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Finance Receivables (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]    
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due 30 days  
Period after which collection of future income is considered as not probable 120 days  
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 1,100 $ 845
Current 27,334 26,646
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 28,434 27,491
91 Plus, Still Accruing 24 36
31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 213 195
61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 80 199
91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 807 451
Customer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 19,583 19,789
Customer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 167 128
Current 7,883 8,040
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 8,050 8,168
91 Plus, Still Accruing 14 8
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 65 71
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 18 15
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 84 42
Customer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 181 77
Current 2,850 2,718
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 3,031 2,795
91 Plus, Still Accruing 5 13
Customer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 19 21
Customer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 10
Customer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 153 46
Customer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 42 39
Current 2,923 2,520
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,965 2,559
91 Plus, Still Accruing 5 5
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 25 18
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 7
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 8 14
Customer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 38 64
Current 1,642 1,751
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,680 1,815
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 9
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 28 3
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 60
Customer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 138 234
Current 1,421 1,546
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,559 1,780
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 38 37
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 29 55
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 71 142
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 395 196
Current 1,903 2,476
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,298 2,672
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 10 20
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 32
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 384 144
Dealer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,160 4,241
Dealer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2,210 2,394
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,210 2,394
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 619 417
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 619 417
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 514 578
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 514 578
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 4 5
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4 5
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 78 72
Current 731 773
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 809 845
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 72
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 78 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 4 2
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4 2
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,691 3,461
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 52 31
Current 2,982 2,010
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 3,034 2,041
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 22 24
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 12 5
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 18 2
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 4
Current 546 344
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 548 348
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 2
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 7 0
Current 756 630
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 763 630
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 5 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 0 0
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 338 437
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 338 437
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 8 5
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 8 5
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 0 $ 0