10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

Commission File No. 001-11241

CATERPILLAR FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	37-1105865
(State of incorporation)	(IRS Employer I.D. No.)
2120 West End Ave., Nashville, Tennessee	37203-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:(615) 341-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
	Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange  on which registered
	Medium-Term Notes, Series H, 3.300% Notes Due 2024	CAT/24	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ü ] No [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [ü ] No [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	[    ]	Accelerated filer	[    ]
Non-accelerated filer	[ü ]	Smaller reporting company	[    ]
		Emerging growth company	[    ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [    ] No [ü ]

As of May 6, 2020, one share of common stock of the registrant was outstanding, which is owned by Caterpillar Inc.

The registrant is a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. and meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (H)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q, and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format.

UNAUDITED

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

In addition to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, "Cat Financial," "the Company," "we," "us" or "our"), we suggest that you read our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 19, 2020. The Company files electronically with the SEC required reports on Form 8-K, Form 10-Q, Form 10-K; registration statements on Form S-3; and other forms or reports as required.  The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.  Copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished with the SEC are available free of charge through Caterpillar’s website (www.caterpillar.com/secfilings) as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC.  In addition, the public may obtain more detailed information about our parent company, Caterpillar, by visiting its website (www.caterpillar.com).  None of the information contained at any time on our website or Caterpillar’s website is incorporated by reference into this document.

2

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Revenues:
Retail finance	$	329		$	335
Operating lease	257			258
Wholesale finance	99			119
Other, net	10			24
Total revenues	695			736
Expenses:
Interest	175			201
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	201			202
General, operating and administrative	108			124
Provision for credit losses	61			53
Other	13			10
Total expenses	558			590
Other income (expense)	(10		)	(4		)
Profit before income taxes	127			142
Provision for income taxes	33			38
Profit of consolidated companies	94			104
Less:  Profit attributable to noncontrolling interests	4			6
Profit(1)	$	90		$	98

⁽¹⁾ Profit attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

3

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Profit of consolidated companies	$	94		$	104
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2020 $(12); 2019 $(4)	(307		)	15
Derivative financial instruments:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2020 $(19); 2019 $1	67			(3		)
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax expense/(benefit) of: 2020 $16; 2019 $3	(61		)	(11		)
Total Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(301		)	1
Comprehensive income (loss)	(207		)	105
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests	3			8
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation	$	(210	)	$	97

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

4

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions, except share data)

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	670		$	690
Finance receivables, net of Allowance for credit losses of $457 and $424	26,570			27,832
Notes receivable from Caterpillar	290			296
Equipment on operating leases, net	3,396			3,583
Other assets	1,406			1,292
Total assets	$	32,332		$	33,693
Liabilities and shareholder’s equity:
Payable to dealers and others	$	118		$	135
Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings and other	112			693
Accrued expenses	233			241
Short-term borrowings	4,789			5,161
Current maturities of long-term debt	7,792			6,194
Long-term debt	15,371			17,140
Other liabilities	901			893
Total liabilities	29,316			30,457
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 7)
Common stock - $1 par value
Authorized:  2,000 shares; Issued and
outstanding: one share (at paid-in amount)	745			745
Additional paid-in capital	2			2
Retained earnings	3,239			3,162
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(1,145		)	(845		)
Noncontrolling interests	175			172
Total shareholder’s equity	3,016			3,236
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity	$	32,332		$	33,693

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

5

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)			Noncontrolling interests			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	745	$	2	$	2,874		$	(925	)	$	153		$	2,849
Profit of consolidated companies					98						6			104
Foreign currency translation, net of tax								13			2			15
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax								(14		)				(14		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)					(97		)	97						—
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	745	$	2	$	2,875		$	(829	)	$	161		$	2,954
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	745	$	2	$	3,162		$	(845	)	$	172		$	3,236
Profit of consolidated companies					90						4			94
Foreign currency translation, net of tax								(306		)	(1		)	(307		)
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax								6						6
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(2)					(13		)							(13		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	745	$	2	$	3,239		$	(1,145	)	$	175		$	3,016

⁽¹⁾ Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

⁽²⁾ Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to credit losses (See Note 2).

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

6

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated companies	$	94		$	104
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization	205			206
Amortization of receivables purchase discount	(91		)	(109		)
Provision for credit losses	61			53
Other, net	150			33
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(42		)	2
Payable to dealers and others	35			13
Accrued expenses	(17		)	(11		)
Other payables with Caterpillar	9			4
Other liabilities	(3		)	4
Net cash provided by operating activities	401			299
Cash flows from investing activities:
Expenditures for equipment on operating leases	(246		)	(242		)
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment on operating leases	(1		)	(4		)
Proceeds from disposals of equipment	155			182
Additions to finance receivables	(3,213		)	(2,971		)
Collections of finance receivables	3,422			3,096
Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables	376			(16		)
Proceeds from sales of receivables	31			44
Net change in variable lending to Caterpillar	—			1
Collections on other notes receivable with Caterpillar	6			16
Settlements of undesignated derivatives	35			(25		)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	565			81
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in variable lending from Caterpillar	(596		)	(63		)
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	2,126			2,664
Payments on debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	(2,460		)	(2,565		)
Short-term borrowings, net (original maturities three months or less)	(35		)	(525		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(965		)	(489		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(22		)	(2		)
Increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(21		)	(111		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year(1)	695			773
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period(1)	$	674		$	662

⁽¹⁾ As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, restricted cash, which is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, was $4 million and $5 million, respectively. Restricted cash primarily includes cash related to syndication activities.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

7

UNAUDITED

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated profit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (b) the consolidated comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (c) the consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (d) the consolidated changes in shareholder's equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and (e) the consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts.  Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2019 Form 10-K). The December 31, 2019 financial position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period financial statement presentation.

We consolidate all variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. Please refer to Note 7 for more information.

We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support to these entities and therefore have a variable interest, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk of the financial support that we have provided. Credit risk is evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses.

B. Accounting Policy Updates

For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Significant accounting policies that have been revised since our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K are shown below. These accounting policy changes were effective January 1, 2020 with the adoption of the new credit loss accounting guidance discussed in Note 2. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivable portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and Company-specific macro-economic factors, are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.

8

UNAUDITED

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it is determined that similar risk characteristics do not exist. Finance receivables are identified for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable.  In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 3 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies.

Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). The amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

A. Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Credit losses (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13) – In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new accounting guidance to introduce a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The new guidance applies to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and other off-balance sheet credit exposures. The new guidance also applies to debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The new guidance was effective January 1, 2020 and was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

The most significant effects of adoption relate to the change in methodology for estimating our Allowance for credit losses from an incurred loss model to a current expected credit loss model. We elected to present accrued interest receivable related to our finance receivables in Finance receivables, net. In prior period comparative information, accrued interest receivable continues to be reported in Other assets. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

The cumulative effect of initially applying the new credit loss guidance to our consolidated financial statements on January 1, 2020 was as follows:

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars)	Balance as of December 31, 2019		Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Credit Loss Standard			Balance as of January 1, 2020
Assets:
Finance receivables, net	$	27,832	$	42		$	27,874
Other assets	$	1,292	$	(53	)	$	1,239
Liabilities:
Other liabilities	$	893	$	2		$	895
Shareholder's equity
Retained earnings	$	3,162	$	(13	)	$	3,149

See Note 3 for additional information.

9

UNAUDITED

We adopted the following ASUs effective January 1, 2020, none of which had a material impact on our financial statements:

ASU	Description
2018-13	Fair value measurement
2018-15	Internal-use software
2018-19	Codification improvements - Credit losses
2019-04	Codification improvements - Credit losses, Derivatives & hedging, and Financial instruments
2019-05	Financial instruments - Credit losses
2019-11	Codification improvements - Credit losses
2019-12	Simplifying accounting for income taxes
2020-02	Financial instruments - Credit losses
2020-03	Codification improvements - Financial instruments

B. Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. The ASUs were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

3. Finance Receivables

Effective January 1, 2020, we implemented the new credit loss guidance using a modified retrospective approach. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods. See Note 2 for additional information.

A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Retail loans, net(1)	$	15,061		$	15,424
Retail leases, net	7,207			7,660
Caterpillar purchased receivables, net	4,055			4,448
Wholesale loans, net(1)	655			664
Wholesale leases, net	49			60
Total finance receivables	27,027			28,256
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(457		)	(424		)
Total finance receivables, net	$	26,570		$	27,832

⁽¹⁾ Includes failed sale leasebacks.

Finance leases

Revenues from finance leases were $125 million and $118 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in retail and wholesale finance revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. The residual values for leases classified as finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. For finance leases, residual value adjustments are recognized through a reduction of finance revenue over the remaining lease term.

Allowance for credit losses

Portfolio segments

A portfolio segment is the level at which we develop a systematic methodology for determining our allowance for credit losses. Our portfolio segments and related methods for estimating expected credit losses are as follows:

Customer

We provide loans and finance leases to end-user customers primarily for the purpose of financing new and used Caterpillar machinery, engines and equipment for commercial use, the majority of which operate in construction-related industries. We also provide financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products.

10

UNAUDITED

The average original term of our customer finance receivable portfolio is approximately 48 months with an average remaining term of approximately 22 months.

We typically maintain a security interest in financed equipment and we require physical damage insurance coverage on the financed equipment, both of which provide us with certain rights and protections. If our collection efforts fail to bring a defaulted account current, we generally can repossess the financed equipment, after satisfying local legal requirements, and sell it within the Caterpillar dealer network or through third party auctions.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses related to our customer finance receivables based on loss forecast models utilizing probabilities of default and our estimated loss given default based on past loss experience adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts capturing country and industry-specific macro-economic factors.

As of March 31, 2020, our forecasts for the markets in which we operate reflected a decline in economic conditions resulting from a contracting economy, elevated unemployment rates and an increase in the level and trend of delinquencies due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe the economic forecasts employed represent reasonable and supportable forecasts, followed by a reversion to long term trends.

Dealer

We provide financing to Caterpillar dealers in the form of wholesale financing plans. Our wholesale financing plans provide assistance to dealers by financing their new Caterpillar equipment inventory and rental fleets and are generally secured by the financed equipment. In addition, we provide unsecured loans to Caterpillar dealers for working capital.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses for dealer finance receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Although forecasts indicate a decline in economic conditions, our Dealer portfolio segment has not historically resulted in increased credit losses during prior economic downturns due to our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, no adjustments to historical loss rates were made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

Caterpillar Purchased Receivables

We purchase receivables from Caterpillar, primarily related to the sale of equipment and parts to dealers. Caterpillar purchased receivables are non-interest-bearing short-term trade receivables that are purchased at a discount.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses for Caterpillar purchased receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Although forecasts indicate a decline in economic conditions, our Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment has not historically resulted in increased credit losses during prior economic downturns due to the short-term maturities of the receivables, our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, no adjustments to historical loss rates were made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

Classes of finance receivables

We further evaluate our portfolio segments by the class of finance receivables, which is defined as a level of information (below a portfolio segment) in which the finance receivables have the same initial measurement attribute and a similar method for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Typically, our finance receivables within a geographic area have similar credit risk profiles and methods for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Our classes, which align with management reporting for credit losses, are as follows:

• North America - Finance receivables originated in the United States and Canada.

• EAME - Finance receivables originated in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

• Asia/Pacific - Finance receivables originated in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.

• Mining - Finance receivables related to large mining customers worldwide.

• Latin America - Finance receivables originated in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

• Caterpillar Power Finance - Finance receivables originated worldwide related to marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems.

11

UNAUDITED

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	12			—		—		12
Receivables written off	(37		)	—		—		(37		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	7			—		—		7
Provision for credit losses	60			—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(9		)	—		—		(9		)
Balance at end of period	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Individually evaluated	$	176		$	39	$	—	$	215
Collectively evaluated	232			6		4		242
Ending Balance	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	570		$	78	$	—	$	648
Collectively evaluated	18,111			4,213		4,055		26,379
Ending Balance	$	18,681		$	4,291	$	4,055	$	27,027

⁽¹⁾ See Note 2 regarding new accounting guidance related to credit losses.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511
Receivables written off	(281		)	—		—		(281		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	44			—		—		44
Provision for credit losses	138			24		—		162
Adjustment due to sale of receivables	(11		)	—		—		(11		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1		)	—		—		(1		)
Balance at end of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Individually evaluated	$	178		$	39	$	—	$	217
Collectively evaluated	197			6		4		207
Ending Balance	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	594		$	78	$	—	$	672
Collectively evaluated	18,770			4,366		4,448		27,584
Ending Balance	$	19,364		$	4,444	$	4,448	$	28,256

Credit quality of finance receivables

At origination, we evaluate credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit-rating agency ratings, loan-to-value ratios, probabilities of default, industry trends, macroeconomic factors and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, we monitor credit quality based on past-due status as there is a meaningful correlation between the past-due status of customers and the risk of loss. In determining past-due status, we consider the entire finance receivable past due when any installment is over 30 days past due.

12

UNAUDITED

Customer

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year.

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Finance Receivables		Total Finance Receivables
North America
Current	$	934	$	3,277	$	2,015	$	952	$	455	$	155	$	157	$	7,945
31-60 days past due	6		55		52		29		21		5		—		168
61-90 days past due	—		11		11		10		3		1		—		36
91+ days past due	—		14		21		15		10		6		—		66
EAME
Current	249		1,164		773		358		133		44		—		2,721
31-60 days past due	2		11		5		4		2		—		—		24
61-90 days past due	—		7		3		2		1		1		—		14
91+ days past due	—		8		22		23		53		61		—		167
Asia/Pacific
Current	259		1,249		688		240		61		30		32		2,559
31-60 days past due	2		26		25		9		—		1		—		63
61-90 days past due	—		14		14		5		1		—		—		34
91+ days past due	—		15		17		8		1		—		—		41
Mining
Current	85		711		413		267		139		217		199		2,031
31-60 days past due	—		—		1		—		—		1		—		2
61-90 days past due	—		3		12		6		—		—		—		21
91+ days past due	—		12		12		23		—		—		1		48
Latin America
Current	175		483		253		88		23		49		—		1,071
31-60 days past due	—		15		10		8		4		2		—		39
61-90 days past due	—		5		7		5		2		—		—		19
91+ days past due	—		11		29		24		9		7		—		80
Caterpillar Power Finance
Current	3		301		221		287		158		158		160		1,288
31-60 days past due	—		—		11		—		4		11		—		26
61-90 days past due	—		—		—		1		—		—		—		1
91+ days past due	—		—		20		11		37		149		—		217
Total	$	1,715	$	7,392	$	4,635	$	2,375	$	1,117	$	898	$	549	$	18,681

Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment are substantially secured by collateral, primarily in the form of Caterpillar and other machinery. For those contracts where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, repayment of the outstanding amounts is generally expected to be provided through the operation or repossession and sale of the machinery.

Dealer

As of March 31, 2020, our total amortized cost of finance receivables within the Dealer portfolio segment was current, with the exception of $78 million that was 91+ days past due in Latin America. These past due receivables were originated in 2017.

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Caterpillar Purchased Receivables

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment.

(Millions of dollars)
	March 31, 2020
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
North America	$	16	$	9	$	18	$	43	$	2,290	$	2,333
EAME	1		—		1		2		587		589
Asia/Pacific	2		1		1		4		686		690
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		425		425
Caterpillar Power Finance	2		2		1		5		13		18
Total	$	21	$	12	$	21	$	54	$	4,001	$	4,055

The table below summarizes our recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category.

(Millions of dollars)
	December 31, 2019
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
Customer
North America	$	72	$	23	$	55	$	150	$	8,085	$	8,235
EAME	30		31		141		202		2,882		3,084
Asia/Pacific	40		14		29		83		2,733		2,816
Mining	5		—		19		24		2,266		2,290
Latin America	41		23		80		144		1,131		1,275
Caterpillar Power Finance	10		10		225		245		1,419		1,664
Dealer
North America	—		—		—		—		2,514		2,514
EAME	—		—		—		—		600		600
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		487		487
Mining	—		—		—		—		4		4
Latin America	—		—		78		78		758		836
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		3		3
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
North America	15		6		18		39		2,450		2,489
EAME	1		—		2		3		574		577
Asia/Pacific	1		—		—		1		891		892
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		475		475
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		15		15
Total	$	215	$	107	$	647	$	969	$	27,287	$	28,256

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Impaired finance receivables

A finance receivable is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Impaired finance receivables include finance receivables that have been restructured and are considered to be troubled debt restructures.

In our Customer portfolio segment, impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)
	As of December 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
North America	$	6	$	6	$	—
EAME	—		—		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—
Mining	22		22		—
Latin America	8		8		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	58		58		—
Total	$	94	$	94	$	—
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	30	$	30	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	37		36		9
Latin America	58		58		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	306		319		107
Total	$	500	$	512	$	178
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	36	$	36	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	59		58		9
Latin America	66		66		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	364		377		107
Total	$	594	$	606	$	178

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(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
North America	$	10	$	—
EAME	1		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—
Mining	31		—
Latin America	24		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	60		1
Total	$	126	$	1
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	40	$	1
EAME	94		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	43		1
Latin America	77		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	451		3
Total	$	712	$	7
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	50	$	1
EAME	95		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	74		1
Latin America	101		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	511		4
Total	$	838	$	8

There were $78 million in impaired finance receivables with a related allowance of $39 million as of December 31, 2019 for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. There were no impaired finance receivables as of December 31, 2019 for the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment.

Non-accrual finance receivables

Recognition of income is suspended and the finance receivable is placed on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable. Contracts on non-accrual status are generally more than 120 days past due or have been restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Recognition is resumed and previously suspended income is recognized when the finance receivable becomes current and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms. Interest earned but uncollected prior to the receivable being placed on non-accrual status is written off through Provision for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, it is considered uncollectible.

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In our Customer portfolio segment, finance receivables which were on non-accrual status and finance receivables over 90 days past due and still accruing income were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost
	Non-accrual With an Allowance		Non-accrual Without an Allowance		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	50	$	—	$	20
EAME	168		1		5
Asia/Pacific	29		—		12
Mining	40		—		9
Latin America	87		—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	329		—		7
Total	$	703	$	1	$	53

There was less than $1 million of interest income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 for customer finance receivables on non-accrual status.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
	Recorded Investment
	Non-accrual Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	44	$	15
EAME	165		4
Asia/Pacific	21		8
Mining	47		—
Latin America	89		2
Caterpillar Power Finance	361		—
Total	$	727	$	29

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $78 million in finance receivables on non-accrual status in our Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. There were no finance receivables in our Dealer portfolio segment more than 90 days past due and still accruing income as of March 31, 2020 and no interest income was recognized on dealer finance receivables on non-accrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Troubled debt restructurings

A restructuring of a finance receivable constitutes a TDR when the lender grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions granted may include extended contract maturities, inclusion of interest only periods, below market interest rates, payment deferrals and reduction of principal and/or accrued interest.

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There were no finance receivables modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 for the Dealer or Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segments. Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Amortized Cost		Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	—	$	—	$	—	17	$	7	$	7
Latin America	5	2		2		—	—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	—	—		—		8	51		50
Total	5	$	2	$	2	25	$	58	$	57

TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date, were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	2	$	10	—	$	—
Latin America	3	1		—	—
Total	5	$	11	—	$	—

4. Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.  Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures.  Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes.  Derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts.  Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers.  Risk management practices, including the use of financial derivative instruments, are presented to our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee of the Caterpillar Inc. Board of Directors at least annually.

All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at their fair value.  On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the derivative instrument is (1) designated as a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), (2) designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows (cash flow hedge) or (3) undesignated.  Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged recognized asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current earnings.  Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (AOCI), to the extent effective, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.  Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments are reported in current earnings.  Cash flows from designated derivative financial instruments are classified within the same category as the item being hedged on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.  Cash flows from undesignated derivative financial instruments are included in the investing category on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.  This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow.

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 We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flow of hedged items.  When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively in accordance with derecognition criteria for hedge accounting.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

We have balance sheet positions and expected future transactions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. In managing foreign currency risk, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies.  Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies.  Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt.  Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes.

We have a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate and duration) of our debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our finance receivable portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis.  In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the finance receivable portfolio.  This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move.

Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective.  We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

As of March 31, 2020, $16 million of deferred net losses, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position), related to our floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts, are expected to be reclassified to Interest expense over the next twelve months.  The actual amount recorded in Interest expense will vary based on interest rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings.

As of March 31, 2020, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments related to our fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts included in the carrying amount of Long-term debt was $64 million. Fair value gains and losses on these interest rate contracts and the related hedged items generally offset within interest expense. We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts that resulted in deferred gains at the time of liquidation. The deferred gains associated with these interest rate contracts are included in Long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are being amortized to Interest expense over the remaining term of the previously designated hedged item.

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The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Designated derivatives
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	61		$	5
Interest rate contracts	Accrued expenses	(31		)	(25		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	152			67
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	(1		)	(3		)
		$	181		$	44
Undesignated derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets	$	75		$	7
Foreign exchange contracts	Accrued expenses	(28		)	(21		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	13			5
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	—			(1		)
		$	60		$	(10	)

The total notional amount of our derivative instruments was $10.58 billion and $8.93 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amounts exchanged by the parties are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

Cash Flow Hedges
(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(15	)	Interest expense	$	(5	)	$	175
Cross currency contracts	101			Other income (expense)	71			(10		)
				Interest expense	11			175
	$	86			$	77
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(26	)	Interest expense	$	1		$	201
Cross currency contracts	22			Other income (expense)	6			(4		)
				Interest expense	7			201
	$	(4	)		$	14

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The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Classification	2020		2019
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense)	$	99	$	(29	)
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	9		—
		$	108	$	(29	)

We enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits us or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements generally also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event.

Collateral is generally not required of the counterparties or us under the master netting agreements. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements.

The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Derivative Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$	301		$	84
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Assets(1)	301			84
Gross Amounts Not Offset	(47		)	(21		)
Net Amount	$	254		$	63
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$	(60	)	$	(50	)
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Liabilities(1)	(60		)	(50		)
Gross Amounts Not Offset	47			21
Net Amount	$	(13	)	$	(29	)

⁽¹⁾ As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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5. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) and its components are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity, consisted of the following:

(Millions of dollars)	Foreign currency translation			Derivative financial instruments			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(889	)	$	(36	)	$	(925	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	13			(3		)	10
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(11		)	(11		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	98			(1		)	97
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	111			(15		)	96
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(778	)	$	(51	)	$	(829	)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(777	)	$	(68	)	$	(845	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(306		)	67			(239		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(61		)	(61		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(306		)	6			(300		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	(1,083	)	$	(62	)	$	(1,145	)

⁽¹⁾ Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative financial instruments	Classification of income (expense)	2020			2019
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	$	71		$	6
Cross currency contracts	Interest expense	11			7
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense	(5		)	1
Reclassifications before tax		77			14
Tax (provision) benefit		(16		)	(3		)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)		$	61		$	11

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6. Segment Information

A.     Basis for Segment Information

We report information internally for operating segments based on management responsibility. Our operating segments provide financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products, as well as financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. Financing plans include operating and finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and wholesale financing plans within each of the operating segments.

B.     Description of Segments

We have six operating segments that offer financing services. Following is a brief description of our segments:

• North America - Includes our operations in the United States and Canada.

• EAME - Includes our operations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.  

• Asia/Pacific - Includes our operations in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.  

• Latin America - Includes our operations in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

• Caterpillar Power Finance - Provides financing worldwide for marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and for Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems. 

• Mining - Provides financing for large mining customers worldwide.

To align with changes in executive management responsibilities and measurement of segment performance, our management reporting was updated effective January 1, 2020. Prior year data has been revised to conform to the 2020 presentation.

C.     Segment Measurement and Reconciliations

Cash, debt and other expenses are allocated to our segments based on their respective portfolios. The related Interest expense is calculated based on the amount of allocated debt and the rates associated with that debt. The performance of each segment is assessed based on a consistent leverage ratio. The Provision for credit losses is based on each segment's respective finance receivable portfolio. Capital expenditures include expenditures for equipment on operating leases and other miscellaneous capital expenditures.

Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. For the reconciliation of Profit before income taxes, we have grouped the reconciling items as follows:

• Unallocated - This item is related to corporate requirements and strategies that are considered to be for the benefit of the entire organization. Also included are the consolidated results of the special purpose corporation (see Note 7 for additional information) and other miscellaneous items.

• Timing - Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting.

• Methodology - Methodology differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting are as follows:

◦ Segment assets include off-balance sheet managed assets for which we maintain servicing responsibilities.

◦ The impact of differences between the actual leverage and the segment leverage ratios.

◦ Interest expense includes realized forward points on foreign currency forward contracts.

◦ The net gain or loss from interest rate derivatives is excluded from segment reporting.

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Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the three months ended March 31 was as follows:

(Millions of dollars) 2020	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at March 31, 2020			Capital expenditures
North America	$	382		$	75		$	94		$	144	$	22		$	15,146		$	220
EAME	70			16			13			16		7			4,624			4
Asia/Pacific	86			36			27			2		7			4,163			3
Latin America	53			6			23			3		7			2,590			3
Caterpillar Power Finance	20			1			8			—		5			1,509			—
Mining	81			8			17			36		13			2,704			16
Total Segments	692			142			182			201		61			30,736			246
Unallocated	9			(70		)	56			—		—			1,933			1
Timing	(6		)	(1		)	—			—		—			13			—
Methodology	—			56			(63		)	—		—			(74		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(276		)	—
Total	$	695		$	127		$	175		$	201	$	61		$	32,332		$	247
2019	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2019			Capital expenditures
North America	$	400		$	116		$	97		$	143	$	7		$	15,496		$	178
EAME	70			23			13			17		(1		)	4,918			23
Asia/Pacific	88			39			29			3		3			4,540			6
Latin America	58			3			22			5		15			2,809			2
Caterpillar Power Finance	29			(16		)	13			—		26			1,673			—
Mining	80			16			18			34		3			2,966			34
Total Segments	725			181			192			202		53			32,402			243
Unallocated	19			(83		)	64			—		—			1,896			3
Timing	(8		)	(5		)	—			—		—			16			—
Methodology	—			49			(55		)	—		—			(216		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(405		)	—
Total	$	736		$	142		$	201		$	202	$	53		$	33,693		$	246

⁽¹⁾ Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans.

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7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Guarantees

We provide loan guarantees to third-party lenders for financing associated with machinery purchased by customers.  These guarantees have varying terms and are secured by the machinery being financed. We also provide residual value guarantees to third-party lenders associated with machinery leased to customers. These guarantees have varying terms. In addition, we participate in standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of our customers.  These standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are secured by customer assets.

No significant loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of these guarantees. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the related recorded liability was less than $1 million. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees was $50 million and $65 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

We provide guarantees to repurchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a special-purpose corporation (SPC) that qualifies as a VIE (see Note 1 for additional information regarding the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs).  The purpose of the SPC is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers.  This SPC issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program.  We have a loan purchase agreement with the SPC that obligates us to purchase certain loans that are not paid at maturity.  We receive a fee for providing this guarantee, which provides a source of liquidity for the SPC.  We are the primary beneficiary of the SPC as our guarantees result in us having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the SPC's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses and therefore we have consolidated the financial statements of the SPC. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the SPC’s assets of $1.47 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of loans to dealers, which are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the SPC's liabilities of $1.47 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of commercial paper, which is included in Short-term borrowings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  The assets of the SPC are not available to pay our creditors. We may be obligated to perform under the guarantee if the SPC experiences losses. No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement.

Litigation and claims

We are involved in unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of our unresolved legal actions, we believe that these unresolved legal actions will neither individually nor in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

8. Fair Value Measurements

A. Fair Value Measurements

The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.  This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques.  Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions.  In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:

• Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

• Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.

• Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.

When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2.  If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates.  These measurements are classified within Level 3.

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Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation.  A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk.  Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or us) will not be fulfilled.  For financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price.  For certain other financial assets and liabilities (Level 2 and 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly.

Derivative financial instruments

The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on standard industry accepted models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows.  The fair value of foreign currency forward and cross currency contracts is based on standard industry accepted valuation models that discount cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

Derivative financial instruments are measured on a recurring basis at fair value and are classified as Level 2 measurements.   We had derivative financial instruments in a net asset position included in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of $241 million and $34 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Impaired loans

Our impaired loans are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are classified as Level 3 measurements. A loan is considered impaired when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable. In these cases, an allowance for credit losses may be established based either on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We had impaired loans carried at the fair value of $324 million and $343 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

B. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

In addition to the methods and assumptions we use to record the fair value of financial instruments as discussed in the Fair Value Measurements section above, we used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Finance receivables, net – fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities. 

Restricted cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Short-term borrowings – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Long-term debt – fair value for fixed and floating-rate debt was estimated based on quoted market prices.

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Fair values of our financial instruments were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Fair Value Levels	Reference
Cash and cash equivalents	$	670		$	670		$	690		$	690		1
Restricted cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	4		$	4		$	5		$	5		1
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases(2))	$	19,231		$	19,271		$	20,022		$	20,133		3	Note 3
Interest rate contracts:
In a receivable position	$	61		$	61		$	5		$	5		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(31	)	$	(31	)	$	(25	)	$	(25	)	2	Note 4
Cross currency contracts:
In a receivable position	$	165		$	165		$	72		$	72		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	(4	)	$	(4	)	2	Note 4
Foreign exchange contracts:
In a receivable position	$	75		$	75		$	7		$	7		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(28	)	$	(28	)	$	(21	)	$	(21	)	2	Note 4
Short-term borrowings	$	(4,789	)	$	(4,789	)	$	(5,161	)	$	(5,161	)	1
Long-term debt	$	(23,163	)	$	(23,226	)	$	(23,334	)	$	(23,655	)	2

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

⁽²⁾ Represents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of $7.34 billion and $7.81 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

9. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes reflected an estimated annual tax rate of 26 percent in the first quarter of 2020, compared with 27 percent in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease in the estimated annual tax rate was primarily due to changes in the geographic mix of profits.

10. Subsequent Event

As the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to evolve, our financial results for the remainder of 2020 and perhaps beyond will be impacted by the continued global economic uncertainty. The magnitude of the pandemic, including the extent of any impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity, which could be material, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to the rapid development and fluidity of the situation. The ultimate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business will be determined by the duration of the pandemic, its geographic spread, business disruptions and the overall impact on the global economy.

We, as a result, have taken decisive actions to maintain our strong financial position and increase liquidity. In April 2020, we registered for $4.1 billion in commercial paper support programs now available in the United States and Canada. In addition, we also benefit from the incremental $3.9 billion short-term credit facility that was secured by Caterpillar. We have not made any drawings under this new credit facility or our existing global credit facilities as of the date of this filing nor do we have any outstanding borrowings under either commercial paper support program as of the date of this filing.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and our discussion of significant risks to the company’s business under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of the 2019 Form 10-K as supplemented by Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report.

OVERVIEW

We reported first-quarter 2020 revenues of $695 million, a decrease of $41 million, or 6 percent, compared with the first quarter of 2019. First-quarter 2020 profit was $90 million, an $8 million, or 8 percent, decrease from the first quarter of 2019.

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to a $29 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets and a $5 million unfavorable impact due to the February 2019 termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar.

First-quarter 2020 profit before income taxes was $127 million, a $15 million, or 11 percent, decrease from the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $12 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets, an $8 million increase in provision for credit losses and the $5 million unfavorable impact mentioned above from the termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by a $16 million decrease in general, operating and administrative expenses primarily due to lower short-term incentive compensation expense.

The provision for income taxes reflected an estimated annual tax rate of 26 percent in the first quarter of 2020, compared with 27 percent in the first quarter of 2019.

During the first quarter of 2020, retail new business volume was $2.31 billion, a decrease of $40 million, or 2 percent, from the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was driven by lower volume across all segments with the exception of an increase in North America.

At the end of the first quarter of 2020, past dues were 4.13 percent, compared with 3.61 percent at the end of the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to North America, Asia/Pacific and Mining, partially offset by a decrease in Caterpillar Power Finance. Write-offs, net of recoveries, were $30 million for the first quarter of both 2020 and 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses totaled $457 million, or 1.69 percent of finance receivables, compared with $424 million, or 1.50 percent of finance receivables at December 31, 2019. The increase in allowance for credit losses was primarily driven by the forecast of deteriorating economic conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Response to COVID-19 and Global Business Conditions:

Operational Impacts

We remain dedicated to the safety, health and well-being of our employees. Employees who can work from home are doing so. In offices that remain open, we have implemented safeguards in our facilities to protect team members, including increased frequency of cleaning and disinfecting facilities, social distancing practices and other measures consistent with specific regulatory requirements and guidance from health authorities.

In order to manage costs, we took actions to reduce discretionary expenses and suspended 2020 salary increases and short-term incentives for many employees and all senior executives.

We are monitoring the situation closely and continue to focus on portfolio health. We are responding to government requirements globally to adjust the repayment terms for customers and are providing payment relief through Customer Care Programs launched globally, including account modifications to accommodate customer needs. We continue to support qualified customers and dealers with new loans and leases to support their current and future business needs. 

Our financial results for the remainder of 2020 will be impacted by continued global economic uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect the impacts of the pandemic on our results to be more significant in the second quarter than in the first quarter and to continue until global economic conditions improve.

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FIRST QUARTER 2020 COMPARED WITH FIRST QUARTER 2019

Consolidated Total Revenues

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Total Revenues between first quarter 2019 (at left) and first quarter 2020 (at right). Items favorably impacting total revenues appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting total revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.} 

Retail revenue for the first quarter of 2020 was $329 million, a decrease of $6 million from the same period in 2019. The decrease was due to a $4 millionunfavorable impact from lower average earning assets and a $2 millionunfavorable impact from lower interest rates on retail finance receivables. For the quarter ended March 31, 2020, retail average earning assets were $22.67 billion, a decrease of $257 million from the same period in 2019. The annualized average yield was 5.80 percent for the first quarter of 2020, compared with 5.85 percent for the first quarter of 2019.

Operating lease revenue for the first quarter of 2020 was $257 million, a decrease of $1 million from the same period in 2019. The decrease was due to a $2 millionunfavorable impact from lower average earning assets, partially offset by a $1 millionfavorable impact from higher average rental rates on operating leases.

Wholesale revenue for the first quarter of 2020 was $99 million, a decrease of $20 million from the same period in 2019. The decrease was due to a $14 millionunfavorable impact from lower average earning assets and a $6 millionunfavorable impact from lower interest rates on wholesale finance receivables. For the quarter ended March 31, 2020, wholesale average earning assets were $4.82 billion, a decrease of $615 million from the same period in 2019. The annualized average yield was 8.22 percent for the first quarter of 2020, compared with 8.72 percent for the first quarter of 2019.

Other revenue, net items were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			Change
Finance receivable and operating lease fees (including late charges)	$	13		$	15		$	(2	)
Fees on committed credit facility extended to Caterpillar	—			5			(5		)
Interest income on Notes receivable from Caterpillar	3			7			(4		)
Net loss on returned or repossessed equipment	(9		)	(8		)	(1		)
Miscellaneous other revenue, net	3			5			(2		)
Total Other revenue, net	$	10		$	24		$	(14	)

There was a $5 million unfavorable impact from currency on revenues in the first quarter of 2020. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

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Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes

_{(1) Analysis excludes $5 million in offsetting revenues and expenses for property taxes on operating leases for both the first quarter of 2020 and 2019.} 

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes between first quarter 2019 (at left) and first quarter 2020 (at right). Items favorably impacting profit before income taxes appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting profit before income taxes appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.} 

First-quarter 2020 profit before income taxes was $127 million, compared with $142 million for the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $12 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets, an $8 million increase in provision for credit losses and a $5 million unfavorable impact due to the February 2019 termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by a $16 million decrease in general, operating and administrative expenses primarily due to lower short-term incentive compensation expense.

There was a $3 million unfavorable impact from currency on profit before income taxes in the first quarter of 2020. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes reflected an estimated annual tax rate of 26 percent in the first quarter of 2020, compared with 27 percent in the first quarter of 2019.

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Finance Receivables and Equipment on Operating Leases

New Business Volume

(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
New retail financing	$	2,060	$	2,095	$	(35	)
New operating lease activity	252		257		(5		)
New wholesale financing	8,833		11,457		(2,624		)
Total	$	11,145	$	13,809	$	(2,664	)

New retail financing decreased due to lower volume across all segments with the exception of an increase in North America. New wholesale financing decreased primarily due to lower purchases of trade receivables from Caterpillar.

Total Managed Portfolio

We define total portfolio as Finance receivables, net plus Equipment on operating leases, net. We also manage and service receivables and leases that have been sold by us to third parties with limited or no recourse in order to mitigate our concentration of credit risk with certain customers.  These assets are not available to pay our creditors. Total managed portfolio was as follows: 

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Change
Finance receivables, net	$	26,570	$	27,832	$	(1,262	)
Equipment on operating leases, net	3,396		3,583		(187		)
Total portfolio	$	29,966	$	31,415	$	(1,449	)
Retail loans, net	$	199	$	186	$	13
Retail leases, net	75		81		(6		)
Operating leases	25		26		(1		)
Total off-balance sheet managed assets	$	299	$	293	$	6
Total managed portfolio	$	30,265	$	31,708	$	(1,443	)

Total Portfolio Metrics

At the end of the first quarter of 2020, past dues were 4.13 percent, compared with 3.61 percent at the end of the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to North America, Asia/Pacific and Mining, partially offset by a decrease in Caterpillar Power Finance. Total non-performing finance receivables, which represent finance receivables currently on non-accrual status, were $782 million and $805 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Total non-performing finance receivables as a percentage of our finance receivables were 2.89 percent and 2.85 percent at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Our allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2020 was $457 million or 1.69 percent of finance receivables compared with $424 million or 1.50 percent as of December 31, 2019. The increase in allowance for credit losses was primarily driven by the forecast of deteriorating economic conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic. The allowance is subject to an ongoing evaluation based on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including past loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of underlying collateral and economic forecasts. We believe our allowance is sufficient to provide for losses over the remaining life of our finance receivable portfolio as of March 31, 2020.

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CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Capital resources and liquidity provide us with the ability to meet our financial obligations on a timely basis.  Maintaining and managing adequate capital and liquidity resources includes management of funding sources and their utilization based on current, future and contingent needs. Throughout the first quarter of 2020, we experienced favorable liquidity conditions. We ended the first quarter of 2020 with $670 million of cash, a decrease of $20 million from year-end 2019. Our cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world with approximately $194 million held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Amounts held by non-U.S. subsidiaries are available for general corporate use and could be used in the U.S. without incurring significant additional U.S. taxes. We expect to meet our U.S. funding needs without repatriating undistributed profits that are indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.

BORROWINGS

Borrowings consist primarily of medium-term notes and commercial paper, the combination of which is used to manage interest rate risk and funding requirements.

We receive debt ratings from the major credit rating agencies. Moody’s long- and short-term ratings of our debt are A3 and Prime-2, while Fitch and S&P maintain a "mid-A" debt rating. This split rating has not had a material impact on our borrowing costs or our overall financial health. However, a downgrade of our credit ratings by any of the major credit rating agencies would result in increased borrowing costs and could make access to certain credit markets more difficult. In the event economic conditions deteriorate such that access to debt markets becomes unavailable, we would rely on cash flows from our existing portfolio, existing cash balances, access to our committed credit facilities and other credit line facilities, commercial paper support facilities sponsored by the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Bank of Canada, and potential borrowings from Caterpillar. In addition, Caterpillar maintains a support agreement with us, which requires Caterpillar to remain our sole owner and may, under certain circumstances, require Caterpillar to make payments to us should we fail to maintain certain financial ratios.

Total borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2020 were $27.97 billion, a decrease of $1.14 billion over December 31, 2019 due to lower portfolio funding requirements. Outstanding borrowings were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Medium-term notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	$	22,670	$	22,692
Commercial paper, net of unamortized discount	4,060		4,168
Bank borrowings – long-term	493		642
Bank borrowings – short-term	361		605
Variable denomination floating rate demand notes	368		388
Notes payable to Caterpillar	22		618
Total outstanding borrowings	$	27,974	$	29,113

Medium-term notes

We issue medium-term unsecured notes through securities dealers or underwriters in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and China to both retail and institutional investors. These notes are offered in several currencies and with a variety of maturities. These notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Medium-term notes issued totaled $2.00 billion and redeemed totaled $2.02 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Medium-term notes outstanding as of March 31, 2020, mature as follows: 

(Millions of dollars)
2020	$	5,426
2021	7,501
2022	4,548
2023	2,153
2024	2,649
Thereafter	393
Total	$	22,670

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Commercial paper

We issue unsecured commercial paper in the U.S., Europe and other international capital markets.  These short-term promissory notes are issued on a discounted basis and are payable at maturity. As of March 31, 2020, there was $4.06 billion outstanding in commercial paper.

Revolving credit facilities

As of March 31, 2020, we had three global credit facilities with a syndicate of banks totaling $10.50 billion (Credit Facility) available in the aggregate to both Caterpillar and us for general liquidity purposes.  Based on management's allocation decision, which can be revised from time to time, the portion of the Credit Facility available to us as of March 31, 2020 was $7.75 billion. Information on our Credit Facility is as follows:

• The 364-day facility of $3.15 billion (of which $2.33 billion is available to us) expires in September 2020.

• The three-year facility, as amended and restated in September 2019, of $2.73 billion (of which $2.01 billion is available to us) expires in September 2022.

• The five-year facility, as amended and restated in September 2019, of $4.62 billion (of which $3.41 billion is available to us) expires in September 2024. 

At March 31, 2020, Caterpillar’s consolidated net worth was $14.25 billion, which was above the $9.00 billion required under the Credit Facility.  The consolidated net worth is defined in the Credit Facility as the consolidated shareholders' equity including preferred stock but excluding the pension and other postretirement benefits balance within Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

At March 31, 2020, our covenant interest coverage ratio was 1.78 to 1. This is above the 1.15 to 1 minimum ratio, calculated as (1) profit excluding income taxes, interest expense and net gain/(loss) from interest rate derivatives to (2) interest expense, calculated at the end of each calendar quarter for the rolling four quarter period then most recently ended, required by the Credit Facility.

In addition, at March 31, 2020, our six-month covenant leverage ratio was 7.29 to 1.  This is below the maximum ratio of debt to net worth of 10 to 1, calculated (1) on a monthly basis as the average of the leverage ratios determined on the last day of each of the six preceding calendar months and (2) at each December 31, required by the Credit Facility.

In the event that either Caterpillar or we do not meet one or more of our respective financial covenants under the Credit Facility in the future (and are unable to obtain a consent or waiver), the syndicate of banks may terminate the commitments allocated to the party that does not meet its covenants.  Additionally, in such event, certain of our other lenders under other loan agreements where similar financial covenants or cross default provisions are applicable, may, at their election, choose to pursue remedies under those loan agreements, including accelerating the repayment of outstanding borrowings. At March 31, 2020, there were no borrowings under the Credit Facility.

Bank borrowings

Available credit lines with banks as of March 31, 2020 totaled $4.17 billion.  These committed and uncommitted credit lines, which may be eligible for renewal at various future dates or have no specified expiration date, are used primarily by our non-U.S. subsidiaries for local funding requirements. As of March 31, 2020, we had $854 million outstanding against these credit lines and were in compliance with all debt covenants under these credit lines. The remaining available credit commitments may be withdrawn any time at the lenders' discretion.

Variable denomination floating rate demand notes

We obtain funding from the sale of variable denomination floating rate demand notes, which may be redeemed at any time at the option of the holder without any material restriction.  We do not hold reserves to fund the payment of the demand notes.  The notes are offered on a continuous basis. As of March 31, 2020, there was $368 million of variable denomination floating rate demand notes outstanding. The maximum amount of variable denomination floating rate demand notes that we may have outstanding at any time may not exceed $1.25 billion.

Notes receivable from/payable to Caterpillar

Under our variable amount and term lending agreements and other notes receivable with Caterpillar, we may borrow up to $3.59 billion from Caterpillar and Caterpillar may borrow up to $2.05 billion from us.  The variable amount lending agreements are in effect for indefinite periods of time and may be changed or terminated by either party with 30 days notice.  The term lending agreements have remaining maturities ranging up to nine years. We had notes payable of $22 million and notes receivable of $290 million outstanding under these agreements as of March 31, 2020.

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Impact from COVID-19 on liquidity

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 global pandemic, we have taken actions to maintain our strong financial position and increase liquidity. In April 2020, we registered for $4.1 billion in commercial paper support programs now available in the United States and Canada. In addition, we also benefit from the incremental $3.9 billion short-term credit facility that was secured by Caterpillar which expires on December 31, 2020. We have not made any drawings under this new credit facility or our existing global credit facilities as of the date of this filing nor do we have any outstanding borrowings under either commercial paper support program as of the date of this filing.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We have potential payment exposure for guarantees issued to third parties totaling $50 million as of March 31, 2020.

CASH FLOWS

Operating cash flow was $401 million in the first three months of 2020, compared with $299 million for the same period in 2019. Net cash provided by investing activities was $565 million for the first three months of 2020, compared with $81 million for the same period in 2019. The change was primarily due to the impact of Caterpillar purchased receivables and higher collections of finance receivables, partially offset by higher additions to finance receivables. Net cash used for financing activities was $965 million for the first three months of 2020, compared with $489 million for the same period in 2019. The change was primarily due to lower portfolio funding requirements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Part I, Item 1. Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies, see Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Critical accounting policies that have been revised since our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K are as follows:

Allowance for credit losses

The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivable portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and Company-specific macro-economic factors, are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it is determined that similar risk characteristics do not exist. Finance receivables are identified for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable.  In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees.

While management believes it has exercised prudent judgment and applied reasonable assumptions, there can be no assurance that in the future, changes in economic conditions or other factors would not cause changes in the financial health of our customers. If the financial health of our customers deteriorates, the timing and level of payments received could be impacted and therefore, could result in a change to our estimated losses.

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UNAUDITED

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q relate to future events and expectations and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our outlook, projections, forecasts, trend descriptions or any statement concerning our future response to or the expected effects on our business of the recent global coronavirus pandemic. These statements do not guarantee future performance and speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.

Cat Financial’s actual results may differ materially from those described or implied in our forward-looking statements based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) government monetary or fiscal policies; (ii) political and economic risks, commercial instability and events beyond our control in the countries in which we operate; (iii) demand for Caterpillar products; (iv) our ability to develop, produce and market quality products that meet our customers’ needs; (v) information technology security threats and computer crime; (vi) disruptions or volatility in global financial markets limiting our sources of liquidity or the liquidity of our customers, dealers and suppliers; (vii) failure to maintain our credit ratings and potential resulting increases to our cost of borrowing and adverse effects on our cost of funds, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets; (viii) changes in interest rates, currency fluctuations or market liquidity conditions; (ix) an increase in delinquencies, repossessions or net losses of our customers; (x) our compliance with financial and other restrictive covenants in debt agreements; (xi) alleged or actual violations of trade or anti-corruption laws and regulations; (xii) additional tax expense or exposure; (xiii) new regulations or changes in financial services regulations; (xiv) residual values of leased equipment; (xv) marketing, operational or administrative support received from Caterpillar; (xvi) changes in accounting guidance; (xvii) the recent global coronavirus pandemic, which has led to periods of significant volatility in financial and other markets; and (xviii) other factors described in more detail in Cat Financial’s Forms 10-Q, 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

35

UNAUDITED

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and our Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2020 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of our unresolved legal actions, we believe that these unresolved legal actions will neither individually nor in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

This section supplements and updates certain of the information found under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020 (the 2019 Form 10-K) and the information disclosed in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020 relating to COVID-19 (the COVID-19 8-K) based on information currently known to us and recent developments since the date of the 2019 Form 10-K filing and the COVID-19 8-K filing. The matters discussed below should be read in conjunction with the risk factors set forth in the 2019 Form 10-K and the information disclosed in COVID-19 8-K. However, the risks and uncertainties that we face are not limited to those described below and those set forth in the 2019 Form 10-K and the COVID-19 8-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

The recent global coronavirus pandemic could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or liquidity.

COVID-19 was identified in China in late 2019 and has spread globally. The rapid spread has resulted in weaker demand and supply constraints and the implementation of numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders and shutdowns. These factors have impacted and may continue to impact all or portions of Caterpillar’s workforce and operations, particularly as Caterpillar has temporarily closed certain of its facilities and may continue to temporarily close facilities as the situation warrants.

Future restrictions on Caterpillar’s access to its manufacturing facilities or on its support operations or workforce, any future closure of additional manufacturing facilities due to weaker demand or supply constraints, or similar limitations for its suppliers, disruptions to its supply chain or restrictions or disruptions of transportation, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or liquidity and the financial health and credit risk associated with our customers. The overall magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the extent of its impact on our business, results of operations or liquidity cannot be reasonably estimated due to the rapid development and fluidity of the situation. Recent actions by US federal, state and foreign governments to address the pandemic may also have a significant adverse effect on the markets in which we conduct our business. 

In recent weeks, the COVID-19 pandemic has also caused, and is likely to continue to cause economic, market and other disruptions worldwide. Such volatility in the global capital markets could increase our cost of capital and could adversely impact our access to capital.

Additional risks in Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K that may be impacted by these developments include “Risk Factors-Financial Risks,” “Risk Factors-Macroeconomic Risks” and “Risk Factors-Operational Risks-The success of our business depends upon the demand for Caterpillar’s products.”

36

UNAUDITED

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
31.1	Certification of President, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32	Certification of President, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

37

UNAUDITED

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation
Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/David T. Walton
		David T. Walton, President, Director and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/Patrick T. McCartan
		Patrick T. McCartan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/Michael G. Sposato
		Michael G. Sposato, Secretary

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/Jeffry D. Everett
		Jeffry D. Everett, Controller

38

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATIONS

I, David T. Walton, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/David T. Walton
		David T. Walton, President, Director and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATIONS

I, Patrick T. McCartan, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/Patrick T. McCartan
		Patrick T. McCartan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of our knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/David T. Walton
		David T. Walton
		President, Director and Chief Executive Officer
Date:	May 6, 2020	/s/Patrick T. McCartan
		Patrick T. McCartan
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair values of financial instruments

Fair values of our financial instruments were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Fair Value Levels	Reference
Cash and cash equivalents	$	670		$	670		$	690		$	690		1
Restricted cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	4		$	4		$	5		$	5		1
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases(2))	$	19,231		$	19,271		$	20,022		$	20,133		3	Note 3
Interest rate contracts:
In a receivable position	$	61		$	61		$	5		$	5		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(31	)	$	(31	)	$	(25	)	$	(25	)	2	Note 4
Cross currency contracts:
In a receivable position	$	165		$	165		$	72		$	72		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	(4	)	$	(4	)	2	Note 4
Foreign exchange contracts:
In a receivable position	$	75		$	75		$	7		$	7		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(28	)	$	(28	)	$	(21	)	$	(21	)	2	Note 4
Short-term borrowings	$	(4,789	)	$	(4,789	)	$	(5,161	)	$	(5,161	)	1
Long-term debt	$	(23,163	)	$	(23,226	)	$	(23,334	)	$	(23,655	)	2

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

⁽²⁾ Represents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of $7.34 billion and $7.81 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

XML

Finance Receivables (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Retail loans, net(1)	$	15,061		$	15,424
Retail leases, net	7,207			7,660
Caterpillar purchased receivables, net	4,055			4,448
Wholesale loans, net(1)	655			664
Wholesale leases, net	49			60
Total finance receivables	27,027			28,256
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(457		)	(424		)
Total finance receivables, net	$	26,570		$	27,832

⁽¹⁾ Includes failed sale leasebacks.

Allowance for credit losses and total finance receivables

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	12			—		—		12
Receivables written off	(37		)	—		—		(37		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	7			—		—		7
Provision for credit losses	60			—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(9		)	—		—		(9		)
Balance at end of period	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Individually evaluated	$	176		$	39	$	—	$	215
Collectively evaluated	232			6		4		242
Ending Balance	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	570		$	78	$	—	$	648
Collectively evaluated	18,111			4,213		4,055		26,379
Ending Balance	$	18,681		$	4,291	$	4,055	$	27,027

⁽¹⁾ See Note 2 regarding new accounting guidance related to credit losses.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511
Receivables written off	(281		)	—		—		(281		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	44			—		—		44
Provision for credit losses	138			24		—		162
Adjustment due to sale of receivables	(11		)	—		—		(11		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1		)	—		—		(1		)
Balance at end of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Individually evaluated	$	178		$	39	$	—	$	217
Collectively evaluated	197			6		4		207
Ending Balance	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	594		$	78	$	—	$	672
Collectively evaluated	18,770			4,366		4,448		27,584
Ending Balance	$	19,364		$	4,444	$	4,448	$	28,256

Amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year.

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Finance Receivables		Total Finance Receivables
North America
Current	$	934	$	3,277	$	2,015	$	952	$	455	$	155	$	157	$	7,945
31-60 days past due	6		55		52		29		21		5		—		168
61-90 days past due	—		11		11		10		3		1		—		36
91+ days past due	—		14		21		15		10		6		—		66
EAME
Current	249		1,164		773		358		133		44		—		2,721
31-60 days past due	2		11		5		4		2		—		—		24
61-90 days past due	—		7		3		2		1		1		—		14
91+ days past due	—		8		22		23		53		61		—		167
Asia/Pacific
Current	259		1,249		688		240		61		30		32		2,559
31-60 days past due	2		26		25		9		—		1		—		63
61-90 days past due	—		14		14		5		1		—		—		34
91+ days past due	—		15		17		8		1		—		—		41
Mining
Current	85		711		413		267		139		217		199		2,031
31-60 days past due	—		—		1		—		—		1		—		2
61-90 days past due	—		3		12		6		—		—		—		21
91+ days past due	—		12		12		23		—		—		1		48
Latin America
Current	175		483		253		88		23		49		—		1,071
31-60 days past due	—		15		10		8		4		2		—		39
61-90 days past due	—		5		7		5		2		—		—		19
91+ days past due	—		11		29		24		9		7		—		80
Caterpillar Power Finance
Current	3		301		221		287		158		158		160		1,288
31-60 days past due	—		—		11		—		4		11		—		26
61-90 days past due	—		—		—		1		—		—		—		1
91+ days past due	—		—		20		11		37		149		—		217
Total	$	1,715	$	7,392	$	4,635	$	2,375	$	1,117	$	898	$	549	$	18,681

Aging related to finance receivables

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment.

(Millions of dollars)
	March 31, 2020
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
North America	$	16	$	9	$	18	$	43	$	2,290	$	2,333
EAME	1		—		1		2		587		589
Asia/Pacific	2		1		1		4		686		690
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		425		425
Caterpillar Power Finance	2		2		1		5		13		18
Total	$	21	$	12	$	21	$	54	$	4,001	$	4,055

The table below summarizes our recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category.

(Millions of dollars)
	December 31, 2019
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
Customer
North America	$	72	$	23	$	55	$	150	$	8,085	$	8,235
EAME	30		31		141		202		2,882		3,084
Asia/Pacific	40		14		29		83		2,733		2,816
Mining	5		—		19		24		2,266		2,290
Latin America	41		23		80		144		1,131		1,275
Caterpillar Power Finance	10		10		225		245		1,419		1,664
Dealer
North America	—		—		—		—		2,514		2,514
EAME	—		—		—		—		600		600
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		487		487
Mining	—		—		—		—		4		4
Latin America	—		—		78		78		758		836
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		3		3
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
North America	15		6		18		39		2,450		2,489
EAME	1		—		2		3		574		577
Asia/Pacific	1		—		—		1		891		892
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		475		475
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		15		15
Total	$	215	$	107	$	647	$	969	$	27,287	$	28,256

Impaired finance receivables

In our Customer portfolio segment, impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)
	As of December 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
North America	$	6	$	6	$	—
EAME	—		—		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—
Mining	22		22		—
Latin America	8		8		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	58		58		—
Total	$	94	$	94	$	—
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	30	$	30	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	37		36		9
Latin America	58		58		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	306		319		107
Total	$	500	$	512	$	178
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	36	$	36	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	59		58		9
Latin America	66		66		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	364		377		107
Total	$	594	$	606	$	178

(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
North America	$	10	$	—
EAME	1		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—
Mining	31		—
Latin America	24		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	60		1
Total	$	126	$	1
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	40	$	1
EAME	94		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	43		1
Latin America	77		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	451		3
Total	$	712	$	7
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	50	$	1
EAME	95		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	74		1
Latin America	101		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	511		4
Total	$	838	$	8

Finance receivables on non-accrual status

In our Customer portfolio segment, finance receivables which were on non-accrual status and finance receivables over 90 days past due and still accruing income were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost
	Non-accrual With an Allowance		Non-accrual Without an Allowance		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	50	$	—	$	20
EAME	168		1		5
Asia/Pacific	29		—		12
Mining	40		—		9
Latin America	87		—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	329		—		7
Total	$	703	$	1	$	53

There was less than $1 million of interest income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 for customer finance receivables on non-accrual status.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
	Recorded Investment
	Non-accrual Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	44	$	15
EAME	165		4
Asia/Pacific	21		8
Mining	47		—
Latin America	89		2
Caterpillar Power Finance	361		—
Total	$	727	$	29

Finance receivables modified as TDRs

Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Amortized Cost		Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	—	$	—	$	—	17	$	7	$	7
Latin America	5	2		2		—	—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	—	—		—		8	51		50
Total	5	$	2	$	2	25	$	58	$	57

TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date, were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	2	$	10	—	$	—
Latin America	3	1		—	—
Total	5	$	11	—	$	—

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Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	$ 695	$ 736
Profit before income taxes	127	142
Interest Expense	175	201
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	201	202
Provision for credit losses	61	53
Assets	32,332		$ 33,693
Capital expenditures	247	246
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	692	725
Profit before income taxes	142	181
Interest Expense	182	192
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	201	202
Provision for credit losses	61	53
Assets	30,736		32,402
Capital expenditures	246	243
Unallocated
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	9	19
Profit before income taxes	(70)	(83)
Interest Expense	56	64
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	0
Assets	1,933		1,896
Capital expenditures	1	3
Segment Reconciling Items | Timing
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	(6)	(8)
Profit before income taxes	(1)	(5)
Interest Expense	0	0
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	0
Assets	13		16
Capital expenditures	0	0
Segment Reconciling Items | Methodology
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	0	0
Profit before income taxes	56	49
Interest Expense	(63)	(55)
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	0
Assets	(74)		(216)
Capital expenditures	0	0
Inter-segment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	0	0
Profit before income taxes	0	0
Interest Expense	0	0
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	0
Assets	(276)		(405)
Capital expenditures	0	0
North America | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	382	400
Profit before income taxes	75	116
Interest Expense	94	97
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	144	143
Provision for credit losses	22	7
Assets	15,146		15,496
Capital expenditures	220	178
EAME | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	70	70
Profit before income taxes	16	23
Interest Expense	13	13
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	16	17
Provision for credit losses	7	(1)
Assets	4,624		4,918
Capital expenditures	4	23
Asia/Pacific | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	86	88
Profit before income taxes	36	39
Interest Expense	27	29
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	2	3
Provision for credit losses	7	3
Assets	4,163		4,540
Capital expenditures	3	6
Latin America | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	53	58
Profit before income taxes	6	3
Interest Expense	23	22
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	3	5
Provision for credit losses	7	15
Assets	2,590		2,809
Capital expenditures	3	2
Caterpillar Power Finance | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	20	29
Profit before income taxes	1	(16)
Interest Expense	8	13
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	0	0
Provision for credit losses	5	26
Assets	1,509		1,673
Capital expenditures	0	0
Mining | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
External Revenues	81	80
Profit before income taxes	8	16
Interest Expense	17	18
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	36	34
Provision for credit losses	13	3
Assets	2,704		$ 2,966
Capital expenditures	$ 16	$ 34

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 4	$ 5
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Short-term borrowings	(4,789)	(5,161)
Fair Value, Level 1
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Cash and cash equivalents	670	690
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	4	5
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Short-term borrowings	(4,789)	(5,161)
Fair Value, Level 2
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Interest rate contracts, in a receivable position	61	5
Foreign exchange contracts, in a receivable position	75	7
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Interest rate contracts, in a payable position	(31)	(25)
Foreign exchange contracts, in a payable position	(28)	(21)
Long-term debt	(23,226)	(23,655)
Fair Value, Level 3
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases)	19,271	20,133
Carrying Amount
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Cash and cash equivalents	670	690
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	4	5
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases)	19,231	20,022
Interest rate contracts, in a receivable position	61	5
Foreign exchange contracts, in a receivable position	75	7
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Interest rate contracts, in a payable position	(31)	(25)
Foreign exchange contracts, in a payable position	(28)	(21)
Short-term borrowings	(4,789)	(5,161)
Long-term debt	(23,163)	(23,334)
Carrying amount of assets excluded from measurement at fair value
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Finance leases and failed sale leasebacks, Carrying Value	7,340	7,810
Cross currency contracts | Fair Value, Level 2
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Foreign exchange contracts, in a receivable position	165	72
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Foreign exchange contracts, in a payable position	(1)	(4)
Cross currency contracts | Carrying Amount
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings
Foreign exchange contracts, in a receivable position	165	72
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings
Foreign exchange contracts, in a payable position	$ (1)	$ (4)

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes reflected an estimated annual tax rate of 26 percent in the first quarter of 2020, compared with 27 percent in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease in the estimated annual tax rate was primarily due to changes in the geographic mix of profits.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) and its components are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity, consisted of the following:

(Millions of dollars)	Foreign currency translation			Derivative financial instruments			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(889	)	$	(36	)	$	(925	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	13			(3		)	10
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(11		)	(11		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	98			(1		)	97
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	111			(15		)	96
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(778	)	$	(51	)	$	(829	)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(777	)	$	(68	)	$	(845	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(306		)	67			(239		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(61		)	(61		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(306		)	6			(300		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	(1,083	)	$	(62	)	$	(1,145	)

⁽¹⁾ Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative financial instruments	Classification of income (expense)	2020			2019
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	$	71		$	6
Cross currency contracts	Interest expense	11			7
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense	(5		)	1
Reclassifications before tax		77			14
Tax (provision) benefit		(16		)	(3		)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)		$	61		$	11

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated profit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (b) the consolidated comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (c) the consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (d) the consolidated changes in shareholder's equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and (e) the consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts.  Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2019 Form 10-K). The December 31, 2019 financial position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period financial statement presentation.

We consolidate all variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. Please refer to Note 7 for more information.

We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support to these entities and therefore have a variable interest, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk of the financial support that we have provided. Credit risk is evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses.

B. Accounting Policy Updates

For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Significant accounting policies that have been revised since our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K are shown below. These accounting policy changes were effective January 1, 2020 with the adoption of the new credit loss accounting guidance discussed in Note 2. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivable portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and Company-specific macro-economic factors, are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it is determined that similar risk characteristics do not exist. Finance receivables are identified for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable.  In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 3 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies.

Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). The amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received.

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Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 457	$ 424
Shareholder's Equity:
Common stock - par value	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock - authorized	2,000	2,000
Common stock - issued	1	1
Common stock - outstanding	1	1

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Finance Receivables (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Period after which collection of future income is considered as not probable	120 days
Customer
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			$ 94
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			94
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			500
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			512
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			178
Recorded Investment, Total			594
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			606
Related Allowance, Total			178
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		$ 126
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		712
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		7
Average Recorded Investment, Total		838
Interest Income Recognized, Total		8
Customer | North America
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			6
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			6
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			30
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			30
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			11
Recorded Investment, Total			36
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			36
Related Allowance, Total			11
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		10
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		40
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment, Total		50
Interest Income Recognized, Total		1
Customer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			0
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			61
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			61
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			29
Recorded Investment, Total			61
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			61
Related Allowance, Total			29
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		1
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		94
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment, Total		95
Interest Income Recognized, Total		1
Customer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			0
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			8
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			8
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			2
Recorded Investment, Total			8
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			8
Related Allowance, Total			2
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		0
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		7
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment, Total		7
Interest Income Recognized, Total		0
Customer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			22
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			22
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			37
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			36
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			9
Recorded Investment, Total			59
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			58
Related Allowance, Total			9
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		31
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		43
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment, Total		74
Interest Income Recognized, Total		1
Customer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			8
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			8
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			58
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			58
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			20
Recorded Investment, Total			66
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			66
Related Allowance, Total			20
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		24
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		77
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment, Total		101
Interest Income Recognized, Total		1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded			58
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded			58
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded			0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded			306
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded			319
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			107
Recorded Investment, Total			364
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total			377
Related Allowance, Total			107
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded		60
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded		1
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded		451
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded		3
Average Recorded Investment, Total		511
Interest Income Recognized, Total		$ 4
Dealer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded			39
Recorded Investment, Total			78
Related Allowance, Total			39
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
Financing Receivable, Impaired
Recorded Investment, Total			$ 0

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	$ 301	$ 84
Liability Fair Value	(60)	(50)
Designated derivatives
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset (Liability) Fair Value	181	44
Designated derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	61	5
Designated derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Accrued expenses
Derivatives, Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(31)	(25)
Designated derivatives | Cross currency contracts | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	152	67
Designated derivatives | Cross currency contracts | Accrued expenses
Derivatives, Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(1)	(3)
Undesignated derivatives
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset (Liability) Fair Value	60	(10)
Undesignated derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	75	7
Undesignated derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued expenses
Derivatives, Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(28)	(21)
Undesignated derivatives | Cross currency contracts | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	13	5
Undesignated derivatives | Cross currency contracts | Accrued expenses
Derivatives, Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	$ 0	$ (1)

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Consolidated Statements of Profit - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenues:
Retail finance		$ 329	$ 335
Operating lease		257	258
Wholesale finance		99	119
Other, net		10	24
Total revenues		695	736
Expenses:
Interest		175	201
Depreciation on equipment leased to others		201	202
General, operating and administrative		108	124
Provision for credit losses		61	53
Other		13	10
Total expenses		558	590
Other income (expense)		(10)	(4)
Profit before income taxes		127	142
Provision for income taxes		33	38
Profit of consolidated companies		94	104
Less: Profit attributable to noncontrolling interests		4	6
Profit	[1]	$ 90	$ 98

[1] Profit attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

A.     Basis for Segment Information

We report information internally for operating segments based on management responsibility. Our operating segments provide financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products, as well as financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. Financing plans include operating and finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and wholesale financing plans within each of the operating segments.

B.     Description of Segments

We have six operating segments that offer financing services. Following is a brief description of our segments:

• North America - Includes our operations in the United States and Canada.

• EAME - Includes our operations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.  

• Asia/Pacific - Includes our operations in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.  

• Latin America - Includes our operations in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

• Caterpillar Power Finance - Provides financing worldwide for marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and for Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems. 

• Mining - Provides financing for large mining customers worldwide.

To align with changes in executive management responsibilities and measurement of segment performance, our management reporting was updated effective January 1, 2020. Prior year data has been revised to conform to the 2020 presentation.

C.     Segment Measurement and Reconciliations

Cash, debt and other expenses are allocated to our segments based on their respective portfolios. The related Interest expense is calculated based on the amount of allocated debt and the rates associated with that debt. The performance of each segment is assessed based on a consistent leverage ratio. The Provision for credit losses is based on each segment's respective finance receivable portfolio. Capital expenditures include expenditures for equipment on operating leases and other miscellaneous capital expenditures.

Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. For the reconciliation of Profit before income taxes, we have grouped the reconciling items as follows:

• Unallocated - This item is related to corporate requirements and strategies that are considered to be for the benefit of the entire organization. Also included are the consolidated results of the special purpose corporation (see Note 7 for additional information) and other miscellaneous items.

• Timing - Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting.

• Methodology - Methodology differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting are as follows:

◦ Segment assets include off-balance sheet managed assets for which we maintain servicing responsibilities.

◦ The impact of differences between the actual leverage and the segment leverage ratios.

◦ Interest expense includes realized forward points on foreign currency forward contracts.

◦ The net gain or loss from interest rate derivatives is excluded from segment reporting.

Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the three months ended March 31 was as follows:

(Millions of dollars) 2020	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at March 31, 2020			Capital expenditures
North America	$	382		$	75		$	94		$	144	$	22		$	15,146		$	220
EAME	70			16			13			16		7			4,624			4
Asia/Pacific	86			36			27			2		7			4,163			3
Latin America	53			6			23			3		7			2,590			3
Caterpillar Power Finance	20			1			8			—		5			1,509			—
Mining	81			8			17			36		13			2,704			16
Total Segments	692			142			182			201		61			30,736			246
Unallocated	9			(70		)	56			—		—			1,933			1
Timing	(6		)	(1		)	—			—		—			13			—
Methodology	—			56			(63		)	—		—			(74		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(276		)	—
Total	$	695		$	127		$	175		$	201	$	61		$	32,332		$	247
2019	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2019			Capital expenditures
North America	$	400		$	116		$	97		$	143	$	7		$	15,496		$	178
EAME	70			23			13			17		(1		)	4,918			23
Asia/Pacific	88			39			29			3		3			4,540			6
Latin America	58			3			22			5		15			2,809			2
Caterpillar Power Finance	29			(16		)	13			—		26			1,673			—
Mining	80			16			18			34		3			2,966			34
Total Segments	725			181			192			202		53			32,402			243
Unallocated	19			(83		)	64			—		—			1,896			3
Timing	(8		)	(5		)	—			—		—			16			—
Methodology	—			49			(55		)	—		—			(216		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(405		)	—
Total	$	736		$	142		$	201		$	202	$	53		$	33,693		$	246

⁽¹⁾ Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

A. Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Credit losses (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13) – In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new accounting guidance to introduce a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The new guidance applies to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and other off-balance sheet credit exposures. The new guidance also applies to debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The new guidance was effective January 1, 2020 and was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

The most significant effects of adoption relate to the change in methodology for estimating our Allowance for credit losses from an incurred loss model to a current expected credit loss model. We elected to present accrued interest receivable related to our finance receivables in Finance receivables, net. In prior period comparative information, accrued interest receivable continues to be reported in Other assets. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

The cumulative effect of initially applying the new credit loss guidance to our consolidated financial statements on January 1, 2020 was as follows:

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars)	Balance as of December 31, 2019		Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Credit Loss Standard			Balance as of January 1, 2020
Assets:
Finance receivables, net	$	27,832	$	42		$	27,874
Other assets	$	1,292	$	(53	)	$	1,239
Liabilities:
Other liabilities	$	893	$	2		$	895
Shareholder's equity
Retained earnings	$	3,162	$	(13	)	$	3,149

See Note 3 for additional information.

We adopted the following ASUs effective January 1, 2020, none of which had a material impact on our financial statements:

ASU	Description
2018-13	Fair value measurement
2018-15	Internal-use software
2018-19	Codification improvements - Credit losses
2019-04	Codification improvements - Credit losses, Derivatives & hedging, and Financial instruments
2019-05	Financial instruments - Credit losses
2019-11	Codification improvements - Credit losses
2019-12	Simplifying accounting for income taxes
2020-02	Financial instruments - Credit losses
2020-03	Codification improvements - Financial instruments

B. Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. The ASUs were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Subsequent Event

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event

As the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to evolve, our financial results for the remainder of 2020 and perhaps beyond will be impacted by the continued global economic uncertainty. The magnitude of the pandemic, including the extent of any impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity, which could be material, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to the rapid development and fluidity of the situation. The ultimate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business will be determined by the duration of the pandemic, its geographic spread, business disruptions and the overall impact on the global economy.

We, as a result, have taken decisive actions to maintain our strong financial position and increase liquidity. In April 2020, we registered for $4.1 billion in commercial paper support programs now available in the United States and Canada. In addition, we also benefit from the incremental $3.9 billion short-term credit facility that was secured by Caterpillar. We have not made any drawings under this new credit facility or our existing global credit facilities as of the date of this filing nor do we have any outstanding borrowings under either commercial paper support program as of the date of this filing.

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Finance Receivables (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due	30 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		$ 969
Current		27,287
Total Finance Receivables	$ 27,027	28,256
31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		215
61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		107
91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		647
Customer
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Total Finance Receivables	18,681	19,364
Customer | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		150
Current		8,085
Total Finance Receivables		8,235
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		72
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		23
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		55
Customer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		202
Current		2,882
Total Finance Receivables		3,084
Customer | EAME | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		30
Customer | EAME | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		31
Customer | EAME | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		141
Customer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		83
Current		2,733
Total Finance Receivables		2,816
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		40
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		14
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		29
Customer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		24
Current		2,266
Total Finance Receivables		2,290
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		5
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		19
Customer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		144
Current		1,131
Total Finance Receivables		1,275
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		41
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		23
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		80
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		245
Current		1,419
Total Finance Receivables		1,664
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		10
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		10
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		225
Dealer
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Total Finance Receivables	4,291	4,444
Dealer | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Current		2,514
Total Finance Receivables		2,514
Dealer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Current		600
Total Finance Receivables		600
Dealer | EAME | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | EAME | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | EAME | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Current		487
Total Finance Receivables		487
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Current		4
Total Finance Receivables		4
Dealer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		78
Current		758
Total Finance Receivables		836
Dealer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		78
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Current		3
Total Finance Receivables		3
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due		0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	54
Current	4,001
Total Finance Receivables	4,055	4,448
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	21
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	12
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	21
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	43	39
Current	2,290	2,450
Total Finance Receivables	2,333	2,489
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	16	15
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	9	6
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	18	18
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	2	3
Current	587	574
Total Finance Receivables	589	577
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	1	1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	1	2
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	4	1
Current	686	891
Total Finance Receivables	690	892
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	2	1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	1	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	1	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Current	0	0
Total Finance Receivables	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Current	425	475
Total Finance Receivables	425	475
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	5	0
Current	13	15
Total Finance Receivables	18	15
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	2	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	2	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Past Due	$ 1	$ 0

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	Noncontrolling interests
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 2,849	$ 745	$ 2	$ 2,874	$ (925)	$ 153
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholder's Equity [Roll Forward]
Profit of consolidated companies	104			98		6
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	15				13	2
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax	(14)				(14)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance | Accounting Standards Update 2018-02	0			(97)	97
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	2,954	745	2	2,875	(829)	161
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	3,236	745	2	3,162	(845)	172
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholder's Equity [Roll Forward]
Profit of consolidated companies	94			90		4
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(307)				(306)	(1)
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax	6				6
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13	(13)			(13)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 3,016	$ 745	$ 2	$ 3,239	$ (1,145)	$ 175

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Profit of consolidated companies	$ 94	$ 104
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (expense)/benefit	(307)	15
Derivative financial instruments:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (expense)/benefit	67	(3)
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax expense/(benefit)	(61)	(11)
Total Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(301)	1
Comprehensive income (loss)	(207)	105
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests	3	8
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation	$ (210)	$ 97

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Derivative
Deferred net losses, interest rate risk, to be reclassified from equity to current earnings over the next twelve months	$ 16
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments, included in the carrying amount of Long-term debt	$ 64

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New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Finance receivables, net	$ 26,570	$ 27,874	$ 27,832
Other assets	1,406	1,239	1,292
Other liabilities	901	895	893
Retained earnings	$ 3,239	3,149	$ 3,162
Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Credit Loss Standard
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Finance receivables, net		42
Other assets		(53)
Other liabilities		2
Retained earnings		$ (13)

XML

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Designated derivatives
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	61		$	5
Interest rate contracts	Accrued expenses	(31		)	(25		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	152			67
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	(1		)	(3		)
		$	181		$	44
Undesignated derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets	$	75		$	7
Foreign exchange contracts	Accrued expenses	(28		)	(21		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	13			5
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	—			(1		)
		$	60		$	(10	)

Schedule of effect of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Profit

The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

Cash Flow Hedges
(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(15	)	Interest expense	$	(5	)	$	175
Cross currency contracts	101			Other income (expense)	71			(10		)
				Interest expense	11			175
	$	86			$	77
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(26	)	Interest expense	$	1		$	201
Cross currency contracts	22			Other income (expense)	6			(4		)
				Interest expense	7			201
	$	(4	)		$	14

Schedule of effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Classification	2020		2019
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense)	$	99	$	(29	)
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	9		—
		$	108	$	(29	)

Schedule of effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances

The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Derivative Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$	301		$	84
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Assets(1)	301			84
Gross Amounts Not Offset	(47		)	(21		)
Net Amount	$	254		$	63
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$	(60	)	$	(50	)
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Liabilities(1)	(60		)	(50		)
Gross Amounts Not Offset	47			21
Net Amount	$	(13	)	$	(29	)

⁽¹⁾ As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Other income (expense)		$ (10)	$ (4)
Interest		(175)	(201)
Reclassifications before tax		127	142
Tax (provision) benefit		(33)	(38)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	[1]	90	98
Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | Derivative financial instruments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Reclassifications before tax		77	14
Tax (provision) benefit		(16)	(3)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)		61	11
Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | Derivative financial instruments | Cross currency contracts
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Other income (expense)		71	6
Interest		11	7
Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | Derivative financial instruments | Interest rate contracts
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Interest		$ (5)	$ 1

[1] Profit attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation.

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Fair value of impaired loans	$ 324	$ 343

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Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 670	$ 690
Finance receivables, net of Allowance for credit losses	26,570	27,832
Notes receivable from Caterpillar	290	296
Equipment on operating leases, net	3,396	3,583
Other assets	1,406	1,292
Total assets	32,332	33,693
Liabilities and shareholder's equity:
Payable to dealers and others	118	135
Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings and other	112	693
Accrued expenses	233	241
Short-term borrowings	4,789	5,161
Current maturities of long-term debt	7,792	6,194
Long-term debt	15,371	17,140
Other liabilities	901	893
Total liabilities	29,316	30,457
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 7)
Common stock - $1 par value Authorized: 2,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: one share (at paid-in amount)	745	745
Additional paid-in capital	2	2
Retained earnings	3,239	3,162
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(1,145)	(845)
Noncontrolling interests	175	172
Total shareholder's equity	3,016	3,236
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity	$ 32,332	$ 33,693

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Finance Receivables (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at beginning of year	$ 424	$ 511
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance	12
Receivables written off	(37)	(281)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	7	44
Provision for credit losses	60	162
Adjustment due to sale of receivables		(11)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(9)	(1)
Balance at end of period	457	424
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated			$ 215	$ 217
Collectively evaluated			242	207
Allowance, Ending Balance	457	424	457	424
Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated			648	672
Collectively evaluated			26,379	27,584
Finance Receivables, Ending Balance			27,027	28,256
Customer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at beginning of year	375	486
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance	12
Receivables written off	(37)	(281)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	7	44
Provision for credit losses	60	138
Adjustment due to sale of receivables		(11)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(9)	(1)
Balance at end of period	408	375
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated			176	178
Collectively evaluated			232	197
Allowance, Ending Balance	408	375	408	375
Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated			570	594
Collectively evaluated			18,111	18,770
Finance Receivables, Ending Balance			18,681	19,364
Dealer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at beginning of year	45	21
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance	0
Receivables written off	0	0
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	24
Adjustment due to sale of receivables		0
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0
Balance at end of period	45	45
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated			39	39
Collectively evaluated			6	6
Allowance, Ending Balance	45	45	45	45
Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated			78	78
Collectively evaluated			4,213	4,366
Finance Receivables, Ending Balance			4,291	4,444
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at beginning of year	4	4
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance	0
Receivables written off	0	0
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	0	0
Provision for credit losses	0	0
Adjustment due to sale of receivables		0
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0
Balance at end of period	4	4
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated			0	0
Collectively evaluated			4	4
Allowance, Ending Balance	$ 4	$ 4	4	4
Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated			0	0
Collectively evaluated			4,055	4,448
Finance Receivables, Ending Balance			$ 4,055	$ 4,448

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Finance Receivables (Details 7) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Customer
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	$ 703
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	1
91 Plus, Still Accruing	53	$ 29
Interest income recognized for finance receivables on non-accrual status	1
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		727
Customer | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	50
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	0
91 Plus, Still Accruing	20	15
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		44
Customer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	168
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	1
91 Plus, Still Accruing	5	4
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		165
Customer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	29
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	0
91 Plus, Still Accruing	12	8
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		21
Customer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	40
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	0
91 Plus, Still Accruing	9	0
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		47
Customer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	87
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	0
91 Plus, Still Accruing	0	2
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		89
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	329
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance	0
91 Plus, Still Accruing	7	0
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		361
Dealer
Financing Receivable, Past Due
91 Plus, Still Accruing	0
Interest income recognized for finance receivables on non-accrual status	0
Dealer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Past Due
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance	$ 78
Recorded Investment, Non-accrual Finance Receivables		$ 78

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Document and Entity Information Document - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	May 06, 2020
Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	CATERPILLAR FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION
Entity Central Index Key	0000764764
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 4	$ 5

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 10,580	$ 8,930

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

A. Fair Value Measurements

The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.  This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques.  Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions.  In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:

• Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

• Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.

• Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.

When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2.  If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates.  These measurements are classified within Level 3.

Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation.  A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk.  Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or us) will not be fulfilled.  For financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price.  For certain other financial assets and liabilities (Level 2 and 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly.

Derivative financial instruments

The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on standard industry accepted models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows.  The fair value of foreign currency forward and cross currency contracts is based on standard industry accepted valuation models that discount cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

Derivative financial instruments are measured on a recurring basis at fair value and are classified as Level 2 measurements.   We had derivative financial instruments in a net asset position included in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of $241 million and $34 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Impaired loans

Our impaired loans are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are classified as Level 3 measurements. A loan is considered impaired when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable. In these cases, an allowance for credit losses may be established based either on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We had impaired loans carried at the fair value of $324 million and $343 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

B. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

In addition to the methods and assumptions we use to record the fair value of financial instruments as discussed in the Fair Value Measurements section above, we used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Finance receivables, net – fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities. 

Restricted cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Short-term borrowings – carrying amount approximated fair value. 

Long-term debt – fair value for fixed and floating-rate debt was estimated based on quoted market prices.

Fair values of our financial instruments were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Fair Value Levels	Reference
Cash and cash equivalents	$	670		$	670		$	690		$	690		1
Restricted cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	4		$	4		$	5		$	5		1
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases(2))	$	19,231		$	19,271		$	20,022		$	20,133		3	Note 3
Interest rate contracts:
In a receivable position	$	61		$	61		$	5		$	5		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(31	)	$	(31	)	$	(25	)	$	(25	)	2	Note 4
Cross currency contracts:
In a receivable position	$	165		$	165		$	72		$	72		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	(4	)	$	(4	)	2	Note 4
Foreign exchange contracts:
In a receivable position	$	75		$	75		$	7		$	7		2	Note 4
In a payable position	$	(28	)	$	(28	)	$	(21	)	$	(21	)	2	Note 4
Short-term borrowings	$	(4,789	)	$	(4,789	)	$	(5,161	)	$	(5,161	)	1
Long-term debt	$	(23,163	)	$	(23,226	)	$	(23,334	)	$	(23,655	)	2

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

⁽²⁾ Represents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of $7.34 billion and $7.81 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.  Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures.  Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes.  Derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts.  Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers.  Risk management practices, including the use of financial derivative instruments, are presented to our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee of the Caterpillar Inc. Board of Directors at least annually.

All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at their fair value.  On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the derivative instrument is (1) designated as a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), (2) designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows (cash flow hedge) or (3) undesignated.  Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged recognized asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current earnings.  Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (AOCI), to the extent effective, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.  Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments are reported in current earnings.  Cash flows from designated derivative financial instruments are classified within the same category as the item being hedged on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.  Cash flows from undesignated derivative financial instruments are included in the investing category on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.  This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow.

 We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flow of hedged items.  When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively in accordance with derecognition criteria for hedge accounting.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

We have balance sheet positions and expected future transactions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. In managing foreign currency risk, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies.  Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies.  Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt.  Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes.

We have a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate and duration) of our debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our finance receivable portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis.  In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the finance receivable portfolio.  This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move.

Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective.  We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

As of March 31, 2020, $16 million of deferred net losses, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position), related to our floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts, are expected to be reclassified to Interest expense over the next twelve months.  The actual amount recorded in Interest expense will vary based on interest rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings.

As of March 31, 2020, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments related to our fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts included in the carrying amount of Long-term debt was $64 million. Fair value gains and losses on these interest rate contracts and the related hedged items generally offset within interest expense. We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts that resulted in deferred gains at the time of liquidation. The deferred gains associated with these interest rate contracts are included in Long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are being amortized to Interest expense over the remaining term of the previously designated hedged item.

The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Designated derivatives
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	61		$	5
Interest rate contracts	Accrued expenses	(31		)	(25		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	152			67
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	(1		)	(3		)
		$	181		$	44
Undesignated derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets	$	75		$	7
Foreign exchange contracts	Accrued expenses	(28		)	(21		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	13			5
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	—			(1		)
		$	60		$	(10	)

The total notional amount of our derivative instruments was $10.58 billion and $8.93 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amounts exchanged by the parties are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

Cash Flow Hedges
(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(15	)	Interest expense	$	(5	)	$	175
Cross currency contracts	101			Other income (expense)	71			(10		)
				Interest expense	11			175
	$	86			$	77
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
				Recognized in Earnings
	Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	(26	)	Interest expense	$	1		$	201
Cross currency contracts	22			Other income (expense)	6			(4		)
				Interest expense	7			201
	$	(4	)		$	14

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Classification	2020		2019
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense)	$	99	$	(29	)
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	9		—
		$	108	$	(29	)

We enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits us or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements generally also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event.

Collateral is generally not required of the counterparties or us under the master netting agreements. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements.

The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Derivative Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$	301		$	84
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Assets(1)	301			84
Gross Amounts Not Offset	(47		)	(21		)
Net Amount	$	254		$	63
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$	(60	)	$	(50	)
Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Liabilities(1)	(60		)	(50		)
Gross Amounts Not Offset	47			21
Net Amount	$	(13	)	$	(29	)

⁽¹⁾ As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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Finance Receivables (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Finance lease revenue (included in retail and wholesale finance revenue)	$ 125	$ 118

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the three months ended March 31 was as follows:

(Millions of dollars) 2020	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at March 31, 2020			Capital expenditures
North America	$	382		$	75		$	94		$	144	$	22		$	15,146		$	220
EAME	70			16			13			16		7			4,624			4
Asia/Pacific	86			36			27			2		7			4,163			3
Latin America	53			6			23			3		7			2,590			3
Caterpillar Power Finance	20			1			8			—		5			1,509			—
Mining	81			8			17			36		13			2,704			16
Total Segments	692			142			182			201		61			30,736			246
Unallocated	9			(70		)	56			—		—			1,933			1
Timing	(6		)	(1		)	—			—		—			13			—
Methodology	—			56			(63		)	—		—			(74		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(276		)	—
Total	$	695		$	127		$	175		$	201	$	61		$	32,332		$	247
2019	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2019			Capital expenditures
North America	$	400		$	116		$	97		$	143	$	7		$	15,496		$	178
EAME	70			23			13			17		(1		)	4,918			23
Asia/Pacific	88			39			29			3		3			4,540			6
Latin America	58			3			22			5		15			2,809			2
Caterpillar Power Finance	29			(16		)	13			—		26			1,673			—
Mining	80			16			18			34		3			2,966			34
Total Segments	725			181			192			202		53			32,402			243
Unallocated	19			(83		)	64			—		—			1,896			3
Timing	(8		)	(5		)	—			—		—			16			—
Methodology	—			49			(55		)	—		—			(216		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations (1)	—			—			—			—		—			(405		)	—
Total	$	736		$	142		$	201		$	202	$	53		$	33,693		$	246

⁽¹⁾ Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans.

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New Accounting Pronouncements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Schedule of cumulative effect of initially applying the new credit loss guidance

The cumulative effect of initially applying the new credit loss guidance to our consolidated financial statements on January 1, 2020 was as follows:

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars)	Balance as of December 31, 2019		Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Credit Loss Standard			Balance as of January 1, 2020
Assets:
Finance receivables, net	$	27,832	$	42		$	27,874
Other assets	$	1,292	$	(53	)	$	1,239
Liabilities:
Other liabilities	$	893	$	2		$	895
Shareholder's equity
Retained earnings	$	3,162	$	(13	)	$	3,149

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$ 301	$ 84
Gross Amounts Offset	0	0
Net Amount of Assets	301	84
Gross Amounts Not Offset	(47)	(21)
Net Amount	254	63
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	(60)	(50)
Gross Amounts Offset	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities	(60)	(50)
Gross Amounts Not Offset	47	21
Net Amount	$ (13)	$ (29)

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	$ 50	$ 65
Assets	32,332	33,693
Liabilities	29,316	30,457
Maximum
Guarantor Obligations
Related recorded liability	1	1
Variable interest entity, primary beneficiary
Guarantor Obligations
Assets	1,470	1,450
Liabilities	$ 1,470	$ 1,450

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Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Estimated annual tax rate	26.00%	27.00%

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity, consisted of the following:

(Millions of dollars)	Foreign currency translation			Derivative financial instruments			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(889	)	$	(36	)	$	(925	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	13			(3		)	10
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(11		)	(11		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	98			(1		)	97
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	111			(15		)	96
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(778	)	$	(51	)	$	(829	)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(777	)	$	(68	)	$	(845	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(306		)	67			(239		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(61		)	(61		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(306		)	6			(300		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	(1,083	)	$	(62	)	$	(1,145	)

⁽¹⁾ Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative financial instruments	Classification of income (expense)	2020			2019
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	$	71		$	6
Cross currency contracts	Interest expense	11			7
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense	(5		)	1
Reclassifications before tax		77			14
Tax (provision) benefit		(16		)	(3		)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)		$	61		$	11

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivable portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and Company-specific macro-economic factors, are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it is determined that similar risk characteristics do not exist. Finance receivables are identified for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable.  In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 3 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies.

Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). The amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received.

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Finance Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	$ 27,027		$ 28,256
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(457)		(424)	$ (511)
Total finance receivables, net	26,570	$ 27,874	27,832
Retail loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	15,061		15,424
Retail leases
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	7,207		7,660
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	4,055		4,448
Wholesale loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	655		664
Wholesale leases
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Total finance receivables	$ 49		$ 60

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Subsequent Event (Details) - Subsequent Event $ in Billions	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Commercial paper support programs in the U.S. and Canada
Subsequent Event
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 4.1
Incremental short-term credit facility secured by Caterpillar
Subsequent Event
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 3.9

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (845)	$ (925)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(239)	10
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	(61)	(11)
Adjustment to adopt reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI		97
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(300)	96
Balance at end of period	(1,145)	(829)
Foreign currency translation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	(777)	(889)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(306)	13
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	0	0
Adjustment to adopt reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI		98
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(306)	111
Balance at end of period	(1,083)	(778)
Derivative financial instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	(68)	(36)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	67	(3)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	(61)	(11)
Adjustment to adopt reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI		(1)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	6	(15)
Balance at end of period	$ (62)	$ (51)

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Recurring basis | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Derivative financial instruments, net asset (liability) position	$ 241	$ 34

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated companies	$ 94	$ 104
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization	205	206
Amortization of receivables purchase discount	(91)	(109)
Provision for credit losses	61	53
Other, net	150	33
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(42)	2
Payable to dealers and others	35	13
Accrued expenses	(17)	(11)
Other payables with Caterpillar	9	4
Other liabilities	(3)	4
Net cash provided by operating activities	401	299
Cash flows from investing activities:
Expenditures for equipment on operating leases	(246)	(242)
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment on operating leases	(1)	(4)
Proceeds from disposals of equipment	155	182
Additions to finance receivables	(3,213)	(2,971)
Collections of finance receivables	3,422	3,096
Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables	376	(16)
Proceeds from sales of receivables	31	44
Net change in variable lending to Caterpillar	0	1
Collections on other notes receivable with Caterpillar	6	16
Settlements of undesignated derivatives	35	(25)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	565	81
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in variable lending from Caterpillar	(596)	(63)
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	2,126	2,664
Payments on debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	(2,460)	(2,565)
Short-term borrowings, net (original maturities three months or less)	(35)	(525)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(965)	(489)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(22)	(2)
Increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(21)	(111)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	695	773
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$ 674	$ 662

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Interest Expense	$ 175	$ 201
Other income (expense)	(10)	(4)
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI	86	(4)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI	77	14
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges | Interest rate contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI	(15)	(26)
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges | Interest rate contracts | Interest expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI	(5)	1
Interest Expense	175	201
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges | Cross currency contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI	101	22
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges | Cross currency contracts | Interest expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI	11	7
Interest Expense	175	201
Designated derivatives | Cash flow hedges | Cross currency contracts | Other income (expense)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI	71	6
Other income (expense)	(10)	(4)
Undesignated derivatives
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	108	(29)
Undesignated derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Other income (expense)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	99	(29)
Undesignated derivatives | Cross currency contracts | Other income (expense)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$ 9	$ 0

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Finance Receivables (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables	$ 27,027	$ 28,256
Customer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	1,715
2019	7,392
2018	4,635
2017	2,375
2016	1,117
Prior	898
Revolving Financing Receivables	549
Total Finance Receivables	18,681	19,364
Customer | North America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		8,235
Customer | North America | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	934
2019	3,277
2018	2,015
2017	952
2016	455
Prior	155
Revolving Financing Receivables	157
Total Finance Receivables	7,945
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	6
2019	55
2018	52
2017	29
2016	21
Prior	5
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	168
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	11
2018	11
2017	10
2016	3
Prior	1
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	36
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	14
2018	21
2017	15
2016	10
Prior	6
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	66
Customer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		3,084
Customer | EAME | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	249
2019	1,164
2018	773
2017	358
2016	133
Prior	44
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	2,721
Customer | EAME | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	2
2019	11
2018	5
2017	4
2016	2
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	24
Customer | EAME | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	7
2018	3
2017	2
2016	1
Prior	1
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	14
Customer | EAME | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	8
2018	22
2017	23
2016	53
Prior	61
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	167
Customer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		2,816
Customer | Asia/Pacific | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	259
2019	1,249
2018	688
2017	240
2016	61
Prior	30
Revolving Financing Receivables	32
Total Finance Receivables	2,559
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	2
2019	26
2018	25
2017	9
2016	0
Prior	1
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	63
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	14
2018	14
2017	5
2016	1
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	34
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	15
2018	17
2017	8
2016	1
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	41
Customer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		2,290
Customer | Mining | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	85
2019	711
2018	413
2017	267
2016	139
Prior	217
Revolving Financing Receivables	199
Total Finance Receivables	2,031
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	0
2018	1
2017	0
2016	0
Prior	1
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	2
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	3
2018	12
2017	6
2016	0
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	21
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	12
2018	12
2017	23
2016	0
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	1
Total Finance Receivables	48
Customer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		1,275
Customer | Latin America | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	175
2019	483
2018	253
2017	88
2016	23
Prior	49
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	1,071
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	15
2018	10
2017	8
2016	4
Prior	2
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	39
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	5
2018	7
2017	5
2016	2
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	19
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	11
2018	29
2017	24
2016	9
Prior	7
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	80
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		1,664
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	3
2019	301
2018	221
2017	287
2016	158
Prior	158
Revolving Financing Receivables	160
Total Finance Receivables	1,288
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	0
2018	11
2017	0
2016	4
Prior	11
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	26
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
2017	1
2016	0
Prior	0
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2020	0
2019	0
2018	20
2017	11
2016	37
Prior	149
Revolving Financing Receivables	0
Total Finance Receivables	217
Dealer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables	4,291	4,444
Dealer | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables	4,213
Dealer | North America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		2,514
Dealer | EAME
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		600
Dealer | Asia/Pacific
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		487
Dealer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		4
Dealer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		836
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
2017	$ 78
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator
Total Finance Receivables		$ 3

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation, tax	$ (12)	$ (4)
Derivative financial instruments:
Gains (losses) deferred, tax	(19)	1
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, tax	$ 16	$ 3

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Finance Receivables (Details 8) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) contracts	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) contracts
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	5	25
Pre-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 2	$ 58
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 2	$ 57
Customer
TDRs which had been modified within twelve months of the default date [Abstract]
Number of Contracts | contracts	5	0
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 11	$ 0
Customer | EAME
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	0	17
Pre-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 0	$ 7
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 0	$ 7
TDRs which had been modified within twelve months of the default date [Abstract]
Number of Contracts | contracts	2	0
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 10	$ 0
Customer | Latin America
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	5	0
Pre-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 2	$ 0
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 2	$ 0
TDRs which had been modified within twelve months of the default date [Abstract]
Number of Contracts | contracts	3	0
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 1	$ 0
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	0	8
Pre-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 0	$ 51
Post-TDR Amortized Cost	$ 0	$ 50
Dealer
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	0	0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts | contracts	0	0

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Guarantees

We provide loan guarantees to third-party lenders for financing associated with machinery purchased by customers.  These guarantees have varying terms and are secured by the machinery being financed. We also provide residual value guarantees to third-party lenders associated with machinery leased to customers. These guarantees have varying terms. In addition, we participate in standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of our customers.  These standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are secured by customer assets.

No significant loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of these guarantees. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the related recorded liability was less than $1 million. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees was $50 million and $65 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

We provide guarantees to repurchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a special-purpose corporation (SPC) that qualifies as a VIE (see Note 1 for additional information regarding the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs).  The purpose of the SPC is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers.  This SPC issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program.  We have a loan purchase agreement with the SPC that obligates us to purchase certain loans that are not paid at maturity.  We receive a fee for providing this guarantee, which provides a source of liquidity for the SPC.  We are the primary beneficiary of the SPC as our guarantees result in us having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the SPC's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses and therefore we have consolidated the financial statements of the SPC. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the SPC’s assets of $1.47 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of loans to dealers, which are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the SPC's liabilities of $1.47 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of commercial paper, which is included in Short-term borrowings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  The assets of the SPC are not available to pay our creditors. We may be obligated to perform under the guarantee if the SPC experiences losses. No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement.

Litigation and claims

We are involved in unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of our unresolved legal actions, we believe that these unresolved legal actions will neither individually nor in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

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Finance Receivables

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables

Effective January 1, 2020, we implemented the new credit loss guidance using a modified retrospective approach. Prior period comparative information has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods. See Note 2 for additional information.

A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Retail loans, net(1)	$	15,061		$	15,424
Retail leases, net	7,207			7,660
Caterpillar purchased receivables, net	4,055			4,448
Wholesale loans, net(1)	655			664
Wholesale leases, net	49			60
Total finance receivables	27,027			28,256
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(457		)	(424		)
Total finance receivables, net	$	26,570		$	27,832

⁽¹⁾ Includes failed sale leasebacks.

Finance leases

Revenues from finance leases were $125 million and $118 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in retail and wholesale finance revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. The residual values for leases classified as finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. For finance leases, residual value adjustments are recognized through a reduction of finance revenue over the remaining lease term.

Allowance for credit losses

Portfolio segments

A portfolio segment is the level at which we develop a systematic methodology for determining our allowance for credit losses. Our portfolio segments and related methods for estimating expected credit losses are as follows:

Customer

We provide loans and finance leases to end-user customers primarily for the purpose of financing new and used Caterpillar machinery, engines and equipment for commercial use, the majority of which operate in construction-related industries. We also provide financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. The average original term of our customer finance receivable portfolio is approximately 48 months with an average remaining term of approximately 22 months.

We typically maintain a security interest in financed equipment and we require physical damage insurance coverage on the financed equipment, both of which provide us with certain rights and protections. If our collection efforts fail to bring a defaulted account current, we generally can repossess the financed equipment, after satisfying local legal requirements, and sell it within the Caterpillar dealer network or through third party auctions.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses related to our customer finance receivables based on loss forecast models utilizing probabilities of default and our estimated loss given default based on past loss experience adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts capturing country and industry-specific macro-economic factors.

As of March 31, 2020, our forecasts for the markets in which we operate reflected a decline in economic conditions resulting from a contracting economy, elevated unemployment rates and an increase in the level and trend of delinquencies due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe the economic forecasts employed represent reasonable and supportable forecasts, followed by a reversion to long term trends.

Dealer

We provide financing to Caterpillar dealers in the form of wholesale financing plans. Our wholesale financing plans provide assistance to dealers by financing their new Caterpillar equipment inventory and rental fleets and are generally secured by the financed equipment. In addition, we provide unsecured loans to Caterpillar dealers for working capital.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses for dealer finance receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Although forecasts indicate a decline in economic conditions, our Dealer portfolio segment has not historically resulted in increased credit losses during prior economic downturns due to our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, no adjustments to historical loss rates were made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

Caterpillar Purchased Receivables

We purchase receivables from Caterpillar, primarily related to the sale of equipment and parts to dealers. Caterpillar purchased receivables are non-interest-bearing short-term trade receivables that are purchased at a discount.

We estimate the allowance for credit losses for Caterpillar purchased receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Although forecasts indicate a decline in economic conditions, our Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment has not historically resulted in increased credit losses during prior economic downturns due to the short-term maturities of the receivables, our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, no adjustments to historical loss rates were made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

Classes of finance receivables

We further evaluate our portfolio segments by the class of finance receivables, which is defined as a level of information (below a portfolio segment) in which the finance receivables have the same initial measurement attribute and a similar method for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Typically, our finance receivables within a geographic area have similar credit risk profiles and methods for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Our classes, which align with management reporting for credit losses, are as follows:

• North America - Finance receivables originated in the United States and Canada.

• EAME - Finance receivables originated in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

• Asia/Pacific - Finance receivables originated in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.

• Mining - Finance receivables related to large mining customers worldwide.

• Latin America - Finance receivables originated in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

• Caterpillar Power Finance - Finance receivables originated worldwide related to marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems.

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance(1)	12			—		—		12
Receivables written off	(37		)	—		—		(37		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	7			—		—		7
Provision for credit losses	60			—		—		60
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(9		)	—		—		(9		)
Balance at end of period	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Individually evaluated	$	176		$	39	$	—	$	215
Collectively evaluated	232			6		4		242
Ending Balance	$	408		$	45	$	4	$	457
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	570		$	78	$	—	$	648
Collectively evaluated	18,111			4,213		4,055		26,379
Ending Balance	$	18,681		$	4,291	$	4,055	$	27,027

⁽¹⁾ See Note 2 regarding new accounting guidance related to credit losses.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511
Receivables written off	(281		)	—		—		(281		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	44			—		—		44
Provision for credit losses	138			24		—		162
Adjustment due to sale of receivables	(11		)	—		—		(11		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1		)	—		—		(1		)
Balance at end of year	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Individually evaluated	$	178		$	39	$	—	$	217
Collectively evaluated	197			6		4		207
Ending Balance	$	375		$	45	$	4	$	424
Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated	$	594		$	78	$	—	$	672
Collectively evaluated	18,770			4,366		4,448		27,584
Ending Balance	$	19,364		$	4,444	$	4,448	$	28,256

Credit quality of finance receivables

At origination, we evaluate credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit-rating agency ratings, loan-to-value ratios, probabilities of default, industry trends, macroeconomic factors and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, we monitor credit quality based on past-due status as there is a meaningful correlation between the past-due status of customers and the risk of loss. In determining past-due status, we consider the entire finance receivable past due when any installment is over 30 days past due.

Customer

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year.

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Finance Receivables		Total Finance Receivables
North America
Current	$	934	$	3,277	$	2,015	$	952	$	455	$	155	$	157	$	7,945
31-60 days past due	6		55		52		29		21		5		—		168
61-90 days past due	—		11		11		10		3		1		—		36
91+ days past due	—		14		21		15		10		6		—		66
EAME
Current	249		1,164		773		358		133		44		—		2,721
31-60 days past due	2		11		5		4		2		—		—		24
61-90 days past due	—		7		3		2		1		1		—		14
91+ days past due	—		8		22		23		53		61		—		167
Asia/Pacific
Current	259		1,249		688		240		61		30		32		2,559
31-60 days past due	2		26		25		9		—		1		—		63
61-90 days past due	—		14		14		5		1		—		—		34
91+ days past due	—		15		17		8		1		—		—		41
Mining
Current	85		711		413		267		139		217		199		2,031
31-60 days past due	—		—		1		—		—		1		—		2
61-90 days past due	—		3		12		6		—		—		—		21
91+ days past due	—		12		12		23		—		—		1		48
Latin America
Current	175		483		253		88		23		49		—		1,071
31-60 days past due	—		15		10		8		4		2		—		39
61-90 days past due	—		5		7		5		2		—		—		19
91+ days past due	—		11		29		24		9		7		—		80
Caterpillar Power Finance
Current	3		301		221		287		158		158		160		1,288
31-60 days past due	—		—		11		—		4		11		—		26
61-90 days past due	—		—		—		1		—		—		—		1
91+ days past due	—		—		20		11		37		149		—		217
Total	$	1,715	$	7,392	$	4,635	$	2,375	$	1,117	$	898	$	549	$	18,681

Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment are substantially secured by collateral, primarily in the form of Caterpillar and other machinery. For those contracts where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, repayment of the outstanding amounts is generally expected to be provided through the operation or repossession and sale of the machinery.

Dealer

As of March 31, 2020, our total amortized cost of finance receivables within the Dealer portfolio segment was current, with the exception of $78 million that was 91+ days past due in Latin America. These past due receivables were originated in 2017.

Caterpillar Purchased Receivables

The table below summarizes the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment.

(Millions of dollars)
	March 31, 2020
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
North America	$	16	$	9	$	18	$	43	$	2,290	$	2,333
EAME	1		—		1		2		587		589
Asia/Pacific	2		1		1		4		686		690
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		425		425
Caterpillar Power Finance	2		2		1		5		13		18
Total	$	21	$	12	$	21	$	54	$	4,001	$	4,055

The table below summarizes our recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category.

(Millions of dollars)
	December 31, 2019
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables
Customer
North America	$	72	$	23	$	55	$	150	$	8,085	$	8,235
EAME	30		31		141		202		2,882		3,084
Asia/Pacific	40		14		29		83		2,733		2,816
Mining	5		—		19		24		2,266		2,290
Latin America	41		23		80		144		1,131		1,275
Caterpillar Power Finance	10		10		225		245		1,419		1,664
Dealer
North America	—		—		—		—		2,514		2,514
EAME	—		—		—		—		600		600
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		487		487
Mining	—		—		—		—		4		4
Latin America	—		—		78		78		758		836
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		3		3
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables
North America	15		6		18		39		2,450		2,489
EAME	1		—		2		3		574		577
Asia/Pacific	1		—		—		1		891		892
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		475		475
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		15		15
Total	$	215	$	107	$	647	$	969	$	27,287	$	28,256

Impaired finance receivables

A finance receivable is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Impaired finance receivables include finance receivables that have been restructured and are considered to be troubled debt restructures.

In our Customer portfolio segment, impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)
	As of December 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
North America	$	6	$	6	$	—
EAME	—		—		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—
Mining	22		22		—
Latin America	8		8		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	58		58		—
Total	$	94	$	94	$	—
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	30	$	30	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	37		36		9
Latin America	58		58		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	306		319		107
Total	$	500	$	512	$	178
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	36	$	36	$	11
EAME	61		61		29
Asia/Pacific	8		8		2
Mining	59		58		9
Latin America	66		66		20
Caterpillar Power Finance	364		377		107
Total	$	594	$	606	$	178

(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
North America	$	10	$	—
EAME	1		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—
Mining	31		—
Latin America	24		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	60		1
Total	$	126	$	1
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	40	$	1
EAME	94		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	43		1
Latin America	77		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	451		3
Total	$	712	$	7
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	50	$	1
EAME	95		1
Asia/Pacific	7		—
Mining	74		1
Latin America	101		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	511		4
Total	$	838	$	8

There were $78 million in impaired finance receivables with a related allowance of $39 million as of December 31, 2019 for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. There were no impaired finance receivables as of December 31, 2019 for the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment.

Non-accrual finance receivables

Recognition of income is suspended and the finance receivable is placed on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable. Contracts on non-accrual status are generally more than 120 days past due or have been restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Recognition is resumed and previously suspended income is recognized when the finance receivable becomes current and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms. Interest earned but uncollected prior to the receivable being placed on non-accrual status is written off through Provision for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, it is considered uncollectible.

In our Customer portfolio segment, finance receivables which were on non-accrual status and finance receivables over 90 days past due and still accruing income were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	March 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost
	Non-accrual With an Allowance		Non-accrual Without an Allowance		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	50	$	—	$	20
EAME	168		1		5
Asia/Pacific	29		—		12
Mining	40		—		9
Latin America	87		—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	329		—		7
Total	$	703	$	1	$	53

There was less than $1 million of interest income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 for customer finance receivables on non-accrual status.

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2019
	Recorded Investment
	Non-accrual Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing
North America	$	44	$	15
EAME	165		4
Asia/Pacific	21		8
Mining	47		—
Latin America	89		2
Caterpillar Power Finance	361		—
Total	$	727	$	29

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $78 million in finance receivables on non-accrual status in our Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. There were no finance receivables in our Dealer portfolio segment more than 90 days past due and still accruing income as of March 31, 2020 and no interest income was recognized on dealer finance receivables on non-accrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Troubled debt restructurings

A restructuring of a finance receivable constitutes a TDR when the lender grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions granted may include extended contract maturities, inclusion of interest only periods, below market interest rates, payment deferrals and reduction of principal and/or accrued interest.

There were no finance receivables modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 for the Dealer or Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segments. Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Amortized Cost		Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	—	$	—	$	—	17	$	7	$	7
Latin America	5	2		2		—	—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	—	—		—		8	51		50
Total	5	$	2	$	2	25	$	58	$	57

TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date, were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment
EAME	2	$	10	—	$	—
Latin America	3	1		—	—
Total	5	$	11	—	$	—