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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES:
We recorded income tax expense of $63,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2014, compared to a benefit of $220,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our income tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 included a $318,000 benefit resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations for various tax exposures related to the income tax returns of prior periods. At September 30, 2014, we continue to have a valuation allowance recorded against all of our United States and Singapore based deferred tax assets. Income taxes in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, reflects minimal state income tax expense and foreign income tax expense associated with our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and China.
We currently have significant deferred tax assets as a result of temporary differences between taxable income on our tax returns and U.S. GAAP income, research and development tax credit carry forwards and federal, state and foreign net operating loss carry forwards. A deferred tax asset generally represents future tax benefits to be received when temporary differences previously reported in our financial statements become deductible for income tax purposes, when net operating loss carry forwards are applied against future taxable income, or when tax credit carry forwards are utilized on our tax returns. We assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance based on the guidance provided in current financial accounting standards.
Significant judgment is required in determining the realizability of our deferred tax assets. The assessment of whether valuation allowances are required considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of any current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry forward periods, our experience with loss carry forwards not expiring unused and tax planning alternatives.
We have concluded that a valuation allowance is needed for all of our United States and Singapore based deferred tax assets due to the losses we have sustained since 2011 and our near term financial outlook. In analyzing the need for a valuation allowance, we considered our history of operating results for income tax purposes over the past three years in each of the tax jurisdictions where we operate, statutory carry forward periods and tax planning alternatives. Finally, we considered both our near and long-term financial outlook and timing regarding when we might return to profitability. After considering all available evidence both positive and negative, we concluded that a valuation allowance is needed for all of our U.S. and Singapore based deferred tax assets at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
Deferred tax assets at September 30, 2014 include net operating loss carry forwards incurred in the UK by CyberOptics Ltd., which was acquired in 1999. A valuation allowance has not been recorded against these deferred tax assets. The utilization of these net operating loss carry forwards is dependent on CyberOptics Ltd.’s ability to generate sufficient UK taxable income during the carry forward period.