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Fair Value Measurement
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
Fair Value Measurement
The following instruments are not measured at fair value on SJW Group’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019, but require disclosure of their fair values: cash and cash equivalents, a money market fund, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The estimated fair value of such instruments as of September 30, 2019, approximates their carrying value as reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value was determined using the income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. There have been no changes in valuation techniques during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The fair value of these instruments would be categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, which would be categorized as Level 1. The fair value of pension plan assets is discussed in Note 4.
The fair value of SJW Group’s long-term debt was approximately $641,395 and $490,148 as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, and was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on the current rates for similar financial instruments of the same duration and creditworthiness of the company. The book value of the long-term debt was $511,076 and $431,424 as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt would be categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of a short-term money market fund. The money market fund is managed by a reputable financial institution.
As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, SJW Group no longer held any equity investments in California Water Service Group which was categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, SJW Group recognized an unrealized gain of $0 and an unrealized loss of $527 due to the change in fair
value of the company’s investment in California Water Service Group. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, SJW Group sold 82,340 and 100,000 shares, respectively, of California Water Service Group for $3,398 and $4,112, respectively, before fees of $7 and $9, respectively. SJW Group recognized a gain on the sale of the stock of approximately $191 and $104, respectively, and a tax expense of approximately $53 and $29, respectively, for a net gain of $138 and $75 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.