The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities included in OCI for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.


For the years ended December 31,	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	$	(44,718,000)	$	(1,718,000)	$	5,009,000
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the year	6,510,000		(54,424,000)		(8,492,000)
Reclassification of realized gains during the year	—		(7,000)		(23,000)
Related deferred taxes	(1,367,000)		11,431,000		1,788,000

Net change	5,143,000		(43,000,000)		(6,727,000)
Balance at end of year	$	(39,575,000)	$	(44,718,000)	$	(1,718,000)

The reclassification of realized gains is included in the net securities gains line of the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and the tax effect is included in the income tax expense line of the same statement.

The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized loss on securities transferred from AFS to HTM included in OCI for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.


For the years ended December 31,	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	$	(64,000)	$	(87,000)	$	(133,000)

Amortization of net unrealized gains	10,000		29,000		58,000
Related deferred taxes	(2,000)		(6,000)		(12,000)

Net change	8,000		23,000		46,000
Balance at end of year	$	(56,000)	$	(64,000)	$	(87,000)

The following table represents the effect of the Company's derivative financial instruments included in OCI for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.


For the years ended December 31,	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	$	544,000	$	—	$	(4,932,000)
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedging derivatives arising during the year	(309,000)		689,000		6,243,000

Related deferred taxes	65,000		(145,000)		(1,311,000)

Net change	(244,000)		544,000		4,932,000
Balance at end of year	$	300,000	$	544,000	$	—

The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized gain or loss on postretirement benefits included in OCI for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:


For the years ended December 31,	2023		2022		2021
Unrecognized postretirement benefits at beginning of year	$	273,000	$	105,000	$	28,000

Change in unamortized net actuarial gain	39,000		212,000		98,000
Related deferred taxes	(9,000)		(44,000)		(21,000)

Net change	30,000		168,000		77,000
Unrecognized postretirement benefits at end of year	$	303,000	$	273,000	$	105,000

The reclassification of accumulated losses is a component of net periodic benefit cost (see Note 12) and the income tax effect is included in the income tax expense line of the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.