Summary of Significant Accounting Policies


A.	Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated profit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (b) the consolidated comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (c) the consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (d) the consolidated changes in shareholder's equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and (e) the consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2019 Form 10-K). The December 31, 2019 financial position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period financial statement presentation.

We consolidate all variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. Please refer to Note 7 for more information.

We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support to these entities and therefore have a variable interest, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk of the financial support that we have provided. Credit risk is evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses.


B.	Accounting Policy Updates

For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Significant accounting policies that have been revised since our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K are shown below. These accounting policy changes were effective January 1, 2020 with the adoption of the new credit loss accounting guidance discussed in Note 2. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivable portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and Company-specific macro-economic factors, are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it is determined that similar risk characteristics do not exist. Finance receivables are identified for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 3 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies.

Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). The amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received.