As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 15, 2009
1933 Act File No. 002-38679
1940 Act File No. 811-02064
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1933
o Pre-Effective Amendment No.
x Post-Effective Amendment No. 59
and
x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
x Amendment No. 59
Pax World Funds Series Trust I
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code: (800) 767-1729
Joseph F. Keefe
Pax World Management Corp.
30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies of Communications to:
Gregory D. Sheehan, Esq.
Ropes & Gray, LLP
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as possible following the effectiveness of this Registration Statement.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
¨ Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨ On (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
x On [December 30, 2009] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
This Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been filed by Pax World Funds Series Trust I, a Massachusetts business trust, on behalf of its series ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio and ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio pursuant to Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 8(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED OCTOBER 15, 2009
THE ESG MANAGERS ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIOS
ESG MANAGERS AGGRESSIVE GROWTH PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS GROWTH PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS MODERATE PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS CONSERVATIVE PORTFOLIO
PROSPECTUS

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer or sale is not permitted.
This prospectus explains what you should know about the fund before you invest. Please read it carefully.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Dated: [December 30, 2009]
THE ESG MANAGERS ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIOS
Multi-Manager Approach
The Funds use multiple managers (Sleeve Subadvisers) to seek to achieve their investment objectives and each Sleeve Subadviser seeks to invest the assets of its sleeve(s) in securities consistent with its investment style (e.g., large cap growth, small cap value, intermediate term bond) and within the allocations established by Morningstar Associates, LLC for the Funds. Each Sleeve Subadviser also invests the assets of its strategy or sleeve in accordance with sustainability or ESG criteria discussed below under Sustainability (Environmental, Social and Governance) Criteria and in the Funds Statement of Additional Information. The Sleeve Subadvisers include experienced managers of mutual funds and separately managed accounts that also follow ESG criteria. These funds or separate accounts serve as models upon which Morningstar Associates, LLC has designed the Sleeve Subadvisers investment parameters. The chart below lists these model mutual fund or separate account strategies.
|
Sleeve Subadviser |
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Strategy |
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|
|
|
|
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[Subadviser A] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser B] |
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[name] |
|
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[Subadviser C] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser D] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser E] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser F] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser H] |
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[name] |
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[Subadviser I] |
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[name] |
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|
[Subadviser J] |
|
[name] |
|
There can be no assurance that the performance of any Fund will be comparable to that of any model mutual fund or separate account strategy referred to above, or that the results achieved by a Sleeve Subadviser will correlate closely to that of the applicable model mutual fund or separate account strategy.

ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio
(the Aggressive Growth Portfolio)
Risk/Return Summary
Investment Objectives
The Aggressive Growth Portfolios investment objective is to seek a high level of long-term capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Aggressive Growth Portfolio expects to invest approximately 95% of its total assets in equity securities (e.g., stocks), and approximately 5% of its total assets in fixed income securities (e.g., corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, agency securities and municipal bonds). The Aggressive Growth Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its total assets in equity securities and up to 25% of its total assets in fixed income securities. The Aggressive Growth Portfolio may invest up to 85% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers including investments in emerging markets.
ESG Managers Growth Portfolio
(the Growth Portfolio)
Risk/Return Summary
Investment Objectives
The Growth Portfolios investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Growth Portfolio expects to invest approximately 70% of its total assets in equity securities (e.g., stocks), and approximately 30% of its total assets in fixed income securities (e.g., corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, agency securities and municipal bonds). The Growth Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its total assets in equity securities and up to 50% of its total assets in fixed income securities. The Growth Portfolio may invest up to 70% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers including investments in emerging markets.
2
ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio
(the Moderate Portfolio)
Risk/Return Summary
Investment Objectives
The Moderate Portfolios primary investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation. As a secondary objective and to the extent consistent with its primary investment objective, the Moderate Portfolio seeks current income.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Moderate Portfolio expects to invest approximately 50% of its total assets in equity securities (e.g., stocks), and approximately 50% of its total assets in fixed income securities (e.g., corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, agency securities and municipal bonds). The Moderate Portfolio may invest up to 70% of its total assets in equity securities and up to 70% of its total assets in fixed income securities. The Moderate Portfolio may invest up to 50% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers including investments in emerging markets.
ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio
(the Conservative Portfolio)
Risk/Return Summary
Investment Objectives
The Conservative Portfolios primary investment objective is to seek preservation of capital and current income. As a secondary objective and to the extent consistent with its primary investment objective, the Conservative Portfolio seeks capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Conservative Portfolio expects to invest approximately 65% of its total assets in fixed income securities (e.g., corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, agency securities and municipal bonds), and approximately 35% of its total assets in equity securities (e.g., stocks). The Conservative Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its total assets in fixed income securities and up to 50% of its total assets in equity securities. The Conservative Portfolio may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers including investments in emerging markets.
Principal Investment Strategies and Risks Common to the Funds
With respect to the fixed income portion each of their investment portfolios, the Aggressive Growth Portfolio, the Growth Portfolio, the Moderate Portfolio and the Conservative Portfolio
3
(each, a Fund and collectively, the Funds) may invest in (i) securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, (ii) corporate bonds and asset backed securities of all types (including mortgage backed securities), and (iii) securities of foreign issuers. Each Fund may purchase fixed income securities of any rating, including junk bonds (e.g., securities rated lower than BBB- by Standard & Poors Ratings Group or Baa by Moodys Investor Service or unrated securities of comparable quality as determined by Pax World Management Corp. (the Adviser or Pax World) or a subadviser to which the Adviser has delegated responsibility for selecting investments for a portion of the Funds portfolio (each such adviser, a Sleeve Subadviser)).
With respect to the equity portion of its investment portfolio, each Fund may invest in securities of companies with any market capitalization and the Adviser and each Sleeve Subadviser intend to focus on economic sectors that they believe offer the Funds the potential to meet their investment objectives. In addition, each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies that are part of the Pax World group of investment companies, including in particular exchange traded funds managed by the Adviser (Underlying Pax ETFs). Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, to the degree permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and the rules adopted thereunder.
Each Fund follows a sustainable investing approach, which combines financial analysis with environmental, social, and/or governance (ESG) analysis in order to identify investments. As described in greater detail below under About the Funds Sustainable Investing, each Sleeve Subadviser uses its own ESG criteria to determine whether a particular investment is eligible for initial purchase. For the ESG criteria of the Sleeve Subadvisers, please see the Funds Statement of Additional Information. Any Sleeve Subadviser that does not employ its own ESG criteria will only purchase investments determined, at the time of initial purchase, to be eligible by the Adviser using the Advisers ESG criteria. For more information regarding the ESG criteria of each Sleeve Subadviser, please see Investment Philosophy Sustainable Investing The Sleeve Subadviser in the Statement of Additional Information.
Each Fund may (but is not required to) sell a particular security if any of the original reasons for purchase change materially, in response to adverse market conditions, when a more attractive investment is identified, to meet redemption requests, or if it is determined that a company no longer meets the environmental, social or governance standards of the Sleeve Subadviser that purchased the security for its sleeve or of the Adviser, as applicable.
Each Funds investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers may include investments in emerging markets and may be diversified across multiple countries or geographic regions, or may be focused on a particular geographic region.
Each Fund may utilize derivatives, including but not limited to repurchase agreements, foreign currency exchange contracts, options and futures contracts, for hedging and for investment purposes.
Although each Fund intends to manage the turnover of its portfolio, it is possible that, as a result of its investment strategies and the utilization of multiple Sleeve Subadvisers, the portfolio turnover rate of that Fund may be significant.
4
In response to unfavorable market or other conditions, each Fund may deviate from its principal investment strategies by making temporary defensive investments of some or all of its assets in high quality debt securities, cash and cash equivalents. When investing defensively, a Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Investors should understand that sustainable investing refers to the full integration of environmental, social and governance criteria into the Funds investment approach; it does not mean that the Funds will necessarily perform in the future as they have in the past. The approach to sustainable investing of each Sleeve Subadviser that employs its own ESG criteria will vary from that of the Adviser.
Each of the Underlying Pax ETFs seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of its index. As a result, adverse performance of a particular security in an Underlying Pax ETFs portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Underlying Pax ETFs portfolio. Each Underlying Pax ETF offers and issues its shares at their net asset value per share only to certain institutional investors in aggregations of a specified number of ETF shares, generally in exchange for a basket of securities included in its underlying index, together with the deposit of a specified cash payment. The shares of Underlying Pax ETFs are listed and traded on national securities exchanges and also may be listed on certain non-U.S. securities exchanges. Each Fund may invest some or all of its assets in one or more of the following Underlying Pax ETFs: the ESG Shares FTSE KLD North America Sustainability Index Fund, the ESG Shares FTSE KLD Europe Asia Pacific Sustainability Index Fund or the ESG Shares FTSE Environmental Technologies (ET50) Index Fund.
The Adviser will, if applicable, purchase Underlying Pax ETF shares on behalf of the Funds in the secondary market (e.g., on a stock exchange). The relative weightings for each Fund in the various Underlying Pax ETFs will vary over time, and the Adviser is not required to invest any Funds assets in each of the Underlying Pax ETFs or in any particular percentage in any given Underlying Pax ETF. The Adviser may add, eliminate or replace Underlying Pax ETFs in a Funds portfolio at any time.
Principal Risks
The Funds are exposed to various risks and you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares. The principal risks of investing in the Funds are described below.
· Market Risk. Conditions in a broad or specialized market, a sector thereof or an individual industry may adversely affect security prices, thereby reducing the value of a Funds investments.
· Interest Rate Risk. As nominal interest rates rise, the value of debt securities held in the fixed income portion of a Funds portfolio is likely to decrease. Securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. A nominal interest rate can be described as the sum of a real interest rate and an expected inflation rate.
5
· Credit Risk. With respect to fixed income securities, changes in economic conditions generally or particular to the obligated entity may affect the obligated entitys actual or perceived ability to make payments of interest or principal when due, which may cause the price of the security or the income derived therefrom to decline. Bonds that are backed by an issuers taxing authority, including general obligation bonds, may be subject to legal limits on a governments power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may depend for payment on legislative appropriation and/or governmental aid. Some bonds, known as revenue obligations, are payable solely from revenues earned by a particular project or other revenue source. Consequently, revenue obligations are subject to a greater risk of default than general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project, assets, or company backing the project, rather than to the taxing power of the issuer.
· Reinvestment Risk. Income from the fixed income portion of a Funds investments may decline if the Fund is forced to invest the proceeds from matured, called or otherwise disposed of debt securities or convertible securities at interest rates that are below the Funds earnings rate at that time.
· U.S. Government Securities Risk. Certain securities issued by the United States government are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. These securities may be supported by the governments ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, or may be supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. These securities are subject to greater issuer risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.
· High Yield Securities Risk. To the extent a Fund invests in high yield securities (commonly known as junk bonds), it may be subject to greater levels of interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. High yield securities are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to make principal and interest payments when due. Rising interest rates or a general economic downturn may adversely affect the market for high yield securities and reduce the Funds ability to sell them (liquidity risk). If the issuer of a high yield security is in default with respect to interest or principal payments, the Fund may lose its entire investment in that security.
· Mortgage Risk. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, a Fund that holds mortgage-related securities may exhibit additional volatility. This is known as extension risk. In addition, mortgage-related securities are subject to prepayment risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the Funds returns because the Fund will have to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates.
· Non-U. S. Securities Risk. Non-U.S. markets can be significantly more volatile than domestic markets, causing the prices of some or all of a Funds investments to fluctuate significantly, rapidly and unpredictably. Non-U.S. securities may be less liquid than
6
domestic securities; consequently, the Fund may at times be unable to sell non-U.S. securities at desirable times or prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees and expenses associated with securities transactions generally are higher for non-U.S. securities. In the event of a default in connection with certain debt securities issued by foreign governments, the Fund may have very limited recourse, if any. Additionally, foreign governments may impose taxes which would reduce the amount of income and capital gain available to distribute to shareholders. Other risks related to non-U.S. securities include delays in the settlement of transactions; less publicly available information about issuers; different reporting, accounting and auditing standards; the effect of political, social, diplomatic or economic events; seizure, expropriation or nationalization of the issuer or its assets; and the possible imposition of currency exchange controls. To the extent a Fund invests substantially in securities of non-U.S. issuers tied economically to a particular country or geographic region, it will be subject to the risks associated with such country or geographic region to a greater extent than a fund that is more diversified across countries or geographic regions.
· Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Emerging market securities are likely to have greater exposure to the risks discussed above. Additionally, emerging market countries generally have less mature economies and less developed securities markets with more limited trading activity, are more heavily dependent on international trade and support, have a higher risk of currency devaluation, and may have more volatile inflation rates or longer periods of high inflation than more developed countries. Emerging market countries also are more prone to rapid social, political and economic changes than more developed countries.
· Growth Securities Risk. Growth (equity) securities typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other securities. Therefore, the values of growth securities may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other securities.
· Value Securities Risk. The equity portion of each Funds portfolio may be invested in companies that may not be expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose securities the Adviser and/or a Sleeve Subadviser believes are selling at a price lower than their true value. Companies that issue value securities may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their securities to be out of favor. If the Advisers and/or a Sleeve Subadvisers assessment of a companys prospects is wrong, or if the market does not recognize the value of the company, the price of its securities may decline or may not approach the value that the Adviser and/or the Sleeve Subadviser anticipates.
7
· Small- and Medium-Sized Company Risk. Investing in securities of small- and medium-sized companies may involve greater volatility than investing in larger and more established companies because they can be subject to more abrupt and erratic share price changes than larger, more established companies. Securities of these types of companies may have limited liquidity, and their prices may be more volatile. The stocks of smaller capitalization companies tend to have less trading volume than stocks of larger capitalization companies. Less trading volume may make it more difficult for our portfolio managers to sell securities of smaller capitalization companies at quoted market prices. Finally, there are periods when investing in smaller capitalization stocks falls out of favor with investors and the stocks of smaller capitalization companies underperform.
· Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are derived from traditional securities, assets, reference rates or market indices. Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing a Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Funds potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Funds derivative positions at times when the Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, the risk of ambiguous documentation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether.
· Allocation Risk. To the extent each Funds investment performance depends upon how its assets are allocated and reallocated among debt securities, equity securities and equity related securities, as well as among domestic and foreign securities, allocation techniques and decisions of Morningstar Associates, LLC may not produce the desired results, and, therefore, a Fund may not achieve its investment objectives.
· Multi-Manager Risk. Because each Sleeve Subadviser makes investment decisions independently, it is possible that the security selection processes of the Sleeve Subadvisers may not complement one another. As a result, a Funds aggregate exposure to a given security, industry or market capitalization could unintentionally be smaller or larger than intended. One or more Sleeve Subadvisers may underperform their peers from time to time, adversely affecting performance of a Fund. When new Sleeve Subadvisers are added or assets are reallocated among Sleeve Subadvisers, a Fund may have higher portfolio turnover and may incur higher transactions costs, which may adversely affect the Funds performance. In addition, the separate investment decisions and the resulting purchase and sale activities of the Sleeve Subadvisers might lead to disadvantageous tax consequences,
8
including the deferral of losses.
· Turnover Risk. A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as portfolio turnover. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer markups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains (which are taxed at ordinary income tax rates when distributed to shareholders who are individuals), and may adversely affect the Funds after-tax returns. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Funds performance.
· Underlying Pax ETFs. Each Underlying Pax ETF in which the Funds may invest employs a passive management or indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of its Index. Under normal circumstances, more than 80% of each Underlying Pax ETFs total assets will be invested in component securities of its Index and in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and Euro Depositary Receipts (EDRs and, collectively with ADRs and GDRs, Depositary Receipts) representing the securities in its Index. Each Underlying Pax ETF may invest in securities that are not included in its index to the extent consistent with the foregoing 80% policy, which securities, in the case of ESG Shares FTSE KLD Europe Asia Pacific Sustainability Index Fund and ESG Shares FTSE KLD North America Sustainability Index Fund, will be evaluated by the Adviser for satisfaction of the Advisers environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria. For example, an Underlying Pax ETF may invest in securities that are not components of its index in order to reflect various corporate actions and other changes to its Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions) or in order to help it track its index. Each Underlying Pax ETF also may invest in cash and cash equivalents, as well as in futures, options, swap contracts and other derivatives. The Adviser intends that, over time, the correlation between each Funds performance and that of its index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better, although there can be no assurance of achieving this objective. The ESG Shares FTSE KLD Europe Asia Pacific Sustainability Index Fund uses a representative sampling strategy in seeking to track the performance of its index. This means that the fund generally will invest in a sample of the securities in its index whose risk, return and other characteristics, in the Advisers opinion, closely resemble the risk, return and other characteristics of the Index as a whole. Each of the ESG Shares FTSE KLD North America Sustainability Index Fund and the ESG Shares FTSE Environmental Technologies (ET50) Index Fund uses a replication strategy in seeking to track the performance of its respective index. This means that each of these Underlying Pax ETFs will invest in all of the securities comprising its index in approximately the same proportions as they are represented in the index. Each Underlying Pax ETF may use a representative sampling strategy with respect to its index when a replication strategy might be detrimental, such as when a security becomes temporarily illiquid, unavailable or less liquid. There can be no assurance that replication strategies will produce returns that closely track the returns of the Underlying Pax ETFs index. When the Funds invest in an Underlying Pax ETF, the Funds will be subject to equity market risk. The stock exchange price of an Underlying Pax ETF may be less than the value of that ETFs net assets due to discounts in the secondary market. The Funds will be subject to
9
expenses of the underlying Pax ETFs.
· Acquired Funds Risk. When the Funds acquire shares of other investment companies (acquired funds), the Funds are subject to the fees and expenses of those acquired funds. In addition, there is no assurance that any acquired fund will achieve its investment objective. Acquired funds are subject to limitations on the percentage of themselves that they may sell to the Funds as a group, which may mean that acquisition of the acquired funds by one Fund may preclude additional investments by other Funds. Acquired funds may limit the Advisers and/or Morningstar Associates, LLCs access to holdings information, which may adversely affect the management of the Funds.
· Sustainable Investing Risk. The ESG criteria employed for each Fund may inhibit its ability to participate in certain attractive investment opportunities that otherwise would be consistent with its investment objective.
There are other circumstances (including additional risks not listed above) that could cause each Fund not to achieve its investment objectives. As with all mutual funds, shareholders of each Fund may lose money. For a discussion of additional risks applicable to the Funds, please see the section captioned Investments and Special Considerations; Risk Factors in the Statement of Additional Information. An investment in a Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Except as otherwise noted in this Prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information, the Funds investment objectives and policies are not fundamental, and may be changed without a vote of shareholders.
Sleeve Subadvisers. The Adviser has delegated to Morningstar Associates, LLC (Morningstar Associates) responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees of Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Trust) various Sleeve Subadvisers to which the Adviser will delegate responsibility for selecting securities for a portion of each Funds portfolio. The Adviser has also delegated to Morningstar Associates responsibility for determining the portion of each Funds assets that will be allocated for management by each Sleeve Subadviser (each such portion referred to as a sleeve). Each Sleeve Subadviser seeks to invest in securities consistent with the parameters established by the Adviser in conjunction with Morningstar Associates for that particular sleeve. The selection of Sleeve Subadvisers and the allocation of assets among Sleeve Subadvisers are discussed below under About the Funds - Multi-Manager Approach.
Fund Performance
No performance information is shown for any Fund because, as of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced investment operations.
10
Fees & Expenses
The table below describes the fees and expenses that investors may pay if they buy and hold Class A, Class C, and Institutional Class shares of each Fund. The fees and expenses associated with an investment in each Fund are among several factors that an investor should consider before investing. Other Expenses include operating expenses such as trustees and professional fees, registration fees, expenses relating to the preparation of shareholder reports and transfer agency and custodian fees.
Class A shares of the Funds are typically subject to a sales charge when you purchase shares and Class C shares are typically subject to a contingent deferred sales charge when you redeem shares within one year of purchase as well as distribution and service fees. The Funds offer a variety of share classes to accommodate different ways of paying the costs of distribution (up front or upon redemption/over time). It is important to understand that although Class C shares are not subject to an up-front sales charge, they are generally subject to a higher aggregate ongoing distribution and service fees than Class A shares.
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced operations. Each Funds annual operating expenses likely will vary from year to year. Total annual operating expenses for the current fiscal year may be higher or lower than those shown.
Shareholder Fees (paid directly from your investment)
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Class A |
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Class C |
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Institutional Class |
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Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a parentage of offering price) |
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5.75 |
%* |
None |
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None |
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|
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Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)** |
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None |
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1.00 |
%*** |
None |
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11
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from each Classs assets)
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Class A |
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Class C |
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Institutional Class |
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Aggressive |
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Growth |
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Moderate |
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Conservative |
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Aggressive |
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Growth |
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Moderate |
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Conservative |
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Aggressive |
|
Growth |
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Moderate |
|
Conservative |
|
|
Management Fee |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
|
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees |
|
0.25 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Other Expenses **** |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
|
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
|
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses ***** |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
|
Contractual Expense Reimbursements ***** |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
|
Net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
|
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
[----] |
% |
*The actual sales charge may be higher due to rounding. Lower sales charges may be available for Class A purchases of $[insert first break point] or more. Purchases of Class A shares for accounts with $1 million or more are not subject to front-end sales charges, but may be subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) on shares redeemed within 1 year of purchase. See Choosing a Share Class Class A.
**A CDSC may be charged when you sell your shares.
***On Class C shares redeemed less than one year after purchase. The actual contingent deferred sales charge may be higher due to rounding.
****Other expenses included in this chart are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
*****The Adviser has agreed to reimburse the Funds to the extent that their other expenses (excluding interest, taxes, certain securities lending costs, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses, if any), as a percentage of their respective average net assets, exceed the following rates: [---]. This reimbursement is for the period commencing with the commencement of each Funds investment operations and ending [December 31, 20XX]. To the extent that each Funds expenses are below the foregoing rates in a given year, each Fund has agreed to reimburse the Adviser for any expenses absorbed by the Adviser for that Fund within the previous 5 years.
Example Expenses
The table below is intended to help an investor compare the cost of investing in shares of the Funds with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The table assumes that an investor invests $10,000 in shares of the applicable Class for the time periods indicated and then redeems all of his or her shares at the end of those periods. The table also assumes that the investment has a 5% return each year, that all dividends and distributions are reinvested and that the Classs operating expenses remain the same throughout those periods. Although an investors actual expenses may be higher or lower than those shown in the table, based on these assumptions his or her expenses would be:
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Class A |
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Class C |
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Class I |
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Sell All |
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Hold |
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Sell All |
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Hold |
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Sell All |
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Hold |
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1 year |
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3 years |
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12
Financial Highlights
No financial highlights are shown for the Funds because, as of [December [30], 2009], they had not yet commenced investment operations.
About the Funds
Multi-Manager Approach
The Funds use multiple Sleeve Subadvisers to seek to achieve their investment objectives and each Sleeve Subadviser seeks to invest the assets of its sleeve(s) in securities consistent with its investment style (e.g., large cap growth, small cap value, intermediate term bond) and within the allocations established by Morningstar Associates for the Funds. Each Sleeve Subadviser also invests the assets of its strategy or sleeve in accordance with sustainability or ESG criteria discussed below under Sustainability (Environmental, Social and Governance) Criteria and in the Funds Statement of Additional Information. The potential risks and returns of each Fund vary with the degree to which the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers cause the Fund to invest in particular market segments and/or asset classes.
Morningstar Associates allocates portions of the Funds assets (referred to as sleeves) to several Sleeve Subadvisers who then manage their respective sleeves of the assets under the general supervision of the Adviser and Morningstar Associates. It is currently expected that the Adviser will manage one or more sleeves of the Funds assets itself. Morningstar Associates may adjust the relative proportions of assets managed by each Sleeve Subadviser from time to time.
The Funds multi-manager approach is designed to reduce the management risk inherent in individual security selection and to achieve lower volatility by combining the skills of Sleeve Subadvisers, where appropriate, with complementary investment approaches. The Funds will generally select one or more Sleeve Subadvisers to advise with respect to each distinct segment of a market based upon Morningstar Associates evaluations of each Sleeve Subadvisers expertise and performance in investing in the particular market segment. Where a Sleeve Subadviser has been appointed, the Adviser will monitor the Sleeve Subadviser for adherence to each Funds specific investment objectives, policies and strategies.
Allocation of assets among Sleeve Subadvisers is based on such things as prudent diversification principles, general market outlooks (both domestic and global), historical performance, global markets current valuations, and other economic factors. The Adviser and Morningstar Associates may periodically adjust asset allocations to favor those Sleeve Subadvisers that the Adviser and Morningstar Associates believe will provide the most favorable outlook for achieving a Funds investment objective. As a result, it is not possible to predict the extent to which any Funds assets will be invested by (or based upon the recommendations of) a particular Sleeve Subadviser at any time and one or more Sleeve Subadvisers may not be advising any assets for a particular Fund at any given time. Morningstar Associates may change the Funds asset allocations at any time without notice to shareholders and without shareholder approval.
The Trust and the Adviser intend to file an exemptive application with the SEC requesting an exemptive order in connection with the Funds proposed manager of managers structure.
13
Consistent with the proposed structure, the Adviser intends to hire new Sleeve Subadvisers and terminate Sleeve Subadvisers from time to time. The issuance of such exemptive order by the SEC would permit the Adviser, subject to certain conditions and with the approval of the Board of Trustees, to appoint and replace Sleeve Subadvisers, enter into subadvisory agreements with each Sleeve Subadviser (each, a Subadvisory Contract), and amend and terminate Subadvisory Contracts with respect to the Funds without shareholder approval. This manager of managers structure is intended to enable the Funds to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approvals for matters relating to Sleeve Subadvisers or Subadvisory Contracts. However, there is no assurance that the SEC will issue the exemptive order.
Some Sleeve Subadvisers may operate on a non-discretionary basis, meaning that they may supply the Adviser with a model portfolio for a particular Sleeve, and the Adviser may purchase and/or sell securities in accordance with that Sleeve Subadvisers recommendations.
The following table identifies the Sleeve Subadvisers for the Funds, the investment style for each Sleeve Subadviser, the benchmark index for the portion of each Funds assets that are managed by each Sleeve Subadviser and the assets under management of each Sleeve Subadviser as of September 30, 2009. For more details on each Sleeve Subadviser, please see Management, Organization and Capital Structure.
|
Sleeve
Subadviser |
|
Sleeve Name; |
|
Benchmark Index |
|
9/30 Assets |
|
[Subadviser A] |
|
[ ]; [Investment Grade Intermediate Term Bond] |
|
BarCap US Aggregate |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser B] |
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[ ]; [Small/Mid Cap Value] |
|
[Russell 2000] |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser C] |
|
[ ]; [Large Cap Value] |
|
Russell 1000 Value |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser D] |
|
[ ]; [Investment Grade Intermediate Term Bond] |
|
BarCap US Aggregate |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser E] |
|
[ ]; [Intermediate Term Bond] |
|
BarCap US Aggregate |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser F] |
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[ ]; [Dividend Yield] |
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Russell 1000 |
|
|
|
[Subadviser G] |
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[ ]; [Large Growth Equity Blend] |
|
Russell 1000 [Growth] |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser H]* |
|
[ ]; [Large Cap Blend] |
|
Russell 1000 |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser H]* |
|
[ ]; [Small Cap Blend] |
|
Russell 2000 |
|
[ ] |
|
[Subadviser I] |
|
[ ]; [Global Core Equity] |
|
MSCI World |
|
[ ] |
14
|
[Subadviser J] |
|
[ ]; [Emerging Markets] |
|
MSCI Emerging Markets |
|
[ ] |
|
The Adviser |
|
[ ]; [International Stock] |
|
MSCI EAFE |
|
|
|
The Adviser |
|
[ ]; [Large Cap Equity Blend] |
|
Russell 1000 Growth |
|
|
|
The Adviser |
|
[ ]; [High Yield] |
|
BarCap US High Yield Intermediate |
|
|
|
The Adviser |
|
[ ]; [Intermediate Government Bond] |
|
BarCap US Aggregate |
|
|
* This Sleeve Subadviser will manage the assets allocated to it on a discretionary basis, however, the Adviser will provide trading services and will place all orders for portfolio transactions.
Sleeve Subadviser Investment Strategies
[Subadviser A]
Investment Grade Fixed Income Strategy [Subadviser A] seeks to invest the sleeve(s) it manages in debt securities and other debt instruments that it believes have a distinct double bottom line purposedelivering both financial and social returns. The core economic activities supported by these investments may include affordable home ownership, affordable rental housing, urban and rural economic development, small business lending and support for Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs).
At least [90]% of the investments of the sleeve(s) managed by [Subadviser A] are expected to be (i) investment grade (rated BBB- or higher by Standard & Poors or Baa or higher by Moodys) or above or (ii) be deemed by [Subadviser A] to be of comparable credit quality to securities so rated. At least 50% (by market value) of the investments of the sleeve(s) are expected to be rated AAA or be guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. Government or by the U.S. Government itself. [Subadviser A] generally intends to limit investments in non-rated issues or securities that [Subadviser A] does not deem to be investment grade to [10]% of its sleeve(s).
Whenever possible [Subadviser A] will report to the Adviser on the specific loans (by geography, by type and by economic impact) that are contained within securities purchased. These loans may be wrapped by a mortgage- or asset-backed security structure (MBS or ABS) to achieve necessary credit quality and scale. However [Subadviser A] will not make an investment for a sleeve unless the structure and the collateral within the security are both aligned with the applicable Funds objectives.
The types of investments made by sleeve(s) managed by [Subadviser A] may include, but are not limited to:
· obligations of the U.S. Government, agencies, instrumentalities, political subdivisions and supranational entities;
· agency and non-agency mortgage backed securities and pass throughs comprised of loans secured by residential, multifamily and commercial properties;
· municipal bonds;
15
· structured finance instruments with community or economic development as the primary purpose; and
· securities issued by, serviced by or purchased from Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs).
[Subadviser A] intends to limit investments by its sleeve(s) to investments that support community economic development in the United States of America.
[Subadviser A] seeks to provide patient, long term fixed rate capital to individuals and communities in the United States. Investments by sleeve(s) it manages may include issues with final maturities of thirty years or longer. [Subadviser A] will generally seek to construct and maintain its sleeve(s) so that their duration is approximately that of the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. [Subadviser A] may use financial futures and derivatives in seeking to achieve the applicable Funds objectives. [Subadviser A] may also use reverse repurchases and/or other forms of borrowing provided that the amount of borrowed funds of the applicable sleeve deployed does not exceed the limits established for the applicable Fund as a whole.
[Subadviser B]
Small/Mid Cap Value Strategy [Subadviser B] intends for the sleeve(s) it manages to invest primarily in stocks of companies with market capitalizations between $1 billion and $10 billion. Over time, the market capitalizations for the sleeve(s) managed by [Subadviser B] may change. These market capitalization ranges listed above reflect those currently being utilized when purchasing securities for sleeve(s) managed by [Subadviser B] and may change over time.
[Subadviser B] endeavors to follow a patient approach that focuses on the long term and that allows it to take advantage of rare buying opportunities that may arise from what [Subadviser B] believes to be a tendency of financial markets to excessively focus on the short term. [Subadviser B] intends to invest in quality companies that it has analyzed carefully and [Subadviser B] intends to make investments for its sleeve(s) only when such investments are selling at what [Subadviser B] believes to be excellent values. [Subadviser B] believes that its demand for depth over breadth creates a concentrated portfolio of well-researched stocks in industries where [Subadviser B] believes it has appropriate experience, understanding and expertise.
As a value investor, [Subadviser B] seeks to make opportunistic purchases in what it believe are great companies that are temporarily out of favor. [Subadviser B] seeks to invest in companies when they are trading at a low valuation relative to potential earnings (price/earnings ratio generally less than 13x forward cash earnings) and/or a low valuation relative to intrinsic worth (generally a 40% discount to private market value (PMV)).
[Subadviser B] intends for its sleeve(s) to hold investments for a relatively long period of timetypically two to five years. During a longer-term investment horizon, the companies in a sleeves portfolio may increase in market capitalization. As long as a portfolio company otherwise meets the applicable Funds investment criteria and style, increased capitalization does not prevent [Subadviser B] from holding or buying more shares of a company for a sleeve.
[Subadviser B] believes that quality companies typically share the following attributes that [Subadviser B] believes should result in capital appreciation over time:
· high barriers to entry;
· sustainable competitive advantages;
· predictable fundamentals that allow for double digit earnings growth;
16
· skilled management teams; and
· solid financials.
[Subadviser B]s sleeve(s) generally will hold no more than 50 securities.
[Subadviser C]
Large Cap Value Strategy [Subadviser C] intends for the sleeve(s) it manages to invest primarily in common stocks of established U.S. companies. [Subadviser C] may also invest its sleeve(s) in other equity securities. Once [Subadviser C]s socially responsible investment criteria have been met, [Subadviser C] employs its Socially Aware Investment (SAI) Program to apply proactive/supportive screening guidelines to identify investments consistent with both the financial and social objectives of the sleeve(s) it manages. When a security that would otherwise have been held in a portfolio is excluded by the ESG criteria, [Subadviser C] invests the cash that would have been invested in that security in an alternate investment and/or allocates such cash to other investments held in the portfolio.
[Subadviser C] emphasizes individual security selection while diversifying the investments of the sleeve(s) it manages across industries, which may help to reduce risk. [Subadviser C] intends to focus on established large capitalization companies (over $5 billion in market capitalization), seeking to identify those companies with favorable valuations and attractive growth potential. [Subadviser C] employs fundamental analysis to analyze each company in detail, ranking its management, strategy and competitive market position.
In selecting individual companies for investment, [Subadviser C] looks for:
· share prices that appear to be temporarily oversold or do not reflect positive company developments;
· share prices that appear to undervalue the companys assets, particularly on a sum-of-the-parts basis;
· special situations including corporate events, changes in management, regulatory changes or turnaround situations; and
· company-specific items such as competitive market position, competitive products and services, experienced management team and stable financial condition.
[Subadviser C] will review the adherence of the sleeve(s) it manages to its ESG investment guidelines on a quarterly basis. All stocks purchased by its sleeve(s) will meet such criteria at the time of purchase. Stocks held by its sleeve(s) may be divested prior to reaching fair value, as determined by [Subadviser C], if during the quarterly review of the investment universe, [Subadviser C] determines that a stock no longer meets the ESG criteria.
[Subadviser D]
Investment Grade Fixed Income Strategy [Subadviser D] is an institutional fixed income manager. [Subadviser D] intends to invest the sleeve(s) it manages in government related sub-sectors of the bond market traditionally excluded from the
17
major bond indices. [Subadviser D] believes these government-related sub-sectors of the bond market are chronically undervalued.
[Subadviser D] specializes in the construction and management of high-quality government-related bond portfolios composed primarily of non-index securities. The portfolio management team establishes long-term strategic asset allocation ranges, which may call for the inclusion of instruments from the following subsectors (among others):
· taxable municipal bonds;
· U.S. Agency Multi-Family MBS;
· securitized pools of U.S. Government-guaranteed Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans; and
· U.S. Agency Single-Family MBS (collateralized by loans with relatively low loan balances).
The selection and/or creation of securities within these subsectors often entails one or more of the following actions:
· maintaining perpetual awareness of supply of new and secondary issues;
· collaboration with municipal bond issuers and their underwriters; and
· analysis of secondary-market loans, and subsequent securitization.
[Subadviser D] expects the credit quality and duration of the sleeve(s) it manages to be at or near the benchmark (the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index). Within each subsector, bonds are assigned a fair market value (based largely on the bonds relative yield spread vis-à-vis similarly structured bonds of the same credit quality) and examined within the context of the entire portfolio, placing specific emphasis on duration, convexity, projected prepayment speeds, and liquidity constraints.
[Subadviser D] seeks to mitigate interest rate risk by constructing a portfolio duration with the goal of remaining within a 10% or 15% band vis-à-vis the benchmark. Credit risk is monitored by researching (1) the bond issuer, (2) the debtors representing the loans collateralizing the bond, (3) the creditworthiness of the credit enhancing entity (when applicable), and (4) any national and/or local economic factors affecting the issue.
Sell Discipline. [Subadviser D]s sell decisions are primarily by one of three triggers:
· portfolio drifts from duration target and/or sector allocation target;
· changing credit conditions; and
· market prices appreciate significantly beyond fair market value level
18
[Subadviser E]
Equity Income Strategy [Subadviser E] seeks to make sleeve investments that provide high current income, growth of income and growth of principal through investing in the broad equity market. [Subadviser E] seek to add value to the Funds by lowering volatility, raising the income level and enhancing risk-adjusted total return. [Subadviser E] believes that equities with rising dividends offer the opportunity for excess performance relative to broad market indices, with reduced volatility. [Subadviser E] views dividend growth as the best signal from management regarding future prospects for a company. [Subadviser E] believes that dividends also demonstrate that a company has earned what management claims it has earned, since dividends are paid in cash and that, over time, increases in dividends support increases in the price of the equity producing those dividends. [Subadviser E] has found that high quality plus high yield plus high growth of yield can provide an increased opportunity for high total return and that this is a powerful formula for achieving solid performance over time.
[Subadviser E]s strategy is to build portfolios of companies that in aggregate display the following characteristics: high financial strength, high dividend income, consistent history of paying and raising dividends, strong indication of growth of dividends, and management that is highly qualified and committed to the dividend and to increasing the dividend. [Subadviser E] believes that the consistency of current and future cash flows to investors is paramount. [Subadviser E] seeks to employ a bottom up process and diversification. [Subadviser E] strive to have as much diversification as possible while adhering to its general guidelines which are a function of stock selection rather than a rule or fixed percentage for each industry.
[Subadviser E] employs ESG criteria for building positions. By creating a financial profile for companies [Subadviser E] views as financially strong with high and rising income and combining that evaluation with a social and environmental profile, [Subadviser E] seeks to add an extra layer of due diligence to its investment process. We seek to invest in companies that have low business risk and companies that are sustainable both financially and socially.
[Subadviser F]
Investment Grade Fixed Income Strategy [Subadviser F] intends to invest the sleeve(s) it manages primarily in fixed income securities of all types, consistent with the [Subadviser F]s socially responsible investing criteria. The fixed income securities in which [Subadviser F]s sleeves will primarily invest include corporate bonds and notes, U.S. Government agency obligations, mortgage- backed securities and asset-backed securities. Certain securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government- sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. [Subadviser F] will consider purchasing fixed income securities for its sleeve(s) that [Affiliate of Subadviser F] believes provide a competitive rate of return relative to the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index. [Subadviser F] will structure its sleeve(s) using the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index as a guide in determining sector allocations. [Subadviser F] will seek to underweight and overweight certain sectors, depending on the relative value, while maintaining overall interest rate exposure substantially similar to the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index. [Subadviser F] will carefully consider selling a security that no longer meets the Funds ESG criteria. [Subadviser F] will consider using interest rate futures contracts and credit default swap agreements to manage interest rate and credit risk of its sleeve(s). In the event these structures are used, U.S. Treasury instruments may be purchased and deposited with the custodian or respective broker/dealer only to satisfy collateral requirements.
19
[Subadviser G]
Large Cap Blend Strategy [Subadviser G] intends to invest the sleeve(s) it manages mainly in common stocks of mid- to large-capitalization companies. [Subadviser G] seeks to reduce risk by investing across many different industries.
[Subadviser G] employs a research-driven and valuation sensitive approach to stock selection. [Subadviser G] seeks to identify stocks in well-positioned businesses that [Subadviser G] believes are undervalued in the market. [Subadviser G] looks for solid balance sheets, strong management teams with a track record of success, good cash flow, the prospect for above average earnings growth, and other valuation-related factors. Among companies that meet these criteria, [Subadviser G] looks for those that show leadership in three areas:
· environmental concerns;
· diversity in the work force; and
· progressive employment and workplace practices, and community relations.
[Subadviser H]
[Subadviser H] will manage two sleeve strategies:
Equity Income Strategy. [Subadviser H]s Equity Income Strategy seeks to achieve both current income and capital appreciation by investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities. Equity securities include common and preferred stock as well as convertible bonds. The Equity Income Strategy sleeve will normally be invested so as to emphasize equity securities that pay interest or dividends. The Equity Income Strategy sleeve also may be invested in non-dividend-paying equity securities, fixed-income securities and money-market instruments. Using a value-oriented investment process, [Subadviser H] seeks to invest in equity securities that pay dividends above the yield of the Standard & Poors 500 Index (S&P 500 Index), have the potential for capital appreciation and which [Subadviser H] believes have the capacity to raise dividends in the future. To determine a companys prospects, [Subadviser H] reviews the companys profit and loss statement, balance sheet, sales, earnings and dividend histories, net cash flow and outlook for future earnings.
Small Cap Strategy. With respect to its Small Cap Strategy sleeve, [Subadviser H] seeks to invest primarily in the stock of companies with market capitalizations under $3 billion at the time of initial purchase. These companies must, in [Subadviser H]s opinion, be undervalued, but they must also have good prospects for long-term growth and an identifiable catalyst that could move the stock higher in the succeeding 12 months.
Pax World Management Corp.
The Adviser will manage four sleeve strategies:
20
Equity Strategy. The Adviser may invest Equity Strategy sleeve(s) assets in securities of companies with any market capitalization and intends to focus on economic sectors that its investment adviser believes will outpace the overall rate of growth of the United States Gross Domestic Product.
ESG Shares FTSE KLD EAPS Sustainability Fund. To pursue this strategy, the Adviser will invest in an Underlying Pax ETF (the KLD ETF) that seeks investment returns that closely correspond to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the FTSE KLD Europe Asia Pacific SustainabilitySM Index (the Index), which is created and maintained by KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. (KLD).
The Index measures the performance of securities of issuers organized or operating in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, selected initially and adjusted annually using a KLD proprietary method. The selection process takes into account ESG performance, as well as region, sector and size. The Index includes companies from the following twenty-three developed market countries in Europe and the Asia Pacific region: Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. As of June 30, 2009, the Index included companies with market capitalizations that ranged from $269.2 million to $142.4 billion.
High Yield Bond Strategy. Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest at least 80% of each High Yield Bond strategy sleeves assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in high-yield, fixed income securities (such as bonds, notes and debentures) that are rated below BBB- by Standard & Poors Ratings Group or below Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service, similarly rated by another major rating service, or unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. These fixed income securities are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The Adviser anticipates that the dollar-weighted average maturity of the fixed income securities in each High Yield Bond strategy sleeves investment portfolio will be 10 years or less.
In determining which securities to buy for the High Yield Bond strategy sleeve(s), the Adviser considers, among other things, the financial history and condition of the issuer, its cash flow trends, analysts recommendations and the issuers outlook and management team. The Adviser may consider selling a particular security if any of the original reasons for purchase materially change, if a more attractive investment is identified, to meet redemption requests, or if a company no longer meets the Advisers environmental, social or governance standards. The Adviser generally employs fundamental analysis in making these determinations. Fundamental analysis involves the review of financial statements and other data to attempt to predict whether the price of an issuers security is undervalued or overvalued.
Treasury TIPS Strategy. Through the Treasury TIPS Strategy sleeve(s) the Adviser seeks to provide current income, safety of principal and protection against inflation by investing primarily in U.S. Treasury securities and securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities and corporations, including Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS). At a minimum, all bonds purchased for this Treasury TIPS Strategy sleeve(s) are expected to be investment grade.
The overall credit quality of this strategys sleeve(s) will depend on the quality of its underlying investments. Because this strategy emphasizes securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the average credit quality of the strategy sleeves holdings is expected to be high and, consequently, we anticipate that credit risk should be low for the strategys sleeve.
21
The Treasury TIPS Strategy sleeve(s) may sell holdings for a variety of reasons, such as to adjust a sleeves average maturity, to shift assets into or out of higher-yielding securities, or to adjust the sleeves allocation between TIPS and U.S. Treasury securities.
[Subadviser I]
World Stock Strategy Currently, [Subadviser I] anticipates that it may invest the sleeve(s) it manages in at least ten countries which may include: the United States, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, France and Australia.
[Subadviser I] selects stocks for their growth potential. When choosing foreign securities, [Subadviser I] may consider such factors as the condition and growth potential of the various economies and securities markets, currency and taxation policies and other pertinent financial, social, national and political factors.
[Subadviser J]
Emerging Markets Strategy [Subadviser J] intends to invest the sleeve(s) it manages in issuers and countries that [Subadviser J] believes offer the potential for capital growth. In identifying investments for its sleeve(s), [Subadviser J] considers a variety of factors, including the issuers likelihood of above average earnings growth, the securities attractive relative valuation, and whether the issuer enjoys proprietary advantages. [Subadviser J] may invest in securities of companies of any size, including companies with large, medium, and small market capitalizations, including micro-cap companies. [Subadviser J] may also purchase securities issued in initial public offerings (IPOs). In addition, [Subadviser J] considers the risk of local political and/or economic instability associated with particular countries and regions and the liquidity of local markets. [Subadviser J] generally sells securities when [Subadviser J] believes they are fully priced or to take advantage of other investments [Subadviser J] considers more attractive.
Sustainability (Environmental, Social and Governance) Criteria
The Funds Adviser and Sleeve Subadvisers apply a variety of sustainability or environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria to the Funds investments. Most of the Sleeve Subadvisers who manage different strategies within the Funds are asset managers with substantial experience in the field of sustainable investing. However, each of these Sleeve Subadvisers may also apply ESG criteria that differ from those applied by other Sleeve Subadvisers. The ESG criteria integrated by a particular Sleeve Subadviser into its investment approach may differ from the criteria applied by another Sleeve Subadviser, or the same criteria could be used by different Sleeve Subadvisers but weighted differently. Some Sleeve Subadvisers may have a more narrow focus on one set of ESG factors for example, they may focus solely on environmental criteria (the E in ESG). By bringing this diverse group of asset managers with various ESG approaches under one roof in a series of sleeves, the Funds provide investors with exposure to a variety of ESG approaches, and a variety of asset classes, in the field of sustainable investing or what some call socially responsible or green investing.
A small number of Sleeve Subadvisers may not ordinarily apply ESG criteria to the management of their other portfolios. These Sleeve Subadvisers have been chosen for the Funds because of
22
their investment management experience in an asset class where, in the determination of the Adviser and Morningstar Associates, there is no comparable Sleeve Subadviser available or appropriate who has prior ESG investing experience. In the case of these non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers, the Adviser intends to modify investment decision-making made by such Sleeve Subadvisers through the application of Pax Worlds ESG criteria.
The ESG criteria that the Adviser applies to the sleeves of the Funds it manages itself, as well as to assets or sleeves managed by so-called non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers, follows what the Adviser calls a sustainable investing approachinvesting in forward-thinking companies with more sustainable business models. The Adviser identifies those companies by combining rigorous financial analysis with equally rigorous environmental, social and governance analysis. The result, we believe, is an increased level of scrutiny that helps us identify better-managed companies that are leaders in their industries; that meet positive standards of corporate responsibility; and that focus on the long term.
The Adviser avoids investing in issuers that it determines are significantly involved in the manufacture of weapons or weapons-related products, manufacture tobacco products, or engage in unethical business practices.
In seeking to invest in companies with sustainable business models that meet positive standards of corporate responsibility, the Adviser seeks to invest in companies with positive corporate policies and practices in the following areas:
· Environment
· Workplace Practices
· Corporate Governance
· Community
· Product Integrity
The Advisers primary goal is to produce competitive returns for its investors. By integrating ESG criteria into its investment approach, the Adviser also seeks to promote peace, protect the environment, advance global equity and foster sustainable development.
Companies that the Funds invest in do not necessarily meet exemplary standards in all aspects of environmental, social and governance performance. The Adviser and Sleeve Subadvisers recognize that no company is perfect when it comes to corporate responsibility or sustainability. The Funds nonetheless endeavor to invest in companies that adhere to positive standards in these areas and deploy environmental, social and corporate governance criteria that are designed to assist us in identifying those investments. It is our belief that well-managed companies that maintain good relations with employees, consumers, communities, and the natural environment, and that strive to improve in those areas, will in the long run better serve investors as well.
For a more detailed discussion of the Advisers ESG criteria, plus information on the ESG criteria of each of the ESG Sleeve Subadvisers, please see the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
23
Sleeve Subadvisers with prior ESG experience are responsible for voting shareholder proxies with respect to the holdings in the sleeves they manage, while Pax World votes proxies for any sleeve it manages as well as sleeves managed by non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers. Sleeve Subadvisers with prior ESG experience use their own proxy voting criteria to determine how to vote in support of social responsibility.
The Funds intend to vote shareholder proxies in accordance with the Advisers and Sleeve Subadvisers ESG criteria, engage in dialogue with corporate management on issues of concern, initiate or support shareholder resolutions at annual stockholders meetings aimed at persuading companies to adopt higher standards of corporate responsibility and support public policy initiatives that promote greater corporate transparency, accountability and responsibility.
For the proxy voting policies of the Adviser and each Sleeve Subadviser with prior ESG experience, please see the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Portfolio Holdings
A description of each Funds policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Management, Organization and Capital Structure
Investment Adviser
Pax World Management Corp., 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801 (the Adviser), is the investment adviser for each of the Funds described in this prospectus pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust (the Management Contract). The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act), and has been an investment adviser since 1971. As of September 30, 2009, the Adviser had more than $2.3 billion in assets under management. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of the Management Contract will be available in the Funds annual report for the period ended December 31, 2009.
As investment adviser to each of the Funds, the Adviser has overall supervisory responsibility for: (i) the general management and oversight of investment of each Funds securities portfolio; (ii) the evaluation, selection and recommendation to the Board of Trustees of the hiring, termination and replacement of Morningstar Associates and Sleeve Subadvisers; and (iii) overseeing and monitoring the ongoing performance of Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers, including their compliance with the investment objectives, policies and limitations of the Funds.
Under the Management Contract, the Funds pay advisory fees to the Adviser based on the applicable Funds average daily net assets at an annual rate as follows:
|
Fund |
|
Annual Rate of Advisory Fee |
|
Aggressive Growth Portfolio |
|
[ ]% |
|
Growth Portfolio |
|
[ ]% |
|
Moderate Portfolio |
|
[ ]% |
|
Conservative Portfolio |
|
[ ]% |
24
Morningstar Associates and all Sleeve Subadvisers are compensated by the Adviser out of the advisory fees the Advisor receives pursuant to the Management Contract and not by the Funds directly.
Morningstar Associates
Morningstar Associates, LLC, 22 W. Washington, Chicago, Illinois 60602 is the portfolio construction adviser to each of the Funds pursuant to an asset allocation subadvisory agreement with the Adviser (the Asset Allocation Agreement). Morningstar Associates is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act, and has been an investment adviser since 1999. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of the Asset Allocation Agreement will be available in the Funds annual report for the period ended December 31, 2009.
As the portfolio construction adviser to the Adviser and each of the Funds, Morningstar Associates has primary responsibility for: (i) the design of the asset allocation strategy of each Fund, (ii) the amount of assets allocated to each Sleeve Subadviser and/or the Adviser, (iii) the evaluation, selection and recommendation to the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of hiring, termination and replacement of Sleeve Subadvisers to manage the assets of each Fund, and (iv) together with the Adviser, overseeing and monitoring the ongoing performance of Sleeve Subadvisers of each Fund.
The Adviser compensates Morningstar Associates out of the advisory fees it receives from the applicable Fund and as of the date of this Prospectus, the Adviser pays a fee to Morningstar Associates at an annual rate of [ ]% of the daily net assets of each Fund.
Sleeve Subadvisers
The Adviser may, with the prior approval of the Board of Trustees and the shareholders of the relevant Fund, engage persons or entities to serve as Sleeve Subadvisers to one or more Funds. In the event that the SEC issues an exemptive order permitting the Trust and the Adviser to adopt a manager of managers structure (as discussed above), the Adviser may, without shareholder approval, subject to certain conditions and with the approval of the Board of Trustees, (i) hire, terminate or replace Sleeve Subadvisers for the Funds, and (ii) change the terms of a subadvisory arrangement.
The Adviser has entered into separate Subadvisory Contracts with each Sleeve Subadviser and compensates each Sleeve Subadviser out of the investment advisory fees it receives from the applicable Fund. In general, the Sleeve Subadvisers have discretionary responsibility for investment of the Funds assets and the portfolio management of the Fund, but certain Sleeve Subadvisers may have non-discretionary responsibility for investment of their sleeve of the Fund. Each Sleeve Subadvisers investment management services may include buying and selling securities on behalf of the Funds, as well as conducting the research that leads to buy and sell decisions. Each Sleeve Subadviser is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under
25
the Advisers Act and has experience acting as investment adviser and/or subadviser to other registered investment companies.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of each Sleeve Subadvisers Subadvisory Contract will be available in the Funds annual report for the period ended December 31, 2009.
Portfolio Managers
The following provides additional information about the individual portfolio managers who have primary responsibility for determining the Funds asset allocations and managing the Funds investments. The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about (i) the portfolio managers compensation, (ii) other accounts, if any, managed by the portfolio managers, and (iii) the portfolio managers ownership of securities of any funds they manage.
Christopher H. Brown is Chief Investment Officer for the Adviser and is the Portfolio Manager of Pax World Balanced Fund and is a Co- Portfolio Manager of Pax World Growth Fund. He also manages the Pax World Equity Sleeve within the Funds. Mr. Brown has been responsible for the management of the Pax World Balanced Fund since 1998 and for the management of the Pax World Growth Fund since November 2006. Mr. Brown is a graduate of the Boston University School of Management with a concentration in Finance.
Anthony Trzcinka is a Co-Portfolio Manager of Pax World Growth Fund and an Assistant Portfolio Manager for the Pax World Balanced Fund. He also manages the Pax World Treasuries/TIPS Sleeve within the Funds. Mr. Trzcinka has been responsible for the management of Pax World Growth Fund since November 2006 and has been a portfolio manager with the Adviser since 2003. Before joining the Adviser, Mr. Trzcinka spent over 3 years at AEW Capital Management as an Assistant Vice President, and prior to that had more than 10 years of overall finance experience. Mr. Trzcinka has a Masters of Business Administration from Northeastern University, a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Massachusetts and is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Mr. Trzcinka is a member of the Boston Security Analyst Society and the CFA institute.
Mary V. Austin, CFA, is the Portfolio Manager of Pax World High Yield Bond Fund. She also manages the Pax World High Yield Bond Sleeve within the Funds. Ms. Austin has been involved in the management of Pax World High Yield Bond Fund since 1999 and has been a portfolio manager with the Adviser since December 2005. Ms. Austin received her Bachelor of Business Administration in Public Accounting from Pace University. Ms. Austin is a Chartered Financial Analyst and a member of the New York Society of Securities Analysts.
Morningstar Associates. The Funds are managed by the following portfolio construction team at Morningstar Associates:
Jon Hale, Ph.D., CFA, is Managing Consultant for Morningstar Associates, LLC. Mr. Hale joined Morningstar, Inc. in 1995 as a mutual-fund analyst, before helping launch Morningstars Institutional Investment Consulting Group in 1998. From 2000-2001, Mr. Hale served on the management team at Domini Social Investments, LLC. In 2001, Mr. Hale rejoined the consulting group, which had become Morningstar Associates, LLC, as a senior consultant. Since 2006, he
26
has been a member of the portfolio construction team that oversees asset allocation and multi-manager portfolios. In 2009, he was named Managing Consultant for Morningstar Associates. Prior to joining Morningstar, he taught at several universities. Mr. Hale holds a B.A. with Honors from the University of Oklahoma and a Ph.D. in political science from Indiana University.
In addition to Mr. Hale, Morningstar Associates utilizes a number of other internal asset allocation consultants that serve as an investment resource to the team.
Peter DiTeresa is a Senior Investment Consultant for Morningstar Associates. Mr. DiTeresa, who joined Morningstar Associates in 2003, oversees various asset-allocation programs and multi-manager portfolios. Mr. DiTeresa joined Morningstar, Inc. in 1995 as a mutual-fund analyst. He holds a B.A. with Honors from the University of Chicago and an M.A. from Harvard University.
How Share Price Is Determined
The net asset value per share (NAV) of each class of a Funds shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds net assets attributable to that class (i.e., the value of its securities and other assets less its liabilities, including expenses payable or accrued, but excluding capital stock and surplus) by the total number of shares outstanding of that class.
The NAV of the Funds is determined ordinarily as of the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) (the NYSE Close) on the New York Stock Exchange on each day (a Business Day) that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.
The Funds investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at market value. Market values for various types of securities and other instruments are determined on the basis of closing prices or last sales prices on an exchange or other market, or based on quotes or other market information obtained from quotation reporting systems, established market makers or pricing services. Please see Purchase, Redemption, Exchange and Pricing of Fund Shares in the Statement of Additional Information. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost.
If market quotations are not readily available (including in cases when available market quotations are deemed to be unreliable), the Funds investments will be valued as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Trustees (so called fair value pricing). Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset, and fair values used to determine a Funds NAV may differ from quoted or published prices, or from prices that are used by others, for the same investments. Also, the use of fair value pricing may not always result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets held by a Fund.
The Funds may determine that market quotations are not readily available due to events relating to a single issuer (e.g., corporate actions or announcements) or events relating to multiple issuers (e.g., governmental actions or natural disasters). The Funds may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors,
27
which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, the Funds may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and the usual time of valuation. The Funds use of fair value pricing may help deter short-term trading activity as discussed below under Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares.
For purposes of calculating NAV, the Funds normally use pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and do not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities, subject to possible fair value adjustments. Information that becomes known to the Funds or their agents after NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or NAV determined earlier that day.
Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, NAV of a Funds shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of investments traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the New York Stock Exchange is closed, and the net asset value of a Funds shares may change on days when an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Shareholder Guide
Choosing a Share Class
Each Fund offers Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares. Each share class represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you and your financial representative to choose the class that best suits your investment needs.
Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:
· how long you expect to own the shares;
· how much you intend to invest;
· total expenses associated with owning shares of each class;
· whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges (for example, Class A shares may be a less expensive option over time, particularly if you qualify for a sales charge reduction or waiver);
· whether you plan to take any distributions in the near future; and
· availability of share classes.
Each investors financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial representative to help you decide which share class is best for you.
28
Summary of the primary differences among share classes
Class A shares
Initial sales charge: up to 5.75% (reduced for purchases of $50,000 or more and eliminated for purchases of $1 million or more)
Contingent deferred sales charge: none (except that a charge of 1.00% applies to certain redemptions made within one year following purchases of $1 million or more without an initial sales charge)
12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees: up to .50% annually
Dividends: generally higher than Class C due to lower 12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees, but may be lower than Institutional Class shares, due to 12b-1 fees
Class C shares
Initial sales charge: none
Contingent deferred sales charge: 1.00% if shares are sold within one year after purchase
12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees: up to 1.00% annually
Dividends generally lower than other classes due to higher 12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees and other expenses
Purchase maximum: Orders for class C shares of one or more Funds, other than Class C shares sold to qualified employee-benefit plans, will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of Class A shares (as described below), is $1 million or more. Because Class A shares have a lower 12b-1 fee and no shareholder servicing fee, and the initial sales charge is eliminated for shares purchases of $1 million or more, investors considering cumulative purchases of up to $1 million should consider whether Class A shares would be more advantageous, and consult their financial representative.
Institutional Class shares
Initial sales charge: none
Contingent deferred sales charge: none (except that a charge of 1.00% applies to certain redemptions made within one year following purchases of $1 million or more without an initial sales charge)
Dividends: generally higher than other classes due to absence of 12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees
Purchase minimum: $5 million
How to Purchase Shares
The Funds encourage you to consult with a financial representative who can help you with your investment decisions and who can help you open an account. Your financial representative may obtain an account application from [the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] or by contacting Pax World at [800. . ]. The completed application, along with a check made payable to the ESG Managers Funds (or any other form of payment acceptable to the Funds in their discretion), must then be returned to Pax World Funds at the following address:
29
|
by regular mail to: |
|
or, by overnight delivery to: |
|
|
|
|
|
ESG Managers Funds |
|
ESG Managers Funds |
|
P.O. Box 9824 |
|
101 Sabin Street |
|
Providence, RI 02940-8024 |
|
Pawtucket, RI 02860-1427 |
|
|
|
Toll-Free Telephone: [800. . ] |
Please note that the Trust cannot accept money orders or cashiers, third-party, traveler or starter checks.
Investors wishing to pay for shares by wire transfer (or by any other payment method) should contact Pax World at [800 - ].
Share purchases will not be processed until full payment is received. Share ownership shall be recorded on the books of the transfer agent in an account under the purchasers name, and a confirmation of the purchase will be issued to the purchaser showing the account number and the number of shares owned.
Investment Minimums
Shares of the Funds are offered for sale on a continuous basis at the offering price, which is NAV plus any applicable sales charges (Class A only). Generally, share purchases are subject to the minimum investment amounts set forth below. A shareholders financial advisor may establish higher investment minimums.
|
|
|
Minimum |
|
Minimum Subsequent |
|
||
|
|
|
Initial Investment |
|
Investment |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Class A |
|
$ |
250 |
|
$ |
50 |
|
|
Class C |
|
250 |
|
50 |
|
||
|
Institutional Class |
|
5,000,000 |
|
0 |
|
||
Each Fund may waive investment minimums and any applicable service fees for initial and subsequent purchases for investors who purchase shares through (1) certain omnibus accounts, (2) certain wrap-fee programs that offer asset allocation services and charge an asset-based feel, and (3) certain employer-sponsored retirement plans. In addition, each Fund may waive investment minimums and any applicable service fees in other circumstances at its discretion.
Sales Charges
Class A shares
The initial sales charge you pay each time you buy Class A shares differs depending upon the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. The offering price, the price you pay to buy shares, includes any applicable sales charge, which will be deducted directly from your investment. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions are not subject to an initial sales charge.
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dealer |
|
|
|
|
Sales charge as a |
|
commission |
|
||
|
|
|
percentage of: |
|
as a |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
Net |
|
percentage |
|
|
|
|
Offering |
|
amount |
|
of offering |
|
|
Investment |
|
price |
|
invested |
|
price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $50,000 |
|
5.75 |
% |
6.10 |
% |
5.00 |
% |
|
$50,000 but less than $100,000 |
|
4.50 |
|
4.71 |
|
3.75 |
|
|
$100,000 but less than $250,000 |
|
3.50 |
|
3.63 |
|
2.75 |
|
|
$250,000 but less than $500,000 |
|
2.50 |
|
2.56 |
|
2.00 |
|
|
$500,000 but less than $1 million |
|
2.00 |
|
2.04 |
|
1.60 |
|
|
$1 million or more and certain other investments described below |
|
none |
|
none |
|
see below |
|
The sales charge, expressed as a percentage of the offering price or the net amount invested, may be higher or lower than the percentages described in the table above due to rounding. This is because the dollar amount of the sales charge is determined by subtracting the net asset value of the shares purchased from the offering price, which is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The impact of rounding will vary with the size of the investment and the net asset value of the shares. Similarly, any contingent deferred sales charge paid by you on investments in Class A shares may be higher or lower than the 1% charge described below due to rounding.
Except as provided below, investments in Class A shares of $1 million or more may be subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if the shares are sold within one year of purchase. The contingent deferred sales charge is based on the original purchase cost or the current market value of the shares being sold, whichever is less. The distributor may pay dealers up to 1.00% on investments made in Class A shares with no initial sales charge. The Funds may reimburse the distributor for these payments through its plans of distribution (see Distribution Arrangements in this prospectus).
Class A shares Not Subject to a Sales Charge
The following investments are not subject to any initial or contingent deferred sales charge if the Funds are properly notified of the nature of the investment:
· Investments made by accounts that are part of certain qualified fee-based programs through an investment dealers load-waived Class A share program;
· Investments in Class A shares made by endowments or foundations with $10 million or more in assets;
· Investments made through an employer-sponsored retirement plan, provided its plan administrator or dealer of record has entered into an agreement with the Funds or it invests at least $1 million in Class A shares of the Funds; and
· Certain rollover investments from retirement plans to IRAs (see Rollovers from retirement plans to IRAs in this prospectus for more information).
Certain other investors may qualify to purchase shares without a sales charge, such as employees of investment dealers and registered investment advisers authorized to sell the Funds and employees of the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers. Please see the statement of additional
31
information for more information about reductions and waivers of sales charges, including deferred sales charges. You may consult your financial representative or the Funds for assistance.
Class C shares
There is no front-end sales charge for Class C shares, but if you sell the shares within one year after purchase, you will have to pay a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends or capital gains are not subject to a CDSC.
Deferred sales charges Class C and certain Class A shares:
A deferred sales charge of 1.00% will apply to Class C shares if redeemed within one year of purchase. Unless otherwise agreed with Adviser, Class A shares that are part of a purchase of $1 million or more (other than by a qualified retirement plan) will be subject to a 1.00% deferred sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. Please see the Funds Statement of Additional Information for more information. Deferred sales charges will be based on the lower of the shares cost and current NAV. Shares not subject to any charge will be redeemed first, followed by shares held longest. You may sell shares acquired by reinvestment of distributions without a charge at any time.
SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS:
The Funds offer two principal ways for you to qualify for discounts on initial sales charges on Class A shares, often referred to as breakpoint discounts:
Right of accumulation. You can add the amount of your current purchases of Class A shares of one or more of the Funds to the value of your existing accounts in the Funds to obtain a breakpoint discount. Individuals can also include purchases by, and accounts owned by, their spouse and minor children, including accounts established through different financial representatives.
For your current purchases, you will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total value of the linked accounts and purchases, which may be lower than the sales charge otherwise applicable to each of your current purchases.
To calculate the total value of your existing accounts and any linked accounts, the Funds will use the current maximum public offering price of those shares.
Statement of intention. A statement of intention is a document in which you agree to make purchases of Class A shares in a specified amount within a period of 13 months. For each purchase you make under the statement of intention, you will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total amount you have agreed to purchase. While a statement of intention is not a binding obligation on you, if you do not purchase the full amount of shares within 13 months, the applicable Fund or Funds will redeem shares from your account in an amount equal to the difference between the higher initial sales charge you would have paid in the absence of the statement of intention and the initial sales charge you actually paid.
32
Account types that may be linked with each other to obtain breakpoint discounts using the methods described above include:
· Individual accounts
· Joint accounts
· Accounts established as part of a retirement plan and IRA accounts (some restrictions may apply)
· Shares of the Funds owned through accounts in the name of your dealer or other financial intermediary (with documentation identifying beneficial ownership of shares)
In order to obtain a breakpoint discount, you must inform the Funds or your financial representative at the time you purchase shares of the existence of other accounts or purchases that are eligible to be linked for the purpose of calculating the initial sales charge. If you do not let the Funds or your financial representative know that you are eligible for a discount, you may not receive a reduced sales charge to which you are entitled. The Funds or your financial representative may ask you for records or other information about other shares held in your accounts and linked accounts, including accounts opened with a different financial representative. Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and transactions. Further details about breakpoint discounts can be found in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Additional reductions and waivers of sales charges.
In addition to the breakpoint discount methods described above, sales charges may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances and for certain categories of investors.
Contingent deferred sales charge waivers
The contingent deferred sales charge on Class A and Class C shares may be waived in the following cases:
· permitted exchanges of shares, except if shares acquired by exchange are then redeemed within the period during which a contingent deferred sales charge would apply to the initial shares purchased;
· tax-free returns of excess contributions to IRAs;
· redemptions due to death or postpurchase disability of the shareholder (this generally excludes accounts registered in the names of trusts and other entities);
· redemptions due to the complete termination of a trust upon the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, but only if such termination is specifically provided for in the trust document; and
· the following types of transactions, if together they do not exceed 12% of the value of an account annually (see the statement of additional information for more information about waivers regarding these types of transactions):
· redemptions due to receiving required minimum distributions from retirement accounts upon reaching age 70 ½ (required minimum distributions that continue to be taken by the beneficiary(ies) after the account owner is deceased also qualify for a waiver); and
33
· if you have established an automatic withdrawal plan, redemptions through such a plan (including any dividends and/or capital gain distributions taken in cash).
Rollovers from retirement plans to IRAs
Assets from retirement plans may be invested in Class A or Class C shares through an IRA rollover, subject to the other provisions of this prospectus. Rollovers invested in Class A shares from retirement plans will be subject to applicable sales charges. However, rollovers IRAs invested in Class A shares will be made without a sales charge if the assets being rolled over were invested in the Funds at the time of distribution.
IRA rollover assets that roll over without a sales charge as described above will not be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and investment dealers will be compensated solely with an annual service fee that begins to accrue immediately. IRA rollover assets invested in Class A shares that are not attributable to a Funds investments, as well as future contributions to the IRA, will be subject to sales charges and the terms and conditions generally applicable to Class A share investments as described in this Prospectus and the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Right of reinvestment
Subject to the Funds policies regarding frequent purchase and redemption of Fund shares, you may reinvest proceeds from a redemption, dividend payment or capital gain distribution of Class A shares in any Fund without a sales charge provided that the reinvestment occurs within 90 days after the date of the redemption or distribution and is made into the same account from which you redeemed the shares or received the distribution. In order to take advantage of this privilege, you must notify the Fund or your broker/dealer at the time of the repurchase. The Funds reserve the right to modify or eliminate this privilege at any time without notice to shareholders.
In General
Generally, if a purchase order is received in proper form by the Trusts transfer agent by the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (usually 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on a business day, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined as of that day (plus any applicable sales charges); otherwise, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value next determined (plus any applicable sales charges).
There are certain exceptions when an order is received by a broker or dealer prior to the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange and then transmitted to the transfer agent after the net asset value has been calculated for that day (in which case the order may be processed at that days net asset value, plus any applicable sales charges). In such cases, it is the financial institutions responsibility to transmit orders so that they will be received by the Trusts transfer agent (or such other entity) on a timely basis.
Investors who purchase shares through certain benefit plans should be aware that plan administrators may aggregate purchase, redemption and exchange orders for participants in the
34
plan. Therefore, there may be a delay between the time the investor places an order with the plan administrator and the time the order is forwarded to the transfer agent for execution.
The Trust does not process orders on days when the New York Stock Exchange is closed. If a purchase order is received by the transfer agent on a day when the New York Stock Exchange is closed, it will be processed on the next succeeding day when the New York Stock Exchange is open (at the succeeding days net asset value, plus any applicable sales charges.)
The Trust reserves the right to refuse a purchase if, in the judgment of the Adviser, the purchase would adversely affect the Funds and their shareholders. In particular, the Trust and the Adviser each reserve the right to utilize various measures including, but not limited to, restricting purchases of Fund shares or closing an account when a pattern of frequent purchases and sales made in response to short-term fluctuations in share price appears evident. Notice of any such restrictions will vary according to the particular circumstances.
Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain and record personal information about an investor to verify the investors identity. If an investor refuses to provide such information, the Funds and other financial institutions may be unable to open an account for such investor. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase order (including via an exchange) or to suspend or to modify the continuous offering of shares. The Funds further reserve the right to close an account (or to take such other steps as the Funds deem reasonable) for any lawful reason, including but not limited to the suspicion of fraud or other illegal activity in connection with the account.
Share Certificates The Funds do not issue share certificates.
Financial Advisors A shareholders financial advisor can help the shareholder purchase shares. A financial advisor may independently establish and charge transaction fees and/or other additional amounts for such services, which may change over time. These fees and additional amounts could reduce a shareholders investment returns on shares of the Funds.
Purchasing Additional Shares
Investing by Mail
Shareholders may purchase additional shares of the Funds by mailing a check to the address above under the caption How to Purchase Shares. Checks for subsequent purchases should be payable to the ESG Managers Funds and should clearly indicate the account number and Fund name. A written confirmation of the purchase transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record. Please note that shares purchased by check are not immediately available for redemption. See the section captioned How to Sell Shares below for more information.
Investing by Telephone
In order to purchase additional shares of the Funds by telephone, a shareholder must:
· authorize telephone purchases and provide bank information for electronic (ACH) transfers on his or her initial application form or on an Optional Account Services form (the
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Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); and then
· telephone Pax World toll-free at [800. . ], Monday through Friday (except holidays) between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Eastern time.
For shareholder protection and to prevent fraudulent purchases, telephone calls may be recorded, and shareholders will be asked to verify their account information. A written confirmation of the purchase transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
The Funds reserve the right to cancel any telephone purchase order for which electronic (ACH) payment has not been received by the next business day following the date on which the order is received. Please note that shares purchased by electronic (ACH) transfer are not immediately available for redemption. See the section captioned How to Sell Shares below for more information.
Investing by Wire Transfer
In order to purchase additional shares of the Funds by wire transfer, a shareholder must:
· telephone Pax World toll-free at [800. . ] to notify Pax World of the shareholders intent to purchase shares of the Fund by wire transfer; and then
· instruct his or her bank to transfer funds by wire to the following account:
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Bank Name: |
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PNC Bank, Philadelphia, PA |
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ABA Number: |
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031000053 |
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Account Name: |
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Pax World Mutual Funds |
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Account No.: |
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8551007715 |
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Further Credit: |
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Fund Name, Share Class, Shareholder |
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Name and Shareholder Account Number |
A written confirmation of the purchase transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record. Shares will be purchased at the net asset value next determined after the wire is received.
Investing Online
In order to purchase additional shares of the Funds online, a shareholder must:
· authorize online purchases and provide bank information for electronic (ACH) transfers on his or her initial application form or an Optional Account Services form (the Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); and then
· go to the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com], use his or her Login ID and password to access his or her account and follow the on-screen instructions to purchase
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shares.
A written confirmation of the purchase transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
The Funds reserve the right to cancel any online purchase order for which electronic (ACH) payment has not been received by the next business day following the date on which the order is received. Please note that shares purchased by electronic (ACH) transfer are not immediately available for redemption. See the section captioned How to Sell Shares below for more information.
Automatic Investment Plan Under the [Pax World] Automatic Investment Plan, a shareholder may make regular monthly or quarterly purchases of shares via an automatic debit from a bank account. For additional information about this service, please contact Pax World toll-free at [800. . ] between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Eastern time, or visit the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com].
How to Sell Shares
Financial Advisors A shareholders financial advisor can help the shareholder redeem shares. A financial advisor may independently establish and charge transaction fees and/or other additional amounts for such services, which may change over time. These fees and additional amounts could reduce a shareholders investment returns on shares of the Funds.
Shareholders may redeem (sell) shares of a Fund as described below for cash at the net asset value per share next determined after the Funds transfer agent receives a redemption request in proper form (less any applicable CDSC fee). A redemption request must be in writing and the signature(s) on the redemption request (and on the share certificates or stock transfer power, if the shares are certificated) must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution if the proceeds of the redemption:
· exceed $50,000;
· are to be paid to a person other than the record owner;
· are to be sent (i) to an address other than the address on the transfer agents records or (ii) within 30 days after the transfer agent has been notified of an address change;
· are being sent by wire or ACH transfer to a bank account other than the one that is preauthorized on the transfer agents records; or
· are to be paid to a corporation, partnership or fiduciary.
An eligible guarantor institution includes any domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association or other financial institution that participates in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Agents Association. The three recognized medallion programs are:
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· Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP);
· Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP); and
· New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program (MSP).
Signature guarantees made by entities that are not a part of these programs will not be accepted. Please note that financial institutions participating in a recognized medallion program may still be ineligible to provide a signature guarantee for transactions of greater than a certain dollar amount. The Trusts transfer agent reserves the right to request additional information from, and to make reasonable inquiries of, any eligible guarantor institution.
Generally, payment for shares redeemed will be made by check, electronic (ACH) transfer or wire transfer within seven days after receipt by the Trusts transfer agent of the redemption request in proper form. Redemptions and/or payments for shares redeemed may be suspended for more than seven days when trading on the New York Stock Exchange is restricted or during an emergency that makes it impractical for the Funds to dispose of their securities or to determine fairly the value of their net assets, or during any other period permitted by the SEC for the protection of investors. The Funds charge a fee of $10.00 for each wire redemption.
Shares purchased by check or electronic (ACH) transfer are held in escrow by the Trusts transfer agent until the check has been collected or the payment has been received, which may take up to 10 days. Payment for shares redeemed will be delayed in such cases until the transfer agent has confirmed receipt of payment for such shares.
Redeeming by Mail
A shareholder may request a redemption of up to $50,000 by written request signed by all account owners exactly as their names appear on the records of the Trusts transfer agent. If a corporation, partnership, trust or fiduciary requests redemption, written evidence of authority acceptable to the transfer agent must be submitted before the redemption request will be processed. Written redemption requests and all related documents and instruments should be directed to the transfer agent:
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by regular mail to: |
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or, by overnight delivery to: |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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P.O. Box 9824 |
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101 Sabin Street |
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Providence, RI 02940-8024 |
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Pawtucket, RI 02860-1427 |
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Toll-Free Telephone: [800. . ] |
Redeeming by Telephone
A shareholder may request a redemption of at least $1,000 by telephone. Telephone redemptions may not exceed $50,000 in the aggregate during any 30-day period. The proceeds from a telephone redemption may be paid only to the record owner(s), may be sent only to the record
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address or to a pre-authorized bank account and cannot be made within 30 days after the transfer agent has been notified of an address change for the account. If there are multiple record owners, the transfer agent may rely upon the instructions of only one record owner.
In order to redeem shares by telephone, a shareholder must:
· authorize telephone redemptions on his or her initial application form or on an Optional Account Services form (the Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); and then
· telephone Pax World toll-free at [800. . ], Monday through Friday (except holidays) between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Eastern time.
For shareholder protection and to prevent fraudulent redemptions, telephone calls may be recorded, and shareholders will be asked to verify their account information. A written confirmation of the redemption transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
Redeeming Online
A shareholder may request a redemption of no more than $50,000 online. The proceeds from an online redemption may be paid only to the record owner(s), may be sent only to the record address or to a preauthorized bank account and cannot be made within 30 days after the transfer agent has been notified of an address change for the account. If there are multiple record owners, the transfer agent may rely upon the instructions of only one record owner.
In order to redeem shares online, a shareholder must:
· authorize online redemptions on his or her initial application form or an Optional Account Services form (the Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); then
· go to the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com], use his or her Login ID and password to access his or her account and follow the on-screen instructions to redeem shares.
A written confirmation of the redemption transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
In General
Redemptions of Fund shares may be suspended when trading on the New York Stock Exchange is restricted or during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Funds to dispose of their securities or to determine fairly the value of their net assets, or during any other period as permitted by the SEC for the protection of investors. Under these and other unusual circumstances, the Funds may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted by law.
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Involuntary Redemptions Due to the relatively high costs of maintaining small accounts, shareholders are asked to maintain an account balance in a Fund equal to at least the minimum investment necessary to open the account. The Trust reserves the right to redeem all shares held by any shareholder, other than an individual retirement account (IRA) or other tax-deferred retirement plan shareholder, whose account has a balance in an amount less than the minimum investment necessary to open the account. [The Trust will give any shareholder subject to involuntary redemption 60 days prior written notice, during which time the shareholder may purchase sufficient additional shares to avoid involuntary redemption. A shareholders Fund account will not be liquidated if the reduction in size is due solely to decline in market value of a shareholders Fund shares.]
How to Exchange Shares
In General
Financial Advisors A shareholders financial advisor can help the shareholder exchange shares. A financial advisor may independently establish and charge transaction fees and/or other additional amounts for such services, which may change over time. These fees and additional amounts could reduce a shareholders investment returns on shares of the Funds.
A shareholder may exchange shares of any Fund within the ESG Managers Asset Allocation Portfolios for shares of the same class of any other Fund within the ESG Managers Asset Allocation Portfolios, subject to the minimum investment requirements of such classes and to the frequent purchase and redemptions policies described below. In addition, an exchange will be treated as a redemption and purchase for tax purposes and any gain on such transaction may be subject to federal income tax, except that an exchange of shares between two classes of the same Fund generally is not a taxable exchange. Shares are exchanged on the basis of their respective net asset values, next determined after the transfer agent receives the exchange request in proper form.
The Trust reserves the right to suspend exchange privileges on any account if the Adviser determines that the accounts exchange activity is likely to adversely affect its ability to manage the Funds. See the section below captioned Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares.
Exchanging by Mail
Shareholders may exchange shares of a Fund by mailing an exchange request:
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by regular mail to: |
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or, by overnight delivery to: |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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P.O. Box 9824 |
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101 Sabin Street |
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Providence, RI 02940-8024 |
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Pawtucket, RI 02860-1427 |
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Toll-Free Telephone: [800. . ] |
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Exchanging by Telephone
In order to exchange shares by telephone, a shareholder must:
· authorize telephone exchanges on his or her initial application form or on an Optional Account Services form (the Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); and then
· telephone Pax World toll-free at [800. . ], Monday through Friday (except holidays) between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Eastern time.
For shareholder protection and to prevent fraudulent exchanges, telephone calls may be recorded, and shareholders will be asked to verify their account information. A written confirmation of the exchange transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
Exchanging Online
In order to exchange shares online, a shareholder must:
· authorize online exchanges on his or her initial application form or an Optional Account Services form (the Optional Account Services form is available at the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] and may be requested by calling Pax World toll-free at [800. . ]); and then
· go to Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com], use his or her Login ID and password to access his or her account and follow the on-screen instructions to exchange shares.
A written confirmation of the exchange transaction will be sent to the shareholder at his or her address of record.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
The Trust generally encourages shareholders to invest in the Funds as part of a long-term investment strategy. The interests of the Funds long-term shareholders may be adversely affected by certain short-term trading activity by Fund shareholders. Such short-term trading activity, when excessive, has the potential to interfere with efficient portfolio management, to generate transaction and other costs, to dilute the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders and otherwise to adversely affect the Funds. This type of excessive short-term trading activity is referred to herein as frequent purchases and redemptions. The Funds are not intended as a vehicle for frequent purchases and redemptions.
Accordingly, the Trusts Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to discourage, and otherwise to limit the negative affects of, frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by Fund shareholders. These policies and procedures require the Funds to:
· actively monitor daily purchases and redemptions in order to detect and prevent excessive and disruptive trading practices; and
· use fair value pricing when market prices are not readily available.
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The policies and procedures described above are intended to deter frequent purchases and redemptions in the Funds. However, there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures, individually or collectively, will be totally effective in this regard. A substantial portion of purchase, redemption and exchange orders are received through omnibus accounts. Omnibus accounts, in which purchases and sales of Fund shares by multiple investors are aggregated for presentation to the Funds on a net basis, conceal the identity of individual investors from the Funds because the financial intermediary maintains the record of underlying beneficial owners. In addition, certain financial intermediaries have different policies regarding monitoring and restricting frequent purchases and redemptions in the underlying beneficial owner accounts that they maintain through an omnibus account that may be more or less restrictive than the Funds practices discussed above.
The Trusts Board of Trustees reserves the right to amend its policies and procedures at any time and from time to time in its sole discretion, without prior notice to shareholders.
Taxes, Dividends and Distributions
For further details about payments made to financial service firms, please see Additional Payments to Financial Intermediaries below and Distribution in the Statement of Additional Information.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal tax considerations generally applicable to investments in a Fund. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax adviser about foreign, federal, state, local or other tax laws applicable to you.
Each of the Funds intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If a Fund so qualifies and satisfies certain distribution requirements, such Fund will ordinarily not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net investment income (which includes short-term capital gains) and net capital gains that it distributes to shareholders. Each Fund expects to distribute all or substantially all of its income and gains to shareholders every year. If a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any taxable year, the Fund would be subject to fund-level taxation, and consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than by how long you have owned your shares. Properly designated distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year are generally taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains.
Distributions of gains from investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less and gains on the sale of bonds characterized as market discount are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. For the taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011,
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distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income are taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided that both you and the relevant Fund meet certain holding period and other requirements. Distributions are taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid). Distributions are taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. Distributions may also be subject to state and local taxes. Distributions by a Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax adviser to determine the suitability of a Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax treatment of distributions from such a plan.
A Funds investments in certain debt obligations may cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) in order to satisfy its distribution requirements.
Due to the multi-manager approach employed by the Funds, certain of the Funds investments may be more likely to be subject to one or more special tax rules (including, but not limited to, wash sale, constructive sale, short sale, and straddle rules) that may affect the timing, character and/or amount of a Funds distributions to shareholders. See Taxation of the Funds in the Statement of Additional Information for more information about the tax consequences of specific Fund investment practices and investments.
A Funds investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes. In that case, a Funds return on those investments would be decreased. Generally, shareholders of the Funds will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to any foreign taxes withheld from or paid by a Fund. In addition, a Funds investment in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Funds distributions. A Funds use of derivatives may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders and therefore may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.
Any gain resulting from the redemption, sale or exchange of your shares will generally also be subject to tax. If you exchange shares of one Fund for shares of another Fund, this will be treated as a redemption of Fund shares and purchase of new Fund shares and any gain realized on the redemption portion of the transaction generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
A Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax from all taxable distributions and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to provide the Fund with correct taxpayer identification numbers or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability.
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Special tax considerations apply to foreign persons investing in a Fund. Foreign persons are urged to consult the Statement of Additional Information for more information.
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The tax information provided in this prospectus is general information and may not apply to a shareholder if he or she is investing through a tax-deferred account such as an IRA or a qualified employee benefit plan. This information is based on current tax laws and regulations, which may change (possibly with retroactive effect). Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding their particular tax situation (under federal, state, local, and foreign tax laws). More information about taxes is contained in the Statement of Additional Information.
Dividends and Distributions
Each Fund distributes substantially all of its net investment income to shareholders in the form of dividends. Dividends paid by each Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, but dividends on Class A and Class C shares are expected to be lower than dividends on Institutional Class shares as a result of the distribution fees applicable to Class A and Class C shares.
The Funds expect to pay dividends of net investment income, if any, semiannually and to make distributions of capital gains, if any, at least annually. Dividends generally represent interest and dividends earned from securities held by a Fund, net of expenses incurred by that Fund. Capital gains generally represent net long-term capital gains on sales of securities held for more than 12 months and net short-term capital gains on sales of securities held for 12 months or less.
Shareholders may elect one of the following options for receipt of their dividend and capital gain distributions, if any:
· Reinvest all distributions in additional shares of the same class of the Fund. This will be done unless the shareholder elects another option.
· Reinvest all distributions in shares of the same class another Fund at net asset value. The shareholder must have an account existing in the Fund selected for investment with the identical registered name. The shareholder must elect this option on his or her account application or by a telephone request to the transfer agent.
· Receive dividends in cash (see options below) and reinvest capital gains in additional shares of the same class of the Fund or another Fund at net asset value.
· Reinvest dividends in additional shares of the same class of the Fund or another Fund at net asset value and receive capital gains in cash (see options below).
· Receive all distributions in cash by one of the following methods:
· Send the check to the shareholders address of record.
· Send the check to a third party address.
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· Transfer the money to the shareholders bank via electronic (ACH) transfer.
Shareholders should elect an option by sending written instructions to the transfer agent:
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by regular mail to: |
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or, by overnight delivery to: |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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ESG Managers Funds |
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P.O. Box 9824 |
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101 Sabin Street |
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Providence, RI 02940-8024 |
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Pawtucket, RI 02860-1427 |
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Toll-Free Telephone: [800. . ] |
If a shareholder elects to have distributions reinvested in shares of a Fund, a confirmation of any reinvestment will be made through a quarterly statement sent to the shareholder by the transfer agent at such shareholders address of record.
Important Note Regarding
Lost Shareholders
If a shareholder elects to receive Fund distributions in cash and the postal or other delivery service is unable to deliver checks to such shareholders address of record, the Funds transfer agent will hold the returned checks for such shareholders benefit in a non-interest bearing account until they escheat to a state under applicable law.
Distribution Arrangements
Rule 12b-1 Plans
Each Fund has adopted a plan (a 12b-1 Plan) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allows it to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Class A and Class C shares. The annual fees may equal up to 0.50% for Class A or up to 0.75% for Class C of the average daily net assets allocable to such classes of shares of a Fund.
In addition to the 12b-1 Plan, each Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (a Services Plan) with respect to Class C shares. Under each Services Plan, up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets allocable to Class C shares of the Fund may be used to pay service fees to qualified dealers for providing certain shareholder services (e.g., personal services rendered to such shareholders and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts).
Because distribution and service fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, over time these expenses will increase the cost and reduce the return of your investment. The higher fees for Class C shares may cost you more over time than paying the initial sales charge and 12b-1 fee for Class A shares.
Payment for Sub-Transfer Agency Services (need to determine if we need this section) The Funds may make payments to financial intermediaries (such as brokers or third party administrators) for providing shareholder services to shareholders holding Fund shares in nominee or street name, including, without limitation, the following services: processing and mailing trade confirmations, monthly statements, prospectuses, annual reports, semi-annual
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reports, and shareholder notices and other SEC-required communications; capturing and processing tax data; issuing and mailing dividend checks to shareholders who have selected cash distributions; preparing record date shareholder lists for proxy solicitations; collecting and posting distributions to shareholder accounts; and establishing and maintaining systematic withdrawals and automated investment plans and shareholder account registrations. The actual services provided, and the payments made for such services, vary from firm to firm. These payments may be material to financial intermediaries relative to other compensation paid by the Funds and/or the Adviser, ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Trusts principal underwriter, and their affiliates and are in addition to any distribution and/or servicing (12b-1) fees paid to such financial intermediaries. The payments described above may differ depending on the Fund and may vary from amounts paid to the Trusts transfer agent for providing similar services to other accounts. The Adviser and ALPS Distributors, Inc. do not audit the financial intermediaries to determine whether such intermediaries are providing the services for which they are receiving such payments.
Additional Payments to Financial Intermediaries
In addition to the foregoing payments, the Adviser or the Funds Distributor may make cash payments, from its own resources, to key Financial Intermediaries (including those who may offer Fund Shares through specialized programs such as tax deferred retirement programs) in connection with distribution, which may include providing services intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, or to pay a portion of costs related to, marketing support, account consolidation, education, transaction processing and/or administrative services support. The Adviser may sponsor informational meetings, seminars and other similar programs designed to market the Funds.
These compensation arrangements may vary by Financial Intermediary and may increase as the dollar value of Fund Shares held through a particular Financial Intermediary increases. The amount of such compensation and payments may be made on a one-time and/or periodic basis. Because these payments are not made by the Funds, these payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the annual fund operating expenses table. Some of these payments are commonly referred to as revenue sharing. At times, such payments may create an incentive for a Financial Intermediary to recommend or make shares of the Funds available to its customers and may allow the Funds greater access to the customers of the Financial Intermediary.
The Adviser or the Funds Distributor may pay or allow other promotional incentive payments to Financial Intermediaries to the extent permitted by the rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority relating to the sale of mutual fund shares.
Ask your Financial Intermediary for additional information as to what compensation, if any, it receives from the Funds, the Funds Distributor or the Adviser.
Financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares may also act as a broker or dealer in connection with a Funds purchase or sale of portfolio securities. However, the Funds and the Adviser do not consider a financial intermediarys sale of shares of a Fund as a factor when choosing brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions for the Funds.
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Shareholder Services
Online Account Access
For convenience, Pax World offers online account access for Fund shareholders. Using a Login ID and password, shareholders can access their Pax World accounts online at any time to review account balances or histories, to purchase or to redeem Fund shares or to make exchanges between the Funds. To obtain additional information about investing online, visit the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com] or call Pax World toll-free at [800. . ].
Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans
Various tax-deferred retirement plans and accounts, including IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, Roth IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, and SEP (Simplified Employee Pension) IRA plans, are available through Pax World. Information regarding the establishment and administration of these plans, custodial fees and other details is available from Pax World. If a shareholder is considering adopting such a plan, he or she should consult with his or her own legal and tax advisors with respect to the establishment and maintenance of such a plan.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents
In order to reduce expenses, it is intended that the Trust will deliver only one copy of a Funds prospectus and each annual and semiannual report to any address shared by two or more accounts. Shareholders who wish to receive additional copies of these documents and who hold their shares directly with a Fund should request a separate copy by writing to Pax World at P.O. Box 9824, Providence, RI 02940, by telephoning Pax World toll-free at [800. . ] or by visiting the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com]. Alternatively, if shares are held through a specified benefit plan or financial institution, please contact it directly. Within thirty days after receipt of a shareholders request by the Trust or financial institution, as applicable, such party will begin sending shareholders individual copies.
Shareholders also may elect to have prospectuses, annual and semiannual reports delivered by email by enrolling in Pax Worlds electronic document delivery service, which is available through the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com].
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
General Fund Information
Shareholder Account Information
Account Inquiries |
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Shareholder Reports The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report to shareholders discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during their last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information A Statement of Additional Information dated [December 30], 2009 has been filed with the SEC. The statement of additional information, as supplemented from time to time, includes additional information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus, which means that it is considered to be part of |
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Investment Adviser
Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Custodian |
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this prospectus.
Obtaining Fund Documents and Additional Information About the Funds The statement of additional information and the Funds annual and semiannual reports are available, without charge, upon request by telephoning or emailing Pax World, or by visiting Pax Worlds website.
Shareholder Inquiries Shareholders may direct inquiries concerning the Funds in writing by regular mail to Pax World Funds, P.O. Box 9824, Providence, RI 02940-8024, in writing by overnight delivery to Pax World Funds, 101 Sabin Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860-1427 (telephone: [800. . ]), or by telephone (toll-free) to [800. . ] (or from outside the United States (collect) to [ ]).
Securities and Exchange Commission Information about the Funds (including the statement of additional information) can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090. The Funds shareholder reports and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs website at www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Investment
Company Act File Number: |
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Penhallow Street, Suite 400 |
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info@paxworld.com |
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[ESG-PR09] |
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PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
ESG MANAGERS ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIOS
ESG MANAGERS AGGRESSIVE GROWTH PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS GROWTH PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS MODERATE PORTFOLIO
ESG MANAGERS CONSERVATIVE PORTFOLIO
(the Funds)
30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801
For Shareholder Account Information: [800- - ]
Portsmouth, New Hampshire Office: [800- - ] / 603-431-8022
Website: [www.esgmanagers.com]
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated [December 30, 2009]
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Funds Prospectus dated the date hereof, as supplemented from time to time.
A copy of the Funds Prospectus and annual and semiannual reports may be obtained, without charge, by writing to Pax World at 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801, telephoning Pax World at [800- - ] (toll-free), visiting the ESG Managers Asset Allocation Portfolios website at [www.esgmanagers.com] or visiting the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page |
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TRUST HISTORY |
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3 |
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INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY |
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3 |
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MULTI-MANAGER APPROACH |
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13 |
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INVESTMENTS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS; RISK FACTORS |
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14 |
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS |
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59 |
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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS |
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60 |
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS |
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62 |
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OFFICERS/TRUSTEES |
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62 |
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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS |
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68 |
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
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77 |
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CODE OF ETHICS |
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77 |
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PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES |
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77 |
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES |
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77 |
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ADVISER |
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77 |
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GENERAL |
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77 |
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MANAGEMENT CONTRACT |
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78 |
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ASSET ALLOCATION AGREEMENT |
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79 |
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SUBADVISORY CONTRACTS |
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80 |
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DISTRIBUTOR |
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80 |
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CUSTODIAN |
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80 |
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TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT |
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81 |
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM |
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81 |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES |
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81 |
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BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS |
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81 |
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BROKERAGE SELECTION |
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82 |
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BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS |
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83 |
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES |
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84 |
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PRICING OF FUND SHARES |
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84 |
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TAXATION |
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86 |
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DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES |
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96 |
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
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105 |
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APPENDIX A PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES |
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A-1 |
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TRUST HISTORY
Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Trust) is an open-end management investment company that was organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on May 25, 2006 for the purpose of redomiciling Pax World Balanced Fund, Inc., Pax World Growth Fund, Inc. and Pax World High Yield Fund, Inc. as series of a Massachusetts business trust. The Trust succeeded to the registration statement of Pax World Balanced Fund, Inc., which was incorporated February 25, 1970. ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio (the Aggressive Growth Portfolio), ESG Managers Growth Portfolio (the Growth Portfolio), ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio (the Moderate Portfolio), and ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio (the Conservative Portfolio) are each diversified series of the Trust.
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
The Aggressive Growth Portfolio, the Growth Portfolio, the Moderate Portfolio and the Conservative Portfolio (collectively, the Funds) each pursue a sustainable investing approach. The Funds investment adviser, Pax World Management Corp. (the Adviser or Pax World), has delegated to Morningstar Associates, LLC (Morningstar Associates) responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees of the Trust various subadvisers to which the Adviser will delegate responsibility for selecting investments for a portion of each Funds portfolio (each such subadviser, a Sleeve Subadviser). The Adviser intends that the Sleeve Subadvisers will identify appropriate investments by combining financial analysis with environmental, social and governance analysis. The result, we believe, is an increased level of scrutiny that helps the Funds invest in better-managed companies that are leaders in their industries, meet positive standards of corporate responsibility, and focus on the long term.
Sustainable Investing
The Funds Adviser and Sleeve Subadvisers apply a variety of sustainability or environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria to the Funds. Most of the Sleeve Subadvisers who manage different strategies within the Funds are asset managers with substantial experience in the field of sustainable investing. However, each of these Sleeve Subadvisers may also apply ESG criteria that differ from those applied by other Sleeve Subadvisers. The ESG criteria integrated by a particular Sleeve Subadviser into its investment approach may differ from the criteria applied by another Sleeve Subadviser, or the same criteria could be used by different Sleeve Subadvisers but weighted differently. Some Sleeve Subadvisers may have a more narrow focus on one set of ESG factors for example, they may focus solely on environmental criteria (the E in ESG). By bringing this diverse group of asset managers with various ESG approaches under one roof in a series of sleeves, the Funds provide investors with exposure to a variety of ESG approaches, and a variety of asset classes, in the field of sustainable investing or what some call socially responsible or green investing.
A small number of Sleeve Subadvisers may not ordinarily apply ESG criteria to the management of their other portfolios. These Sleeve Subadvisers have been chosen for the Funds because of their investment management experience in an asset class where, in the determination of the Adviser and Morningstar Associates, there is no comparable Sleeve Subadviser available or appropriate who has prior ESG investing experience. In the case of these non-ESG Sleeve
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Subadvisers, the Adviser intends to modify investment decision-making made by such Sleeve Subadvisers through the application of Pax Worlds ESG criteria.
The Adviser
The ESG criteria that the Adviser applies to the sleeves of the Funds it manages itself, as well as to assets or sleeves managed by so-called non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers, follows what the Adviser calls a sustainable investing approachinvesting in forward-thinking companies with more sustainable business models. The Adviser identifies those companies by combining rigorous financial analysis with equally rigorous environmental, social and governance analysis. The result, we believe, is an increased level of scrutiny that helps us identify better-managed companies that are leaders in their industries; that meet positive standards of corporate responsibility; and that focus on the long term.
The Adviser avoids investing in issuers that it determines are significantly involved in the manufacture of weapons or weapons-related products, manufacture tobacco products, or engage in unethical business practices.
In seeking to invest in companies with sustainable business models that meet positive standards of corporate responsibility, the Pax World seeks to invest in companies with positive corporate policies and practices in the following areas:
· Environment
· Workplace Practices
· Corporate Governance
· Community
· Product Integrity
The Advisers primary goal is to produce competitive returns for its investors. By integrating ESG criteria into its investment approach, the Adviser also seeks to promote peace, protect the environment, advance global equity and foster sustainable development.
The Advisers environmental criteria include such issues as emissions (air, water and soil), pollution prevention, recycling and waste reduction, energy and resource efficiency, use of clean and renewable energy, climate change initiatives and other policies and practices focused on promoting sustainable development.
The Advisers workplace criteria include such issues as diversity, equal opportunity based on gender, race, religion, age, disability or sexual orientation; workplace health and safety; employee relations; vendor standards and human rights, including indigenous peoples rights.
The Advisers corporate governance criteria include such issues as board independence and diversity, executive compensation, auditor independence, shareholder rights, disclosure, conflict of interest, bribery and corruption, transparency, disclosure of political contributions, business ethics and legal and regulatory compliance.
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The Advisers community criteria include companies commitment to and relationships with the communities in which they do business (including their commitment to sustainable development abroad), their philanthropic activities, and in the case of financial institutions, responsible lending practices.
The Advisers product integrity criteria include analyses of such issues as product health and safety (including public health issues associated with product abuse and addiction), animal welfare, consumer issues and emerging technology issues.
The issues highlighted above are illustrative and do not necessarily reflect the full range of environmental, social and governance criteria the Adviser may apply in analyzing a particular security for investment. The availability of information about a company, issues associated with a particular industry, changing social conditions or other circumstances may affect the manner in which the Advisers sustainability criteria are applied in a particular situation.
Companies that the Funds invest in do not necessarily meet exemplary standards in all aspects of environmental, social and governance performance. The Adviser and Sleeve Subadvisers recognize that no company is perfect when it comes to corporate responsibility or sustainability. The Funds nonetheless endeavor to invest in companies that adhere to positive standards in these areas and deploy environmental, social and corporate governance criteria that are designed to assist us in identifying those investments. It is our belief that well-managed companies that maintain good relations with employees, consumers, communities, and the natural environment, and that strive to improve in those areas, will in the long run better serve investors as well.
Sleeve Subadvisers with prior ESG experience are responsible for voting shareholder proxies with respect to the holdings in the sleeves they manage, while the Adviser votes proxies for any sleeve it manages as well as sleeves managed by non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers.
The Funds intend to vote shareholder proxies in accordance with the environmental, social and governance criteria of the Adviser or Sleeve Subadviser, as applicable; engage in dialogue with corporate management on issues of concern; initiate or support shareholder resolutions at annual stockholders meetings aimed at persuading companies to adopt higher standards of corporate responsibility; and support public policy initiatives that promote greater corporate transparency, accountability and social responsibility.
The Adviser supports investing in communities and promoting sustainable development in the United States and around the globe. The Funds may invest in debt instruments issued by a range of non-corporate entities, including government agencies, states and municipalities, and each Fund may invest in community development financial institutions that target underserved areas and directly support affordable housing, small businesses, community development and revitalization, heath care, education and the environment. Such investments may include investments in micro-credit or micro-finance institutions that advance womens equity and sustainable development around the globe. Some of these investments may offer a rate of return
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below the then-prevailing market rate, or may subject the Funds to more credit risk than other types of debt instruments. In addition, some of these investments may be considered below investment grade, unrated, or illiquid, and may not be insured by the FDIC, and therefore involve a greater risk of default. The Funds nevertheless believes that such investments can often offer a greater social return through their direct impact on local communities and in fostering sustainable development, and that they therefore can be appropriate investments for the Funds.
The Adviser believes that its investors want to have a positive impact on corporate behavior and to promote environmental and social progress. Our sustainability criteria are designed to assist investors in achieving these objectives, helping them align their values with their financial goals. That was our mission when we launched the first socially responsible mutual fund in the United States in 1971, and it remains our mission today.
In order to address changing societal and market conditions and circumstances, the Adviser may at its discretion choose to apply additional environmental, social or governance criteria or to modify the criteria outlined above, without shareholder approval.
Our primary goal is to produce competitive returns for our investors. By integrating environmental, social and governance criteriawhat we call sustainability criteriainto our investment approach, the Adviser also seeks to promote peace, protect the environment, advance global equity, and foster sustainable development.
The Sleeve Subadvisers
[Subadviser A]
[Subadviser A] seeks to invest the sleeve(s) it manages in debt securities and other debt instruments that it believes have a distinct double bottom line purposedelivering both financial and social returns. The core economic activities supported by these investments may include affordable home ownership, affordable rental housing, urban and rural economic development, small business lending and support for Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs).
[Subadviser A] seeks to provide patient, long term fixed rate capital to individuals and communities in the United States. Investments by sleeve(s) it manages may include issues with final maturities of thirty years or longer.
[Subadviser B]
[Subadviser B] believes ethical business practices make good investment sense.
[Subadviser B] does not invest in corporations whose primary source of revenue is derived from:
· the production or sale of tobacco products or
· the manufacture of handguns.
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[Subadviser B] also screens out:
· nuclear energy companies as a result of their environmental liabilities.
[Subadviser B] believes all of these industries are more likely to face shrinking growth prospects, draining litigation costs and legal liability that cannot be quantified.
[Subadviser B] considers a companys environmental record which includes reviewing research from outside vendors that provide such services. This research typically examines various aspects of a companys environmental record, including whether it is taking positive steps toward preserving our environment, whether a company is a defendant in any environmental cases and faces significant fines, and how the company performs relative to its peers within the respective industry on environmental issues.
[Subadviser B] believes in the long run, a company that adopts environmentally sound policies is likely to face less government regulation of its business.
[Subadviser B] encourages portfolio companies to have an open dialogue on:
· giving back to the community,
· a dedication to education, and
· proactive diversity practices.
[Subadviser B] believes that a company that fosters community involvement among its employees should inspire community support.
[Subadviser B] believes that educating people on the benefits of saving and investing promotes a stable future. Additionally, [Subadviser B] believes that a company that cultivates diversity is more likely to attract and recruit the best talent and broaden its markets in profitable new directions.
[Subadviser C]
[Subadviser C]s research team actively incorporates various ESG, Socially Aware Investment (SAI) and sustainability research into its portfolio construction process. [Subadviser C]s investment research includes, but is not limited to, inquiries into:
· innovative workplace policies, employee benefits and programs;
· environmental management system strength, eco-efficiency and life-cycle analysis; and
· community involvement, strategic philanthropy and reputation management.
In addition to the integration of SAI, ESG and sustainability research into its investment process, [Subadviser C] applies active issue engagement (e.g., human rights, water scarcity, renewable energy, etc) and advocacy efforts at the company level to portfolio assets.
[Subadviser D]
[Subadviser D]s seeks to have a positive impact on through the financing of community, economic, and environmentally sustainable initiatives. This includes so-called green investing in the fixed income markets. [Subadviser D] believes that as more investors look to invest in green companies, wind farms, and clean technology sectors, green fixed income investing is still a fairly new concept and is gaining ground. Green fixed income investing is a sub-set of green investing whereby investors utilize their fixed income portfolio towards investing in bonds that finance or support environmentally sustainable initiatives. These initiatives may include: brownfield redevelopment, energy efficient housing, green jobs, environmentally-friendly businesses, water conservation, and the use of recycled materials.
[Subadviser D] actively manages green fixed income portfolios and the environmental benefits of each investment are analyzed as rigorously as the financial characteristics of each investment. [Subadviser D] focuses exclusively on high quality bonds (investment grade or better at purchase) issued to promote community development that have an environmental impact.
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[Subadviser E]
[Subadviser E] employs environmental, social and governance (ESG) or sustainability criteria in building positions. By creating a financial profile for companies that it evaluates as financially strong with high and rising income, and combining that evaluation with a social and environmental profile, [Subadviser E] believes that it can add an extra layer of due diligence to its investment process. [Subadviser E] seeks to invest in companies that have low business risk and companies that are sustainable both financially and socially. In addition to seeking to provide above market long-term returns, its equity income strategy is socially and environmentally screened to seek to eliminate companies that earn their revenues from alcohol, tobacco, nuclear power, firearms and gambling, as well as companies that egregiously pollute the environment, operate maquiladora plants or engage in unfair and discriminatory employment practices.
In [Subadviser E]s view, all companies, through their business activities, can be analyzed with ESG criteria, resulting in a profile that can be compared to others with regard to their corporate citizenship. The three pillars of sustainable or socially responsible investing (SRI) are widely known as screening, community investing and shareholder activism. With this in mind, [Subadviser E]s social research involves a comprehensive process that uses exclusion and inclusion screens, case-by-case analysis, and assertion of basic principles of fairness and environmental stewardship. A company must pass its social evaluation and/or be considered best-in-class by its team of analysts in order to be eligible for investment. [Subadviser E] views this extra layer of due diligence as a risk control measure. In addition, [Subadviser E] participates in shareholder activism through the proxy voting process, regularly publishes a shareholder advocacy newsletter, and supports organizations or managers filing shareholder resolutions whenever pertinent to its portfolio holdings and policies.
[Subadviser F]
When considering an investment, [Subadviser F] analyzes the performance of the issuing company not only for its financial strengths and outlook, but also for the companys performance on social issues. This is based on the tenet that social investing is good business. By utilizing social investing screens, [Subadviser F] believes that it can encourage corporations to be good stewards of their resources, to care for the environment, and to create work environments that benefit both the employees and the shareholders.
Investors should understand, however, that socially responsible investing outside the United States can be more difficult. Foreign countries have quite different laws and regulations governing the securities markets, financial and company disclosure, environment, labor, health and welfare standards and practices. Generally, there is less information available to the public about the business activities and practices of foreign companies. As a result, it is more difficult to effectively apply social investing screens abroad than it is in the United States. Accordingly, a Fund may unintentionally invest in foreign companies that may engage in a line of business or other practices that do not meet [Subadviser F]s social screens. Nevertheless, it is the goal of [Subadviser F] to avoid investment in such companies domestically, and international and foreign investments will be screened to attempt to assure that [Subadviser F]s Sleeves investments are socially responsible based upon [Subadviser F]s principles. When [Subadviser F] becomes aware that it has invested in a company that may be engaged in an activity which is inconsistent with [Subadviser F]s principles, it may first seek to use its influence to change that activity and may eventually determine to sell its investment. [Subadviser F] is not under any strict time schedule to make a decision to sell such investments.
[Subadviser F]s stewardship investing philosophy
Stewardship investing is a philosophy of financial decision-making motivated and informed by social convictions drawn from [Subadviser F]s 500 year-old faith tradition. This approach holds in tension a responsibility for the productive use of financial resources and a deep-seated concern for the individuals, communities and environments that are impacted by our investment choices.
To carry out this task, [Subadviser F] seeks to:
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· Invest in companies that best reflect a set of positive core values.
· Participate actively in corporate decision-making through shareholder advocacy and direct company dialogue, encouraging positive corporate social practices.
· Engage in community development investing that widens the door of economic opportunity by empowering disadvantaged individuals and communities through targeted investments.
[Subadviser F]s stewardship investing guidelines
The following core values have been adopted to help guide the evaluation of a companys social performance, as a part of [Subadviser F]s investment selection process. While few companies may reach these ideals in all aspects of social responsibility, the guidelines articulate the Companys highest expectations for corporate behavior.
In making investment decisions, [Subadviser F] strives to invest in companies that:
Respect the dignity and value of all people. Companies are expected to respect and support the basic human rights of all people to practice self-determination; to live free of fear, violence and intimidation; to lead healthy, well-nourished lives; and to have access to adequate shelter and sanitation. In a diverse, global society, [Subadviser F] expects that companies will respect the dignity of individuals and ethnic/cultural groups. Companies should treat all people fairly, avoiding discrimination and stereotyping, and should seek to nurture and benefit from diversity in all aspects of corporate activity. [Subadviser F] expects that companies will not attempt to benefit from the misfortunes of disadvantaged individuals or communities or from relationships with oppressive political regimes.
Build a world at peace and free from violence. [Subadviser F] believes that violence, in all its forms, hinders the growth, prosperity and freedom of humankind. It has no place in corporate structures, practice or production. [Subadviser F] desires companies to be engaged in products and services that support life not those designed to kill, maim or injure. The expansion of the worlds military establishments are not productive endeavors for humanity. [Subadviser F] will avoid those companies for whom weapons production and military contracting are a focus of their energy, resources and market development. [Subadviser F] expects companies to engage in activities that contribute to healthy and peaceful relationships between individuals, communities and nations. [Subadviser F] expects companies to value the sanctity of human life, promote alternative forms of conflict resolutions and to commit to efforts that reduce violence and aggression in world culture.
Demonstrate a concern for justice in a global society. All people deserve opportunities to participate in social and economic prosperity. [Subadviser F] expects companies to provide fair, sustainable compensation for all employees and subcontractors. Corporate efforts should extend opportunities to the disabled, the disadvantaged and marginalized communities. Company behavior should be based on standards higher than minimum legal requirements. [Subadviser F] expects products and services to be offered with honesty and without discrimination. Individuals and communities should be involved in issues and decisions that affect their lives. [Subadviser F]
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expects corporations to act on a basis of shared prosperity, recognizing the value and contributions of all stakeholders in creating and sustaining lasting commercial success.
Exhibit responsible management practices. [Subadviser F] expects a company to operate in an honest, trustworthy, compassionate and responsible manner. [Subadviser F] desires transparency and openness about company policies, finances and behavior. [Subadviser F] expects companies to value and empower all employees and to take all reasonable steps to ensure their health and safety. The companies should respect workers rights to communicate with management, organize and bargain collectively. [Subadviser F] expects companies to negotiate and communicate in good faith and deal fairly and respectfully with all stakeholders. The company should engage in responsible resource management and obey or exceed all relevant laws for environmental concerns, safety and public disclosure. Companies should employ sound practices of corporate governance, including board independence, board and executive compensation and structural integrity. It is [Subadviser F]s desire for companies to avoid unnecessary litigation and to pursue alternatives where possible. [Subadviser F] expects companies to be aggressively engaged in the marketplace, yet be respectful of their competitors and values-centered in their decision-making.
Support and involve communities. Communities within a workforce, around company facilities or representing various ethnic, cultural or political groups contribute directly and indirectly to the success of corporate endeavors. [Subadviser F] believes a company is responsible to contribute its people, expertise and resources to the support and development of these communities. Companies should actively, creatively and aggressively engage in corporate charitable giving. Employee volunteerism, community involvement and personal charitable giving should also be encouraged. [Subadviser F] expects communities will be included in decision-making on issues that affect them. Investments should be made that add value to local workforces, living environments and community infrastructures. [Subadviser F] expects companies to consider the impact their products and production methods have on efforts to build healthy, productive communities. To this end, [Subadviser F] will avoid companies materially engaged in alcohol and tobacco production and in the gaming industry.
Practice environmental stewardship. The natural environment is a finite resource, the inheritance of future generations and a gift from God. [Subadviser F] expects companies to respect the limits of our natural resources and to work toward environmental sustainability. Companies should reduce, reuse and recycle, pursue cleaner and more efficient production methods and bear a deep concern for the welfare of animals, minimizing animal testing, wherever possible. [Subadviser F] values a companys involvement in the environmental technology and services arena. [Subadviser F] expects companies to engage in honest, transparent environmental reporting, to support respected environmental principles and to publicly promote the value of the environment.
Consistent with the foregoing investment criteria for socially responsible investing, [Subadviser F] will also make certain types of community development investments. These consist of investments in local community-oriented investment programs which are intended to provide economic growth and opportunity in areas deemed suitable for investments of this type. The
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objective of such community development investments is to foster sustainable social and economic well-being through the use of targeted investments.
In connection with these community development investments, [Subadviser F] has received from the SEC an exemptive order that permits it to invest a limited portion of its portfolio in securities issued by its affiliate, [Subadviser F Affiliate]. [Subadviser F Affiliate] is a not-for-profit corporation that was organized specifically to promote community development investing and it seeks to fund its efforts in this area primarily through the sale to investors of interests in certain investments pools that it has established (the [Subadviser F Affiliate]-Notes). Assets raised through such offerings of [Subadviser F Affiliate]-Notes are then invested directly in non-profit and not-for-profit community development organizations. The sleeve managed by [Subadviser F] is permitted to invest up to 3% of its net assets in [Subadviser F Affiliate]-Notes. [Subadviser F Affiliate]-Notes have certain specific risk factors associated with them. These types of investments offer a rate of return below the then-prevailing market rate and are considered illiquid, unrated and below-investment grade. They also involve a greater risk of default or price decline than investments-grade securities. As a result, they are expected to underperform other fixed income securities in which a Fund otherwise might invest. However, these investments have been determined by [Subadviser F] as being a beneficial way to carry out its goals for stewardship investment at the community level.
[Subadviser G]
[Subadviser G] employs a research-driven and valuation-sensitive approach to stock selection. [Subadviser G] seeks to identify stocks in well-positioned businesses that they believe are undervalued in the market. [Subadviser G] looks for solid balance sheets, strong management teams with a track record of success, good cash flow, the prospect for above average earnings growth, and other valuation-related factors. Among companies that meet these criteria, [Subadviser G] looks for those that show leadership in three areas:
· environmental concerns
· diversity in the work force
· progressive employment and workplace practices, and community relations.
[Subadviser G] typically also looks at a companys record in public health and the nature of its products. [Subadviser G] judges firms on their corporate citizenship overall, considering their accomplishments as well as their goals. While these judgments are inevitably subjective, [Subadviser G] endeavors to avoid companies that derive revenue from gambling or the production of alcohol, tobacco, weapons, or nuclear power. [Subadviser G] also does not invest in any company that derives its total revenue primarily from non-consumer sales to the military.
[Subadviser G] follows a disciplined selling strategy and may sell a stock when it reaches a target price, when the companys business fails to perform as expected, or when other opportunities appear more attractive.
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[Subadviser H]
[Subadviser H] conducts fundamental research to determine a companys financial health and its business prospects, and also takes social factors into account in making investment decisions. In general, [Subadviser H] looks for companies that respect the environment, treat their employees well, and have effective equal-employment-opportunity policies and good community relations. Companies also must have strong corporate governance policies and ethical business dealings. Obviously, no company will be perfect in all of these areas, but [Subadviser H] makes value judgments in deciding which companies best meet the criteria.
[Subadviser H] will not invest in companies that derive significant revenues from the manufacture of alcohol or tobacco products or from direct involvement with gambling. [Subadviser H] does not invest in companies with significant revenues derived from the manufacture of weapons or the generation of electricity from nuclear power. [Subadviser H] also avoids investment in companies that conduct unnecessary and inhumane animal testing.
[Subadviser I]
[Subadviser I] concentrates its investments in companies that have made a commitment to environmental sustainability and have demonstrated this commitment through their business strategies, practices and investments. [Subadviser I] believes the essence of environmental sustainability is the acknowledgment of the limits of nature and societys dependence on nature. [Subadviser I]s investment perspective recognizes the fundamental challenge we face: meeting human needs without undermining natures ability to support our economy in the future. [Subadviser I] believes that some of these companies are changing the landscape of their industry or are forcing others in their industry to catch up, that others have product lines that are ecologically superior to their competition and that still others are developing vitally needed technologies that will provide cleaner energy sources for the future.
Companies selected for consideration must display some or all of the following qualities:
· Corporate leadership that has made an explicit commitment to sustainable practices and has allocated significant resources to achieve these goals;
· Earnings improvements that are derived from the efficient use and reuse of resources;
· Ecologically superior product lines;
· Investments in renewable energy;
· Innovative transportation and distribution strategies; and/or
· Fair and efficient use of resources with respect to meeting human needs.
[Subadviser I]s sleeve focuses on individual companies that meet [Subadviser I]s environmental sustainability criteria. [Subadviser I] then considers the companys standing relative to its competition in such areas as the ecological impact of its products and services, investments in sustainable technologies and processes, resource efficiency, waste and pollution intensity and environmental management. Companies that meet these criteria are investigated further through a review of their financial and environmental statements, third-party research and personal contact with company representatives.
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In addition to the environmental sustainability criteria, a company selected for [Subadviser I]s Sleeve must exhibit certain financial characteristics that indicate positive prospects for long-term earnings growth. These may include some or all of the following:
· Rising trends in revenues and earnings;
· A sound balance sheet;
· Increasing profit margins; and/or
· Evolving product lines.
All companies are reviewed on an ongoing basis to confirm their continued commitment to sustainability. A security will be sold within a reasonable period of time after it is determined that one or both of the following has occurred:
· The company no longer meets the environmental sustainability criteria; and/or
· The company no longer meets minimum financial standards.
[Subadviser J]
Securities selection for [Subadviser J]s sleeve is reviewed and modified through the application Pax Worlds ESG criteria outlined above.
For more information, see About the Funds Sustainable Investing in the Prospectus.
MULTI-MANAGER APPROACH
The Funds use multiple Sleeve Subadvisers to seek to achieve their investment objectives and each Sleeve Subadviser seeks to invest the assets of its sleeve(s) in securities consistent with the parameters established by Morningstar Associates for that sleeve. The potential risks and returns of each Fund vary with the degree to which the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers cause the Fund to invest in particular market segments and/or asset classes.
Morningstar Associates allocates portions of the Funds assets (referred to as sleeves) to several Sleeve Subadvisers who then manage their respective sleeves of the assets under the general supervision of the Adviser and Morningstar Associates. It is currently expected that the Adviser will manage one or more sleeves of the Funds assets itself. Morningstar Associates may adjust the relative proportions of assets managed by each Sleeve Subadviser from time to time.
The Funds multi-manager approach is designed to reduce the management risk inherent in individual security selection and to achieve lower volatility by combining the skills of Sleeve Subadvisers, where appropriate, with complementary investment approaches. The Funds will generally select one or more Sleeve Subadvisers to manage each distinct segment of a market based upon Morningstar Associates evaluations of each Sleeve Subadvisers expertise and performance in investing in the particular market segment. Where a Sleeve Subadviser has been
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appointed, the Adviser will monitor the Sleeve Subadviser for adherence to each Funds specific investment objectives, policies and strategies.
Allocation of assets among Sleeve Subadvisers is based on such things as prudent diversification principles, general market outlooks (both domestic and global), historical performance, global markets current valuations, and other economic factors. The Adviser and Morningstar Associates may periodically adjust asset allocations to favor those Sleeve Subadvisers that the Adviser and Morningstar Associates believe will provide the most favorable outlook for achieving a Funds investment objective. As a result, it is not possible to predict the extent to which any Funds assets will be invested by a particular Sleeve Subadviser at any time and one or more Sleeve Subadvisers may not be managing any assets for a particular Fund at any given time. The Funds asset allocations may be changed at any time without notice to shareholders and without shareholder approval.
INVESTMENTS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS; RISK FACTORS
In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Funds described in the Prospectus, the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers may employ other investment practices and the Funds may be subject to additional risks which are described below. The Funds will generally utilize the investment practices described below in varying degrees. As such, certain strategy-related risks may be greater for one Fund than another Fund and certain strategies and/or risks described below may not apply to particular Funds. Unless a strategy or policy described below is specifically prohibited by the investment restrictions listed in the Prospectus, under Investment Restrictions in this Statement of Additional Information, or by applicable law or regulation, the Funds may engage in each of the practices described below. However, each Fund is not required to engage in any particular transaction or purchase any particular type of securities or investment even if to do so might benefit such Fund. Unless otherwise stated herein, all investment policies of the Funds may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust without shareholder approval. In addition, each Fund may be subject to restrictions on its ability to utilize certain investments or investment techniques. These additional restrictions may be changed with the consent of the Board of Trustees but without approval by or notice to shareholders.
BANK OBLIGATIONS
Bank obligations in which the Funds may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates that are issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and that earn a specified return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, generally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are generally no contractual restrictions on the right
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to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. Each Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian bank in an interest-bearing account for temporary purposes.
The Funds may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks and in foreign bank obligations denominated in foreign currencies (of both developed and emerging market countries). Obligations of foreign banks involve certain risks associated with investing in foreign securities described under Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities below, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of U.S. banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to U.S. banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
BORROWING
Each Fund may borrow money only to the extent described under Investment Restrictions below. Such a practice will result in leveraging of a Funds assets and may force a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so.
Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), a Fund generally is not permitted to engage in borrowings unless immediately after a borrowing the value of the Funds total assets (including the borrowing) less liabilities (other than the borrowing) is at least 300% of the principal amount of such borrowing (i.e., such principal amount may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness). If the value of a Funds assets falls below 300% of the principal amount of its outstanding borrowings, it will reduce its outstanding borrowings to the extent necessary to achieve such 300% coverage within three (3) business days after the day on which such value falls below 300% of such principal amount. In addition to borrowing for temporary purposes, a Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which are discussed in greater detail below under Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements will be subject to the Funds limitations on borrowings as specified under Investment Restrictions below.
COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade debt securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may
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be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class.
The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Funds as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt securities discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Funds Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Funds may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
COMMERCIAL PAPER
Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. Each Fund may invest in commercial paper of any credit quality consistent with such Funds investment objectives and policies, including unrated commercial paper for which Pax World Management Corp. (the Adviser) has made a credit quality assessment.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND SYNTHETIC CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). A convertible security is designed to provide current income and also the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. A convertible security may be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, such Fund could be required to
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tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on such Funds ability to achieve its investment objectives. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities.
A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporations capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporations common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a debt obligation. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt obligations and are designed to provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. However, there can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuers convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Moreover, convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or not rated because they fall below debt obligations and just above common equity in order of preference or priority on an issuers balance sheet.
Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. The common stock underlying convertible securities may be issued by a different entity than the issuer of the convertible securities.
The value of convertible securities is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield) is sometimes referred to as its investment value. The investment value of the convertible security typically will fluctuate based on the credit quality of the issuer and will fluctuate inversely with changes in prevailing interest rates. However, at the same time, the convertible security will be influenced by its conversion value, which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained if the convertible security were converted. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying common stock, and will therefore be subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. Depending upon the relationship of the conversion price to the market value of the underlying security, a convertible security may trade more like an equity security than a debt instrument.
If, because of a low price of the common stock, the conversion value is substantially below the investment value of the convertible security, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. Generally, if the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will be principally influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.
To the extent consistent with its other investment policies, each Fund may also create a synthetic convertible security by combining separate securities that possess the two principal
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characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (income-producing element) and the right to acquire an equity security (convertible element). The income-producing element is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred stocks and money market instruments. The convertible element is achieved by investing in warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a unitary market value, a synthetic convertible comprises two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the market value of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its income-producing element and its convertible element. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible security and a traditional convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.
A holder of a synthetic convertible security faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index or security involved in the convertible element, causing a decline in the value of the call option or warrant purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the call option or warrant would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the income-producing element as well, the holder of a synthetic convertible security also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the income-producing element.
The Funds may also purchase synthetic convertible securities created by other parties, including convertible structured notes. Convertible structured notes are income-producing debentures linked to equity, and are typically issued by investment banks. Convertible structured notes have the attributes of a convertible security; however, the investment bank that issued the convertible note, rather than the issuer of the underlying common stock into which the note is convertible, assumes the credit risk associated with the investment.
CORPORATE BONDS
Bonds are fixed or variable rate debt obligations, including bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities. Bonds generally are used by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Certain bonds are perpetual in that they have no maturity date. The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest earnings and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate bond may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates generally. There also exists the risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by the instrument.
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS
As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract,
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provided that no event of default had occurred. If no default had occurred, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, a Fund effectively would add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
As the purchaser in a credit default swap contract, a Fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would generate income only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It also would involve credit risk (i.e., the risk that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default).
The Fund will segregate assets in the form of cash and/or cash equivalents in an amount equal to the aggregate market value of the credit default swaps of which it is the seller, marked to market on a daily basis.
CREDIT-LINKED TRUST CERTIFICATES
Credit-linked trust certificates are investments in a limited purpose trust or other vehicle formed under state law which, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to the high yield or another debt securities market.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit-linked trust certificates represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the certificate. However, these payments are conditioned on the trusts receipt of payments from, and the trusts potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. The Funds investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk and management risk. It is expected that the trusts that issue credit-linked trust certificates will constitute private investment companies, exempt from registration under the 1940 Act. Therefore, the certificates will be subject to the risks described under Other Investment Companies herein, and will not be subject to applicable investment limitations and other regulation imposed by the 1940 Act (although the Funds will remain subject to such limitations and regulation). Although the trusts are typically private investment companies, they generally are not actively managed. It also is expected that the certificates will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act). Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the certificates and they may constitute illiquid investments.
DELAYED FUNDING LOANS AND REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES
Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowing arrangements in which the lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. A revolving credit facility differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrower repays the loan, an amount equal to the repayment may be borrowed again during the
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term of the revolving credit facility. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities usually provide for floating or variable rates of interest. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise be desirable to do so (including a time when the companys financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). To the extent that the Fund is committed to advance additional funds, it will at all times segregate liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments.
Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities may be subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to resell such instruments. As a result, a Fund may be unable to sell such investments at an opportune time or may have to resell them at less than fair market value. For a further discussion of the risks involved in investing in loan participations and other forms of direct indebtedness see Loan Participations and Assignments. Participation interests in revolving credit facilities will be subject to the limitations discussed in Loan Participations and Assignments.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Subject to the limitations described under Investment Restrictions below, each Fund may purchase and sell (write) both put options and call options on securities, swap agreements, and securities indexes, and enter into interest rate and index futures contracts and purchase and sell options on such futures contracts (futures options) to add leverage to its portfolio, for hedging purposes and as part of its overall investment strategy. Each Fund also may enter into swap agreements with respect to interest rates, currencies, securities indexes and other assets and measures of risk or return.
The value of some derivative instruments in which Funds may invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Funds, the ability of the Funds to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the Advisers ability to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could lose money.
The Funds might not employ any of the strategies described above, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts interest rates, market values or other economic factors in utilizing a derivatives strategy for a Fund, the Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances. The use of these strategies involves certain special risks, including a possible imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of derivative instruments and price movements of related investments. While some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they also can reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in related investments or otherwise, due to the possible inability of a Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable or the possible need to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time because a Fund is required to maintain asset coverage or offsetting positions in connection with transactions in derivative instruments, and the possible inability of a Fund to close out or to liquidate its derivatives positions. Income earned
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by a Fund from many derivative strategies will be treated as capital gain and, if not offset by net realized capital loss, will be distributed to shareholders in taxable distributions.
Options on Securities, Swap Agreements and Indexes. Each Fund may purchase and sell both put and call options on securities, swap agreements or indexes in standardized contracts traded on domestic or other securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on NASDAQ or on an over-the-counter market, and agreements, sometimes called cash puts, which may accompany the purchase of a new issue of debt obligations from a dealer.
An option on a security (or an index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option (in the case of American style options) or at the expiration of the option (in the case of European style options). The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. (An index is designed to reflect features of a particular securities market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities or certain economic indicators.)
Each Fund will write call options and put options only if they are covered. In the case of a call option on a debt obligation or other security, the option is covered if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by the Fund. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if the Fund maintains with its custodian liquid assets in an amount equal to the contract value of the index. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security or index as the call written when the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated liquid assets. A put option on a security or an index is covered if the Fund segregates liquid assets equal to the exercise price. A put option also is covered if the Fund holds a put on the same security or index as the put written when the exercise price of the put held is (i) equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the put written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated liquid assets.
If an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price and expiration). There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when a Fund so desires. A Fund may sell put or call options it has previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option sold. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include, but are not limited
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to, supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security or index and the time remaining until the expiration date.
The premium paid for a put or call option purchased by the Fund is an asset of the Fund. The premium received for an option written by a Fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an option purchased or written is marked to market daily and is valued at the settlement price on the exchange on which it is traded or, if not traded on an exchange or if no settlement price is available, at the mean between the last reported bid price and the last reported asked price.
Each Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying security. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Funds immediate obligations.
A Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options if the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or if the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund also will segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events.
During the option period, the covered call writer has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security or index above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security or index decline. The writer of an American-style option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying security at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by a Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security or index remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, if a put or call option on a particular security or index is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security or index, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security or index.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security or index, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option might expire worthless. If a Fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without
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exercise. As the writer of a covered call option, a Fund forgoes, during the options life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security or index position covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price of the call.
If trading were suspended in an option purchased by a Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, a Fund might be unable to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index written by a Fund is covered by an option on the same index purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Funds securities during the period the option was outstanding.
Foreign Currency Options. Each Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies for investment purposes or as a hedge against changes in the value of the U.S. dollar (or another currency) in relation to a foreign currency in which the Funds securities may be denominated. Each Fund that may buy or sell put and call options may buy or sell such options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price at expiration or until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price at expiration or until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Each Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, index and other futures contracts. Each Fund also may use options on futures contracts (futures options).
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of the security or other financial instrument at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract originally was written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, physical delivery of these securities is not always made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes, as well as financial instruments, including, without limitation: U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the Euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.
Each Fund may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price upon expiration of, or at any time during the period of, the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long
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position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
Each Fund is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act (the CEA), and, therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that CEA.
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its futures commission merchant a specified amount of liquid assets (initial margin). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Each Fund expects to earn taxable interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called variation margin, equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as marking to market. Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, each Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.
Each Fund also is required to deposit and to maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option and other futures positions held by the Fund.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (involving the same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs also must be included in these calculations.
Each Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Funds immediate obligations. Each Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options if the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or if the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, each Fund also will segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
Limitations on Use of Futures and Futures Options. When purchasing a futures contract, each Fund will maintain with its futures commission merchant a margin account with a value equal to the market value of the futures contract (marked to market on a daily basis). Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held by the Fund.
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When selling a futures contract, each Fund will maintain with its futures commission merchant a margin account with a value equal to the market value of the instruments underlying the contract (marked to market on a daily basis). Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract (or, in the case of an index futures contract, a portfolio with a volatility substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund.
When selling a call option on a futures contract, each Fund will maintain with its futures commission merchant a margin account with a value equal the total market value of the futures contract underlying the call option (marked to market on a daily basis). Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by entering into a long position in the same futures contract at a price no higher than the strike price of the call option, by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract, or by holding a separate call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price not higher than the strike price of the call option sold by the Fund.
When selling a put option on a futures contract, each Fund will maintain with its futures commission merchant a margin account with a value equal the purchase price of the futures contract (marked to market on a daily basis). Alternatively, the Fund may cover the position either by entering into a short position in the same futures contract, or by owning a separate put option permitting it to sell the same futures contract so long as the strike price of the purchased put option is the same as or higher than the strike price of the put option sold by the Fund.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the Code) also may limit the extent to which a Fund may enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts.
Risks Associated with Futures and Futures Options. There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts and futures options. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the futures contracts or futures options and in the securities or index positions covering them. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and indexes and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures and futures options on securities or indexes, including technical influences in futures trading and futures options, and differences between the financial instruments held by a Fund and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities and creditworthiness of issuers. A decision as to whether, when and how to employ futures contracts and futures options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even well-conceived uses may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends.
Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract
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subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures contract or a futures option position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities or Indexes, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts and Forward Currency Exchange Contracts and Options Thereon. Options on securities or indexes, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. Some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in a Funds ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States and (v) lesser trading volume. In addition, unless a Fund hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes. A Funds use of such instruments may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) than if the Fund had not used such instruments.
Swap Agreements. Each Fund may enter into swap agreements with respect to interest rates, currencies, indexes of securities and other assets or measures of risk or return. Each Fund also may enter into options on swap agreements (swaptions). These transactions are entered into in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. Swap agreements are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of types of investments or market factors. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties generally are calculated with respect to a notional amount, i.e.,
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the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a basket of securities representing a particular index.
Forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or cap; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or floor; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. Each Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call options. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, a Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When a Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However when a Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement. Most swap agreements entered into by a Fund would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a net basis. Consequently, the Funds current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement generally will be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the net amount). A Funds current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered through the segregation of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be senior securities for purposes of the Funds investment restriction concerning senior securities.
Whether a Funds use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Advisers ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and therefore are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA.
Certain Interest Rate Transactions. As described above, each Fund may enter into interest rate swaps and caps. Interest rate swaps involve a Funds agreement with the swap counterparty to
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pay a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty paying the Fund a variable rate payment that may be structured so as to approximate the Funds variable rate payment obligation on any variable rate borrowing. The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the swap. Each Fund may use an interest rate cap, which would require the Fund to pay a premium to the cap counterparty and would entitle the Fund, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, to receive from the counterparty payment of the difference based on the notional amount.
EMERGING MARKET SECURITIES
An issuer is considered to be economically tied to an emerging market country if its securities are principally traded on the countrys securities markets, or the issuer is organized or principally operates in the country, derives a majority of its income from its operations within the country, or has a majority of its assets located in the country. The risks of investing in foreign securities are particularly high when securities of issuers based in or denominated in currencies of emerging market countries are involved. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities, and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in developed foreign countries. These risks include: greater risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; the fact that companies in emerging market countries may be smaller, less seasoned and newly organized companies; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; the risk that it may be more difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. In addition, a number of emerging market countries restrict, to various degrees, foreign investment in securities, and high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.
EQUITY SECURITIES
To the extent a Fund has substantial exposure to equity securities, historical trends would indicate that the Funds portfolio and investment returns will be subject at times, and over time, to higher levels of volatility and market and issuer-specific risk than if it invested exclusively in debt securities. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by a Fund. Also, the price of an equity security, particularly a common stock, is sensitive to general movements in the stock market. A decline in the stock market may depress the price of equity securities held by a Fund. The value of a companys
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preferred stock may fall as a result of factors relating directly to that companys products or services. A preferred stocks value may also fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of preferred stocks may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates.
EQUITY-LINKED SECURITIES
Each Fund may invest in equity-linked securities. Equity-linked securities are privately-issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or basket of stocks, or sometimes a single stock. To the extent that a Fund invests in equity-linked securities whose return corresponds to the performance of a foreign securities index or one or more foreign stocks, investing in equity-linked securities will involve risks similar to the risks of investing in foreign securities. See Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities below. In addition, a Fund bears the risk that the issuer of an equity-linked security may default on its obligations under the security. Equity-linked securities are often used for many of the same purposes as, and share many of the same risks with, derivative instruments such as swap agreements, participation notes and zero-strike warrants and options. See Derivatives above. Equity-linked securities may be considered illiquid.
EVENT-LINKED BONDS
Event-linked bonds, which are sometimes referred to as catastrophe bonds, are debt obligations for which the return of principal and payment of interest is contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific trigger event, such as a hurricane or an earthquake. They may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities. If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, a Fund may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, the Fund will recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory, or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases when a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds may also expose a Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer (credit) default, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations and adverse tax consequences.
Event-linked bonds are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these instruments will develop. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that a Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so.
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EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend performance of a particular index. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on the American Stock Exchange and iShares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange). The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower than the ETFs net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuers net asset value.
FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANIES
The Funds may invest in equity securities of U.S. and foreign companies in the financial services industries (financial companies). Financial companies provide financial services to consumers and businesses and include the following types of firms: commercial banks, savings and loan and thrift institutions; consumer and industrial finance companies; diversified financial services companies; investment banks; securities brokerage and investment advisory firms; financial technology companies; real estate-related firms; leasing firms; insurance brokerages; and various firms in all segments of the insurance industry such as multi-line, property and casualty and life insurance and insurance holding companies.
Investments in financial companies are subject to risks different from, and sometimes greater than, those that apply to the equity markets in general. Events may occur that significantly affect the financial industry as a whole or a particular segment of the industry (such as banking, insurance or consumer financial services) in which the Funds invest.
The values of securities of financial companies are more likely to be adversely affected by falling interest rates and/or deteriorating economic conditions than the securities of other companies. Also, rising interest rates may reduce the profit margins of some financial companies by reducing the difference between borrowing and lending rates in the capital markets. The profitability of financial companies largely depends on the availability and cost of capital, and can fluctuate rapidly when interest rates change. They may also be subject to risks attendant to lending money for long periods of time at fixed or only partially adjustable interest rates, the risk of lending to borrowers who may be unwilling or unable to pay back the loan, and the risk of lending against the security of assets whose valuations may decline. Insurance companies may also be adversely affected by natural or other catastrophes or disasters. All of these risks may require financial companies to hold substantial reserves against actual or anticipated losses.
In addition, most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation which limits their activities and may (as with insurance rate regulation) affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Most financial companies are also subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. The removal of regulatory barriers to participation in certain segments of the financial industry may also increase
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competitive pressures on different types of firms. For example, legislative proposals to remove traditional barriers between commercial banking, investment banking and insurance activities would allow large commercial banks and insurance companies to compete for business that previously was the exclusive domain of securities firms. Similarly, the removal of regional barriers in the banking industry has intensified competition within that industry.
Financial institutions in foreign countries are subject to similar regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include controls on interest rates, credit availability, prices and currency movements. In some cases, foreign governments have taken steps to nationalize the operations of banks and other financial services companies.
FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) SECURITIES
Foreign (non-U.S.) securities include, but are not limited to, U.S. dollar- or foreign currency-denominated corporate debt securities of foreign issuers; foreign equity securities; securities of U.S. issuers traded principally in foreign markets; foreign bank obligations; and U.S. dollar- or foreign currency-denominated obligations of foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, international agencies and supranational entities. The foreign securities in which a Fund may invest also include Eurodollar obligations and Yankee Dollar obligations. Eurodollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee Dollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar obligations are generally subject to the same risks that apply to domestic debt issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee Dollar) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. Some foreign securities may be restricted against transfer within the United States or to a United States person.
American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a foreign issuer. European Depository Receipts (EDRs) are foreign currency-denominated receipts similar to ADRs and are issued and traded in Europe, and are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States. Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) may be offered privately in the United States and also trade in public or private markets in other countries. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the form of ADRs, EDRs or GDRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.
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Each Fund also may invest in Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the Brady Plan). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in a number of countries, including: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jordan, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Uruguay and Venezuela.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. Government securities. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one years interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to value recovery payments in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the residual risk).
Most Mexican Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity fully collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and interest coupon payments collateralized on an 18-month rolling-forward basis by funds held in escrow by an agent for the bondholders. A significant portion of the Venezuelan Brady Bonds and the Argentine Brady Bonds issued to date have repayments at final maturity collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and/or interest coupon payments collateralized on a 14-month (for Venezuela) or 12-month (for Argentina) rolling-forward basis by securities held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as collateral agent.
Brady Bonds involve various risk factors including residual risk and the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which the Fund may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause a Fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.
Some securities of corporations domiciled outside the U.S. in which the Funds may invest may be considered passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) under U.S. tax laws. PFICs are those foreign corporations which generate primarily passive income. They are often growth companies or start-up companies. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a corporation is deemed a PFIC if 75% or more of the foreign corporations gross income for the income year is passive income or if 50% or more of its assets are assets that produce or are held to produce
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passive income. Passive income is further defined as any income to be considered foreign personal holding company income within the subpart F provisions defined by Code Section 954.
Investing in PFICs involves the risks associated with investing in foreign securities, as described above. There are also the risks that the Funds may not realize that a foreign corporation they invest in is a PFIC for federal tax purposes. Federal tax laws impose severe tax penalties for failure to properly report investment income from PFICs. Following industry standards, the Funds intend to comply with federal tax reporting of these investments. Subject to applicable limits under the 1940 Act, the Funds may also invest in foreign mutual funds which are also deemed PFICs (since nearly all of the income of a mutual fund is generally passive income). Investing in these types of PFICs may allow exposure to various countries because some foreign countries limit, or prohibit, all direct foreign investment in the securities of companies domiciled therein. In addition to bearing their proportionate share of a Funds expenses (management fees and operating expenses), shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses of such entities. Additional risks of investing in other investment companies are described under Other Investment Companies.
Investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include: differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), political instability which can affect U.S. investments in foreign countries and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. In addition, foreign securities and dividends and interest payable on those securities may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from payments on those securities. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities that are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Each Fund may invest in or utilize foreign currencies, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts, options on foreign currencies and foreign currency futures, currency swap transactions and other foreign currency-related transactions, which may be used for a variety of reasons, including to hedge against foreign exchange risk arising from a Funds investment or anticipated investment in securities denominated in foreign currencies, to increase exposure to a foreign currency for investment or hedging purposes, or to shift exposure of foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
A Fund may (but is not required to) hedge some or all of its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Suitable currency hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and a Fund may decide not to use hedging transactions that are available.
A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
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price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect a Fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Open positions in forwards used for non-hedging purposes will be covered by the segregation with a Funds custodian of liquid assets and are marked to market daily. Although forwards are intended to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currencies increase. A Fund might be expected to enter into forwards under the following circumstances:
Lock In. When the Adviser desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.
Cross Hedge. If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the Fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency that is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of a Funds portfolio holdings denominated in the currency sold.
Direct Hedge. If the Adviser wants to eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Adviser believes that a Fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given countrys obligations but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, a Fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency in which a portfolio security is denominated and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated a contract. In the case of a direct hedge of a given countrys debt obligations, the cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but a Fund would hope to benefit from an increase (if any) in the value of the debt obligation.
Proxy Hedge. The Adviser might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, a Fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency in which the security is denominated. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be close to those in the United States and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.
Costs of Hedging. When a Fund purchases a foreign bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is an example of what is known as the cost of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar.
Tax Consequences of Hedging. Under applicable tax law, a Funds hedging activities may result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Code. Those provisions
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could result in an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by a Fund and could affect whether dividends paid by a Fund are classified as capital gains or ordinary income.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE-RELATED SECURITIES
Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants, such as Currency Exchange WarrantsSM (CEWSSM), are warrants that entitle their holders to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) that is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specific date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk that, from the point of view of the prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international debt obligation marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplement payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese Yen. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the equity or debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining time values of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, if the warrants were out-of-the-money, in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Unlike foreign currency options issued by the OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of government or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (PERLSSM) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on standard principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; reverse principal exchange rate linked securities are like standard securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely affected by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities generally are made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). Principal exchange rate linked securities may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse effect on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper (PIPSSM) is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
HIGH YIELD SECURITIES (JUNK BONDS)
Investments in high yield securities generally provide greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy. High yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. In addition, analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality securities. A Fund may continue to hold such securities following a decline in their rating if in the opinion of the Adviser it would be advantageous to do so.
High yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of high yield securities are likely to be sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of an issuer to make principal and interest payments on its debt
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obligations. If an issuer of high yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, a Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In the case of high yield securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash. Even though such securities do not pay current interest in cash, a Fund nonetheless is required to accrue interest income on these investments and to distribute the interest income on a current basis. Thus, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements. The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which a Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. While lower rated securities may be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher rated securities, the market prices of high yield/high risk securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities may be affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes. For instance, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
Each Fund may not invest more than fifteen percent (15%) of its net assets (taken at market value at the time of investment) in illiquid securities. Certain illiquid securities may require pricing using fair valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. The Adviser may be subject to significant delays in the disposition of illiquid securities, and transactions in illiquid securities may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities. The term illiquid securities for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities). Depending on the circumstances, illiquid securities may be considered to include, among other things, written over-the-counter options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or that provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), and other securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal securities laws (other than securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and certain liquid commercial paper).
Illiquid securities may include privately placed securities, which are sold directly to a small number of investors, usually institutions. Unlike public offerings, such securities are not registered under the federal securities laws. Although certain of these securities may be readily sold, others may be illiquid, and their sale may involve substantial delays and additional costs.
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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL BONDS
Tax exempt industrial development bonds and pollution control bonds, in most cases, are revenue bonds and generally are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of an issuer. They are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance privately operated facilities for business, manufacturing, housing, sport complexes and pollution control. Consequently, the credit quality of these securities depend upon the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds and any guarantor to meet its financial obligations.
INFLATION-INDEXED BONDS
Inflation-indexed bonds are debt obligations whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of approximately five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. A Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bonds inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government generally are adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that
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government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services accurately. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
Securities in initial public offerings (IPOs) are subject to many of the same risks of investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in IPOs may be highly volatile. At any particular time or from time to time a Fund may not be able to invest in securities issued in IPOs, or invest to the extent desired because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may be made available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market conditions a relatively small number of companies may issue securities in IPOs. Similarly, as the number of accounts to which IPO securities are allocated increases, the number of securities issued to any one account may decrease. The investment performance of a Fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when the Fund is able to do so. In addition, as a Fund increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the Funds performance generally decreases.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS
Participations in commercial loans may be secured or unsecured. Loan participations typically represent direct participations in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. A Fund may participate in such syndications, or may buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, a Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The participation interests in which a Fund intends to invest may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.
A loan often is administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions that are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institutions employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank generally would be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if
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assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of a Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent banks general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or government agency), similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Funds share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer a Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrowers obligation, or that the collateral could be liquidated.
Each Fund may invest in loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, a Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Adviser believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining a Funds net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Funds daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. Investments in loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of a Funds investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets.
Investments in loans through a direct assignment of the financial institutions interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that, under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a Fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS
Money market instruments may include, among other things, (1) short-term U.S. Government securities; (2) certificates of deposits, bankers acceptances and other bank obligations; (3) commercial paper; (4) corporate obligations with a remaining maturity of 397 days or less; and (5) repurchase agreements with banks or registered broker dealers. Money market
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instruments may also include variable amount master demand notes, which are corporate obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts by a Fund at varying rates of interest under direct arrangements between such Fund, as lender, and the borrower, and which permit daily changes in the amounts borrowed. A Fund may increase the amount invested under such notes at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement or to decrease the amount, while the borrower may prepay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. Variable amount master demand notes may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit.
MORAL OBLIGATION SECURITIES
Municipal securities may include moral obligation securities which are usually issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation bonds cannot fulfill its financial responsibilities from current revenues, it may draw upon a reserve fund, the maintenance and restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality which created the issuer.
MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS
A mortgage dollar roll is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement in certain respects. In a dollar roll transaction, a Fund sells a mortgage-related security, such as a security issued by GNMA, to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a pre-determined price. A dollar roll can be viewed, like a reverse repurchase agreement, as a collateralized borrowing in which a Fund pledges a mortgage-related security to a dealer to obtain cash. However, unlike reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which a Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities that are substantially identical. To be considered substantially identical, the securities returned to a Fund generally must: (1) be collateralized by the same types of underlying mortgages; (2) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (3) have a similar original stated maturity; (4) have identical net coupon rates; (5) have similar market yields (and therefore price); and (6) satisfy good delivery requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within 2.5% of the initial amount delivered.
As with reverse repurchase agreements, to the extent that positions in dollar roll agreements are not covered by segregated liquid assets at least equal to the amount of any forward purchase commitment, such transactions would be subject to a Funds restrictions on borrowings. Furthermore, because dollar roll transactions may be for terms ranging between one and six months, dollar roll transactions may be deemed illiquid.
MORTGAGE-RELATED AND OTHER ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The value of some mortgage-related or asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like other debt obligations, the ability of a Fund to utilize these instruments
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successfully may depend in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. See Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Certain debt obligations also are secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities. See Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs).
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family mortgage-backed securities. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Mortgage pass-through securities are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential or commercial real property. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt obligations, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a pass-through of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as modified pass-through. These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase. Early repayment of principal on some mortgage-related securities (arising from prepayments of principal due to the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees and costs which may be incurred) may expose a Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Also, if a security subject to prepayment has been purchased at a premium, the value of the premium would be lost in the event of prepayment. Like other debt obligations, when interest rates rise, the value of a mortgage-related security generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-related securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other debt obligations. To the extent that unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective maturity of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase.
Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
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Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by GNMA) or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (the FNMA) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (the FHLMC). The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the FHA), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the VA).
Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight. FNMA primarily purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which includes state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers, although it may purchase other types of mortgages as well. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations.
FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (PCs) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMCs national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in such pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees. Although the market for such securities is
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becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
Mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities are not subject to a Funds industry concentration restrictions (see Investment Restrictions). In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities, each Fund takes the position that mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular industry or group of industries. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semi-annually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but more typically are collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (issuer) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (the Bonds). Proceeds of the Bonds offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the Collateral). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bonds is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bonds begin to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by any of its agencies or instrumentalities will be considered U.S. Government securities by a Fund, while other CMOs,
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even if collateralized by U.S. Government securities, will have the same status as other privately issued securities for purposes of applying a Funds diversification tests.
FHLMC Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates which are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semi-annually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semi-annual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMCs mandatory sinking fund schedule, which in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payments of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMCs minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the pass-through nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMCs minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.
If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semi-annual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMCs minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds. Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment
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experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an IO class (defined below) of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual also will be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals generally are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has developed fairly recently and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed illiquid and subject to the Funds limitation on investment in illiquid securities.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (ARMBSs) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits a Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, a Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, a Fund holding an ARMBS does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBSs) are derivative multi-class mortgage-backed securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBSs usually are structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBSs will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will
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receive all of the interest (the IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Funds yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. SMBSs may be deemed illiquid and subject to a Funds limitation on investment in illiquid securities.
Other Asset-Backed Securities. Other asset-backed securities (unrelated to mortgage loans) may be offered to investors in the future and may be purchased by a Fund. Several types of asset-backed securities have already been offered to investors, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (EETCs) and Certificates for Automobile Receivables (CARS).
Although any entity may issue EETCs, to date, U.S. airlines are the primary issuers. An airline EETC is an obligation secured directly by aircraft or aircraft engines as collateral. Airline EETCs generally have credit enhancement in the form of overcollateralization and cross-subordination (i.e., multiple tranches and multiple aircraft as collateral). They also generally have a dedicated liquidity facility provided by a third-party insurer to ensure that coupon payments are made on a timely basis until collateral is liquidated in the event of a default by the lessor of the collateral. Aircraft EETCs issued by registered U.S. carriers also benefit from a special section of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which allows the aircraft to be sold by the trust holding the collateral to repay note holders without participating in bankruptcy proceedings. EETCs tend to be less liquid than bonds.
CARS represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of motor vehicle retail installment sales contracts and security interests in the vehicles securing the contracts. Payments of principal and interest on CARS are passed through monthly to certificate holders, and are guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trustee or originator of the trust. An investors return on CARS may be affected by early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contracts. If the letter of credit is exhausted, the trust may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on a sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to foreclosure sales of vehicles and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws or other factors. As a result, certificate holders may experience delays in payments or losses if the letter of credit is exhausted.
Consistent with a Funds investment objectives and policies, the Adviser also may invest in other types of asset-backed securities. Other asset-backed securities may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. The value of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets.
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MUNICIPAL BONDS
Each Fund may invest in municipal bonds that pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer (or on the basis of other authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable), is exempt from federal income taxes (municipal bonds), although dividends that such Fund pays that are attributable to such interest will not be tax-exempt to shareholders of that Fund.
Municipal bonds share the attributes of debt obligations in general, but generally are issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities. The municipal bonds that a Fund may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to former federal tax law. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuers general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Tax-exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuers general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds usually are related to the credit of the user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds is the responsibility of the user (and/or any guarantor).
Municipal bonds are subject to credit and market risk. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate less with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues. Prices and yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money-market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. Obligations of issuers of municipal bonds are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal bonds may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable.
MUNICIPAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS
The Funds may invest in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations of municipal authorities or entities (municipal lease obligations). Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which its taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipalitys covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payment due under the lease obligation. A Fund may also purchase certificates of
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participation, which are securities issued by a particular municipality or municipal authority to evidence a proportionate interest in base rental or lease payments relating to a specific project to be made by the municipality, agency or authority. However, certain lease obligations contain non-appropriation clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in any year unless money is appropriated for such purpose for such year. Although non-appropriation lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of default and foreclosure might prove difficult.
OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Each Fund may invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act and related rules and any exemptive relief from or interpretations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Each Fund may invest in other investment companies during periods when there is a shortage of attractive securities available in the market, or when a the Adviser believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. The Funds may also invest in other investment companies because the laws of some foreign countries may make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to invest directly in issuers organized or headquartered in those countries, or may limit such investments. The most efficient, and sometimes the only practical, means of investing in such companies may be through investment in other investment companies that in turn are authorized to invest in the securities of such issuers. The Funds may invest in investment companies that are advised by the Adviser or its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC.
As a stockholder in an investment company, a Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Funds management fees and other expenses with respect to assets so invested. A Funds shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same risks of leverage described in the Prospectuses and herein.
PARTICIPATION ON CREDITORS COMMITTEES
A Fund may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject a Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an insider of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict the Funds ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund would participate on such committees only when the Adviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Funds rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund.
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PREFERRED STOCK
Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a companys common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in that company. Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. The value of a companys preferred stock may fall as a result of factors relating directly to that companys products or services. A preferred stocks value also may fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of preferred stock also may be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates. In addition, a companys preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of the preferred stock usually will react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the companys financial condition or prospects. Preferred stocks of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than those of larger companies.
Fixed Rate Preferred Stocks. Some fixed rate preferred stocks, known as perpetual preferred stocks, offer a fixed return with no maturity date. Because they never mature, perpetual preferred stocks act like long-term bonds and can be more volatile than other types of preferred stocks that have a maturity date, and may have heightened sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Sinking fund preferred stocks also offer a fixed return, but have a maturity date and are retired or redeemed on a predetermined schedule. The shorter duration of sinking fund preferred stocks makes them perform somewhat like intermediate-term bonds and they typically have lower yields than perpetual preferred stocks.
Adjustable Rate and Auction Preferred Stocks. Typically, the dividend rate on an adjustable rate preferred stock is determined prospectively each quarter by applying an adjustment formula established at the time of issuance of the stock. Although adjustment formulas vary among issues, they typically involve a fixed premium or discount relative to rates on specified debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. Typically, an adjustment formula will provide for a fixed premium or discount adjustment relative to the highest base yield of three specified U.S. Treasury securities: the 90-day Treasury bill, the 10-year Treasury note and the 20-year Treasury bond. The premium or discount adjustment to be added to or subtracted from this highest U.S. Treasury base rate yield is fixed at the time of issue and cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of the stock. The dividend rate on other preferred stocks, commonly known as auction preferred stocks, is adjusted at intervals that may be more frequent than quarterly, such as every 49 days, based on bids submitted by holders and prospective purchasers of such stocks and may be subject to stated maximum and minimum dividend rates. The issues of most adjustable rate and auction preferred stocks currently outstanding are perpetual, but are redeemable after a specified date at the option of the issuer. Certain issues supported by the credit of a high-rated financial institution provide for mandatory redemption prior to expiration of the credit arrangement. No redemption can occur if full cumulative dividends are not paid. Although the dividend rates on adjustable and auction preferred stocks generally are adjusted or
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reset frequently, the market values of these preferred stocks still may fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. Market values of adjustable preferred stocks also may substantially fluctuate if interest rates increase or decrease once the maximum or minimum dividend rate for a particular stock is approached.
REAL ESTATE SECURITIES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES
Each Fund may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Each of these types of investments are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate, including loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, variations in market value and possible environmental liabilities.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs generally are classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs also can realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided that they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. A Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Fund. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to risks associated with such industry.
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REITs investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REITs investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REITs investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.
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REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
A repurchase agreement is a contract under which a Fund would acquire a security subject to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Funds cost plus interest). In the case of repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, the value of the underlying securities (or collateral) will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest factor. A Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. This risk includes the risk of procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. The Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of a portfolio-eligible security by a Fund, coupled with its agreement to repurchase the instrument at a specified time and price. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, a Fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leverage risk and the risk that the market value of securities retained by a Fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the Fund that it is obligated to repurchase. A Fund will segregate liquid assets equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to its obligations under reverse repurchase agreements with broker-dealers (but not banks). To the extent that positions in reverse repurchase agreements are not so covered, such transactions would be subject to a Funds limitations on borrowings.
A Fund also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as sale-buybacks. A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of a Funds repurchase of the underlying security.
RIGHTS AND WARRANTS
A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe for shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are often traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the
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market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
Warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. If the market price of the underlying stock does not exceed the exercise price during the life of the warrant or right, the warrant or right will expire worthless. Rights and warrants may increase the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities. Similarly, the percentage increase or decrease in the value of an equity security warrant may be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the value of the underlying common stock.
Warrants may relate to the purchase of equity or debt securities. Debt obligations with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible securities and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. Debt obligations also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional debt securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund to sell such warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, these warrants would generally expire with no value.
RULE 144A SECURITIES
Each Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale, but that are eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (Rule 144A Securities). Rule 144A permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Fund, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been registered for sale under that Act. Rule 144A Securities may be deemed illiquid, although the Fund may determine that certain Rule 144A Securities are liquid in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees.
SHORT SALES
Short sales are transactions in which a Fund sells a security or other instrument (such as an option, forward, future or other derivative contract) that it does not own. When a Fund engages in a short sale on a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. A Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee or premium to borrow a particular security and be obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividend or interest that accrue on the security during the period of the loan.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the proceeds it receives are retained by the broker until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. In order to deliver the security to the buyer, a Fund must arrange through a broker to borrow the security and, in so doing, the Fund becomes obligated to replace the security borrowed at its market price at the time of replacement, whatever that price may be.
A short sale is against the box if a Fund holds in its portfolio or has the right to acquire the security sold short at no additional cost. For these purposes, a short sale will be considered to be
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against the box if a Fund holds or has the right to acquire securities which, without the payment of further consideration, are convertible or exchangeable for the securities sold short. Short sales by a Fund that are not made against the box create opportunities to increase the Funds return but, at the same time, involve special risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique.
Short sales theoretically involve unlimited loss potential, as the market price of securities sold short may continuously increase, although a Fund may mitigate such losses by replacing the securities sold short before the market price has increased significantly. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when investment considerations would not favor such sales.
In the view of the SEC, a short sale involves the creation of a senior security as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless the sale is against the box, or unless a Funds obligation to deliver the securities sold short is covered by segregating cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale and any cash or securities required to be deposited as collateral with a broker in connection with the sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale), which difference is adjusted daily for changes in the value of the securities sold short. The total value of the cash and securities deposited with the broker and otherwise segregated may not at any time be less than the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale.
A Fund will not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position if doing so could create liabilities or require collateral deposits and segregation of assets aggregating more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets.
SHORT-TERM MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS
Short-term municipal securities include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes and short-term discount notes, among others.
Tax Anticipation Notes are used to finance working capital needs of municipalities and are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenues, to be payable from these specific future taxes. They are usually general obligations of the issuer, secured by the taxing power of the municipality for the payment of principal and interest when due.
Revenue Anticipation Notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as federal revenues available under the Federal Revenue Sharing Program. They also are usually general obligations of the issuer.
Bond Anticipation Notes normally are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. The long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
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Construction Loan Notes are sold to provide construction financing for specific projects. After successful completion and acceptance, many such projects receive permanent financing through FNMA or GNMA.
Short-Term Discount Notes (tax-exempt commercial paper) are short-term (365 days or less) promissory notes issued by municipalities to supplement their cash flow.
SOVEREIGN DEBT
Each Fund may invest in sovereign debt issued by foreign developed and emerging market governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies or instrumentalities, government sponsored enterprises and supra-national government entities. Supra-national entities include international organizations that are organized or supported by one or more government entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and by international banking institutions and related governmental agencies. Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities also may depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entitys implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtors obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtors ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt. Holders of sovereign debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.
A Funds investments in foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and any hedging activities will likely produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Funds income distributions to constitute returns of capital for tax purposes or require a Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes.
STOCKS OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM CAPITALIZATION COMPANIES
Investments in larger companies present certain advantages in that such companies generally have greater financial resources, more extensive research and development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities, and more stability and greater depth of management and
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technical personnel. Investments in smaller, less seasoned companies may present greater opportunities for growth but also may involve greater risks than customarily are associated with more established companies. The securities of micro-cap and other small capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent upon a limited management group. Their securities may be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. Owning large positions in this type of security involves the additional risk of possibly having to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times and prices if redemptions require the Fund to liquidate its securities positions.
Investments in securities of companies with medium market capitalizations share some of the risk characteristics of investments in securities of companies with small market capitalizations described above, although such companies tend to have longer operating histories, broader product lines and greater financial resources, and their securities tend to be more liquid and less volatile than those of smaller capitalization issuers.
STRUCTURED NOTES AND OTHER HYBRID INSTRUMENTS
Structured notes are privately negotiated debt obligations in which the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate, such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds. Depending on the terms of the note, a Fund may forgo all or part of the interest and principal that would be payable on a comparable conventional note. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index (es) or other asset(s). Application of a multiplier involves leverage which will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. Like other sophisticated strategies, a Funds use of structured notes may not work as intended; for example, by reducing the duration of the Funds portfolio, structured notes may limit the Funds return when having a longer duration would be beneficial (for instance, when interest rates decline). Structured instruments may be considered illiquid.
Each Fund may invest in other types of hybrid instruments which combine the characteristics of securities, futures and options. For example, the principal amount or interest rate of a hybrid could be tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate (each a benchmark). The interest rate or (unlike most debt obligations) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including duration management and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events that cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate
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or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of a Fund.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a Funds investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
U.S. Government securities are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of a Funds shares. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations; and still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. U.S. Government securities include securities that have no coupons, or that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, individual interest coupons from such securities that trade separately and evidences of receipt of such securities. Such securities may pay no cash income, and are purchased at a deep discount from their value at maturity. See Zero-Coupon Bonds, Step-Ups and Payment-In-Kind Securities. Custodial receipts issued in connection with so-called trademark zero-coupon securities, such as CATs and TIGRs, are not issued by the U.S. Treasury, and are therefore not U.S. Government securities, although the underlying bond represented by such receipt is a debt obligation of the U.S. Treasury. Other zero-coupon Treasury securities (e.g., STRIPs and CUBEs) are direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE SECURITIES
Variable or floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates which adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes, float at a fixed margin above a generally recognized base lending rate and/or reset or are redetermined (e.g., pursuant to an auction) on specified dates. These instruments may include, without limitation, variable rate preferred stock, bank loans, money market instruments and certain types of mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. Due to their variable or floating rate features, these instruments will generally pay higher levels of income in a rising interest rate environment and lower levels of income as interest rates decline. For the same reason, the market value of a variable or floating rate instrument is generally expected to have less sensitivity to fluctuations in market interest rates than a fixed-rate instrument, although the value of a floating rate instrument may nonetheless decline as interest rates rise and due to other factors, such as changes in credit quality.
The interest rate on inverse floating rate debt instrument (inverse floater) resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse
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floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.
WHEN-ISSUED, DELAYED DELIVERY AND FORWARD COMMITMENT TRANSACTIONS
A Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell securities for a predetermined price or yield, with payment and delivery taking place more than seven days in the future, or after a period longer than the customary settlement period for that type of security. When purchases of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis are outstanding, a Fund will segregate until the settlement date liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Typically, no income accrues on securities a Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated. Each Fund will limit such purchases to those in which the date for delivery and payment falls within one hundred twenty (120) days of the date of the commitment.
When purchasing a security on a delayed delivery basis, a Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Because a Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Funds other investments. If a Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage.
When a Fund has sold a security on a delayed delivery basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, a Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or could suffer a loss. A Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into, and may sell when-issued securities before they are delivered, which may result in a capital gain or loss.
Each Fund may make contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time (forward commitments) if a Fund either (i) segregates until the settlement date liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price or (ii) enters into an offsetting contract for the forward sale of securities of equal value that it owns. The Funds may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of foreign currencies. Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves. They involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in value of the Funds other assets. A Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement and may realize short-term profits or losses upon such disposition.
ZERO-COUPON BONDS, STEP-UPS AND PAYMENT-IN-KIND SECURITIES
Zero-coupon securities are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic payments of interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the
58
issuance of the obligations. Like zero-coupon bonds, step-up bonds pay no interest initially but eventually begin to pay a coupon rate prior to maturity, which rate may increase at stated intervals during the life of the security. Payment-in-kind securities (PIKs) pay dividends or interest in the form of additional securities of the issuer, rather than in cash. Each of these instruments is typically issued and traded at a deep discount from its face amount. The amount of the discount varies depending on such factors as the time remaining until maturity of the securities, prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. The market prices of zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs generally are more volatile than the market prices of debt instruments that pay interest currently and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than do other types of securities having similar maturities and credit quality. In order to satisfy a requirement for qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code, an investment company, such as a Fund, must distribute each year at least 90% of its net investment income, including the original issue discount accrued on zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs. Because a Fund will not, on a current basis, receive cash payments from the issuer of these securities in respect of any accrued original issue discount, in some years the Fund may have to distribute cash obtained from selling other portfolio holdings of the Fund. In some circumstances, such sales might be necessary in order to satisfy cash distribution requirements even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for a Fund to sell securities at such time. Under many market conditions, investments in zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs may be illiquid, making it difficult for a Fund to dispose of them or to determine their current value.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The following investment policies are fundamental investment policies. Fundamental investment policies are those that cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of a Funds outstanding voting securities. Except as otherwise noted in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information, the Funds investment objectives and policies are not fundamental, and may be changed without a vote of shareholders. A majority of a Funds outstanding voting securities, when used in this Statement of Additional Information, means the lesser of (i) sixty-seven percent (67%) of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting shares.
Each Fund may not:
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board of Trustees has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Funds portfolio securities. These policies and procedures are reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality of each Funds portfolio holdings information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information.
Each Fund may disclose portfolio holdings information as required by applicable law or as requested by governmental authorities. In addition, the Adviser will post the Funds portfolio holdings information on the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com]. The website will contain a full list of each Funds portfolio holdings as of the last day of each calendar month. The Adviser generally will post this information on the Funds website within 30 days after the end of the month. The Adviser will also post to the website within 45 days after the end of each calendar quarter the percentage of each Funds net value represented by each portfolio security (collectively with issuer name and value, the Portfolio Information). In addition, the Adviser will post the Funds ten largest portfolio holdings on the Funds website. The website will disclose the Portfolio Information of each Funds ten largest portfolio holdings as of the last day of each month. The Adviser will post this information on the Funds website generally within 10 business days after a months end. Such information will remain accessible on the website until the information is filed with the SEC as part of the Funds Form N-CSRs or Form N-Qs, as applicable.
Complete portfolio holdings of each Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the SEC as follows: (i) portfolio holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) portfolio holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarter will be filed on Form N-Q; and (iii) portfolio holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on
60
Form N-CSR. The Funds Forms N-CSR and Forms N-Q will be available on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. If a Funds portfolio holdings information is disclosed to the public (either through a filing on the SECs EDGAR website or otherwise) before the disclosure of the information on the Funds website, the Funds may post such information on its website.
Disclosure of a Funds portfolio holdings information that is not publicly available (Confidential Portfolio Information) may be made to the Adviser and to Morningstar Associates. In addition, the Adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to a Funds (i) service providers that require access to such information in order to fulfill their contractual duties with respect to the Fund (Service Providers), (ii) plan sponsors (provided that such sponsor agrees to use the information solely to evaluate whether to offer or continue to include the Funds in their platform), (iii) other financial intermediaries (such as brokerage, financial planning and consulting firms; provided that such intermediaries agree to use the information internally and only for purposes of determining whether the Funds are a suitable investment for their clients or in considering whether to recommend the Funds to their clients) (Intermediaries), and (iv) certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar Associates and Lipper Analytical Services) (Rating Agencies) for use in developing a rating.
Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers, plan sponsors, Intermediaries or Rating Agencies is permitted, the following conditions must be met: (i) the Funds Chief Compliance Officer has authorized the release of the Confidential Portfolio Information; (ii) the recipient must agree not to publish (or otherwise communicate) any information or to use the information to trade in Fund shares (or as part of any trading, hedging or arbitrage strategy); (iii) the recipient must either sign a confidentiality agreement or be subject to an independent duty to keep such information confidential; and (iv) the Confidential Portfolio Information must contain an appropriate confidentiality legend.
The Funds have ongoing arrangements to make Confidential Portfolio Information available to the following Service Providers, plan sponsors, Intermediaries and/or Rating Agencies, each of which is subject to either a written confidentiality agreement that addresses trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or an independent duty to keep such information confidential [to be updated by amendment]:
|
Name of Vendor |
|
Type of Service |
|
Frequency |
|
Lag Time |
|
Americh Massena and Associates |
|
Rating/Ranking |
|
Quarterly |
|
At least 30 days |
|
Merrill Corp. |
|
Printing |
|
Periodically |
|
At least 30 days |
|
Bowne & Co. |
|
Printing |
|
Periodically |
|
At least 30 days |
|
PNC AOS |
|
Mail House |
|
Periodically |
|
At least 30 days |
|
Vestek |
|
Data Provider |
|
Daily |
|
None |
|
Thompson Financial |
|
Rating/Ranking |
|
Periodically |
|
At least 30 days |
|
Morningstar, Inc. |
|
Rating/Ranking |
|
Quarterly |
|
At least 30 days |
|
Glass Lewis |
|
Proxy Services |
|
Daily |
|
None |
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company |
|
Custody and Fund Accounting |
|
Daily |
|
None |
|
Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. |
|
Rating/Ranking |
|
Quarterly |
|
At least 30 days |
Any separate account clients of the Adviser have access to their portfolio holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. The Adviser may manage separate accounts that have investment objectives and strategies that are substantially similar or identical
61
to those of the Funds, and therefore potentially substantially similar, and in certain cases nearly identical, portfolio holdings, as the Funds. Neither the Funds nor the Adviser and its affiliates may receive any compensation or other consideration for disclosing Confidential Portfolio Information.
Exceptions to these procedures may only be made if the Funds Chief Compliance Officer determines that granting an exemption is in the best interests of the Funds and is based upon legitimate business purposes and if the recipient is subject to a confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or is subject to an independent duty to keep such information confidential.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Trusts Board of Trustees. The Adviser, Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers serve as investment managers to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Trust (the Management Contract), an asset allocation subadvisory agreement between Morningstar Associates and the Adviser (the Asset Allocation Agreement), and subadvisory agreements between each Sleeve Subadviser and the Adviser (each, a Subadvisory Contract), respectively. The Trusts Board of Trustees oversees the Adviser and decides upon matters of general policy. The Board of Trustees meets at least four (4) times per year, and reviews the performance and operations of the Funds. Morningstar Associates allocates assets among the Sleeve Subadvisers and, with the Adviser, generally supervises the daily investment advisory services provided to the Funds by the Sleeve Subadvisers. In addition, the Adviser intends to manage one or more sleeves of each Funds portfolio itself, from time to time. Morningstar Associates may adjust the relative sizes of the sleeves from time to time.
OFFICERS/TRUSTEES
The following table reflects the name and age, position(s) held with the Trust, the term of office and length of time served, the principal occupation(s) during the past five (5) years, other directorships held, and the number of portfolios overseen in the Pax World Fund Family of those persons who are the trustees and/or officers of the Funds. The trustees and officers set forth in the first table below (Interested Trustees and Officers) are considered interested persons under the 1940 Act by virtue of their position or affiliation with the Adviser. The trustees in the second table (Disinterested Trustees) are not considered interested persons and have no affiliation with the Adviser. The business address of each trustee and officer is 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801.
Interested Trustees and Officers
|
Name and Age |
|
Position(s) Held With the |
|
Principal Occupation(s) |
|
Number of Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laurence A. Shadek ([59]) |
|
Trustee (since 2006) |
|
Chairman of the Board of the Adviser (1996-present); Executive Vice-President of |
|
[ ] |
62
|
Name and Age |
|
Position(s) Held With the |
|
Principal Occupation(s) |
|
Number of Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
H.G. Wellington (1986-present); Executive Vice President of Pax World Money Market Fund (1998-2008); Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Pax World Balanced Fund (1996-2006), Pax World Growth Fund (1997-2006), and Pax World High Yield Bond Fund (1999-2006); member of the Board of Trustees of Franklin & Marshall College (1998-present). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joseph Keefe ([56]) |
|
Trustee, Chief
Executive Officer |
|
Chief Executive Officer (2005-present) and President (2006-present) of the Adviser; President of Pax World Money Market Fund (2006-2008); Senior Vice President of the Pax World Balanced, Pax World Growth, and Pax World High Yield Bond Fund (2005-2006); President of New Circle Communications LLC (2000-2005); Co-Chair of The Carbon Coalition (2003-present); member of the Boards of Directors of On Belay (2006-present), Americans for Campaign Reform (2003-present), Women Thrive Worldwide (2009 present) and the Social Investment Forum (2000-2006). |
|
[ ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Boese ([46]) |
|
Chief Compliance
Officer |
|
Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser (2006-present); Vice President and Chief Regulatory Officer of the Boston Stock Exchange, Boston, MA (2000-2006). |
|
N/A |
63
|
Name and Age |
|
Position(s) Held With the |
|
Principal Occupation(s) |
|
Number of Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maureen Conley ([47]) |
|
Secretary (since 2006) |
|
Senior Vice President of Shareholder Services/Operations (2005-present) and Manager of Shareholder Services (2000-2005) for the Adviser. |
|
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alicia K. DuBois ([49]) |
|
Treasurer (since 2006) |
|
Chief Financial Officer for the Adviser (2006-present); Assistant Treasurer for both Jefferson Pilot Investment Advisory Corp. and Jefferson Pilot Variable Fund, Inc. (2001-2006); and Assistant Vice President at Lincoln Financial Group (formerly Jefferson-Pilot Corp.) (2005-2006) |
|
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Janet Lawton Spates ([39]) |
|
Assistant Treasurer (since 2006) |
|
Vice President of Administration (2006-present), Treasurer (1998-2006) and Chief Financial Officer (2001-2006) of the Adviser; Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer of the Pax World Funds (1998-2006). |
|
N/A |
64
Disinterested Trustees
|
Name and Age |
|
Position(s) Held
With the |
|
Principal
Occupation(s) |
|
Number
of Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adrian P. Anderson ([54])(2) |
|
Trustee (since 2007) |
|
Chief Executive Officer of North Point Advisers, LLC (2004-present); Senior Consultant of Gray and Co.(1999-2004). |
|
[ ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carl H. Doerge, Jr. ([70])(2) |
|
Chairman of the Board of Trustees; Trustee (since 2006) |
|
Private investor (1995-present); member of the Board of Trustees and Police Commissioner of the Village of Upper Brookville, NY (1998-present); member of the Board of Directors (1998-present) and Chairman of the Investment Committee (1999-present) of St. Johnland Nursing Home in Kings Park, NY |
|
[ ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cynthia Hargadon ([53])(3) |
|
Trustee (since 2006) |
|
Managing Director of CRA Rogers Casey (2006-present); Senior Consultant of North Point Advisers, LLC (2003-2006); President of Potomac Asset Management, Inc. (2000-2002). |
|
[ ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Louis F. Laucirica ([66])(2) |
|
Trustee (since 2006) |
|
Associate Dean and Director of Undergraduate Studies of Stevens Institute of Technology, Howe School (1999-present). |
|
[ ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nancy S. Taylor ([53])(3) |
|
Trustee (since 2006) |
|
Senior Minister, Old South Church in Boston, MA (2005-present); Minister and President, Massachusetts Conference, United Church of Christ (2001-2005); Trustee, Andover Newton Theological School (2002-present); Board of Managers, Old South Meeting House (2005-present); Director, Ecclesia Ministries, a ministry to Bostons homeless population (2003-present). |
|
[ ] |
65
* * * * *
None of the officers or trustees of the Funds are related to one another by blood, marriage or adoption.
Ownership of Shares in the Pax World Fund Family
The following table shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by the trustees in the Funds as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, and, on an aggregate basis, in any investment company overseen by the trustee in the Pax World Fund Family as of [December 30, 2009]:
66
|
|
|
Interested Trustees |
|
Disinterested Trustees |
|
||||||||||
|
Fund |
|
Mr. |
|
Mr. Joseph |
|
Mr. Adrian |
|
Mr. Carl
H. |
|
Ms. |
|
Mr. Louis |
|
Dr. Nancy |
|
|
Aggressive Growth Allocation |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Growth Allocation |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Moderate Allocation |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Conservative Allocation |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Aggregate Across All Funds |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
Compensation of Trustees
The Trust pays each disinterested trustee an annual retainer of [$16,000] ([$25,000] for the Chairman). In addition, the Trust currently pays each disinterested trustee a fee of [$4,000] for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Trustees. Trustees are also reimbursed for their travel expenses for attending meetings of the Board of Trustees. In addition, the Trust pays [$2,500] to each member of the Audit Committee for attendance at each Audit Committee meeting, and [$2,500] to each member of the Nominating Committee for attendance at each Nominating Committee meeting, plus reimbursement in each case for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. Other than the foregoing amounts, trustees do not receive compensation from the Trust for services performed as a trustee.
The following table sets forth compensation information relating to trustees of the Trust:
|
|
|
Interested Trustees |
|
Disinterested Trustees |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fund |
|
Joseph |
|
Laurence |
|
Adrian |
|
Carl |
|
Cynthia |
|
Louis |
|
Nancy |
|
|||||||
|
Aggregate Compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Aggressive Growth Allocation |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
|
Growth Allocation |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
||
|
Moderate Allocation |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
||
|
Conservative Allocation |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
$ |
[0] |
|
||
67
|
|
|
Interested Trustees |
|
Disinterested Trustees |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fund |
|
Joseph |
|
Laurence |
|
Adrian |
|
Carl |
|
Cynthia |
|
Louis |
|
Nancy |
|
|||||||
|
Aggregate Pension Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total Compensation from the Funds and the Pax World Fund Family(1) |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Other Accounts Managed
The following table summarizes information regarding other accounts managed by the co-portfolio managers of the Funds. The information is as of [September 30, 2009], and includes amounts managed by a team, committee, or other group that includes the portfolio manager.
|
Portfolio Manager |
|
Other
Pooled |
|
Other |
|
Other |
|
|||
|
Christopher H. Brown |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
|
Anthony Trzcinka |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
|
Mary V. Austin |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
|
Jon Hale |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
|
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
$ |
[ ] |
|
The following table provides information regarding other accounts and assets managed for which the advisory fee is based on performance:
|
Portfolio Manager |
|
Other
Pooled |
|
Other |
|
Other |
|
|
Christopher H. Brown |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Anthony Trzcinka |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Mary V. Austin |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
Jon Hale |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
[ ] |
|
None |
|
None |
|
None |
|
68
Conflicts
In managing other portfolios, the Adviser, Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers may be subject to potential conflicts of interest. Potential conflicts include, for example, conflicts among investment strategies, conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities, or conflicts due to different fees. As part of their compliance programs, the Adviser, Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers have adopted policies and procedures that seek to address and minimize the effects of these conflicts.
Certain investment personnel of the Adviser, Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers manage more than one portfolio. Investment personnel make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objective, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations that such individual believes are applicable to that account. Consequently, investment personnel may recommend the purchase (or sale) of certain securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. Securities purchased in one portfolio may perform better than the securities purchased for another portfolio.
Similarly, securities sold from one portfolio may result in better performance for that portfolio if the value of that security declines. Generally, however, portfolios in a particular product strategy (e.g., growth equity) with similar objectives are managed similarly. Accordingly, portfolio holdings and industry and sector exposure tend to be similar across a group of portfolios in a strategy that have similar objectives, which generally minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest. While these portfolios have many similarities, the investment performance of each portfolio will be different primarily due to differences in investment guidelines, fees, expenses and cash flows.
In addition, the Adviser and each of the Sleeve Subadvisers have adopted trade aggregation and allocation procedures that seek to treat all clients fairly and equitably. These policies and procedures address the allocation of limited investment opportunities, such as thinly-traded securities or oversubscribed public offerings. While no portfolios under the Advisers or any Sleeve Subadvisers management have performance fees, some portfolios may have higher fees than others or may compensate the Sleeve Subadviser at higher rates than they receive from the Adviser with respect to the Funds. These differences may give rise to the potential conflict that a portfolio manager may allocate more time to the management of one account over another. While none of the Adviser, Morningstar Associates, or the Sleeve Subadvisers monitor the specific amount of time that a portfolio manager spends on a single portfolio, the Adviser, Morningstar Associates, and other Sleeve Subadviser personnel periodically review the performance of the portfolio managers as well as periodically assess whether each portfolio manager has adequate resources to manage effectively the portfolios assigned to that portfolio manager.
When Morningstar Associates and each of the Sleeve Subadvisers manage separate accounts, potential conflicts of interest may arise similar to those described above with respect to managing multiple portfolios. Investment personnel may manage separate accounts, including proprietary accounts or other pooled investment vehicles (Other Accounts) that may have substantially similar holdings to those of the Funds. Side-by-side management of these Other Accounts may give rise to conflicts of interest. Investment personnel may be buying or selling
69
the same securities for the Funds and the Other Accounts from time to time. Other Accounts may have materially different (and potentially higher) fee arrangements. The management of Other Accounts may detract from the time and attention that investment personnel devote to the Funds. To address potential conflicts of interest, Morningstar Associates and each of the Sleeve Subadvisers have developed policies and procedures with respect to cross-trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of orders. It is possible, of course, that these policies and procedures may not always be adequate to protect the Funds from conflicts of interest. For example, the Other Accounts may direct the Sleeve Subadvisers to trade with a designated broker which may preclude aggregation and allocation of orders to buy or sell a security from time to time, potentially resulting in the Other Accounts trading in the same securities ahead of or after the Funds. In addition, some Sleeve Subadvisers may arrange for the Adviser to trade securities for their sleeves. This may also preclude aggregation of orders.
Compensation
The Adviser
The Adviser seeks to maintain highly competitive compensation programs designed to attract and retain outstanding investment professionals, which include portfolio managers and research analysts, and to align the interests of their investment professionals with that of their clients and overall firm results. Generally, each portfolio managers compensation consists of a base salary and, in some cases, additional incentive or performance-based bonus. In addition, each portfolio manager also is eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and other benefits available to all of the Advisers employees. Incentive or performance-based compensation of investment professionals may be higher or lower with respect to Other Accounts than with respect to the Funds.
[Subadviser A]
[To be updated by amendment.]
[Subadviser B]
[Subadviser B]s compensation methodology for the other portfolio managers consists of:
Base Salary. Base salary is a fixed amount determined at the beginning of each compensation year. Base salaries vary within [Subadviser B] based on position responsibilities, years of service and contribution to long-term performance of the Funds.
Discretionary Bonus Pool. Bonuses are determined through an annual performance evaluation process based on qualitative and quantitative factors. In 2008, quantitative factors for [Subadviser B]s portfolio managers included the performance of the respective fund(s) managed by the portfolio manager relative to appropriate benchmarks and peer groups over a number of periods. [Subadviser B]s portfolio managers who also serve as industry analysts are measured on the performance of companies covered by that analyst, both those that are purchased for a Fund and those that are not. The discretionary bonus will consist of cash and mutual fund shares
70
purchased by [Subadviser B] in the Fund(s) managed by the portfolio manager. In addition, all members of [Subadviser B]s research department who serve as industry analysts are evaluated on five qualitative factors: technical skills, productivity, communication skills, industry knowledge and consistent exhibition of [Subadviser B]s firm values.
Annual Stock Grants. Portfolio managers may be awarded discretionary grants of stock in [Subadviser B], based on position responsibilities, years of service and contribution to long-term performance of the Funds.
Additionally, as Vice Chairman and Director of Research responsible for [Subadviser B]s investment and research team, Mr. [ ] has the ability to earn an annual incentive that is given at the sole discretion of Mr. [ ]
[Subadviser C]
[To be updated by amendment.]
[Subadviser D]
Ms. [ ]s total compensation is based on the total net assets of the Funds under management (up to $400 million), with any compensation for assets of the Funds under management over $400 million at the discretion of [Subadviser D]. Ms. [ ] is paid an annual bonus that accounts for less that 10% of her total compensation and that is paid based on the overall profitability of [Subadviser D]. [ ] and [ ] are paid fixed salaries, with annual bonuses that account for less than 10% of their total compensation and that are paid based on the overall profitability of [Subadviser D].
[Subadviser E]
Messrs. [ ] and [ ] are compensated on the basis of a salary plus performance bonus. Base salaries are developed using the same criteria employed in determining salary classifications for all employees of [Subadviser E], as well as the [Subadviser E]s parent, [Subadviser E], Inc. The four factors that determine salary classification for the portfolio managers are: (i) Knowledge and Skills (measurable amount of knowledge required to perform the duties of the job and the breadth and depth of knowledge needed), (ii) Decisions and Actions required (this factor measures the need for the ability to exercise judgment and to effect independent decisions and actions), (iii) Relationships Responsibility (measures the requirements for the ability to meet and deal with others effectively as indicated by the nature, scope and importance of the relationships that are necessary for satisfactory performance), and (iv) Supervisory Responsibility (measures the degree to which the employee is required to plan, organize, direct or supervise the work of others in the organization). The bonus for the Funds is structured in a manner that balances the short term (one-year) and longer term (three-year and five-year) investment performance. Mr. [ ]s and Mr. [ ]s bonus is weighted 33% for one-year performance (pre-tax), 33% for three-year performance (pre-tax), and 33% for five-year performance (pre-tax).
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[Subadviser E] also contributes an amount equal to 6.5% of each portfolio managers salary to his Mennonite Retirement Trust (MRT) account, a defined contribution qualified plan. This contribution is made at the end of each month. In addition to the MRT contribution, [Subadviser E] offers a 401(k) plan to employees. [Subadviser E] matches 25 cents per dollar up to 6% of their personal contribution. This match is completed at the end of the year. There are no deferred compensation plans established for the portfolio managers. There is no asset growth-based incentive offered to these portfolio managers.
[Subadviser F]
A portion of the compensation paid to each portfolio manager for management of [Subadviser F] is determined by comparisons to pre-determined peer groups and benchmarks, as opposed to a system dependent on a percent of management fees. The portfolio managers are paid a base salary that is not dependent on performance. Each portfolio manager also has a target bonus, which is set each year and can be increased or decreased prior to payment based in part on performance measured against the relevant peer group and benchmark. Performance is measured on a three-year rolling average in order to emphasize longer-term performance. There is also a subjective component to determining the bonus, which consists of the following factors: (i) the individuals willingness to work with the marketing and sales groups; (ii) his or her effectiveness in building a franchise; and (iii) client servicing. Senior management determines this component in appropriate cases. There are additional components that comprise the portfolio managers compensation packages, including: (i) whether the portfolio manager was a partner/principal of [Subadviser F] prior to [ ]s initial public offering; (ii) for more recent hires, incentives that may have been negotiated at the time the portfolio manager joined the [Subadviser F] complex; and (iii) the total amount of assets for which the portfolio manager is responsible.
Certain portfolio managers may manage products other than mutual funds, such as high net worth separate accounts. For the management of these accounts, a portfolio manager will generally receive a percentage of pre-tax revenue determined on a monthly basis less third party payouts (e.g., a finders fee or referral fee paid to a third party). To determine the percentage of revenue a portfolio manager receives, the aggregate fees collected on the accounts for which the portfolio manager are responsible are compared to a predetermined benchmark of fees that is grown 4% per annum.
In addition, portfolio managers who also manage hedge funds may receive a percentage of yearly pre-tax revenue generated from the management and incentive fees paid by hedge fund investors.
[Subadviser F]s portfolio managers have always had a degree of independence that they would not get at other firms that have, for example, investment committees. [Subadviser F] believes that its portfolio managers are retained not only through compensation and opportunities for advancement, but also by a collegial and stable money management environment.
In addition, there are additional stock and option award programs available.
[Subadviser F] believes the measurement versus the peer groups on a three-year rolling average basis creates a meaningful disincentive to try and beat the peer group and benchmark in any
72
given year by taking undue risks in portfolio management. The incentive is to be a solid performer over the longer-term, not necessarily to be a short-term winner in any given year.
[Subadviser G]
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G], which includes [ ], determines his salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. [ ] may also earn income as majority owner in [Subadviser G]. |
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[ ] |
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G], which includes [ ], determines his salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. [ ] may also earn compensation based on the profitability of [Subadviser G] through his ownership interest in [Subadviser G]. |
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Performance Bonus |
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As part of [ ]s compensation, he may receive a bonus based on the pre-tax performance of the [Subadviser G] Equity Income Fund over multiple years versus the S&P 500 Index. |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[Subadviser G] allocates a certain percentage of its pre-tax earnings to all full-time employees and owners. As an eligible employee and owner, [ ] receives profit sharing based on a percentage of his salary and ownership. |
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[ ] |
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Salary |
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G] determines [ ]s salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. [ ] may also earn compensation based on the profitability of [Subadviser G] through his ownership interest in [Subadviser G]. |
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Performance Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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As part of [ ]s compensation, he may receive a bonus based on the pre-tax performance of the [Subadviser G] Mid-Cap Fund over multiple years versus the Russell Mid-Cap Index. |
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Profit Sharing Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[Subadviser G] allocates a certain percentage of its pre-tax earnings to all full-time employees. As an eligible employee and owner, [ ] receives a bonus based on a percentage of his salary. |
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[ ] |
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Salary |
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G] determines [ ]s salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. |
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Performance Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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As part of [ ]s compensation, she may receive a bonus based on the pre-tax performance of the [Subadviser G] Mid-Cap Fund over multiple years versus the Russell Mid-Cap Index. |
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Profit Sharing Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[Subadviser G] allocates a certain percentage of its pre-tax earnings to all full-time employees. As an eligible employee, [ ] receives a bonus based on a percentage of her salary. |
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[ ] |
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G] determines [ ]s salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. |
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Performance Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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As part of [ ]s compensation, he may receive a bonus based on the pre-tax performance of the [Subadviser G] Mid-Cap Fund over multiple years versus the Russell Mid-Cap Index. |
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Profit Sharing Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[Subadviser G] allocates a certain percentage of its pre-tax earnings to all full-time employees. As an eligible employee, [ ] receives a bonus based on a percentage of his salary. |
74
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[ ] |
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Salary |
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[Subadviser G] |
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The board of directors of [Subadviser G] determines [ ]s salary on an annual basis, and it is a fixed amount throughout the year. It is not based on the performance of the Funds or on the value of the assets held in the Funds portfolios. |
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Performance Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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As part of [ ]s compensation, he may receive a bonus based on the pre-tax performance of the [Subadviser G] Fixed-Income Fund over multiple years versus the Lipper A-Rated Fund Average. |
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Profit Sharing Bonus |
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[Subadviser G] |
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[Subadviser G] allocates a certain percentage of its pre-tax earnings to all full-time employees. As an eligible employee, [ ] receives a bonus based on a percentage of his salary. |
[Subadviser H]
Each portfolio manager is compensated for his services by [Subadviser H]. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, each portfolio managers compensation consisted of a fixed base salary plus an annual bonus, which is based on firm profits and achievement of the portfolio managers stated objectives for the year.
[Subadviser I]
The portfolio managers and investment committee members compensation consists of a fixed salary, a bonus, and a retirement plan. A portfolio managers salary and bonus is not based on the performance of [Subadviser I] or other managed accounts. Salary is determined by the position a portfolio manager holds, as well as his or her experience, education, merit, productivity and contribution to the management team. Regular salary surveys are conducted to ensure salaries are paid with the appropriate range in accordance with industry standards. Bonuses are determined by the profits of [Subadviser I] for the fiscal year. The distributions of the bonuses to all employees are based on a wide range of factors as applied to each employee, including length of employment, position held and employee performance. The portfolio managers participate in a fixed retirement plan that is available to all employees of the firm.
[Subadviser J]
Compensation. [Subadviser J]s methodology for measuring and rewarding the contribution made by portfolio managers combines quantitative measures with qualitative measures. [Subadviser J]s portfolio managers are compensated for their services to the Funds and to other accounts they manage in a combination of base salary and annual discretionary bonus, as well as the standard retirement, health and welfare benefits available to all [Subadviser J] employees. Base salary of [Subadviser J] employees is determined by reference to the level of responsibility inherent in the role and the experience of the incumbent, is benchmarked annually against market
75
data to ensure competitive salaries, and is paid in cash. The portfolio managers base salary is fixed and is subject to an annual review and will increase if market movements make this necessary or if there has been an increase in responsibilities.
Each portfolio managers bonus is based in part on performance. Discretionary bonuses for portfolio managers may be comprised of an agreed contractual floor, a revenue component and/or a discretionary component. Any discretionary bonus is determined by a number of factors. At a macro level the total amount available to spend is a function of the compensation to revenue ratio achieved by [Subadviser J] globally. [Subadviser J] then assesses the performance of the division and of a management team to determine the share of the aggregate bonus pool that is spent in each area. This focus on team maintains consistency and minimizes internal competition that may be detrimental to the interests of [Subadviser J]s clients. For each team, [Subadviser J] assesses the performance of their funds relative to competitors and to relevant benchmarks, which may be internally-and/or externally-based, over one and/or three year periods, the level of funds under management and the level of performance fees generated. Performance is evaluated for each quarter, year and since inception of the relevant Fund. The portfolio managers compensation for other accounts they manage may be based upon such accounts performance.
For those employees receiving significant bonuses, a part may deferred in the form of [Subadviser J] stock. These employees may also receive part of the deferred award in the form of notional cash investments in a range of [Subadviser J] funds. These deferrals vest over a period of three years and are designed to ensure that the interests of the employees are aligned with those of the shareholders of [Subadviser J].
For the purposes of determining the portfolio managers bonuses, the relevant external benchmarks for performance comparison include: MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net Div) for Messrs. [ ], [ ], [ ] and [ ] as portfolio managers of Schroder Emerging Market Equity Fund; a blend of international benchmarks for Ms. [ ] and Mr. [ ] as portfolio managers of [Subadviser J] International Alpha Fund; Morgan Stanley International EAFE Index for Mr. [ ] as portfolio manager of [Subadviser J] International Diversified Value Fund; FTSE North American Index and S&P 500 Index for Messrs. [ ] and [ ] as portfolio managers of [Subadviser J] North American Equity Fund; Russell 2000 Index and Russell 2500 Index for Ms. [ ] as portfolio manager of [Subadviser J] U.S. Opportunities Fund and [Subadviser J] U.S. Small and Mid Cap Opportunities Fund, respectively; Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index for Messrs. [ ], [ ],[ ], [ ], [ ] and [ ] as portfolio managers of [Subadviser J] Total Return Fixed Income Fund, respectively.
Ownership of Securities
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced operations and therefore, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the portfolio managers do not beneficially own any securities of the Funds as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet begun operations and therefore no person owned of record or beneficially five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of shares of any Fund.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Funds as well as each of the Adviser, Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers have adopted a Code of Ethics (each, a Code of Ethics) under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics of each such adviser or subadviser permits personnel subject to the Code of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, subject to certain limitations. Each Code of Ethics varies from one another.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
The policies and procedures that the Funds use to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds have been included as part of Appendix A hereto. Each Sleeve Subadviser with prior ESG experience votes proxies under its own policies, while the Adviser may vote proxies relating to portfolio securities managed by certain Sleeve Subadvisers, including so-called non-ESG Sleeve Subadvisers, according to the Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures.
In the case of proxies voted by a Sleeve Subadviser pursuant to the Sleeve Subadvisers proxy voting guidelines, the Adviser will request the Sleeve Subadviser to certify to the Adviser that the Sleeve Subadviser has voted the Funds proxies in accordance with the Sleeve Subadvisers proxy voting guidelines and that such proxy votes were executed in a manner consistent with the Sleeve Subadvisors proxy voting policy, and to provide the Adviser with a report detailing any instances where the Sleeve Subadviser voted any proxies in a manner inconsistent with the Sleeve Subadvisers proxy voting guidelines. The Adviser will then report to the Board on an annual basis regarding the Sleeve Subadviser certification and report to the Board any instance where the Sleeve Subadviser voted any proxies in a manner inconsistent with the Funds proxy voting guidelines.
Information regarding how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 for which Sleeve Subadvisors have filed N-PX forms is available without charge, upon request, by telephoning Pax World (toll-free) at [800- - ] or by visiting the Funds website at [www.esgmanagers.com], and is available without charge by visiting the SECs web site at www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
ADVISER
GENERAL
Pax World Management Corp., 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03801 is the adviser to the Funds. The Adviser was incorporated in 1970 under the laws of the State of Delaware. As of September 30, 2009, the Adviser had approximately $2.3 billion in
77
assets under management. The Adviser currently manages investments for clients other than the Funds, and may continue to do so in the future.
Substantially all of the Advisers capital stock is currently owned by Mr. Laurence A. Shadek and members of his family. As a result, the Shadek family may be deemed to control the Adviser.
MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
Pursuant to the terms of the Management Contract, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, is responsible for managing the assets of the Funds in accordance with the Funds investment objectives, investment programs and policies.
Pursuant to the Management Contract, the Adviser has contracted to have overall supervisory responsibility for: (i) the general management and investment of each Funds securities portfolio; (ii) the evaluation, selection and recommendation to the Board of Trustees of the hiring, termination, replacement and compensation of Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers to manage the assets of each Fund; (iii) overseeing and monitoring the ongoing performance of Morningstar Associates and the Sleeve Subadvisers, including their compliance with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of those Funds; and (iv) the implementation of procedures and policies to ensure that the Sleeve Subadvisers comply with the Funds investment objectives, policies and restrictions. The Adviser also has contracted to provide office space and certain management and administrative facilities for the Funds. In return for such services, each Fund will pay, on a monthly basis, an advisory fee to the Adviser (the Advisory fee) based on a percentage of each Funds average daily net assets, at an annual rate as follows:
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Annual Rate of Advisory fee |
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Aggressive Growth Allocation |
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[ ] |
% |
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Growth Allocation |
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[ ] |
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[ ] |
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[ ] |
% |
Under the Management Contract, any liability of the Adviser to the Trust and/or its shareholders is limited to situations involving the Advisers own willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or the reckless disregard of its obligations or duties.
The Management Contract may be terminated with respect to a Fund at any time on at least 30 days, but no more than 60 days, written notice by the Adviser or by the Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund. The Management Contract will automatically terminate upon any assignment thereof and shall continue in effect from year to year only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Adviser or the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
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The Adviser pays all salaries of officers of the Trust. The Trust pays all expenses not assumed by the Adviser.
* * * * *
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced operations and therefore has not paid the Adviser any Advisory fee.
ASSET ALLOCATION AGREEMENT
Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Allocation Agreement between Morningstar Associates and the Adviser, Morningstar Associates, subject to the supervisions of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and the Adviser, is responsible for certain portfolio construction services for the Funds.
Pursuant to the Asset Allocation Agreement Morningstar Associates has contracted to have supervisory responsibility for: (i) the implementation of the asset allocation strategy of each Fund, (ii) the amount of assets allocated to each Sleeve Subadviser and/or the Adviser, (iii) the evaluation, selection and recommendation to the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of hiring, termination and replacement of Sleeve Subadvisers to manage the assets of each Fund, and (iv) overseeing and monitoring the ongoing performance of Sleeve Subadvisers of each Fund, including their compliance with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the relevant Fund. For its services under the Asset Allocation Agreement, Morningstar Associates receives from the Adviser a fee based on a percentage of the applicable Funds average daily net assets from the Advisers advisory fee (the Lead Subadvisory fee) at an annual rate as follows:
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The Lead Subadvisory fee is accrued daily and paid monthly. Morningstar Associates, at its discretion, may voluntarily waive all or a portion of its Lead Subadvisory fee.
Under the Asset Allocation Agreement, any liability of Morningstar Associates to the Funds and/or its shareholders is limited to situations involving Morningstar Associates breach of fiduciary duty under the 1940 Act and other applicable laws and regulations with respect to receipt of compensation for its services or its willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or the reckless disregard of its obligations or duties.
The Asset Allocation Agreement may be terminated with respect to a Fund at any time on 60 days written notice by Morningstar Associates, the Adviser, by the Board of Trustees of the Trust on behalf of the relevant Fund or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund. The Management Contract will automatically terminate upon any assignment thereof and shall continue in effect from year to year only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and (ii) by vote of a majority of the
79
Trustees who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Adviser or the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
SUBADVISORY CONTRACTS
Pursuant to Subadvisory Contracts, the Sleeve Subadvisers manage the Funds portfolios of securities and make decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of investments, subject to the general control of the Board of Trustees of the Funds, the Adviser, and Morningstar Associates.
The Subadvisory Contracts are terminable without penalty by the Fund on sixty days written notice when authorized either by majority vote of the Funds outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board of Trustees who are not interested parties, or by the Sleeve Subadviser on sixty days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of their assignment. The Subadvisory Contracts provide that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Sleeve Subadviser, or of reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder, the Sleeve Subadviser shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
For their services under their respective Subadvisory Contracts, each Sleeve Subadviser receives from the Adviser a fee based on a percentage of the applicable sleeves average daily net assets from the Advisers advisory fee (the Subadvisory fees).
The Subadvisory fees are accrued daily and paid monthly. Each Sleeve Subadviser, at its discretion, may voluntarily waive all or a portion of its respective Subadvisory fee.
Investment advisory fees and operating expenses which are attributable to each Class of the Fund will be allocated daily to each Class based on the relative values of net assets at the end of the day. Additional expenses for shareholder services and distribution services provided by participating organizations to Fund shareholders may be compensated by [ALPS Distributors, Inc.] from its own resources which includes the shareholder servicing fees and past profits, or by the Adviser and/or Sleeve Subadvisers from their own resources, which includes the advisory or Subadvisory fees and administrative services fee. Expenses incurred in the distribution and the servicing of Institutional Class shares shall be paid by the Adviser. (See Distribution and Shareholder Services herein.)
DISTRIBUTOR
ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203 (the Distributor), serves as the principal underwriter of the Funds shares pursuant to a distribution contract with the Trust. The Distributor has no obligation to buy the Funds shares, and purchases the Funds shares only upon receipt of orders from authorized financial services firms or investors.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 (State Street), serves as custodian of the Funds portfolio securities and cash, including the Funds foreign securities, and, in that capacity, maintains certain financial and accounting books and
80
records pursuant to an agreement with the Funds. Under the agreement, State Street may hold foreign securities at its principal offices and its branches, and subject to approval by the Board of Trustees at a foreign branch of a qualified U.S. bank, with an eligible foreign sub-custodian, or with an eligible foreign securities depository.
Pursuant to rules or other exemptions under the 1940 Act, the Funds may maintain foreign securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible foreign banks and securities depositories. Selection of these foreign custodial institutions is currently made by the Funds foreign custody manager (currently, its custodian) following a consideration of a number of factors. Currently, the Board of Trustees reviews annually the continuance of foreign custodial arrangements for the Funds, but reserves the right to discontinue this practice as permitted by Rule 17f-5. No assurance can be given that the appraisal of the risks in connection with foreign custodial arrangements will always be correct or that expropriation, nationalization, freezes, or confiscation of assets that would impact assets of the Funds will not occur, and shareholders bear the risk of losses arising from these or other events.
TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
PNC Global Investment Servicing (US) Inc., 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406 (the Transfer Agent), serves as the transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Funds. The Transfer Agent provides customary transfer agency services to the Funds, including the handling of shareholder communications, the processing of shareholder transactions, the maintenance of shareholder account records, payment of dividends and distributions and related functions. For these services, the Transfer Agent receives an annual fee per shareholder account, fees for account set-up fees and a monthly inactive zero balance account fees. The Transfer Agent is also reimbursed for its out-of-pocket expenses, including but not limited to postage, stationery, printing, allocable communication expenses and other costs. Shareholder inquiries relating to a shareholder account should be directed in writing to Pax World, P.O. Box 9824, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-8024 or by telephoning Pax World (toll-free) at [800- - ], Monday through Friday (except holidays), between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M., Eastern Time.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ernst & Young LLP, 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, serves as the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, and in that capacity audits the Funds annual financial statements.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser or each of the Sleeve Subadvisers is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for each sleeve of each Fund for which they are responsible, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect such transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions relating to such transactions, if any. From time to time, the Adviser may select and place transactions (and negotiate rates) for a sleeve advised by a Sleeve Subadviser. Investment decisions for the Funds and for the other investment advisory clients of the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers are made
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with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Funds). Some securities considered for investment by the Funds may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadvisers. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Funds and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the relevant Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadvisers. The Adviser and/or the Sleeve Subadvisers may aggregate orders for the Funds with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of their other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each days transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Advisers or the Sleeve Subadvisers opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients.
Broker-dealers may receive negotiated brokerage commissions on Fund portfolio transactions. Orders may be directed to any broker including, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law, the Distributor and its affiliates. Equity securities traded in the over-the-counter market and bonds, including convertible bonds, are generally traded on a net basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation payable to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriters concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments and United States Government agency securities may be purchased directly from the issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
BROKERAGE SELECTION
The Adviser or each Sleeve Subadviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for their sleeve(s) with brokers or dealers selected by them in their discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for each sleeve, the Adviser and each Sleeve Subadviser will seek the best price and execution of the Funds orders. In doing so, a Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser or a Sleeve Subadviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Adviser or a Sleeve Subadviser may select a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for a sleeve, neither the Adviser nor any Sleeve Subadviser will consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions. It should be noted that because each Sleeve Subadviser independently selects brokers to effect purchases and sales for the sleeves it manages, different Sleeve Subadvisers may buy and sell the same security at the same time using different brokers, thereby causing the Funds to pay higher commissions.
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It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive research and brokerage products and services (together, services) from broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers receive services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadviser place the Funds portfolio transactions. These services include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities. Some of these services are of value to the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadvisers in advising other clients (including the Funds). The advisory fees paid by the Funds are not reduced because the Adviser and the Sleeve Subadvisers receive such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadvisers from expenses they might otherwise bear.
In reliance on the safe harbor provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act) the Adviser or any Sleeve Subadviser may cause a Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides brokerage and research services (as defined in Section 28(e)) an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadviser determines in good faith that the amount is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Advisers or the Sleeve Subadvisers overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadviser exercise consistent discretion.
The Adviser or any Sleeve Subadviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Funds when, in the judgment of the Adviser or the Sleeve Subadviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers.
Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of a Fund may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker dealer by a Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed usual and customary brokerage commissions. The rules define usual and customary commissions to include amounts which are reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time. As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board of Trustees has adopted procedures that are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced operations and therefore have not paid any brokerage commissions.
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, with a par value of $0.01 per share, which shares are currently divided into three classes: Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares. Except as noted below, each share of each Fund, regardless of class, has identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications, designations and terms and conditions within such Fund and a fractional share has those rights in proportion to the percentage that the fractional share represents of a whole share except that: (i) each class of shares has different class designations; (ii) each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its distribution or service arrangements; (iii) each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of the other class. In general, shares will be voted in the aggregate except if voting by class is required by law or the matter involved affects only one class, in which case shares will be voted separately by class. The Funds shares do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of trustees. In the event of liquidation, each share of each Fund is entitled to its portion of all of such Funds assets after all debts and expenses of such Fund have been paid. There are no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights in connection with any shares of any Fund. All shares when issued in accordance with the terms of the offering will be fully paid and non-assessable.
PRICING OF FUND SHARES
As described in the Prospectus under the heading How Share Price is Determined, the net asset value per share (NAV) of a Funds shares of a particular class is determined by dividing the total value of a Funds portfolio investments and other assets attributable to that class, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of that class. The Prospectus further notes that the NAV of the Funds is determined ordinarily as of the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) (the NYSE Close) on the New York Stock Exchange on each day (a Business Day) that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.
Each Funds liabilities are allocated among its classes. The total of such liabilities allocated to a class plus that classs distribution and/or servicing fees and any other expenses specially allocated to that class are then deducted from the classs proportionate interest in a Funds assets, and the resulting amount for each class is divided by the number of shares of that class outstanding to produce the classs NAV. Under certain circumstances, NAV of classes of shares of the Funds with higher distribution and/or service fees may be lower than NAV of the classes of shares with lower or no distribution and/or service fees as a result of the relative daily expense accruals that result from paying different distribution and/or service fees. Generally, for Funds that pay income dividends, those dividends are expected to differ over time by approximately the amount of the expense accrual differential between a particular Funds classes. In accordance with regulations governing registered investment companies, a Funds transactions in portfolio securities and purchases and sales of Fund shares (which bear upon the number of Fund shares outstanding) are generally not reflected in NAV determined for the Business Day on which the transactions are effected (the trade date), but rather on the following Business Day.
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The Board of Trustees of the Trust has delegated primary responsibility for determining or causing to be determined the value of the Funds portfolio securities and other assets (including any fair value pricing) and NAV of the Funds shares to the Adviser, pursuant to valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board (the Valuation Procedures). The Adviser has, in turn, delegated various of these responsibilities to State Street, as the Funds custodian and other agents. As described in the Prospectus, for purposes of calculating NAV, the Funds investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at market value. The following summarizes the methods used by the Funds to determine market values for the noted types of securities or instruments (although other appropriate market-based methods may be used at any time or from time to time):
Equity securities are generally valued at the official closing price or the last sale price on the exchange or over-the-counter market that is the primary market for such securities. If no sales or closing prices are reported during the day, equity securities are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid and asked quotations on the exchange or market on which the security is primarily traded, or using other market information obtained from a quotation reporting system, established market makers, or pricing services.
Debt securities are generally valued using quotes obtained from pricing services or brokers or dealers.
Futures contracts are generally valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange on which the instrument is primarily traded or, if there were no trades that day for a particular instrument, at the mean of the last available bid and asked quotations on the market in which the instrument is primarily traded.
Exchange-traded options are generally valued at the last sale or official closing price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded, or at the mean of the last available bid and asked quotations on the exchange on which they are primarily traded for options for which there were no sales or closing prices reported during the day. Over-the-counter options not traded on an exchange are valued at a broker-dealer bid quotation.
Swap agreements are generally valued using a broker-dealer bid quotation or on market-based prices provided by other pricing sources.
Portfolio securities and other assets initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar are converted to U.S. Dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services.
Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost.
As described in the Prospectus, if market quotations are not readily available (including in cases where available market quotations are deemed to be unreliable), the Funds investments will be valued as determined in good faith pursuant to the Valuation Procedures (so-called fair value pricing). Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset, and fair values used to determine a Funds NAV may differ from quoted or published prices, or from prices that are used by others, for the same investments. Also, the use of fair value pricing may not always result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other
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assets held by a Fund. The Prospectus provides additional information regarding the circumstances in which fair value pricing may be used and related information.
For those Funds that invest in non-U.S. securities, investors should be aware that many securities markets and exchanges outside the U.S. close prior to the close of the NYSE, and the closing prices for securities in such markets or on such exchanges may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the close of the NYSE. As a result, the Funds fair value pricing procedures require the Funds to fair value foreign equity securities if there has been a movement in the U.S. market that exceeds a specified threshold. Although the threshold may be revised from time to time and the number of days on which fair value prices will be used will depend on market activity, it is possible that fair value prices will be used by the Funds to a significant extent. The value determined for an investment using the Funds fair value pricing procedures may differ from recent market prices for the investment.
TAXATION
The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code, existing U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.
Taxation of the Funds. Each of the Funds intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded to regulated investment companies and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things, (a) derive at least ninety percent (90%) of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) interest, dividends, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stocks, securities or currencies, and (ii) net income from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year (i) at least fifty percent (50%) of the market value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, United States Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than five percent (5%) of the value of its total assets and an amount not greater than ten percent (10%) of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the value of its total assets is invested (x) in the securities (other than those of the United States Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least ninety percent (90%) of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid
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generally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt interest income, if any, for such year.
In general, for purposes of the ninety percent (90%) gross income requirement described in clause (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, one hundred percent (100%) of the net income of a regulated investment company derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (y) that derives at least ninety percent (90%) of its income from the passive income services defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (z) that derives less than ninety percent (90%) of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement set forth in clause (b) above, in the case of a Funds investments in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. Finally, for purposes of clause (b) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.
If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, that Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions (if any) may be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. In addition, that Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
The Funds intend to distribute at least annually to their shareholders all or substantially all of their investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and may distribute their net capital gain. Investment company taxable income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. The Funds may also retain for investment their net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss). If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed United States tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S.
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federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain for Capital Gain Dividends (as defined below) purposes, a regulated investment company generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. Treasury regulations permit a regulated investment company, in determining its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net long-term capital loss or any net foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
If a Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of ninety-eight percent (98%) of its ordinary income for such year and ninety-eight percent (98%) of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year (or November 31 or December 31 of such year, if that Fund elects to compute its capital gain net income by reference to its November 31 or December 31 taxable year-end, as the case may be), plus any retained amount from the prior year, that Fund would be subject to a nondeductible four percent (4%) excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, the Funds would be treated as having distributed any amount for which they are subject to income tax. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid by a Fund on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Funds intend generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the four percent (4%) excise tax, although there can be no assurance that they will be able to do so.
Distributions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year and that are properly designated by that Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryovers. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced in general, to fifteen percent (15%) with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the ten percent (10%) and fifteen percent (15%) rate brackets, through taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, a Fund must meet certain holding period and other requirements with respect
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to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the Funds shares.
A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than sixty-one (61) days during the one hundred twenty-one (121) day period beginning on the date which is sixty (60) days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, ninety-one (91) days during the one hundred eighty-one (181) day period beginning ninety (90) days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a passive foreign investment company.
In general, distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to that Funds shares. If the aggregate dividends received by a Fund during any taxable year are ninety-five percent (95%) or more of its gross income (excluding net capital gain income), then one hundred percent (100%) of the Funds dividends (other than dividends properly designated as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholders investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
Dividends and distributions on a Funds shares generally are subject to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions economically may represent a return of a particular shareholders investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Such realized gains may be required to be distributed even when a Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
If a Fund makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholders tax basis in Fund shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of those shares.
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Dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of a Fund will qualify for the seventy percent (70%) dividends received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by a Fund will not be treated as a qualifying dividend (1) if the stock on which the dividend is paid is considered to be debt-financed (generally, acquired with borrowed funds), (2) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than forty-six (46) days (ninety-one (91) days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the ninety-one (91) day period beginning on the date which is forty five (45) days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the one hundred eighty-one (181) day period beginning ninety (90) days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (3) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends received deduction may be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of a Fund or (2) by application of the Code.
Certain Investments in REITs and Related Investments. The Funds may invest in real estate investment trust (REITs). Investments in REIT equity securities may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold A Funds investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in the Funds receipt of cash in excess of the REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
The Funds may also invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice recently issued by the IRS and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued, but which may apply retroactively, a portion of a Funds income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the Treasury regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of regulated investment companies, such as the Funds, will be allocated to shareholders of regulated investment companies in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related residual interest directly.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a disqualified organization (as defined in Section 860(E)(e) of the Code) is a record holder of a
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share in a Fund, then that Fund will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, a Fund may elect to allocate any such tax specially to the applicable disqualified organization, and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in such Fund. The Funds have not yet determined whether such an election will be made.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Under current law, the Fund serves to block (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in that Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a collateralized mortgage obligation (a CMO) that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or in taxable mortgage pools. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in November 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above). Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income, then such Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance in respect of CRTs remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to allocate any such tax specially to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in a Fund. CRTs are urged to consult their tax Advisers concerning the consequences of investing in the Funds.
Original Issue Discount, Payment-in-Kind Securities, Market Discount and Acquisition Discount. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and all zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that are acquired by a Fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (OID) is treated as interest income and is included in taxable income (and required to be distributed) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. Interest
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paid on debt obligations owned by the Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
In addition, debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. A Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
A Funds investment in the foregoing kinds of securities may require such Fund to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distribution may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities (including at times it may not be advantageous to do so), if necessary. A Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event a Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Higher-Risk Securities. The Funds may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Derivative Transactions and Related Transactions. If a Fund engages in derivative transactions, including derivative transactions in options, futures contracts forward contracts, swap agreements, and straddles, or other similar transactions, including for hedging purposes it will be subject to special tax rules (including constructive sale, mark-to-market, straddle, wash sale, and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, and will determine whether to make certain applicable tax elections pertaining to such transactions in a manner consistent with the best interests of that Fund.
Certain of a Funds hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) may produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If a Funds book income
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exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net-tax exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Funds book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to eliminate fund-level income tax.
Foreign Taxes, Foreign Currency-Denominated Securities and Related Hedging Transactions. Dividends and interest received by a Fund may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield on the Funds securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate these taxes. Foreign countries generally do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors. Shareholders of the majority of the Funds generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes. However, shareholders of a Fund may be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes if more than fifty percent (50%) of such Funds assets at year end consists of the securities of foreign corporations. In such a case, the Fund may elect to permit its shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by such Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities such Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholders ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by a Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not get a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their Fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least fifteen (15) additional days during the thirty (30) day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but no deduction) for such foreign taxes.
A Funds transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Equity investments by a Fund in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), if any, could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders.
However, a Fund may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax by making an election to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount required to be distributed by a
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Fund to avoid fund-level taxation. Marking either of these elections may therefore require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which may also accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. A PFIC is any foreign corporation: (i) seventy-five percent (75%) of more of the income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least fifty percent (50%). Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.
Backup Withholding. A Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends, other distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly designated as exempt-interest dividends, if any. The backup withholding tax rate is twenty-eight percent (28%) for amounts paid through 2010. The backup withholding rate will be thirty-one percent (31%) for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless Congress enacts tax legislation providing otherwise.
In order for a foreign investor to qualify for exemption from the back-up withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers in this regard. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
Sale, Redemption or Exchange of Shares. The sale, exchange or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than twelve (12) months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six (6) months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within thirty (30) days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. A sale or exchange of Fund shares by a securities dealer may generate ordinary income if such Fund shares were not designated by such securities dealer as held for investment.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder realizes a loss on disposition of a Funds shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or
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$10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Shares Purchased Through Tax-Qualified Plans. Special tax rules apply to investments though defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. Generally, distributions to non-U.S. shareholders which are properly designated Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends, if any, will not be subject to withholding of federal income tax. However, exempt-interest dividends may be subject to backup withholding as described above. In general, dividends other than Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends, if any, paid by a Fund to a shareholder that is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (a foreign person) are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of thirty percent (30%) (or lower applicable treaty rate) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding.
Legislation temporarily eliminated, with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2008, withholding (i) with respect to distributions of amounts (other than distributions to a foreign person (w) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (x) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign person is the issuer or is a ten percent (10%) shareholder of the issuer, (y) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (z) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign person and the foreign person is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income that, in general, would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign person, to the extent such distributions are properly designated by a Fund (an interest-related dividend), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than (a) distributions to an individual foreign person who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (b) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly designated by a Fund (a short-term capital gain dividend). Depending on the circumstances, the Fund may make such designations with respect to all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding.
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Legislation has been proposed that would extend this exemption from withholding for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends for one more year (i.e., to include taxable years beginning before January 1, 2009). At this time, it is not clear whether this legislation will be enacted (and even if a one-year extension were enacted, it is unclear whether the exemption would be further extended). It should also be noted that the exemption for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends generally does not apply to dividends of a Fund which are derived from foreign source income such as dividends or interest received by a Fund from non-U.S. issuers.
In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a foreign person would need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares in a Fund held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign persons should consult their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
If a beneficial holder who is a foreign person has a trade or business in the United States, and the dividends are effectively connected with the conduct by the beneficial holder of a trade or business in the United States, the dividend will be subject to U.S. federal net income taxation at regular income tax rates.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of a Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States or (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating one hundred eighty-three (183) days or more during the year of the sale or Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met.
* * * * *
Information set forth in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information which relates to federal taxation is only a summary of some of the important federal tax considerations generally affecting purchasers of shares of the Funds. No attempt has been made to present a detailed explanation of the federal income tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, potential purchasers of shares of a Fund are urged to consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situation (especially with respect to foreign, state or local taxation). In addition, the tax discussion in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information is based on tax laws and regulations which are in effect on the date of the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, such laws and regulations may be changed by legislative, judicial or administrative action, and such changes may be retroactive.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
As stated in the Prospectus under the caption Distribution Arrangements, shares of the Funds are continuously offered through participating brokers that have dealer agreements with the
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Funds, or that have agreed to act as introducing brokers. Each Fund maintains a distribution expense plan (individually a Plan and collectively, the Plans) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act pursuant to which Funds incur the expenses of distributing their shares. Such expenses include (but are not limited to) advertising, compensation to and expenses (including overhead and telephone expenses) of underwriters, dealers and sales personnel who engage in the sale of shares of the Funds, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, and the printing and mailing of sales literature. Each Plan provides that its Fund may pay to one or more of its 12b-1 distributors total distribution fees of up to fifty hundredths of one percent (0.50%) or seventy five hundredths of one percent (0.75%) per annum of its average daily net assets with respect to the Funds Class A or Class C shares, respectively.
[As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced operations and therefore no data is available for amounts paid by the Funds under the Plans for advertising, printing, postage and sales-related expenses (travel, telephone, and sales literature), or under the Services Plans for personal services to shareholders and maintenance of shareholder accounts, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.]
Financial firms that receive distribution and/or service fees may, in certain circumstances, pay and/or reimburse all or a portion of those fees to their customers, although neither the Trust nor the Distributor are involved in establishing any such arrangements and may not be aware of their existence.
In addition, the Adviser and its affiliates may from time to time pay additional cash bonuses or provide other incentives or make other payments to financial firms in connection with the sale or servicing of the Funds and for other services such as, without limitation, granting the Adviser access to the financial firms financial consultants (including through the firms intranet websites) in order to promote the Funds, promotions in communications with financial firms customers such as in the firms internet websites or in customer newsletters, providing assistance in training and educating the financial firms personnel, and furnishing marketing support and other specified services. These payments may be significant to the financial firms and may also take the form of sponsorship of seminars or informational meetings or payment for attendance by persons associated with the financial firms at seminars or informational meetings. The Adviser and its affiliates typically make payments to one or more participating financial firms based upon factors such as the amount of assets a financial firms clients have invested in the Funds.
The additional payments described above are made from the Advisers own assets pursuant to agreements with brokers and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Funds shares or the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales. These payments may be made, at the discretion of the Adviser to some of the firms that have sold the greatest amount of shares of the Funds. The level of payments made to a financial firm in any future year will vary and generally will not exceed 0.10% of the total Fund assets attributable to that financial firm. In some cases, in addition to payments described above, the Adviser will make payments for special events such as a conference or seminar sponsored by one of such financial firms.
If investment advisers, distributors or affiliates of mutual funds pay bonuses and incentives in differing amounts, financial firms and their financial consultants may have financial incentives
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for recommending a particular mutual fund over other mutual funds. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, a financial firm and its financial consultants may also have a financial incentive for recommending a particular share class over other share classes. Shareholders should consult their financial advisors and review carefully any disclosure by the financial firms as to compensation received by their financial advisors. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the Adviser has no arrangements with firms for the additional payments described above for distribution services and/or educational support.
The Adviser expects that firms may be added to this list from time to time. Representatives of the Adviser visit brokerage firms on a regular basis to educate financial advisors about the Funds and to encourage the sale of Fund shares to their clients. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.
Although a Fund may use financial firms that sell Fund shares to make transactions for the Funds portfolio, the Funds will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing financial firms to make those transactions.
Pursuant to the terms of each Plan, the Board of Trustees of the Trust will review at least quarterly a written report of the distribution expenses incurred on behalf of the Funds. Each report will include an itemization of the distribution expenses incurred by each Fund and the purpose of each expenditure.
Each Plan will continue in effect from year to year, provided that each such continuance is approved at least annually by a vote of the Board of Trustees, including a majority vote of the trustees who are not interested persons of such Fund and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of such Plan or in any agreement related to such Plan (the Rule 12b-1 Trustees), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose. Each Plan may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the applicable class of stock of such Fund on not more than sixty (60) days, nor less than thirty (30) days, written notice to any other party to such Plan. None of the Funds Plans may be amended to increase materially the amounts to be spent for the services described therein without approval by the shareholders of the applicable class of stock of such Fund, and all material amendments are required to be approved by the Board of Trustees in the manner described above. Each Plan will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. None of the Funds will be obligated to pay expenses incurred under such Funds Plan if it is terminated or not continued.
[Each Plan was adopted and last approved on [ ] by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Plan.]
Pursuant to the terms of each Plan, the Funds have entered into a distribution agreement (the Distribution Agreement) with the Distributor. Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor serves as distributor of the Funds shares, and for nominal consideration and as agent for the Funds, solicits orders for the purchase of Fund shares; it being understood, however, that
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orders are not binding on any Fund until accepted by such Fund as principal. The Distribution Agreement will continue for an initial two-year term and will continue in effect thereafter from year to year, provided that each such continuance is approved at least annually by a vote of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such continuance. The Distribution Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund on sixty (60) days written notice to the Distributor or by the Distributor on sixty (60) days written notice to such Fund.
[The Distribution Agreement was adopted and last approved on by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Distribution Agreement.]
The Funds have also adopted by vote of the Board of Trustees a Class C shareholder services plan (the Services Plan) at an in-person meeting of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees, which votes were cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such plan. The Services Plan provides that Class C shareholders of the Funds may pay up to twenty-five one hundredths of one percent (0.25%) per annum of Class C average daily net assets with respect to Class C shares to intermediaries that provide shareholder services to Class C shareholders. Such services may include record keeping, account maintenance, response to shareholder queries regarding account balances and other services agreed upon from time to time.
Sales Charges
Moving between share classes
Requests to move an investment between share classes (within the same fund or between different funds), generally will be processed as an exchange of the shares currently held for shares in the new class or fund. Below is more information about how sales charges are handled for various scenarios.
Exchanging Class C shares for Class A shares If a shareholder exchanges Class C shares for Class A shares, the shareholder is still responsible for paying any applicable Class C contingent deferred sales charges and/or Class A sales charges.
Moving between other share classes To move an investment between share classes when the particular scenario is not described in this statement of additional information, please contact the Funds for more information.
Class A Purchases
Pursuant to a determination of eligibility by a vice president or more senior officer of the Adviser, or by his or her designee, Class A shares of the Funds may be sold at net asset value to:
(1) current or retired directors, trustees, officers and advisory board members of, and certain lawyers who provide services to, the funds managed by the Adviser, current or retired employees
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of the Adviser [and the Sleeve Subadvisers], certain family members of the above persons, and trusts or plans primarily for such persons;
(2) currently registered representatives and assistants directly employed by such representatives, retired registered representatives with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, Eligible Persons) (and their (a) spouses or equivalents if recognized under local law, (b) parents and children, including parents and children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in-law and daughters-in-law, and (c) parents-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses, children or parents of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the parents-in-law) of dealers who have sales agreements with the Principal Underwriter (or who clear transactions through such dealers), plans for the dealers, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses, parents and/or children;
(3) currently registered investment advisers (RIAs) and assistants directly employed by such RIAs, retired RIAs with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, Eligible Persons) (and their (a) spouses or equivalents if recognized under local law, (b) parents and children, including parents and children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in-law and daughters-in-law and (c) parents-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses, children or parents of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the parents-in-law) of RIA firms that are authorized to sell shares of the funds, plans for the RIA firms, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses, parents and/or children;
(4) companies exchanging securities with the fund through a merger, acquisition or exchange offer;
(5) insurance company separate accounts;
(6) accounts managed by subsidiaries of the Adviser [or a Sleeve Subadviser;]
[(7) The Adviser, [the Sleeve Subadvisers] and their affiliated companies;
(8) an individual or entity with a substantial business relationship with the Adviser [or a Sleeve Subadviser]. or its affiliates, or an individual or entity related or relating to such individual or entity;
(9) wholesalers and full-time employees directly supporting wholesalers involved in the distribution of insurance company separate accounts whose underlying investments are managed by any affiliate of the Adviser [or a Sleeve Subadviser] and
(10) full-time employees of banks that have sales agreements with the Principal
Underwriter, who are solely dedicated to directly supporting the sale of mutual funds.
Shares are offered at net asset value to these persons and organizations due to anticipated economies in sales effort and expense. Once an account is established under this net asset value privilege, additional investments can be made at net asset value for the life of the account.
Moving between accounts Investments in certain account types may be moved to other account types without incurring additional Class A sales charges. These transactions include, for example:
· redemption proceeds from a non-retirement account (for example, a joint tenant account) used to purchase fund shares in an IRA or other individual-type retirement account;
· required minimum distributions from an IRA or other individual-type retirement account used to purchase fund shares in a non-retirement account; and
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· death distributions paid to a beneficiarys account that are used by the beneficiary to purchase fund shares in a different account.
Dealer commissions and compensation Commissions (up to 1.00%) are paid to dealers who initiate and are responsible for certain Class A share purchases not subject to initial sales charges. These purchases consist of purchases of $1 million or more, purchases by employer-sponsored defined contribution-type retirement plans investing $1 million or more or with 100 or more eligible employees, and purchases made at net asset value by certain retirement plans, endowments and foundations with assets of $50 million or more. Commissions on such investments (other than IRA rollover assets that roll over at no sales charge under the funds IRA rollover policy as described in the prospectus) are paid to dealers at the following rates: 1.00% on amounts of less than $4 million, 0.50% on amounts of at least $4 million but less than $10 million and 0.25% on amounts of at least $10 million. Commissions are based on cumulative investments over the life of the account with no adjustment for redemptions, transfers, or market declines. For example, if a shareholder has accumulated investments in excess of $4 million (but less than $10 million) and subsequently redeems all or a portion of the account(s), purchases following the redemption will generate a dealer commission of 0.50%.
A dealer concession of up to 1% may be paid by the fund under its Class A plan of distribution to reimburse the Principal Underwriter in connection with dealer and wholesaler compensation paid by it with respect to investments made with no initial sales charge.
Sales charge reductions and waivers
Reducing your Class A sales charge
As described in the prospectus, there are various ways to reduce your sales charge when purchasing Class A shares. Additional information about Class A sales charge reductions is provided below.
Statement of intention By establishing a statement of intention (the Statement), you enter into a nonbinding commitment to purchase shares of the Funds over a 13-month period and receive the same sales charge (expressed as a percentage of your purchases) as if all shares had been purchased at once, unless the Statement is upgraded as described below.
The Statement period starts on the date on which your first purchase made toward satisfying the Statement is processed.
You may revise the commitment you have made in your Statement upward at any time during the Statement period. If your prior commitment has not been met by the time of the revision, the Statement period during which purchases must be made will remain unchanged. Purchases made from the date of the revision will receive the reduced sales charge, if any, resulting from the revised Statement. If your prior commitment has been met by the time of the revision, your original Statement will be considered met and a new Statement will be established.
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The Statement will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13-month Statement period. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the Statement amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholders death.
When a shareholder elects to use a Statement, shares equal to 5% of the dollar amount specified in the Statement may be held in escrow in the shareholders account out of the initial purchase (or subsequent purchases, if necessary) by the Transfer Agent. All dividends and any capital gain distributions on shares held in escrow will be credited to the shareholders account in shares (or paid in cash, if requested). If the intended investment is not completed within the specified Statement period, the purchaser may be required to remit to the Principal Underwriter the difference between the sales charge actually paid and the sales charge which would have been paid if the total of such purchases had been made at a single time. Any dealers assigned to the shareholders account at the time a purchase was made during the Statement period will receive a corresponding commission adjustment if appropriate. If the difference is not paid by the close of the Statement period, the appropriate number of shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay such difference. If the proceeds from this redemption are inadequate, the purchaser may be liable to the Principal Underwriter for the balance still outstanding.
Shareholders purchasing shares at a reduced sales charge under a Statement indicate their acceptance of these terms and those in the prospectus with their first purchase.
Aggregation Qualifying investments for aggregation include those made by you and your immediate family as defined in the prospectus, if all parties are purchasing shares for their own accounts and/or:
· individual-type employee benefit plans, such as an IRA, single-participant Keogh type plan, or a participant account of a 403(b) plan that is treated as an individual type plan for sales charge purposes;
· SEP plans and SIMPLE IRA plans;
· business accounts solely controlled by you or your immediate family (for example, you own the entire business);
· trust accounts established by you or your immediate family (for trusts with only one primary beneficiary, upon the trustors death the trust account may be aggregated with such beneficiarys own accounts; for trusts with multiple primary beneficiaries, upon the trustors death the trustees of the trust may instruct the Funds to establish separate trust accounts for each primary beneficiary; each primary beneficiarys separate trust account may then be aggregated with such beneficiarys own accounts); or
· endowments or foundations established and controlled by you or your immediate family.
Individual purchases by a trustee(s) or other fiduciary(ies) may also be aggregated if the investments are:
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· for a single trust estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans other than the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
· made for two or more employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers as defined in the 1940 Act, excluding the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
· for a diversified common trust fund or other diversified pooled account not specifically formed for the purpose of accumulating fund shares;
· for nonprofit, charitable or educational organizations, or any endowments or foundations established and controlled by such organizations, or any employer-sponsored retirement plans established for the benefit of the employees of such organizations, their endowments, or their foundations; or
· for participant accounts of a 403(b) plan that is treated as an employer-sponsored plan for sales charge purposes, or made for participant accounts of two or more such plans, in each case of a single employer or affiliated employers as defined in the 1940 Act.
Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of an investment dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with those made for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Concurrent purchases As described in the prospectus, you may reduce your Class A sales charge by combining purchases of all classes of shares in the Funds.
Rights of accumulation Subject to the limitations described in the aggregation policy, you may take into account your accumulated holdings in all share classes of the Funds to determine your sales charge on investments in accounts eligible to be aggregated. Subject to your investment dealers or recordkeepers capabilities, your accumulated holdings will be calculated as the higher of (a) the current value of your existing holdings (the market value) or (b) the amount you invested (including reinvested dividends and capital gains, but excluding capital appreciation) less any withdrawals (the cost value). Depending on the entity on whose books your account is held, the value of your holdings in that account may not be eligible for calculation at cost value. For example, accounts held in nominee or street name may not be eligible for calculation at cost value and instead may be calculated at market value for purposes of rights of accumulation.
You may not purchase Class C shares if your combined holdings in the Funds cause you to be eligible to purchase Class A shares at the $1 million or more sales charge discount rate (i.e. at net asset value).
If you make a gift of Class A shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your accounts in the Funds.
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Right of reinvestment As described in the prospectus, certain transactions may be eligible for investment without a sales charge pursuant to the funds right of reinvestment policy. Recent legislation suspended required minimum distributions from individual retirement accounts and employer-sponsored retirement plan accounts for the 2009 tax year. Given this suspension, proceeds from an automatic withdrawal plan to satisfy a required minimum distribution may be invested without a sales charge for the 2009 tax year, or any subsequent period, to the extent such legislation is extended. This policy is subject to any restrictions regarding the investment of proceeds from a required minimum distribution that may be established by the transfer agent.
CDSC waivers for Class A and C shares
As noted in the prospectus, a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may be waived for redemptions due to death or post-purchase disability of a shareholder (this generally excludes accounts registered in the names of trusts and other entities). In the case of joint tenant accounts, if one joint tenant dies, a surviving joint tenant, at the time he or she notifies the Transfer Agent of the other joint tenants death and removes the decedents name from the account, may redeem shares from the account without incurring a CDSC. Redemptions made after the Transfer Agent is notified of the death of a joint tenant will be subject to a CDSC.
In addition, a CDSC may be waived for the following types of transactions, if together they do not exceed 12% of the value of an account (defined below) annually (the 12% limit):
· Required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholders attainment of age 70-1/2 (required minimum distributions that continue to be taken by the beneficiary(ies) after the account owner is deceased also qualify for a waiver).
· Redemptions through a systematic withdrawal plan (SWP). For each SWP payment, assets that are not subject to a CDSC, such as appreciation on shares and shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions, will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limit. If there is an insufficient amount of assets not subject to a CDSC to cover a particular SWP payment, shares subject to the lowest CDSC will be redeemed next until the 12% limit is reached. Any dividends and/or capital gain distributions taken in cash by a shareholder who receives payments through a SWP will also count toward the 12% limit. In the case of a SWP, the 12% limit is calculated at the time an automatic redemption is first made, and is recalculated at the time each additional automatic redemption is made. Shareholders who establish a SWP should be aware that the amount of a payment not subject to a CDSC may vary over time depending on fluctuations in the value of their accounts. This privilege may be revised or terminated at any time.
For purposes of this paragraph, account means:
· in the case of Class A shares, your investment in Class A shares of all the Funds; and
· in the case of Class C shares, your investment in Class C shares of the particular Fund from which you are making the redemption.
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CDSC waivers are allowed only in the cases listed here and in the prospectus.
Registration Statement
This Statement of Additional Information and the Prospectus do not contain all of the information included in the Trusts registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered hereby, certain portions of which have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other documents filed as an exhibit to the relevant registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of [December 30, 2009], the Funds had not yet commenced investment operations and therefore no financial data is available.
105
APPENDIX A
PAX WORLD ESG MANAGERS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
The Adviser
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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1. DIRECTOR-RELATED ISSUES |
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Management Proposal |
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1a. Uncontested Election of Directors |
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Votes on individual director nominees are made on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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1b. Contested Election of Directors |
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Votes in a contested election of directors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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1c. Classified Board |
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Vote for proposals to declassify the board of directors.
Vote against proposals to classify the board of directors. |
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Management Proposal |
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1d. Shareholder Ability to Remove Directors |
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Vote against proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.
Vote for proposals to restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause.
Vote against proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.
Vote for proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
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Management Proposal |
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1e. Cumulative Voting |
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Vote against management proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. |
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Management Proposal |
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1f. Alter Size of the Board |
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Vote for proposals that seek to fix the size of the board.
Vote case-by-case on proposals that seek to change the size or range of the board.
Vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
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2. AUDITORS |
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Management Proposal |
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2. Ratification of Auditors |
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Vote for proposals to ratify auditors, unless an auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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therefore not independent; or there is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position; or where non-audit fees exceed 25% of revenue received from that company. |
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3. PROXY CONTEST DEFENSES / TAKEOVER DEFENSES |
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Management Proposal |
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3a. Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meeting |
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Vote for proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management.
Vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings. |
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Management Proposal |
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3b. Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent |
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Vote for proposals to allow or facilitate shareholder action by written consent.
Vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent. |
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Management Proposal |
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3c. Poison Pills |
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Review on a case-by-case basis management proposals to ratify a poison pill. Look for shareholder friendly features including a two to three year sunset provision, a permitted bid provision, a 20 percent or higher flip-in provision, shareholder redemption feature, and the absence of dead hand features. |
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Management Proposal |
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3d. Fair price Provisions |
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Vote for fair price proposals, as long as the shareholder vote requirement embedded in the provision is no more than a majority of disinterested shares. |
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Management Proposal |
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3e. Greenmail |
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Vote for proposals to adopt antigreenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a companys ability to make greenmail payments.
Review on a case-by-case basis antigreenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments. |
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Management Proposal |
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3f. Unequal Voting Rights |
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Generally vote against dual class capitalization. |
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Management Proposal |
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3g. Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Amend Charter or |
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Vote for proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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Bylaws |
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and bylaw amendments. |
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Vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments. |
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Management Proposal |
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3h. Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Approve Mergers |
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Vote for proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations.
Vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations. |
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Management Proposal |
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3i. Director and Officer Liability Protection |
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Vote against proposals to limit or eliminate entirely director and officer liability for (i) a breach of the duty of loyalty, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or knowing violations of the law, (iii) acts involving the unlawful purchases or redemptions of stock, (iv) the payment of unlawful dividends, or (v) the receipt of improper personal benefits. |
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Management Proposal |
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3j. Director and Officer Indemnification |
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Vote against indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligations than mere carelessness.
Vote for only those proposals that provide such expanded coverage in cases when a directors or officers legal defense was unsuccessful if: (1) the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner at the reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company, and (2) only if the directors legal expenses would be covered. |
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4. MISC. GOVERNANCE PROVISIONS |
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Management Proposal |
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4a. Confidential Voting |
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Vote for management proposals to adopt confidential voting. |
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Management Proposal |
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4b. Bundled Proposals |
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Review on a case-by-case basis bundled or conditioned proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances where the |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders best interests, vote against the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, support such proposals. |
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Management Proposal |
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4c. Adjourn Meeting if Votes are Insufficient |
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Vote for proposals to adjourn the meeting when votes are insufficient. |
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Management Proposal |
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4d. Other Business |
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Vote for other business proposals. |
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Management Proposal |
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4e. Changing Corporate Name |
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Vote for changing the corporate name. |
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5. CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
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Management Proposal |
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5a. Common Stock Authorization |
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Review on a case-by-case basis proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issue. |
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Management Proposal |
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5b. Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends |
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Vote for management proposals to increase common share authorization for a stock split, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in a excessive number of shares available for issuance given a companys industry and performance as measured by total shareholder returns. |
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Management Proposal |
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5c. Reverse Stock Splits |
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Review on a case-by-case basis management proposals to implement a reverse stock split. We will generally vote for a reverse stock split if management provides a reasonable justification for the split. |
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Management Proposal |
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5d. Blank Check Preferred Authorization |
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Usually vote against proposals to create blank check preferred stock.
Review on a case-by-case basis proposals that would
authorize the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified
voting, conversion, dividend and distribution, and other rights. Review on a case-by-case basis proposals to increase the number of authorized blank check preferred shares. If the company does not have any preferred shares outstanding we will vote against the requested increase.
Vote for requests to require shareholder approval for blank check authorizations. |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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Management Proposal |
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5e. Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock |
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Vote for management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock. |
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Management Proposal |
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5f. Redemption Rights |
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Review on a case-by-case basis proposals to create or abolish preemptive rights. In evaluating proposals on preemptive rights, we look at the size of a company and the characteristics of its shareholder base. |
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Management Proposal |
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5g. Debt Restructurings |
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Review on a case-by-case basis proposals regarding debt restructurings. |
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Management Proposal |
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5h. Share Repurchase Programs |
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Vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms. |
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6. EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION |
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Management Proposal |
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6a. Stock-Based Incentive Plans |
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Vote with respect to compensation plans should be determined on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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6b. Approval of Cash or Cash-and-Stock Bonus Plans |
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Vote for plans where the performance measures included under the plan are appropriate, the plan is administered by a committee of independent outsiders, and the preservation of the full deductibility of all compensation paid reduces the companys corporate tax obligation. |
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Management Proposal |
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6c. Employee Stock Purchase Plans |
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Vote for employee stock purchase plans with an offering period of 27 months or less when voting power dilution is ten percent or less.
Vote against employee stock purchase plans with an offering period of greater than 27 months or voting power dilution of greater than ten percent. |
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Management Proposal |
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6d. Outside Director Stock Awards /Options in Lieu of Cash |
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Vote case-by-case on proposals that seek to pay outside directors a portion of their compensation in stock rather than cash. |
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7. MERGERS AND CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING |
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Management Proposal |
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7a. Mergers and Acquisitions |
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Vote on mergers and acquisitions are considered on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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7b. Voting on State Takeover Statutes |
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Review on a case-by-case basis proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including control share acquisition statutes, control share cash-out statutes, |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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freeze out provisions, fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, antigreenmail provisions, and disgorgement provisions.)
Generally vote for opting into stakeholder protection statutes if they provide comprehensive protections for employees and community stakeholders. We would be less supportive of takeover statutes that only serve to protect incumbent management from accountability to shareholders and which negatively influence shareholder value. |
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Management Proposal |
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7c. Voting on Reincorporation Proposals |
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Proposals to change a companys state of incorporation should be examined on a case-by-case basis. Review managements rationale for the proposal, changes to the charter/bylaws, and differences in the state laws governing the corporations. |
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Management Proposal |
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7d. Corporate Restructuring |
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Votes on corporate restructuring proposals, including minority squeeze outs, leveraged buyouts, spin-offs, liquidations, and asset sales, should be considered on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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7e. Spin-offs |
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Votes on spin-offs should be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the tax and regulatory advantages, planned use of sale proceeds, market focus, and managerial incentives. |
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Management Proposal |
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7f. Asset Sales |
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Votes on asset sales should be made on a case-by-case basis after considering the impact on the balance sheet/working capital, value received for the asset, and potential elimination of diseconomies. |
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Management Proposal |
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7g. Liquidations |
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Votes on liquidations should be made on a case-by-case basis after reviewing managements efforts to pursue other alternatives, appraisal value of assets, and the compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation. |
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Management Proposal |
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7h. Appraisal Rights |
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Vote for proposals to restore, or provide shareholders with, rights of appraisal. |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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8. MUTUAL FUND PROXIES |
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Management Proposal |
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8a. Mutual Fund Election of Trustees |
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Votes on trustee nominees are made on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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8b. Mutual Fund Investment Advisory Agreement |
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Votes on investment advisory agreements should be elevated on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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8c. Mutual Fund Fundamental Investment |
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Votes on amendments to a funds fundamental investment restrictions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. |
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Management Proposal |
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8d. Mutual Fund Distribution Agreements |
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Votes on distribution agreements should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. |
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9. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9a-1. Rotate Annual Meeting |
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Vote against shareholder proposals to rotate the annual meeting of shareholders or change the date and time of the meeting. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-1. Declassify Board of Directors |
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Vote for proposals to declassify the board the directors. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-2. Separate Chairman and CEO |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that would require the positions of chairman and CEO to be held by different persons. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-3. Adopt Cumulative Voting |
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Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals to permit cumulative voting.
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals to adopt cumulative voting at companies with no women or minority members on the board. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-4. Majority of Independent |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board be comprised of a majority of independent directors. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-5. Independent Committees |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committees include independent directors exclusively. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-6. Adopt Director Term Limits |
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Vote against shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9b-7. Implement Director Share Ownership Requirement |
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Vote against shareholder proposals that seek to establish mandatory share ownership requirements for directors.
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that ask directors to accept a |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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certain percentage of their annual retainer in the form of stock. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-1. Reduce Supermajority Vote Requirements |
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Vote for proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments.
Vote for proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-2. Remove Antitakeover Provisions |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that seek to remove antitakeover provisions. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-3. Submit Poison Pill (Shareholder Rights Plan) to a Vote |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification.
Review on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals to redeem a companys poison pill.
Vote case-by-case on proposals to amend an existing shareholder rights plan. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-4. Confidential Voting |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that request corporations to adopt confidential voting, use independent tabulators and use independent inspectors of election as long as the proposals include clauses for proxy contexts as follows: In the case of a contested election, management is permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents do not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-5. Written Consent/Special Meeting |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that provide for shareholder ability to take action by written consent and/or call a special meeting. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-6. Elect Auditors/Ensure Auditor Independence |
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Vote for proposals that would allow shareholders to elect the auditors. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-7. Non-Partnership/Political Contributions |
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Vote for proposals calling for a company to disclose its political contributions. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-1. Increase Disclosure of Executive Compensation |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking increased disclosure on executive compensation issues including the preparation of a formal report on executive |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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compensation practices and policies. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-2. Limit Executive compensation |
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Vote for proposals to prepare reports seeking to compare the wages of a companys lowest paid worker to the highest paid workers.
Vote case-by-case on proposals that seek to establish a fixed ratio between the companys lowest paid workers and the highest paid workers. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-3. Prohibit/Require Shareholder Approval for Option Repricing |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking to limit repricing. Vote for shareholder proposals asking the company to have option repricings submitted for shareholder ratification. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-4. Severance Agreements/Golden Parachutes |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to have golden and tin parachutes submitted for shareholder ratification. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-5. Cash Balance Plans |
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Vote for shareholder proposals calling for non-discrimination in retirement benefits. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-6. Performance-Based Options/Indexed Options |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to link executive pay to performance, including the use of indexed options and other indicators. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9d-7. Link Compensation to Non-Financial Factors |
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Vote for shareholder proposals calling for the preparation of a report on the feasibility of linking executive pay to nonfinancial factors, such as social and environmental goals.
Vote for shareholder proposals seeking to link executive pay to non-financial factors. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-1. Seek sale of company/assets |
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Vote on a case-by-case basis proposals that seek the sale of the company or company assets. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-2. Hire Adviser/maximize shareholder value |
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Vote on a case-by-case basis proposals that request the company hire an Adviser to maximize the shareholder value. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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9c-3. Convert closed-end fund to open-end fund |
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Vote against shareholder proposals to convert a closed-end fund to an open-end fund. |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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10. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPSALS |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10a-1. Add Women and Minorities to Board |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that ask the company to take steps to nominate more women and minorities to the board. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10a-2. Prepare Report/Promote EEOC-Related Activities |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that ask the company to report on its diversity and/or affirmative action programs.
Vote for shareholder proposals calling for legal and regulatory compliance and public reporting related to non-discrimination, affirmative action, workplace health and safety, and labor policies and practices that effect long-term corporate performance.
Vote for shareholder proposals calling for action on equal employment opportunity and antidiscrimination. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10a-3. Report on Progress Toward Glass Ceiling Commission Recommendations |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that ask the company to report on its progress against the Glass Ceiling commissions recommendations. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10a-4. Prohibit Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to include language in EEO statements specifically barring discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
Vote against shareholder proposals that seek to eliminate protection already afforded to gay and lesbian employees. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10a-5. Report on/Eliminate Use of Racial Stereotypes in Advertising |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking more careful consideration of using racial stereotypes in advertising campaigns, including preparation of a report. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-1. Codes of Conduct and Vendor Standards |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to implement human rights standards and workplace codes of conduct.
Vote for shareholder proposals calling for the implementation and reporting on ILO codes of conduct, SA 8000 Standards, or the Global Sullivan Principles.
Vote for shareholder proposals that call for the adoption of principles or codes of conduct relating to company investment in countries with patterns of human rights abuses (Northern Ireland, Burma, former Soviet Union, and China). |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that call for independent monitoring programs in conjunction with local and respected religious and human rights groups to monitor supplier and license compliance with codes.
Vote for shareholder proposals that seek publication of a Code of Conduct to the Companys foreign suppliers and licensees, requiring they satisfy all applicable standards and laws protecting employees wages, benefits, working conditions, freedom of association, and other rights.
Vote for shareholder proposals to adopt labor standards for foreign and domestic suppliers to ensure that the company will not do business with foreign suppliers that manufacture products for sale in the U.S. using forced labor, child labor, or that fail to comply with applicable laws protecting employees wages and working conditions. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-2. Prepare Report on Operations in Burma/Myanmar |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to adopt labor standards in connection with involvement in Burma.
Vote for shareholder proposals seeking reports on Burmese operations and reports on costs of continued involvement in the country.
Vote for shareholder proposals to pull out of Burma. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-3. Adopt/Report on MacBride Principles. |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to report on or to implement the MacBride Principles. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-4. Prepare Report on Operations in China |
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Vote for shareholder proposals requesting more disclosure on a companys involvement in China.
Vote on a case-by-base basis shareholder proposals that ask a company to terminate a project or investment in China. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-5. Prepare Report on Maquiladoras |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to prepare reports on a companys Maquiladora operations. |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10b-6. Prepare Report on Company Activities Affecting Indigenous Peoples Rights |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to prepare reports on a companys impact on indigenous communities. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-1. Environmental Report (General) |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking greater disclosure on the companys environmental practices, and/or environmental risks and liabilities. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-2. Prepare Report on Global Warming/Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking disclosure of liabilities or preparation of a report pertaining to global warming.
Vote for shareholder proposals calling for the reduction of greenhouse gas. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-3. Invest in Clean/Renewable Energy |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a companys activities related to the development of renewable energy sources.
Vote for shareholder proposals seeking increased investment in renewable energy sources. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-4. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge |
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Vote for shareholder proposals asking companies to prepare a feasibility report or to adopt a policy not to mine, drill, or log in environmentally sensitive areas such as ANWR.
Vote for shareholder proposals seeking to prohibit or reduce the sale of products manufactures from materials extracted from environmentally sensitive areas such as old growth forests. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-5. Adopt/implement CERES Principles |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to study or implement the CERES principles. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-6. Phase Out Chlorine-Based Chemicals |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to prepare a report on the phase-out of chlorine bleaching in paper production.
Vote for shareholder proposals asking companies to cease or phase-out the use of chlorine bleaching. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-7. Report/reduce Toxic Emissions and Assets Community Impact |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that seek to prepare a report on the companys procedures for reducing or preventing pollution and/or the impact of the companys pollution on the surrounding |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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communities.
Vote for shareholder proposals calling on the company to establish a plan to reduce toxic emissions. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-8. Adopt a Comprehensive Recycling Policy |
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Vote for shareholder proposals requesting the preparation of a report on the companys recycling efforts.
Vote for shareholder proposals that ask companies to increase their recycling efforts or to adopt a formal recycling policy. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10c-9. Nuclear Energy |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a companys nuclear energy procedures.
Vote for shareholder proposals that ask the company to cease the production of nuclear power. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10d-1. Report on Handgun Safety Initiatives |
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Vote for shareholder proposals asking the company to report on its efforts to promote handgun safety.
Vote for shareholder proposals asking the company to stop the sale of handguns and accessories. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10d-2. Prepare Report to Renounce Future Landmine Production |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking a report or the renouncement of future landmine production. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10d-3. Prepare Report on Foreign Military Sales |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to report on foreign military sales or offset agreements.
Vote for proposals that call for restrictions on foreign military sales. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-1. Phase-out or Label Products Containing Genetically Modified Organisms |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to label products that contain genetically modified organisms/
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that ask the company to phase out the use of genetically modified organisms in their products.
Vote for shareholder proposals that ask the company to report on the use of genetically modified organisms in their |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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products. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-2. Tobacco-related Proposals |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking to limit the sale of tobacco products to children.
Vote for shareholder proposals asking producers of tobacco product components (such as filters, adhesives, flavorings, and paper products) to halt sales to tobacco companies.
Vote for shareholder proposals that ask restaurants to adopt smoke-free policies.
Vote for shareholder proposals seeking a report on a tobacco companys advertising approach.
Vote for shareholder proposals at insurance companies to cease investment in tobacco companies.
Vote for proposals at producers of cigarette components calling for a report outlining the risks and potential liabilities of the production of these components.
Vote for on proposals calling for tobacco companies to cease the production of tobacco products. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-3. Adopt Policy/Report on Predatory Lending Practices |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking the development of a policy or preparation of a report to guard against predatory lending practices. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-4. Disclosure on Credit in Developing Countries (LDCs) |
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Vote for shareholder proposals asking for disclosure on lending practices in developing countries, unless the company has demonstrated a clear proactive record on the issue. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-5. Forgive LDC Debt |
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Vote against shareholder proposals asking banks to forgive loans outright.
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking for loan forgiveness at banks that have failed to make reasonable provisions for non-performing loans.
Vote for proposals to restructure and extend the terms of non-performing loans |
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Type of Proposal |
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Proposal |
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Proxy Voting Guideline |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-6. Adopt Policy / Report on Drug Pricing |
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Vote for shareholder proposals to prepare a report on drug pricing.
Vote for shareholder proposals to adopt a formal policy on drug pricing. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-7. Adult Entertainment |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that seek a review of the companys involvement with pornography. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-8. Abortion/Right to Life Issues |
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Abstain on shareholder proposals that address right to life issues. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-9. Animal Testing (substitutes for) |
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Vote for shareholder proposals that seek to limit unnecessary animal testing where alternative testing methods are feasible or not required by law. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-10. Disclosure on Plant Closings |
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Vote for shareholder proposals seeking greater disclosure on plant closing criteria if such information has not been provided by the company. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-11. Control over Charitable Contributions |
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Vote against shareholder proposals giving criteria or to require shareholder ratification of grants. |
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Shareholder Proposal |
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10e-12. Disclosure on Prior Government Service |
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Vote for shareholder proposals calling for the disclosure of prior government service of the companys key executives. |
Sleeve Subadviser Proxy Voting Policies
Each Sleeve Subadviser votes proxies in the manner set forth in its policies and procedures submitted to the Adviser that are generally consistent with their ESG criteria and with the policy of the Adviser. Set forth below are summaries of the policies of each Sleeve Subadviser that differ from those of the Adviser, if any. [To be supplied by amendment.]
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 23. Exhibits
1
(2) Form of Shareholder Services Plan for Class C shares. Filed herewith.
(o) Code of Ethics. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.50 to the Registrants registration statement on Form N-1A.
Item 24. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant
H.G. Wellington & Co., Inc. (Delaware)
Item 25. Indemnification
Article Five of the Bylaws of Registrant (Article Five) provides that the Registrant shall indemnify each of its trustees and officers, and each person who serves at the Registrants request as a director, officer, or trustee of another organization in which the Registrant has any interest as a shareholder, creditor, or otherwise, and the heirs, executors and administrators of each of them (Covered Persons).
The Registrant shall indemnify each Covered Person against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by the Covered Person, in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit, or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which the Covered Person is or was involved as a party or otherwise or with which the Covered Person is or was threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of any alleged act or omission as a trustee or officer or by reason of his or her being or having been a Covered Person, except that:
2
As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree, or otherwise) without an adjudication by a court, or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, if it is determined that a Covered Person has not acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her actions were in the best interests of the Registrant or is liable to the Registrant and its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, the Registrant shall provide indemnification without regard for the conditions stated in sections (i) and (ii) in the preceding paragraph if: (a) approved, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by at least a majority of the trustees, who are neither interested persons of Registrant, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (or who is exempted from being an interested person by rule, regulation, or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission), nor parties to the actions, suits, or other proceedings in question, (or another action, suit, or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds) is then or has been pending (disinterested, non-party trustees), acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested non-party trustees then in office act on the matter) upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that the Covered Person has acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Registrant and is not liable to the Registrant or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office; or (b) there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) to the effect that the Covered Person appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Registrant and that such indemnification would not protect the Covered Person against any liability to the Registrant to which the Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Registrant shall pay the expenses, including counsel fees (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise, or as fines or penalties), incurred by a Covered Person in respect of any action, suit, or proceeding against which the Covered Person may be entitled to indemnification under Article Five, from time to time in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit, or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Covered Person to repay to the Registrant amounts so paid if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under Article Five, if (i) the Covered Person has provided appropriate security for such undertaking, or (ii) the Registrant is insured against losses arising from any such advance payments, or (iii) either a majority of the disinterested, non-party trustees of Registrant acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested, non-party trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel as expressed in a written
3
opinion, determines, based on a review of readily-available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification under Article Five. For purposes of the determination or opinion referred to in this section (iii), the majority of disinterested non-party trustees acting on the matter or independent legal counsel, as the case may be, shall afford the Covered Person a rebuttable presumption that the Covered Person has not engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Covered Persons office.
Any approval of indemnification pursuant to Article Five does not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with Article Five as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to be liable to Registrant or its shareholders by reason of (a) not acting in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Persons action was in the best interests of Registrant or (b) to have been liable to Registrant or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office.
Article Five also provides that its indemnification provisions are not exclusive and do not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may be entitled. Nothing contained in Article Five affects any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Registrant, other than Covered Persons, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Registrant to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
The Trust has also entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of its Trustees and its chief compliance officer, a copy of which has been filed as an exhibit to this registration statement, establishing certain procedures with respect to the indemnification described above.
Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
See Management, Organization and Capital Structure Investment Adviser in the Prospectus constituting Part A of this Registration Statement and Investment Advisory and Other Services Adviser in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.
The business and other connections of the directors and executive officers of Pax World Management Corp., the Funds Adviser, are as set forth below. Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each person is 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, NH 03801.
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Name |
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Position(s) Held with the Adviser |
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Principal Occupation(s) |
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Katherine Shadek Boyle |
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Director |
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Director, Pax World Management Corp. |
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James M. Shadek |
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Director |
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Account Executive, H. G. Wellington & Co., Inc. |
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Laurence A. Shadek |
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Chairman of the Board; Director |
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Chairman of the Board, Pax World Management Corp.; Trustee, Pax World Funds Series Trust I; Executive Vice President, H. G. Wellington & Co., Inc. |
4
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Alicia K. DuBois |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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Chief Financial Officer, Pax World Management Corp.; Treasurer, Pax World Funds Series Trust I |
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Joseph Keefe |
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Chief Executive Officer, President, Director |
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Chief Executive Officer, Pax World Management Corp.; Chief Executive Officer, President and Trustee, Pax World Funds Series Trust I. |
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Christopher H. Brown |
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Chief Investment Officer, Senior Portfolio Manager, Director |
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Chief Investment Officer, Pax World Management Corp.; Senior Portfolio Manager, Pax World Management Corp. |
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John Boese |
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Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary |
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Chief Compliance Officer, Pax World Management Corp.; Chief Compliance Officer, Pax World Funds Series Trust I |
The business and other connections of the directors and executive officers of Morningstar Associates LLC, the Lead Sub-Adviser to the ESG Managers Asset Allocation Portfolios, are as set forth below. Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each person is 22 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606.
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Name |
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Position(s) Held with the |
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Principal Occupation(s) |
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D. Scott Schilling |
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[ ] |
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[ ] |
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Brock A. Johnson |
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[ ] |
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[ ] |
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Patrick J. Reinkemeyer |
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[ ] |
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[ ] |
Item 27. Principal Underwriters
ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: AARP Funds, ALPS ETF Trust, ALPS Variable Insurance Trust, Ameristock Mutual Fund, Inc., BLDRS Index Fund Trust, Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust, CornerCap Group of Funds, DIAMONDS Trust, Financial Investors Trust, Financial Investors Variable Insurance Trust, Firsthand Funds, Forward Funds, Heartland Group, Inc., HealthShares, Inc., Henssler Funds, Inc., Holland Balanced Fund, Laudus Trust, Milestone Funds, MTB Group of Funds, Pax World Funds, PowerShares QQQ 100 Trust Series 1, Scottish Widows Investment Partnership, SPDR Trust, MidCap SPDR Trust, Select Sector SPDR Trust, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, Stonebridge Funds, Inc., Stone Harbor Investment Funds, TDX Independence Funds, Inc., Utopia Funds, W. P. Stewart Funds, Wasatch Funds, Westcore Trust, Williams Capital Liquid Assets Fund, and WisdomTree Trust.
To the best of Registrants knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:
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Name |
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Position(s) with Distributor |
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Thomas A. Carter |
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President and Director |
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Edmund J. Burke |
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Director |
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Jeremy O. May |
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Director |
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Spencer P. Hoffman |
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Director |
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John C. Donaldson |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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Diana M. Adams |
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Vice President, Controller and Treasurer |
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Tané T. Tyler |
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Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
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Brad Swenson |
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Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
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Robert J. Szydlowski |
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Vice President, Chief Technology Officer |
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Richard Hetzer |
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Executive Vice President |
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Kevin J. Ireland |
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Vice President, Director of Institutional Sales |
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Mark R. Kiniry |
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Vice President, National Sales Director-Investments |
* The principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.
Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books and other documents relating to shareholder accounts and activity required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder are maintained by PNC Global Investment Servicing (US) Inc. and are located at 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406-1212. All other accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder are maintained by the Registrant at 30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400, Portsmouth, NH 03801 and by State Street Bank and Trust Company at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110.
Item 29. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 30. Undertakings
Not applicable
NOTICE
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Registrant) is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument has been executed on behalf of the Registrant by an officer of the Registrant as an officer and by its trustees as trustees and not individually, and the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the trustees, officers or shareholders individually, but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Registrant.
6
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under Rule 485(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Portsmouth and the State of New Hampshire, on the 15th day of October, 2009.
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PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I |
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By: |
/s/ Joseph F. Keefe |
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Name: |
Joseph F. Keefe |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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Signature |
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Title |
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Date |
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/s/ Joseph F. Keefe |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Joseph F. Keefe |
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Trustee, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
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/s/ Alicia K. DuBois |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Alicia K. DuBois |
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Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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Adrian P. Anderson* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Steven Curwood* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Carl H.
Doerge, Jr.* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Cynthia Hargadon* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Louis F. Laucirica* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Laurence A. Shadek* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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Nancy S. Taylor* |
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Trustee |
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October 15, 2009 |
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*By: |
/s/ Joseph F. Keefe |
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Joseph F. Keefe |
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As Attorney-in-Fact |
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October 15, 2009 |
7
Exhibit 99.B(d)(1)
FORM OF
INVESTMENT ADVISORY CONTRACT
Investment Advisory Contract (this Contract) dated as of [ ] between PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), and PAX WORLD MANAGEMENT CORP., a Delaware corporation (the Manager).
WITNESSETH:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows:
1
It is understood that any of the shareholders, the Trustees, officers and employees of the Trust may be a shareholder, director, officer or employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Manager, and in any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager, and that the Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager may have an interest in the Fund. It is also understood that the Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager have and may have advisory, management, service or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may have other interests and business.
Each Fund will pay to the Manager, as compensation for the Managers services rendered, for the facilities furnished and for the expenses borne by the Manager pursuant to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Section 1, a fee as described in SCHEDULE A.
2
In the event that expenses of a Fund for any fiscal year should exceed the expense limitation on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the Fund are qualified for offer or sale, the compensation due the Manager for such fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount of excess by a reduction or refund thereof. In the event that the expenses of a Fund exceed any expense limitation which the Manager may, by written notice to the Fund, voluntarily declare to be effective subject to such terms and conditions as the Manager may prescribe in such notice, the compensation due the Manager shall be reduced, and, if necessary, the Manager shall assume expenses of the Fund to the extent required by the terms and conditions of such expense limitation.
The Manager shall bear the expenses for each Fund as described below (excluding all taxes and charges of governmental agencies and brokerage commissions incurred in connection with portfolio transactions): (i) with respect to Class A shares of each of the Funds, the expenses that exceed, on a per annum basis, [insert amount and percentage] of the average daily net asset value of such class of such Fund, and (ii) with respect to Class C shares of the Funds, the expenses that exceed, on a per annum basis, [insert amount and percentage] of the average daily net asset value of such class.] Such expenses include: (a) the reimbursement of organizational expenses; (b) fees paid to Trustees that are not interested persons of the Fund as that term is defined in the 1940 Act; (c) the commissions and/or fees of such Funds custodian, distributor, registrar, transfer and dividend disbursing agent, independent registered public accounting firm and legal counsel; and (d) expenses related to shareholder communications, including all expenses of shareholders and Trustees meetings and of preparing, printing and mailing Fund share certificates, reports, notices, proxy statements and prospectuses to Fund shareholders and the Trustees.
This Contract shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment.
This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 5) until terminated as follows:
3
Action by a Fund under clause (a) above may be taken either (i) by vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 6 will be without the payment of any penalty.
For the purposes of this Contract, the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund means the affirmative vote, at a duly called and held meeting of shareholders of the Fund, (a) of the holders of 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting are present in person or by proxy, or (b) of the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting, whichever is less.
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms affiliated person, control, interested person and assignment shall have their respective meanings defined in the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder , subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the SEC under the 1940 Act and as may be interpreted by the staff of the SEC; the term specifically approve at least annually shall be construed in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act; and the term brokerage and research services shall have the meaning given in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Manager shall give each Fund the benefit of its best judgment and efforts in rendering the services set forth herein. In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Manager, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, the Manager shall not be subject to any liability to a Fund or to any shareholder of a Fund, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this Contract is executed on behalf of the Trustees as trustees of the Trust and not individually and that the obligations of or arising out of this Contract are not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the relevant Fund.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
4
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I and PAX WORLD MANAGEMENT CORP. have each caused this Contract to be signed in duplicate in its behalf by its President or a Vice President thereunto duly authorized, all as of the day and year first above written.
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PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I |
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By: |
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Name: |
Maureen Conley |
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Title: |
Secretary |
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PAX WORLD MANAGEMENT CORP. |
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By: |
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Name: |
Joseph F. Keefe |
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Title: |
President and Chief Executive Officer |
[Signature Page for Investment Advisory Contract]
5
SCHEDULE A
Fee Schedule
For purposes of this Fee Schedule, average net asset value shall be determined by taking an average of all of the determinations of such net asset value during such month at the close of business on each business day during such month while this Contract is in effect. Such fee shall be payable for each month within 15 days after the end of such month and shall commence accruing as of the date of the initial issuance of shares of each Fund to the public. If the Manager shall serve for less than the whole of a month, the foregoing compensation shall be prorated.
1. ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio
For services rendered as described in this Contract, ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio shall pay the Manager a fee, computed and paid monthly, at the annual rate of [0. ]% of average net asset value of the Fund.
2. ESG Managers Growth Portfolio
For services rendered as described in this Contract, ESG Managers Growth Portfolio shall pay the Manager a fee, computed and paid monthly, at the annual rate of [0. ]% of average net asset value of the Fund.
3. ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio
For services rendered as described in this Contract, ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio shall pay the Manager a fee, computed and paid monthly, at the annual rate of [0. ]% of average net asset value of the Fund.
4. ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio
For services rendered as described in this Contract, ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio shall pay the Manager a fee, computed and paid monthly, at the annual rate of [0. ]% of average net asset value of the Fund.
A-1
Exhibit 99.B(d)(2)
FORM OF
ASSET ALLOCATION SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
This Asset Allocation Sub-Advisory Agreement dated [ ] (Agreement) is entered by and between Morningstar Associates, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Lead Sub-Adviser), and Pax World Management Corp., a corporation (Pax), investment adviser for the various series of Pax World Funds Series Trust I (Pax World Funds) which are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as open-end management investment companies.
WHEREAS, Pax has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of [ ] (the Advisory Agreement) with Pax World Funds to provide investment advisory services to four (4) series of Pax World Funds: ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio and ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio (each, a Fund and collectively, the Funds);
WHEREAS, Pax wishes to retain Lead Sub-Adviser to provide asset allocation and portfolio construction services to the Funds and Lead Sub-Adviser is willing to provide such services upon the terms and conditions set forth below; and
WHEREAS, Lead Sub-Adviser is an investment adviser registered as such with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties agree as follows:
Lead Sub-Adviser is solely responsible for the Services, and it understands and agrees that Pax is not responsible for, and shall not review, the day-to-day investment activities of Lead Sub-Adviser with respect to any Fund.
Lead Sub-Adviser shall not vote proxy statements on behalf of the Funds. Proxy statements received by the Funds shall be voted by Pax (or by one or more Sleeve Sub-Advisers), in accordance with the then-current proxy voting policies and procedures of Pax (or such Sleeve Sub-Advisers).
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Morningstar®
[Copyright© [Insert date of publication]. Morningstar Associates, LLC. All Rights Reserved. (use the foregoing copyright notice as applicable if Morningstar is the author of the piece or if the piece contains Morningstars data). The information, data, analyses and opinions contained herein (a) include confidential and proprietary information of Morningstar Associates, LLC or, pursuant to a licensing agreement, Morningstar, Inc., and (b) may not be copied or redistributed for any purpose. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Information contained herein that has been provided by Morningstar Associates, LLC reflects factual data proprietary to Morningstar Associates, LLC, or its affiliate, Morningstar, Inc. Morningstar Associates, LLC serves as a Lead Sub-Adviser and, as such, provides asset allocation and fund selection services for the Funds. Morningstar Associates, LLC strongly encourages you to obtain and review the Pax prospectus prior to making an investment decision.]
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Lead Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless Pax and the Funds from any and all third party claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) which arise or result from Lead Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from Lead Sub-Advisers reckless disregard of its obligations or duties under this Agreement. In no case shall Lead Sub-Adviser be liable for actions taken or non-actions with respect to the performance of Services based upon specific information, instructions or requests given or made to Lead Sub-Adviser by Pax.
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If to Pax:
Pax World Management Corp
30 Penhollow Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Attention: Joseph F. Keefe
Telephone: 603-431-8022
Fax: 603-431-8732
If to Lead Sub-Adviser:
Morningstar Associates, LLC
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225 W. Washington Street
Chicago, Illinois 60602
Attention: D. Scott Schilling
Telephone: 312.696.6168
Fax: 312.696.6060
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their duly authorized signatories as of the date and year first above written.
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[Signature Page to Asset Allocation Sub-Advisory Agreement]
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Exhibit 99.B(d)(3)
FORM OF
SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
Agreement made as of the [ ], by and between Pax World Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the Manager), and [ ] (Sub-Adviser).
WHEREAS, Pax World Funds Series Trust I, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act);
WHEREAS, the Manager has entered into an investment advisory agreement, dated as of [ ] (the Advisory Agreement) with the Trust, pursuant to which the Manager acts as investment adviser to ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Growth Portfolio, ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio and ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio (each, a Fund); and
WHEREAS, the Manager, with the approval of the board of trustees of the Trust (the Trustees) and, to the extent required by applicable law, of the shareholders of the Funds, desires to retain Sub-Adviser to provide sub-advisory services to each of the Funds to manage a portion of each such Funds assets allocated to such Sub-Adviser by the Manager (the Allocated Assets);
WHEREAS, Sub-Adviser is willing to render such investment advisory services with respect to such Allocated Assets of each Fund;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser shall not be responsible to the Manager or the Funds for any Funds investment adherence to a percentage restriction contained in the Funds investment objective(s) or investment restrictions as set forth in the Funds currently effective Prospectus(es) and SAI(s) with respect to the portion of the Funds assets which is not allocated to Sub-Adviser.
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[Insert Name]
[Insert Address]
[Insert Fax Number]
with a copy to:
Manager:
Pax World Management Corp.
30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Attention: Joseph F. Keefe, CEO
Fax 603-431-9175
with a copy to:
Pax World Management Corp.
30 Penhallow Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Attention: John Boese, CCO
Fax 603-431-9175
with a copy to:
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Morningstar Associates, LLC
225 W. Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
Attention: D. Scott Schilling
Fax 312-696-6060
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[Remainder of page intentionally left blank signature page follows.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.
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[Signature Page to Sub-Advisory Agreement]
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SCHEDULE A
to the
Sub-Advisory Agreement
between
Pax World Management Corporation
and
[Insert Name]
As of , 2009
Pursuant to Paragraph 4, the Manager shall pay Sub-Adviser compensation at an annual rate applied to the Allocated Assets of each of the Funds set out below, accrued daily and paid monthly, as follows:
Pax World Funds Series Trust I:
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ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio |
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ESG Managers Growth Portfolio |
[0. ]% |
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ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio |
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Agreed and Accepted:
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A-1
Exhibit 99.B(m)(1)
FORM OF PAX WORLD FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
ESG MANAGERS ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIOS
Class [] Distribution Plan
This Plan (the Plan) constitutes the distribution plan relating to the Class [] shares (the Shares) of each ESG Managers Asset Allocation Portfolio (each a Fund and collectively, the Funds) of Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Trust).
Section 1. Each Fund will pay to the principal underwriter of the Shares of the Trust or such other person as shall from time to time be designated by such principal underwriter (the Distributor), a fee (the Distribution Fee) at an annual rate not to exceed [0.%] of such Funds average daily net assets attributable to the Shares of such Fund. Subject to such limit and subject to the provisions of Section 6 hereof, the Distribution Fee shall be as approved from time to time by (a) the Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Trust and (b) the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Fee shall be accrued daily and paid monthly or at such other intervals as the Board shall determine. The Distributor may pay all or any portion of the Distribution Fee to securities dealers or other organizations (including, but not limited to, any affiliate of the Distributor) as commissions, asset-based sales charges or other compensation with respect to the sale of the Shares of such Fund, or for providing personal services to investors in the Shares of such Fund and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts, and may retain all or any portion of the Distribution Fee as compensation for the Distributors services as principal underwriter of the Shares of such Fund.
Section 2. This Plan shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by votes of the majority (or whatever other percentage may from time to time be required by Section 12(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, its successor or the rules and regulations promulgated under either of the foregoing) of both (a) the Board and (b) the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on this Plan and/or the Trusts distribution agreement with the principal underwriter of the Shares of the Trust.
Section 3. Any person authorized to direct the disposition of monies paid or payable by the Funds pursuant to this Plan or any related agreement shall provide to the Board, and the Board shall review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts so expended and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
Section 4. This Plan may be terminated at any time as to any Fund by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of such Fund.
Section 5. All agreements with any person relating to the implementation of this Plan shall be in writing, and any agreement related to this Plan shall provide:
A. That such agreement may be terminated with respect to any Fund at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of such Fund, on not more than 60 days written notice to the other parties to the agreement; and
B. That such agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
Section 6. This Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of expenses payable for distribution hereunder without approval by a vote of at least a majority of the outstanding Shares of each Fund, and all material amendments of this Plan shall be approved in the manner provided for continuation of this Plan in Section 2.
Section 7. As used in this Plan, (a) the term Independent Trustees shall mean those members of the Board who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of this Plan or any agreements related to it, (b) the terms assignment and interested person shall have the respective meanings specified in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as it may from time to time be amended, and in the rules and regulations thereunder, and (c) the term majority of the outstanding Shares of such Fund shall have the meaning specified in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as it may be amended from time to time, for the term majority of the outstanding voting securities of a fund, all subject to such exemptions as have been or may from time to time be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Exhibit 99.B(m)(2)
FORM OF
PAX WORLD ESG MANAGERS ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIOS
Class C Shareholder Servicing and Processing Plan
Introduction: The Board of Trustees (the Board) of Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Trust) approved this Shareholder Servicing Plan on [insert date] 2009 (the Plan) with respect to the Class C shares of the portfolios of the Trust listed on Schedule A hereto, as such Schedule may be revised from time to time (each, a Fund). The Board hereby authorizes Pax World Management Corp and/or the Trusts principal underwriter (the Paying Agent) to engage on behalf of Class C and to pay out of Class C assets certain financial institutions, securities dealers and other industry professionals (collectively, Shareholder Servicing Agents) for providing services to Fund shareholders. This Plan is not adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Act).
The Board has requested and evaluated such information as it deemed necessary to make an informed determination as to whether this Plan should be adopted and has considered such pertinent factors as it deemed necessary to form the basis for a decision to use Trust assets for such shareholder servicing and processing purposes. In voting to approve the implementation of this Plan, the Board has concluded, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment and in light of applicable fiduciary duties, that there is a reasonable likelihood that this Plan will benefit Class C of each Fund and its shareholders.
This Plan: The material aspects of this Plan are as follows:
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Dated: [ ], 2009
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Schedule A
Fees are expressed as a percentage of the average daily net asset value of the Class C shares beneficially owned by or attributable to clients of a Shareholder Servicing Agent.
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ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Allocation Portfolio |
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ESG Managers Growth Allocation Portfolio |
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Dated: [ ], 2009
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October 15, 2009 |
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Stuart Fross
+1 617 526 6792(t) +1 617 526 5000(f) stuart.fross@wilmerhale.com |
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A for
Pax World Funds Series Trust I (the Trust) (File Nos. 002-38679; 811-02064)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Attached hereto for filing on behalf of the Trust pursuant to: (i) the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and Rule 485(a)(2) thereunder; (ii) the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act); and (iii) Rule 101(a) of Regulation S-T, is post-effective amendment No. 59 to the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A (the Amendment). The Amendment is intended to become effective on December 30, 2009.
The Amendment has been manually signed by the Trust, as required by Section 8(b) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Rule 302 under Regulation S-T, the Trust will retain the manually executed copy of the Amendment. The electronic copy of the Amendment contains conformed signatures.
The Amendment is being filed to register the ESG Managers Aggressive Growth Portfolio, the ESG Managers Growth Portfolio, the ESG Managers Moderate Portfolio and the ESG Managers Conservative Portfolio (the New Portfolios) as new series of the Trust. The Amendment contains: (i) a combined prospectus for the Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares of the New Portfolios; (ii) a combined statement of additional information for the Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares of the New Portfolios; (iii) Part C; and (iv) exhibits with respect to the New Portfolios.
If you have any questions or comments concerning the Amendment, please contact me at (617) 526-6792.
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Beijing Berlin Boston Brussels Frankfurt London Los Angeles New York Oxford Palo Alto Waltham Washington
Very truly yours,
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/s/ Stuart E. Fross |
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Stuart E. Fross |
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Attachments
cc: John Boese
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