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Finance Receivables (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]    
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due 30 days  
Period after which collection of future income is considered as not probable 120 days  
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 696 $ 628
Current 25,859 27,098
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 26,555 27,726
91 Plus, Still Accruing 19 26
31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 149 156
61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 82 70
91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 465 402
Customer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 19,645 20,032
Customer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 125 87
Current 8,051 8,031
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 8,176 8,118
91 Plus, Still Accruing 5 4
Customer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 50 45
Customer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 16 12
Customer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 59 30
Customer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 67 69
Current 2,388 2,358
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,455 2,427
91 Plus, Still Accruing 6 9
Customer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 16 18
Customer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 12 7
Customer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 39 44
Customer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 40 55
Current 1,944 2,108
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,984 2,163
91 Plus, Still Accruing 4 6
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 18 22
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 7 12
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 15 21
Customer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 68 75
Current 1,756 1,793
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,824 1,868
91 Plus, Still Accruing 2 1
Customer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 3 6
Customer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 2 1
Customer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 63 68
Customer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 287 275
Current 1,808 1,998
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,095 2,273
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 40 45
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 33 31
Customer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 214 199
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 93 36
Current 3,018 3,147
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 3,111 3,183
91 Plus, Still Accruing 1 2
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 11 0
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 9 1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 73 35
Dealer    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 4,479 5,093
Dealer | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2,705 3,387
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,705 3,387
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 336 330
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 336 330
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 582 611
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 582 611
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 6 4
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 6 4
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 848 758
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 848 758
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 2 3
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2 3
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 2,431 2,601
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 15 22
Current 1,303 1,386
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 1,318 1,408
91 Plus, Still Accruing 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 11 16
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 3 5
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 8
Current 268 307
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 269 315
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 3
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 4
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Europe | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 1 4
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 475 407
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 475 407
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 0 0
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 0 0
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Mining | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Current 366 454
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 366 454
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 1
Current 3 16
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 3 17
91 Plus, Still Accruing 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31-60 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 0
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61-90 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due 0 1
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Plus Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due    
Past Due $ 0 $ 0