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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE
2:
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Revenue and Income Recognition
 
On
January 1, 2018,
we adopted accounting standard ASC
606,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective method for all customer contracts
not
yet completed as of the adoption date. Results for reporting periods beginning
January 1, 2018
are presented under ASC
606,
while prior period amounts were
not
adjusted.
 
The adoption of ASC
606
did
not
have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the
three
month period ended
March 31, 2018
and, as a result, comparisons of revenues and operating profits performance between periods are
not
affected by the adoption of this ASU.
 
The Company designs, manufactures and sells custom chemical vapor deposition equipment through contractual agreements. These system sales require the Company to deliver functioning equipment that is generally completed within
three
to
eighteen
months from commencement of order acceptance. The Company recognizes revenue over time by using an input method based on costs incurred as it depicts the Company’s progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation. Under this method, revenue arising from fixed price contracts is recognized as work is performed based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligations.
 
Incurred costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs. Contract material costs are included in incurred costs when the project materials have been purchased or moved to work in process as required by the project’s engineering design. Cost based input methods of revenue recognition require the Company to make estimates of costs to complete the projects. In making such estimates, significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to the costs to complete the projects, including materials, labor and other system costs. If the estimated total costs on any contract are greater than the net contract revenues, the Company recognizes the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known and can be reasonably estimated.
 
“Contract assets,” include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The amount
may
not
exceed their estimated net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current based on our contract operating cycle.
 
“Contract liabilities,” include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities based on our contract operating cycle and reported on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.
 
For outright sales of products, revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services (the transaction price). A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer and is the unit of account under ASC
606.
 
Research
and
Development
 
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Due to the highly technical nature of our projects, we use our technical staff in a dual role, and based on their contribution to the customer or research and development projects, their costs are charged accordingly to either cost of goods sold or research and development.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
 
In
February 2018,
the FASB issued ASU
2018
-
02,
Income Statement-R
eporting Comprehensive Income (Topic
220
): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effe
c
ts from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
. The ASU permits companies to elect a reclassification of disproportionate tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) caused by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of
2017
to retained earnings. The ASU also requires additional disclosures. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018
and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In
June 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
13,
F
inancial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic
326
)
, which require that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected. The income statement reflects the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the increase or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2019
and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018
is permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In
February 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842
)
, which supersedes ASC
840,
Leases
, and creates a new topic, ASC
842,
Leases
. This update requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than
12
months on its balance sheet. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. The accounting for lessors does
not
fundamentally change except for changes to conform and align guidance to the lessee guidance as well as to the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU
2014
-
09.
This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018
and interim periods within those fiscal years. This update will be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements, however we do
not
expect ASC
842
to have a material effect on either our consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flow.
 
We believe there is
no
additional new accounting guidance adopted, but
not
yet effective that is relevant to the readers of our financial statements. However, there are numerous new proposals under development which, if and when enacted,
may
have a significant impact on our financial reporting.