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Finance Receivables (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]    
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due 30 days  
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 1,071 $ 845
Current 26,857 26,646
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 27,928 27,491
91 Plus, Still Accruing 26 36
31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 301 195
61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 110 199
91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 660 451
Customer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 19,574 19,789
Customer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 137 128
Current 7,921 8,040
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 8,058 8,168
91 Plus, Still Accruing 7 8
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 74 71
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 17 15
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 46 42
Customer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 150 77
Current 2,848 2,718
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,998 2,795
91 Plus, Still Accruing 6 13
Customer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 19 21
Customer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 10
Customer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 122 46
Customer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 53 39
Current 2,885 2,520
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,938 2,559
91 Plus, Still Accruing 5 5
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 31 18
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 14 7
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 8 14
Customer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 14 64
Current 1,623 1,751
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,637 1,815
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 9
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 5 3
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 1
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 60
Customer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 134 234
Current 1,385 1,546
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,519 1,780
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 35 37
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 15 55
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 84 142
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 459 196
Current 1,965 2,476
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,424 2,672
91 Plus, Still Accruing 8 1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 116 20
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 45 32
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 298 144
Dealer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,338 4,241
Dealer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2,435 2,394
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,435 2,394
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 580 417
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 580 417
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 502 578
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 502 578
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 4 5
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4 5
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 79 72
Current 734 773
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 813 845
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 72
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 79 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 4 2
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4 2
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,016 3,461
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 38 31
Current 2,618 2,010
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,656 2,041
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 17 24
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 10 5
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 11 2
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 3 4
Current 448 344
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 451 348
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 2
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 3 0
Current 588 630
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 591 630
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 0 0
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 314 437
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 314 437
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Current 3 5
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4 5
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 0 $ 0