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Finance Receivables (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]    
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due 30 days  
Period after which collection of future income is considered as not probable 120 days  
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 845 $ 696
Current 26,646 25,859
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 27,491 26,555
91 Plus, Still Accruing 38 19
31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 195 149
61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 199 82
91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 451 465
Customer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 19,789 19,645
Customer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 128 125
Current 8,040 8,051
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 8,168 8,176
91 Plus, Still Accruing 8 5
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 71 50
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 15 16
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 42 59
Customer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 77 67
Current 2,718 2,388
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,795 2,455
91 Plus, Still Accruing 13 6
Customer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 21 16
Customer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 10 12
Customer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 46 39
Customer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 39 40
Current 2,520 1,944
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,559 1,984
91 Plus, Still Accruing 5 4
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 18 18
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 7 7
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 14 15
Customer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 64 68
Current 1,751 1,756
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,815 1,824
91 Plus, Still Accruing 9 2
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 3 3
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 2
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 60 63
Customer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 234 287
Current 1,546 1,808
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,780 2,095
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 37 40
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 55 33
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 142 214
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 196 93
Current 2,476 3,018
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,672 3,111
91 Plus, Still Accruing 1 1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 20 11
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 32 9
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 144 73
Dealer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,241 4,479
Dealer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2,394 2,705
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,394 2,705
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 417 336
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 417 336
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 578 582
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 578 582
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 5 6
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 5 6
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 72 0
Current 773 848
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 845 848
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 72 0
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2 2
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2 2
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 3,461 2,431
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 31 15
Current 2,010 1,303
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,041 1,318
91 Plus, Still Accruing 2 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 24 11
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 5 3
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 4 1
Current 344 268
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 348 269
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 630 475
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 630 475
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 0 0
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 0 0
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 437 366
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 437 366
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 5 3
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 5 3
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 0 $ 0