).

General account real estate held for own use has not been pledged as security for liabilities, nor are there any restrictions on title. Depreciation expenses are recorded in Commissions and expenses in the income statement. The useful lives of buildings range between 40 and 50 years.

None of the equipment is held for lease (2017: none). Equipment has not been pledged as security for liabilities, nor are there any restrictions on title. Depreciation expenses have been recorded in Commissions and expenses in the income statement. Equipment is generally depreciated over a period of three to five years.

30.2 Receivables


	2018			2017
Loans to associates		12			12
Loans to joint ventures		18			13
Receivables from policyholders		969			999
Receivables from brokers and agents		396			400
Receivables from reinsurers		1,129			2,708
Cash outstanding from assets sold		116			46
Trade receivables		1,321			910
Cash collateral		616			1,545
Reverse repurchase agreements		-			230
Income tax receivable		102			85
Other		1,382			1,190
Provision for doubtful debts		(41	)		(48	)
At December 31		6,019			8,091

Current		5,989			8,061
Non-current		30			30

With the exception of receivables from reinsurers, the receivables balances presented above are mostly not externally rated.

The movements in the provision for doubtful debts during the year were as follows:


	2018			2017
At January 1		(48	)		(79	)
Additions charged to earnings		(7	)		(6	)
Unused amounts reversed through the income statement		4			4
Used during the year		10			31
Net exchange differences		-			2
At December 31		(41	)		(48	)

30.3 Accrued income


	2018			2017
Accrued interest		1,415			1,357
Other		21			25
At December 31		1,436			1,382

Of accrued income EUR 1,421 million is current (2017: EUR 1,364 million).