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Business Description And Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Business Description And Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CyberOptics® Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  In these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, these companies are collectively referred to as “CyberOptics,” “we,” “us,” or “our.”  All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents

Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.  Cash and cash equivalents consist of funds maintained in demand deposit accounts, money market accounts, corporate debt instruments and U.S. government backed obligations.  Some cash and cash equivalent balances may exceed federally insured limits.    

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

All marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and consist of U.S. government backed obligations, certificates of deposit, corporate debt instruments, asset backed securities or equity securities.  Marketable securities are classified as short-term or long-term in the balance sheet based on their maturity date and expectations regarding sales.

 

Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized.  These fair values are primarily determined using quoted market prices.  The carrying amounts of securities, for purposes of computing unrealized gains and losses, are determined by specific identification.  The cost of securities sold is also determined by specific identification.

 

We monitor the carrying value of our investments compared to their fair value to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred.  If a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge related to that specific investment is recorded in current operations.

 

Cash and marketable securities held by foreign subsidiaries totaled $3,585,000 at December 31, 2012 and $2,296,000 at December 31, 2011.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Appropriate consideration is given to deterioration, obsolescence, and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.  Demonstration inventories are stated at cost less accumulated amortization, generally based on a 36 month useful life.

Allowance For Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments.  In making the determination of the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider specific accounts, historical write-offs, changes in customer relationships and credit worthiness and concentrations of credit risk.  Specific accounts receivable are written-off once a determination is made that the account is uncollectible.

Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

 

 

 

 

Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost.  Significant additions or improvements extending asset lives are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.  In progress costs are capitalized with depreciation beginning when assets are placed in service.  Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the equipment, ranging from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the asset useful life or the underlying lease term.  Gains or losses on dispositions are included in current operations.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Identified intangible assets (excluding goodwill and patents), consisting primarily of developed technology, were amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from six to ten years, based upon their estimated life.  These assets were fully amortized prior to December 31, 2011.   

 

Intangible assets subject to amortization and other long lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable.  An impairment loss would be recognized when future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from use of the asset and eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination.  We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year and between annual evaluations if events occur or circumstances change that indicate goodwill might be impaired.  Goodwill is tested by comparing our fair value, as determined based on our future estimated discounted cash flows, to our net book value.

Patents

Patents

Patents consist of legal and patent registration costs for protection of our proprietary technology.  We amortize patent costs on a straight-line basis over a three year period, based upon their estimated life.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from all customers, including distributors, is recognized when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.  Generally, revenues are recognized upon shipment under FOB shipping point terms, and include shipping and handling costs.  Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.  Estimated returns and warranty costs are recorded at the time of sale.  Sales of some SMT system products may require customer acceptance due to performance or other acceptance criteria included in the terms of sale.  For these SMT product sales, revenue is recognized at the time of customer acceptance.  Our multiple deliverable arrangements typically include the sale of an SMT inspection system, installation and training, and in some cases, an extended warranty.  Revenue from installation and training and extended warranty are recognized as the services are provided, typically within one month of shipment in the case of installation and training.  Extended warranties are typically for a second or third year of coverage beyond the basic one year warranty included with all SMT sales.

 

When a sale involves multiple elements, revenue is allocated to each respective element at inception of an arrangement using the relative selling price method.  Selling price is determined based on a selling price hierarchy, consisting of vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE), third party evidence or estimated selling price.  Management’s best estimate of the selling price of an SMT machine is based on the cost build-up of the product and a reasonable margin based on geographic location and market conditions.  We use VSOE to establish selling price for extended warranty, installation and training services.  If VSOE is not available to establish selling price for extended warranty, installation and training services, we estimate a selling price based on the cost build-up for the particular service and a reasonable gross margin.  Costs related to products delivered are recognized in the period revenue is recognized.  Cost of goods sold consists primarily of direct labor, manufacturing overhead, raw materials and components and excludes amortization of intangible assets.

Foreign Currency Translation And Transactions

Foreign Currency Translation

Financial position and results of operations of our international subsidiaries are measured using local currency as their functional currency.  Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each fiscal year-end.  Statements of operations accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year.  Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity.

 

 

 

 

Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in interest income and other in the statement of operations.  We recognized foreign currency transaction losses, net of underlying currency hedges of $11,000 in 2012 and foreign currency transaction gains, net of underlying currency hedges of $34,000 in 2011.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development (R&D) costs, including software development, are expensed when incurred.  Software development costs are required to be expensed until the point that technological feasibility and proven marketability of the product are established; costs otherwise capitalizable after such point also are expensed because they are insignificant.  All other R&D costs are expensed as incurred. R&D expenses consist primarily of salaries, project materials, contract labor and other costs associated with ongoing product development and enhancement efforts.

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives and Hedging

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows denominated in foreign currencies and certain intercompany financing transactions associated with our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Singapore.  These transactions are designated as cash flow hedges and are recorded in the accompanying balance sheet at fair value.  The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.  Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.  Cash flows from derivative instruments are classified in the statement of cash flows in the same category as the cash flows from the items subject to designated hedge relationships.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

We expense all advertising costs as incurred.  The amounts were not material for all periods presented.

Warranty Costs

Warranty Costs

We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized, generally for one year.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We evaluate uncertain tax positions using the “more likely than not” threshold (i.e., a likelihood of occurrence greater than fifty percent).  The recognition threshold is met when an entity concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority. Those tax positions failing to qualify for initial recognition are recognized in the first interim period in which they meet the more likely than not standard, or are resolved through negotiation or litigation with the taxing authority, or upon expiration of the statute of limitations.  De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized occurs when an entity subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more likely than not threshold of being sustained. 

 

Only the portion of the liability that is expected to be paid within one year is classified as a current liability.  As a result, liabilities expected to be resolved without the payment of cash (e.g. resolution due to the expiration of the statute of limitations) or are not expected to be paid within one year are not classified as current.  It is our policy to record estimated interest and penalties as income tax expense and tax credits as a reduction in income tax expense.

Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities.  Income tax expense is the sum of the tax currently payable and the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period, excluding changes in deferred tax assets recorded to equity and goodwill.  Valuation allowances are established when, in the opinion of management, there is uncertainty that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  We assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance based on all positive and negative evidence.    

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period.  Common equivalent shares consist of common shares to be issued upon exercise of stock options, restricted stock units and from participation in our employee stock purchase plan, as calculated using the treasury stock method.  All potentially dilutive common equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation of net loss per diluted share due to their anti-dilutive effect.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash equivalents, accounts receivable, income tax refunds receivable, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. 

Share-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

All equity-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are required to be recognized as an expense in our consolidated statements of operations based on the grant date fair value of the award.  We utilize the straight-line method of expense recognition over the award’s service period for our graded vesting options.  The fair value of stock options has been determined using the Black-Scholes model.  The compensation expense recognized for all equity based awards is net of estimated forfeitures, which is based on historical data.  We have classified equity based compensation within our statement of operations in the same manner as our cash based employee compensation costs.  We elected to use the alternative transition guidance known as the “short-cut method” to determine our pool of windfall tax benefits at   January 1, 2006.

 

See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on stock-based compensation.

Recent Accounting Developments

Recent Accounting Developments

In June 2011, the FASB issued amended disclosure requirements for the presentation of comprehensive income (ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income). The amended guidance eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income (OCI) as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Under the amended guidance, all changes in OCI are to be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive financial statements.  The FASB subsequently met on October 21, 2011 and decided that the specific requirement to present items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income alongside their respective components of net income and other comprehensive income will be deferred.  We adopted the remaining amended disclosure requirements effective January 1, 2012.  Our adoption of the amended disclosure requirements had no impact on our consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to changes in financial statement presentation.

In February 2013, the FASB issued amended disclosure requirements for amounts classified out of other comprehensive income to improve the transparency of reporting these reclassifications (ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income). The amended guidance requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income but only if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts.  The amended guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012.  There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to changes in financial statement presentation.