497 1 d497.htm LMP INCOME TRUST -- MASSACHUSETTS MUNICIPALS FUND/INTERMEDIATE MAT. CALIFORNIA LMP Income Trust -- Massachusetts Municipals Fund/Intermediate Mat. California

Filed under Rule 497(c)
File No. 2-96408

March 20, 2008

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

LEGG MASON PARTNERS MASSACHUSETTS MUNICIPALS FUND

55 Water Street

New York, New York 10041

(800) 451-2010

This Statement of Additional Information (this “SAI”) is not a prospectus and is meant to be read in conjunction with the current prospectus of Legg Mason Partners Massachusetts Municipals Fund (the “fund”), dated March 20, 2008, as amended or supplemented from time to time, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the fund’s prospectus.

As part of a number of initiatives launched in 2006 to restructure and streamline the Legg Mason Partners fund complex, the fund assumed the assets and liabilities of a predecessor fund with the same name effective April 16, 2007. The fund is a series of Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (the “Trust”), a Maryland business trust. Certain historical information contained in the SAI for periods prior to April 16, 2007 is that of the fund’s predecessor.

Additional information about the fund’s investments is available in the fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. These reports contain financial statements that are incorporated herein by reference. The fund’s prospectus and copies of these reports may be obtained free of charge by contacting banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, investment advisers, financial consultants or advisers, mutual fund supermarkets and other financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the fund’s distributor to sell shares of the fund (each called a “Service Agent”), or by writing or calling the fund at the address or telephone number set forth above. Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”), a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”), serves as the fund’s sole and exclusive distributor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Investment Objective and Management Policies

   2

Risk Factors

   20

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

   28

Portfolio Transactions

   30

Portfolio Turnover

   32

Investment Policies

   32

Management

   36

Investment Management and Other Services

   47

Portfolio Manager Disclosure

   51

Distribution

   54

Purchase of Shares

   57

Redemption of Shares

   62

Valuation of Shares

   63

Exchange Privilege

   63

Dividends and Distributions

   64

Taxes

   65

Additional Information

   70

Financial Statements

   76

Appendix A—Additional Information Concerning Massachusetts Municipal Obligations

   A-1

Appendix B—Additional Information Concerning Puerto Rico Municipal Obligations

   B-1

Appendix C—Description of Ratings

   C-1

Appendix D—Western Asset Management Company Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

   D-1

THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ONLY IF PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY AN EFFECTIVE PROSPECTUS.

 

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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES

The following policies and restrictions supplement those set forth in the prospectus. Unless otherwise noted, whenever an investment policy or restriction states a maximum percentage of the fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding quality standards, such standard or percentage limitation will be determined immediately after and as a result of the fund’s acquisition of such security or other asset. Accordingly, any subsequent change in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the fund’s investment policies and restrictions.

Investment Objective

The fund seeks to provide Massachusetts investors with as high a level of dividend income exempt from federal and Massachusetts personal income taxes as is consistent with prudent investment management and the preservation of capital.

Principal Investment Strategies

As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in Massachusetts municipal securities, or other investments with similar economic characteristics. Massachusetts municipal securities include securities issued by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax and Massachusetts state personal income tax.

The fund’s investments may be of any maturity. The fund focuses primarily on intermediate-term and long-term municipal securities, and will normally invest in securities which have remaining maturities at the time of purchase from one to more than thirty years.

The fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in below investment grade bonds. Investment grade bonds are those rated by a national ratings organization in any of the four highest long-term rating categories, or if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.”

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. The fund may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, such as futures, options, swaps and warrants, for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the fund’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Despite this flexibility, the fund’s subadviser may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadviser choose to use derivatives, the fund will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of fund assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Additional Information

The fund’s principal investment strategies are described above. The following provides additional information about these principal strategies and describes other investment strategies that may be used by the fund.

The fund’s investment objective and the policies it employs to achieve that objective are also discussed in the fund’s prospectus. The following discussion supplements the description of the fund’s investment policies in the prospectus.

 

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For purposes of this SAI, obligations of non-Massachusetts municipal issuers that pay interest that is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“non-Massachusetts municipal securities”) and obligations of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities (together with certain other municipal issuers such as Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and Guam) that pay interest that is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes and exempt from Massachusetts personal income taxes (“Massachusetts municipal securities”), are collectively referred to as “Exempt Obligations.”

As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its assets, (net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in Massachusetts municipal securities, or other investments with similar economic characteristics, the income from which is exempt from regular federal and Massachusetts personal income taxes. This policy may not change without shareholder approval. The fund considers any investments in Massachusetts municipal securities that pay interest subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) as part of the 80% of the fund’s assets that must be invested in Massachusetts municipal securities. The fund may invest up to 20% of its assets in non-Massachusetts municipal securities.

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) serves as investment manager to the fund. Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”) serves as the subadviser to the fund.

Non-Diversified Classification. The fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). A diversified fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer, or (b) the fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. A non-diversified fund is not subject to these limitations. Therefore, a non-diversified fund can invest a greater portion of its assets in a single issuer or a limited number of issuers than may a diversified fund. In this regard, the fund is subject to greater risk than a diversified fund. Under the 1940 Act, the fund may change its classification from non-diversified to diversified without shareholder approval.

The fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” under Supchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), which will relieve the fund of any liability for the federal income tax and Massachusetts corporate excise tax, as applicable, to the extent its earnings are distributed to shareholders. To qualify as a regulated investment company, the fund will, among other things, limit its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year (a) not more than 25% of the market value of the fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer, and (b) with respect to 50% of the market value of its total assets, not more than 5% of the market value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer and the fund will not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer.

As a result of the fund’s non-diversified status, an investment in the fund may present greater risks to investors than an investment in a diversified fund. The investment return on a non-diversified fund typically is dependent upon the performance of a smaller number of securities relative to the number of securities held in a diversified fund. The fund’s assumption of large positions in the obligations of a small number of issuers will affect the value of its portfolio to a greater extent than that of a diversified fund in the event of changes in the financial condition, or in the market’s assessment, of the issuers.

The identification of the issuer of Exempt Obligations generally depends upon the terms and conditions of the security. When the assets and revenues of an agency, authority, instrumentality or other political subdivision are separate from those of the government creating the issuing entity and only the assets and revenues of such entity back the security, such entity would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Similarly, in the case of a private activity bond, if only the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user back that bond, then such non-governmental user is deemed to be the sole issuer. If in either case, however, the creating government or some other entity guarantees a security, such a guarantee would be considered a separate security and would be treated as an issue of such government or other entity.

 

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Use of Ratings as Investment Criteria. In general, the ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“S&P”) and Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) and other nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations (“NRSROs”) represent the opinions of those agencies as to the quality of the Exempt Obligations and short-term investments which they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that such ratings are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality and do not evaluate the market risk of securities. These ratings will be used by the fund as initial criteria for the selection of portfolio securities, but the fund also will rely upon the independent advice of the subadviser to evaluate potential investments. Among the factors that will be considered are the long-term ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest and general economic trends. To the extent the fund invests in lower-rated and comparable unrated securities, the fund’s achievement of its investment objective may be more dependent on the subadviser’s credit analysis of such securities than would be the case for a portfolio consisting entirely of higher-rated securities. Appendix C contains information concerning the ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch and their significance.

If, after purchase, the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates, or if the maturity is extended, the fund’s portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by the fund may become the holders of underlying assets. In that case, the fund may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. To the extent the ratings change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems or due to a corporate restructuring of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch’s or any other NRSRO, the fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for its investments in accordance with its investment objective and policies.

The fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in municipal securities rated below investment grade (i.e., lower than Baa, MIG 3 or Prime-1 by Moody’s, BBB, SP-2 or A-1 by S&P or BBB or F-1 by Fitch), or have the equivalent rating by any other NRSRO, or if unrated, municipal securities deemed to be of comparable quality by the subadviser. These securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” (a) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organization, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions, and (b) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. Securities rated as low as C by Moody’s, D by S&P or D by Fitch or having an equivalent rating by any other NRSRO are extremely speculative and may be in actual default of interest and/or principal payments.

While the market values of low-rated and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than the market values of higher-rated securities, the market values of certain low-rated and comparable unrated municipal securities also tend to be more sensitive than higher-rated securities to short-term corporate and industry developments and changes in economic conditions (including recession) in specific regions or localities or among specific types of issuers. In addition, low-rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. During an economic downturn or a prolonged period of rising interest rates, the ability of issuers of low-rated and comparable unrated securities to service their payment obligations, meet projected goals or obtain additional financing may be impaired. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because low-rated and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. The fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

While the market for municipal securities is considered generally to be adequate, the existence of limited markets for particular low-rated and comparable unrated securities may diminish the fund’s ability to (a) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating its net asset value, and (b) sell the securities at fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in the financial markets. The market for certain low-rated and comparable unrated securities has not fully weathered a major economic recession. Any such economic downturn could adversely affect the value of such securities and the ability of the issuers of these securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon.

Fixed income securities, including low-rated securities and comparable unrated securities, frequently have call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders, such as

 

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the fund. If an issuer exercises these rights during periods of declining interest rates, the fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, thus resulting in a decreased return to the fund.

Because many issuers of Massachusetts municipal securities may choose not to have their obligations rated, it is possible that a large portion of the fund’s portfolio may consist of unrated obligations. Unrated obligations are not necessarily of lower quality than rated obligations, but to the extent the fund invests in unrated obligations, the fund will be more reliant on the subadviser’s judgment, analysis and experience than would be the case if the fund invested only in rated obligations.

Maturity of Obligations Held by the Fund. The fund’s average weighted maturity will vary from time to time based on the judgment of the subadviser. The fund intends to focus on intermediate and long-term obligations, generally with maturities at the time of purchase of from one to more than thirty years.

Exempt Obligations. Exempt Obligations are classified as general obligation bonds, revenue bonds and notes. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from the revenue derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source, but not from the general taxing power. Notes are short-term obligations of issuing municipalities or agencies and are sold in anticipation of a bond sale, collection of taxes or receipt of other revenues. Exempt Obligations bear fixed, floating and variable rates of interest, and variations exist in the security of Exempt Obligations, both within a particular classification and between classifications.

The yields on, and values of, Exempt Obligations depend on a variety of factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, conditions in the Exempt Obligation markets, size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation and rating of the issue. Consequently, Exempt Obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields or values.

Issuers of Exempt Obligations may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. In addition, the obligations of those issuers may become subject to laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures or referenda extending the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of the obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The possibility also exists that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of, and interest on, its obligations may be materially affected.

Related Instruments. The fund may invest without limit in Exempt Obligations that are repayable out of revenues generated from economically related projects or facilities or debt obligations whose issuers are located in the same state. Sizable investments in these obligations could involve an increased risk to the fund should any of the related projects or facilities experience financial difficulties.

U.S. Government Securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”) in which the fund may invest include debt obligations of varying maturities issued by the United States Treasury or issued or guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the United States government, including the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Loan Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board, Student Loan Marketing Association and Resolution Trust Company. Direct obligations of the United States Treasury include bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issuance. These instruments are direct obligations of the United States government and, as such, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Because the United States government is not

 

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obligated by law to provide support to an instrumentality that it sponsors, the fund will not invest in obligations issued by an instrumentality of the United States government unless the subadviser determines that the instrumentality’s credit risk does not make its securities unsuitable for investment by the fund.

Municipal Securities. For purposes of this SAI, “municipal securities” shall collectively refer to debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, or multi-state agencies or authorities. Municipal securities include long-term obligations, often called municipal bonds, as well as short-term notes, participation certificates, municipal leases, custodial receipts and tax-exempt commercial paper.

Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds generally are understood to include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations, payment of general operating expenses and extensions of loans to public institutions and facilities. The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” or “specific obligation” bonds, which include “industrial revenue bonds” and “private activity bonds.” General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and the repayment of principal, and, accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s maintenance of its tax base. Revenue or specific obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special tax or other specific revenue source, such as from the users of the facility being financed; accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Although the ratings of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s of tax-exempt securities are relative and subjective, and are not absolute standards of quality, such ratings reflect the assessment of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s, as the case may be, at the time of issuance of the rating, of the economic viability of the issuer or the special revenue source with respect to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, but do not reflect an assessment of the market value of the obligation. The rating agencies undertake no obligation to update their ratings of securities. See Appendix C.

The fund may purchase tender option bonds. A tender option bond is a municipal bond (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates, that has been coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the institution generally receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal bond’s fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent, that would cause the securities, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder would effectively hold a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax-exempt rate.

The fund may purchase inverse floating obligations and residual interest bonds which represent interests in tax-exempt securities and which pay interest rates that vary inversely to changes in the interest rates of specified short-term tax-exempt securities or an index of short-term tax-exempt securities. An investment in inverse floaters or residual interest bonds may involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed-rate municipal bond. Because changes in the interest rate on the other securities or index inversely affect the residual interest paid, the value of an the inverse floater or residual interest bond is generally more volatile than that of a fixed-rate municipal bond.

The yield on municipal bonds is dependent on a variety of factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, general money market factors, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation offered and the rating of the issue. Municipal bonds also may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws

 

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affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The possibility also exists that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any one or more issuers to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its or their municipal bonds may be materially and adversely affected.

Municipal Leases. The fund may invest in “municipal leases,” which are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment or facilities. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel to the issuers, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are often secured by the underlying property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating municipal lease obligations, the subadviser will consider such factors as it deems appropriate, which may include: (a) whether the lease can be canceled; (b) the ability of the lease obligee to direct the sale of the underlying assets; (c) the general creditworthiness of the lease obligor; (d) the likelihood that the municipality will discontinue appropriating funding for the leased property in the event such property is no longer considered essential by the municipality; (e) the legal recourse of the lease obligee in the event of such a failure to appropriate funding; (f) whether the security is backed by a credit enhancement such as insurance; and (g) any limitations which are imposed on the lease obligor’s ability to utilize substitute property or services rather than those covered by the lease obligation.

The fund may invest in debt obligations which are repayable out of revenue streams generated from economically-related projects or facilities or debt obligations whose issuers are located in the same state. Sizeable investments in such obligations could involve an increased risk to the fund should any of the related projects or facilities experience financial difficulties.

Participation Certificates. Participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities. They may represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract.

Private Activity Bonds. The fund may invest without limit in Exempt Obligations that are “private activity bonds,” as defined in the Code, which are in most cases revenue bonds. Private activity bonds generally do not carry the pledge of the credit of the issuing municipality, but are guaranteed by or payable from funds provided by the corporate entity on whose behalf they are issued. Interest income on certain types of private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986 to finance non-governmental activities is a specific tax preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. Individual and corporate shareholders may be subject to the AMT to the extent the fund’s dividends are derived from interest on these bonds. Dividends derived from interest income on Exempt Obligations are a “current earnings” adjustment item for purposes of the federal corporate alternative minimum tax. See “Dividends and Distributions” and “Taxes” below. Private activity bonds held by the fund are considered Exempt Obligations for purposes of determining compliance with the fund’s policy of investing at least 80% of its assets in Exempt Obligations.

Zero Coupon Bonds. A zero coupon bond pays no interest in cash to its holder during its life, although interest is accrued during that period. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than

 

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its face value (sometimes referred to as a “deep discount” price). Because such securities usually trade at a deep discount, they will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities which make periodic distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, zero coupon securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity. The fund may also invest in hybrid zero coupon securities which possess qualities of both zero coupon and coupon bonds.

Pay-In-Kind. The fund may invest in pay-in-kind securities, which pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities. Pay-in-kind securities have characteristics similar to those of zero coupon securities, but interest on such securities may be paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash.

Deferred Interest Bonds. The fund may invest in deferred interest bonds, which are debt obligations that generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins and that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Although this period of delay is different for each deferred interest bond, a typical period is approximately one-third of the bond’s term to maturity. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its initial need for cash to meet debt service, but some also provide a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash.

Debt Obligations Generally. The fund may invest in a variety of debt and fixed income securities. These securities share three principal risks: first, the level of interest income generated by the fund’s fixed income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. Thus, when fixed income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Second, their values fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Thus, a decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the fund’s fixed income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the fund’s fixed income investments will generally decline. The magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when the fund’s duration or average maturity is longer. Changes in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income from those securities, but will be reflected in the fund’s net asset value. In addition, certain fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due, or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.

Custodial Receipts. The fund may acquire custodial receipts or certificates underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments, or both, on certain Exempt Obligations. The underwriter of these certificates or receipts typically purchases Exempt Obligations and deposits the obligations in an irrevocable trust or custodial account with a custodian bank, which then issues receipts or certificates evidencing ownership of the periodic unmatured coupon payments and the final principal payment on the obligations. Custodial receipts evidencing specific coupon or principal payments have the same general attributes as zero coupon Exempt Obligations described above. Although under the terms of a custodial receipt the fund would typically be authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligations, the fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank those rights as may exist against the underlying issuer. Thus, if the underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, if the trust or custodial account in which the underlying security has been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying security would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.

Exempt Obligation Components. The fund may invest in Exempt Obligations, the interest rate on which has been divided by the issuer into two different and variable components, which together result in a fixed interest rate. Typically, the first of the components (the “Auction Component”) pays an interest rate that is reset

 

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periodically through an auction process; whereas the second of the components (the “Residual Component”) pays a residual interest rate based on the difference between the total interest paid by the issuer on the Exempt Obligation and the auction rate paid on the Auction Component. The fund may purchase both Auction and Residual Components.

Because the interest rate paid to holders of Residual Components is generally determined by subtracting from a fixed amount the interest rate paid to the holders of Auction Components, the interest rate paid to Residual Component holders will decrease as the Auction Component’s rate increases and increase as the Auction Component’s rate decreases. Moreover, the magnitude of the increases and decreases in market value of Residual Components may be larger than comparable changes in the market value of an equal principal amount of a fixed-rate Exempt Obligation having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity.

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments. The fund may purchase floating and variable rate demand notes and bonds, which are Exempt Obligations normally having a stated maturity in excess of one year, but which permit their holder to demand payment of principal at any time, or at specified intervals. The maturity of a floating or variable rate demand note or bond will be deemed shortened by virtue of a demand feature.

The issuer of floating and variable rate demand obligations normally has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal amount of the obligations plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days’ notice to the holders of these obligations. The interest rate on a floating rate demand obligation is based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate, and is adjusted automatically each time that rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate demand obligation is adjusted automatically at specified intervals. Frequently, floating and variable rate obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. Use of letters of credit or other credit support arrangements will not adversely affect the tax-exempt status of these obligations. Because they are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, floating and variable rate obligations generally will not be traded. In addition, generally no secondary market exists for these obligations, although their holders may demand payment at face value. For these reasons, when floating and variable rate obligations held by the fund are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements, the fund’s rights to demand payment is dependent on the ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. The subadviser, on behalf of the fund, will consider on an ongoing basis the creditworthiness of the issuers of floating and variable rate demand obligations held by the fund.

Participation Interests. The fund may purchase from financial institutions tax-exempt participation interests in Exempt Obligations. A participation interest gives the fund an undivided interest in the Exempt Obligation in the proportion that the fund’s participation interest bears to the total amount of the Exempt Obligation. These instruments may have floating or variable rates of interest. If the participation interest is unrated, it will be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a bank that the fund has determined meets certain quality standards, or the payment obligation otherwise will be collateralized by U.S. Government Securities. The fund will have the right, with respect to certain participation interests, to demand payment, on a specified number of days’ notice, for all or any part of the fund’s interest in the Exempt Obligation, plus accrued interest. The fund intends to exercise its right with respect to these instruments to demand payment only upon a default under the terms of the Exempt Obligation or to maintain or improve the quality of its investment portfolio.

Taxable Investments. Under normal conditions, the fund may hold up to 20% of its net assets in cash or money market instruments, including taxable money market instruments (collectively, “Taxable Investments”). In addition, when the subadviser believes that market conditions warrant, the fund may take a temporary defensive posture and invest without limitation in short-term Exempt Obligations and Taxable Investments. To the extent the fund holds Taxable Investments and, under certain market conditions, certain floating and variable rate demand obligations or Auction Components, the fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

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Derivative Instruments — Options, Futures and Other Strategies

General. The fund may invest in certain options, futures contracts (sometimes referred to as “futures”), options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) to, among other things, attempt to hedge its investments or attempt to enhance its return or yield through non-hedging strategies. Except as otherwise provided in the prospectus, this SAI or by applicable law, the fund may purchase and sell any type of Financial Instrument.

The use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, the fund’s ability to use Financial Instruments may be limited by tax considerations.

Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as “short hedges” and “long hedges.” A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in the fund’s portfolio. Thus, in a short hedge the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.

Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that the fund intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, the fund does not own a corresponding security and, therefore, the transaction does not relate to the portfolio security that the fund owns. Rather, it relates to a security that the fund intends to acquire. If the fund does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing, the effect on the fund’s portfolio is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.

Financial Instruments on securities generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that the fund owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indices, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which the fund has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities generally are used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.

In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below, the subadviser expects to discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the subadviser develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The subadviser may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with the fund’s investment objective and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. The fund might not use any of these strategies, and there can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed.

Risks. The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below, and may result in losses to the fund. In general, these techniques may increase the volatility of the fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to the fund. The fund’s use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the subadviser’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities, currency and interest rate markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in

 

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abnormal market conditions. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed, and use of Financial Instruments could result in a loss, regardless of whether the intent was to reduce risk or increase return. The fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If the fund were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.

The fund’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the fund.

Certain Risks Associated with Hedging Strategies. There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a Financial Instrument and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a Financial Instrument used in a short hedge increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which Financial Instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using Financial Instruments on indices will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the securities or other assets being hedged.

Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded Financial Instruments, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match the fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly. The fund may invest in Financial Instruments based on securities with different issuers, maturities or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the position in Financial Instruments will not track the performance of the fund’s other investments.

Prices of Financial Instruments can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match the fund’s portfolio investments well. Prices of Financial Instruments are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the markets for Financial Instruments and the securities markets, from structural differences in how Financial Instruments and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. The fund may purchase or sell Financial Instruments with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in the fund’s positions in Financial Instruments are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

If successful, the above-discussed strategies can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements. However, such strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. For example, if the fund entered into a short hedge because its subadviser projected a decline in the price of a security in the fund’s portfolio, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the Financial Instrument. Moreover, if the price of the Financial Instrument declined by more than the increase in the price of the security, the fund could suffer a loss. In either such case, the fund would have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.

 

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Cover. Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose the fund to an obligation to another party. The fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, segregate on its books cash or liquid assets in the prescribed amount as determined daily. The fund may cover such transactions using other methods currently or as may be permitted in the future under the 1940 Act or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. For these purposes, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account when deemed appropriate by the fund.

Assets used as cover cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the fund’s assets to cover in accounts could impede portfolio management or the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.

The fund may purchase call options for any purpose. For example, a call option may be purchased by the fund as a long hedge. Call options also may be used as a means of participating in an anticipated price increase of a security on a more limited risk basis than would be possible if the security itself were purchased. In the event of a decline in the price of the underlying security, use of this strategy would serve to limit the fund’s potential loss to the option premium paid; conversely, if the market price of the underlying security increases above the exercise price and the fund either sells or exercises the option, any profit realized would be reduced by the premium.

The fund may purchase put options for any purpose. For example, a put option may be purchased by the fund as a short hedge. The put option enables the fund to sell the underlying security at the predetermined exercise price; thus, the potential for loss to the fund below the exercise price is limited to the option premium paid. If the market price of the underlying security is higher than the exercise price of the put option, any profit the fund realizes on the sale of the security would be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put option may be sold.

Writing put or call options can enable the fund to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, the fund may also suffer a loss as a result of writing options. For example, if the market price of the security underlying a put option declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, the fund would suffer a loss.

Writing call options can serve as a limited short hedge, because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and the fund will be obligated to sell the security or currency at less than its market value. If the call option is an over the counter (“OTC”) option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.

Writing put options can serve as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and the fund will be obligated to purchase the security or currency at more than its market value. If the put option is an OTC option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.

 

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The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions.

The fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, the fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, the fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit the fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

A type of put that the fund may purchase is an “optional delivery standby commitment,” which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to the fund. An optional delivery standby commitment gives the fund the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.

Risks of Options on Securities. Options may result in the fund’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. The fund may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between the fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the fund, as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

The fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that the fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.

If the fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence of a secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by the fund could cause material losses because the fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.

Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or other instrument. Options purchased by the fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by the fund expires unexercised, the fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

Options on Indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When the fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the

 

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index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When the fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When the fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When the fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

Risks of Options on Indices. The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when the fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. The fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, the fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.

Even if the fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, the fund, as a call writer, will not learn that the fund has been assigned until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds securities that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those securities against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding securities positions.

If the fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows the fund great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. The fund

 

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may invest in single security futures contracts to the extent permitted by applicable law. Options on futures give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. The purchase of futures or call options on futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures or the purchase of put options on futures can serve as a short hedge. Writing call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing call options on securities or indices. Similarly, writing put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or yield. To the extent permitted by applicable law and the fund’s investment policies, the fund may also write call and put options on futures contracts that are not covered.

In addition, futures strategies can be used to manage the average duration of the fund’s fixed income portfolio. If the subadviser wishes to shorten the average duration of the fund’s fixed income portfolio, the fund may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If the subadviser wishes to lengthen the average duration of the fund’s fixed income portfolio, the fund may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.

Futures contracts may also be used for non-hedging purposes, such as to simulate full investment in underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for portfolio management purposes, as a substitute for direct investment in a security, to facilitate trading, to reduce transaction costs, or to seek higher investment returns when a futures contract or option is priced more attractively than the underlying security or index.

No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract the fund is required to deposit “initial margin.” Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.

Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking-to-market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When the fund purchases an option on a futures contract, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the fund when the use of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the value of the securities or currencies being hedged. In contrast, when the fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.

Although some futures and options on futures call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or currencies, generally those contracts are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures or options (involving the same currency or underlying security and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the fund realizes a gain, or if it is more, the fund realizes a loss. If an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the fund realizes a gain, or if it is less, the fund realizes a loss. The fund will also bear transaction costs for each contract, which will be included in these calculations. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.

 

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Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If the fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it could incur substantial losses. The fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.

The fund is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and, therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.

Risks of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures market), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market trends by the subadviser may still not result in a successful transaction. Of course, the subadviser may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of various interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market movements or the time span within which the movements take place.

Index Futures. The risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of index futures and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of the fund’s portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the index futures moves less than the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the futures contract. If the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the securities, the fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the futures contract that will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures, the fund may buy or sell index futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the prices of the securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where the fund has sold index futures contracts to hedge against decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the fund may decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. However, while this could occur for a very brief period or to a very

 

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small degree, over time the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices on which the futures contracts are based.

Where index futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before the fund is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the fund then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.

To the extent such instruments are permitted by applicable law and the fund’s investment policies, the fund may invest in security futures. Such investments are expected to be subject to risks similar to those of index future investing.

Combined Positions. The fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with other Financial Instruments, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. For example, the fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

Turnover. The fund’s options and futures activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by the fund, and the sale or purchase of futures contracts, may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once the fund has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by the fund may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within the fund’s control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. The fund will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.

Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. The fund may enter into swaps, caps, floors and collars to preserve a return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the fund anticipates purchasing at a later date or to attempt to enhance yield. A swap involves the exchange by the fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the fund’s investments and its share price and yield because, and to the extent, these agreements affect the fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, non-U.S. currency values, mortgage-backed security values, corporate borrowing rates or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates.

Swap agreements will tend to shift the fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options.

 

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If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty’s insolvency.

The fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, the fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or a non- U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap which may be significantly larger than the fund’s cost to enter into the credit default swap.

The fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk—that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the fund in the event of a default.

The net amount of the excess, if any, of the fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap will be accrued on a daily basis, depending on whether a threshold amount (if any) is exceeded, and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value approximately equal to the accrued excess will be maintained as collateral. The fund will also maintain collateral with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis, and will maintain collateral as required by SEC guidelines from time to time with respect to caps and floors written by the fund.

Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities. The fund may enter into commitments to purchase securities on a “forward commitment” basis, including purchases on a “when-issued” basis or a “to be announced” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, certain terms may be fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. Such securities are often the most efficiently priced and have the best liquidity in the bond market. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser for the securities purchased and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. In a “to be announced” transaction, the fund commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not yet known at the time of the trade, particularly the exact face amount in forward commitment mortgage-backed securities transactions.

The fund may sell the securities subject to a forward commitment purchase, which may result in a gain or loss. When the fund purchases securities on a forward commitment basis, it assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation, at the time of purchase, not at the time of receipt. Purchases of forward commitment securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to deliver after the value of the securities has risen. Depending on market conditions, the fund’s forward commitment purchases could cause its net asset value to be more volatile. The fund may also enter into a forward commitment to sell securities it owns and will generally do so only with the intention of actually delivering the securities. The use of forward commitments enables the fund to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. In a forward sale, the fund does not participate in gains or losses on the security occurring after the commitment date. Forward commitments to sell securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to take delivery after the value of the securities has declined.

Forward commitment transactions involve additional risks similar to those associated with investments in options and futures contracts.

 

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Flexibility. Generally, the foregoing is not intended to limit the fund’s investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by the fund as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what the fund may do are not intended to limit other any activity. The fund maintains the flexibility to use Financial Instruments for any purpose consistent with applicable law and any express limitations in the fund’s SAI or prospectus.

Stand-by Commitments. The fund may acquire “stand-by commitments” with respect to Exempt Obligations held in its portfolio. Under a stand-by commitment, a broker, dealer or bank is obligated to repurchase at the fund’s option specified securities at a specified price and, in this way, a stand-by commitment is subject to the ability of the seller to make payment on demand. The fund will acquire stand-by commitments solely to facilitate portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise the rights afforded by the commitments for trading purposes. The fund anticipates that stand-by commitments will be available from brokers, dealers and banks without the payment of any direct or indirect consideration. The fund may pay for stand-by commitments if payment is deemed necessary, thus increasing to a degree the cost of the underlying Exempt Obligations and similarly decreasing the security’s yield to the fund.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities. Restricted securities are securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale, such as private placements. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of restricted securities at a time when the sale would otherwise be desirable. To the extent required by applicable law and SEC guidance, no securities for which there is not a readily available market (“illiquid securities”) will be acquired by the fund if such acquisition would cause the aggregate value of illiquid securities to exceed 15% of the fund’s net assets. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and the fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities promptly. The fund also is authorized to borrow up to 10% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) valued at market less liabilities (not including the amount borrowed) in order to meet anticipated redemptions and to pledge its assets to the same extent in connection with the borrowings.

Repurchase Agreements. The fund may enter into repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, domestic banks or recognized financial institutions. A repurchase agreement is a short-term investment in which the purchaser (i.e., the fund) acquires ownership of a debt security and the seller agrees to repurchase the obligation at a future time and set price, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are collateralized by the underlying debt securities and may be considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. All repurchase agreements entered into by the fund shall be fully collateralized at all times during the period of the agreement in that the value of the underlying security shall be at least equal to the amount of the loan, including the accrued interest thereon, and the fund or its custodian or sub-custodians shall have control of the collateral, which the subadviser believes will give the fund a valid, perfected security interest in the collateral. This might become an issue in the event of the bankruptcy of the other party to the transaction. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by the fund but only constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price. Therefore, the fund may suffer time delays and incur costs in connection with the disposition of the collateral. The subadviser believes that the collateral underlying repurchase agreements may be more susceptible to claims of the seller’s creditors than would be the case with securities owned by the fund. The fund will make payment for such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer to the account of a custodian or bank acting as agent. The seller under a repurchase agreement is required to maintain the value of the underlying securities marked to market daily at not less than the repurchase price. The underlying securities (normally securities of the U.S. government, or its agencies and instrumentalities) may have maturity dates exceeding one year. The fund does not bear the risk of a decline in value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation.

For the purpose of investing in repurchase agreements, the subadviser may aggregate the cash that certain funds or accounts that are advised or subadvised by the subadviser or its affiliates would otherwise invest separately into a joint account. The cash in the joint account is then invested in repurchase and the funds, funds or accounts that contributed to the joint account share pro rata in the net revenue generated. The subadviser

 

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believes that the joint account produces efficiencies and economies of scale that may contribute to reduced transaction costs, higher returns, higher quality investments and greater diversity of investments for the fund than would be available to the fund investing separately. The manner in which the joint account is managed is subject to conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive order authorizing this practice, which conditions are designed to ensure the fair administration of the joint account and to protect the amounts in that account.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, the fund, along with other affiliated entities managed by the subadviser, may transfer uninvested cash balances into one or more joint repurchase accounts. These balances are invested in one or more repurchase agreements, secured by U.S. Government Securities. Securities that are collateral for repurchase agreements are financial assets subject to the fund’s entitlement orders through its securities account at its custodian bank until the agreements mature. Each joint repurchase arrangement requires that the market value of the collateral be sufficient to cover payments of interest and principal; however, in the event of default by the other party to the agreement, retention or sale of the collateral may be subject to legal proceedings.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Investments. The fund may invest or hold cash or other short-term investments, including commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. The fund may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to the private placement exemption in Section 4(2) of 1933 Act. Section 4(2) paper is restricted as to disposition under federal securities laws in that any resale must similarly be made in an exempt transaction. The fund may or may not regard such securities as illiquid, depending on the circumstances of each case. The fund may also invest in obligations (including certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of banks and savings and loan institutions.

Temporary Investments. The fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If the fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may be unable to achieve its investment objective.

Other Investments. In addition to the foregoing, the fund may investment in instruments that exist or that may develop in the future if the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, believes such instruments to be commensurate with appropriate risk assumption and pursuit of the fund’s investment objective.

RISK FACTORS

Risk of Concentration In a Single State

The primary purpose of investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities is the special tax treatment accorded the state’s resident individual investors. However, payment of interest and preservation of principal is dependent upon the continuing ability of the state’s issuers and/or obligors on state, municipal and public authority debt obligations to meet their obligations thereunder. Investors should be aware of certain factors that might affect the financial condition of issuers of municipal securities, consider the greater risk of the concentration of the fund versus the safety that comes with a less concentrated investment portfolio and compare yields available in portfolios of Massachusetts issues with those of more diversified portfolios, including out-of-state issues, before making an investment decision.

Municipal securities in which the fund’s assets are invested may include debt obligations of the municipalities and other subdivisions of Massachusetts issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, bridges, highways, schools, streets and water and sewer works. Other purposes for which municipal securities may be issued include the obtaining of funds to lend to public or private institutions for the construction of facilities such as educational, hospital,

 

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housing, and solid waste disposal facilities. The latter, including most AMT-Subject bonds (as defined below) are generally payable from private sources which, in varying degrees, may depend on local economic conditions, but are not necessarily affected by the ability of the state and its political subdivisions to pay their debts. It is not possible to provide specific details on each of these obligations in which fund assets may be invested. However, all such securities, the payment of which is not a general obligation of an issuer having general taxing power, must satisfy, at the time of an acquisition by the fund, the minimum rating(s) requirements. See Appendix C for a description of ratings and rating criteria. Some municipal securities may be rated based on a moral obligation contract, which allows the municipality to terminate its obligation by deciding not to make an appropriation. Generally, no legal remedy is available against the municipality that is a party to the moral obligation contract in the event of such non-appropriation.

Alternative Minimum Tax. Under current federal income tax law, (1) interest on Municipal Bonds issued after August 7, 1986 which are specified private activity bonds (“AMT-Subject bonds”) and the proportionate share of any exempt-interest dividend paid by a regulated investment company that receives interest from such AMT-Subject bonds, will be treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of the AMT that is imposed on individuals and corporations by the Code, though for regular federal income tax purposes such interest will remain fully tax-exempt, and (2) interest on all tax-exempt obligations will be included in “adjusted current earnings” of corporations for AMT purposes. Such AMT-Subject bonds, which include industrial development bonds and bonds issued to finance projects such as airports, housing projects, solid waste disposal facilities, student loan programs and water and sewage projects, have provided, and may continue to provide, somewhat higher yields than other comparable municipal securities.

Investors should consider that, in most instances, no state, municipality or other governmental unit with taxing power will be obligated to make or guarantee payments of principal and interest with respect to AMT-Subject bonds. AMT-Subject bonds are in most cases revenue bonds and do not generally have the pledge of the credit or the taxing power, if any, of the issuer of such bonds. AMT-Subject bonds are generally limited obligations of the issuer supported by payments from private business entities and not by the full faith and credit of a state or any governmental subdivision. Typically the obligation of the issuer of AMT-Subject bonds is to make payments to bond holders only out of and to the extent of payments made by the private business entity for whose benefit the AMT-Subject bonds were issued. Payment of the principal and interest on such revenue bonds depends solely on the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment. It is not possible to provide specific detail on each of these obligations in which fund assets may be invested.

Municipal Market Volatility. Municipal securities can be affected significantly by political changes as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to taxation, legislative changes, or the rights of municipal security holders. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal insurer can affect the overall municipal market.

Interest Rate Changes. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the price of a debt security can fall when interest rates rise and can rise when interest rates fall. Securities with longer maturities can be more sensitive to interest rate changes. In other words, the longer the maturity of a security, the greater the impact a change in interest rates could have on the security’s price. In addition, short-term and long-term interest rates do not necessarily move in the same amount or the same direction. Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates, and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates.

Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can affect the credit quality or value of an issuer’s securities. Lower-quality debt securities (those of

 

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less than investment-grade quality) tend to be more sensitive to these changes than higher-quality debt securities. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be affected negatively by the discontinuance of the taxation supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues from the project or from the assets. If the Internal Revenue Service determines an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with applicable tax requirements, or the structure of a security fails to function as intended, interest from the security could become taxable or the security could decline significantly in value.

Municipal Market Disruption Risk. The value of municipal securities may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal market related to legislation or litigation involving the taxation of municipal securities or the rights of municipal securities holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Please see, for example, the discussion of Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis under “Taxes — Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.” Proposals to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities are introduced before Congress from time to time. Proposals also may be introduced before the Massachusetts legislature that would affect the state tax treatment of a municipal fund’s distributions. If such proposals were enacted, the availability of municipal securities and the value of a municipal fund’s holdings would be affected and the Trustees would reevaluate the fund’s investment objectives and policies. Municipal bankruptcies are relatively rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear and remain untested. Further, the application of state law to municipal issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal securities issuers within a state. These legal uncertainties could affect the municipal securities market generally, certain specific segments of the market, or the relative credit quality of particular securities. Any of these effects could have a significant impact on the prices of some or all of the municipal securities held by the fund.

Risks Inherent in an Investment in Different Types of Municipal Securities

General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. However, the taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors. Some such factors are the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control.

Industrial Development Revenue Bonds (“IDRs”). IDRs, including pollution control revenue bonds, are tax-exempt securities issued by states, municipalities, public authorities or similar entities to finance the cost of acquiring, constructing or improving various projects. These projects are usually operated by corporate entities. IDRs are not general obligations of governmental entities backed by their taxing power. Issuers are only obligated to pay amounts due on the IDRs to the extent that funds are available from the unexpended proceeds of the IDRs or receipts or revenues of the issuer. Payment of IDRs is solely dependent upon the creditworthiness of the corporate operator of the project or corporate guarantor. Such corporate operators or guarantors that are industrial companies may be affected by many factors, which may have an adverse impact on the credit quality of the particular company or industry.

Hospital and Health Care Facility Bonds. The ability of hospitals and other health care facilities to meet their obligations with respect to revenue bonds issued on their behalf is dependent on various factors. Some such factors are the level of payments received from private third-party payors and government programs and the cost of providing health care services. There can be no assurance that payments under governmental programs will remain at levels comparable to present levels or will be sufficient to cover the costs associated with their bonds. It also may be necessary for a hospital or other health care facility to incur substantial capital expenditures or increased operating expenses to effect changes in its facilities, equipment, personnel and services. Hospitals and other health care facilities are additionally subject to claims and legal actions by patients and others in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance that a claim will not exceed the insurance coverage of a health care facility or that insurance coverage will be available to a facility.

 

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Single Family and Multi-Family Housing Bonds. Multi-family housing revenue bonds and single family mortgage revenue bonds are state and local housing issues that have been issued to provide financing for various housing projects. Multi-family housing revenue bonds are payable primarily from mortgage loans to housing projects for low to moderate income families. Single-family mortgage revenue bonds are issued for the purpose of acquiring notes secured by mortgages on residences. The ability of housing issuers to make debt service payments on their obligations may be affected by various economic and non-economic factors. Such factors include: occupancy levels, adequate rental income in multi-family projects, the rate of default on mortgage loans underlying single family issues and the ability of mortgage insurers to pay claims. All single-family mortgage revenue bonds and certain multi-family housing revenue bonds are prepayable over the life of the underlying mortgage or mortgage pool. Therefore, the average life of housing obligations cannot be determined. However, the average life of these obligations will ordinarily be less than their stated maturities. Mortgage loans are frequently partially or completely prepaid prior to their final stated maturities.

Power Facility Bonds. The ability of utilities to meet their obligations with respect to bonds they issue is dependent on various factors. These factors include the rates they may charge their customers, the demand for a utility’s services and the cost of providing those services. Utilities are also subject to extensive regulations relating to the rates which they may charge customers. Utilities can experience regulatory, political and consumer resistance to rate increases. Utilities engaged in long-term capital projects are especially sensitive to regulatory lags in granting rate increases. Utilities are additionally subject to increased costs due to governmental environmental regulation and decreased profits due to increasing competition. Any difficulty in obtaining timely and adequate rate increases could adversely affect a utility’s results of operations. The subadviser cannot predict at this time the effect of such factors on the ability of issuers to meet their obligations with respect to bonds.

Water and Sewer Revenue Bonds. Water and sewer bonds are generally payable from user fees. The ability of state and local water and sewer authorities to meet their obligations may be affected by a number of factors. Such factors include the failure of municipalities to utilize fully the facilities constructed by these authorities, declines in revenue from user charges, rising construction and maintenance costs, impact of environmental requirements, the difficulty of obtaining or discovering new supplies of fresh water, the effect of conservation programs, the impact of “no growth” zoning ordinances and the continued availability of federal and state financial assistance and of municipal bond insurance for future bond issues.

University and College Bonds. The ability of universities and colleges to meet their obligations is dependent upon various factors. Some of these factors, of which an investor should be aware, are the size and diversity of their sources of revenues, enrollment, reputation, management expertise, the availability and restrictions on the use of endowments and other funds and the quality and maintenance costs of campus facilities. Also, in the case of public institutions, the financial condition of the relevant state or other governmental entity and its policies with respect to education may affect an institution’s ability to make payments on its own.

Lease Rental Bonds. Lease rental bonds are predominantly issued by governmental authorities that have no taxing power or other means of directly raising revenues. Rather, the authorities are financing vehicles created solely for the construction of buildings or the purchase of equipment that will be used by a state or local government. Thus, the bonds are subject to the ability and willingness of the lessee government to meet its lease rental payments, which include debt service on the bonds. Lease rental bonds are subject to the risk that the lessee government is not legally obligated to budget and appropriate for the rental payments beyond the current fiscal year. These bonds are also subject to the risk of abatement in many states as rents cease in the event that damage, destruction or condemnation of the project prevents its use by the lessee. Also, in the event of default by the lessee government, there may be significant legal and/or practical difficulties involved in the reletting or sale of the project.

Capital Improvement Facility Bonds. Capital improvement bonds are bonds issued to provide funds to assist political subdivisions or agencies of a state through acquisition of the underlying debt of a state or local political subdivision or agency. The risks of an investment in such bonds include the risk of possible prepayment or failure of payment of proceeds on and default of the underlying debt.

 

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Solid Waste Disposal Bonds. Bonds issued for solid waste disposal facilities are generally payable from tipping fees and from revenues that may be earned by the facility on the sale of electrical energy generated in the combustion of waste products. The ability of solid waste disposal facilities to meet their obligations depends upon the continued use of the facility, the successful and efficient operation of the facility and, in the case of waste-to-energy facilities, the continued ability of the facility to generate electricity on a commercial basis. Also, increasing environmental regulation on the federal, state and local level has a significant impact on waste disposal facilities. While regulation requires more waste producers to use waste disposal facilities, it also imposes significant costs on the facilities.

Moral Obligation Bonds. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of the bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question. Thus, such a commitment generally requires appropriation by the state legislature and accordingly does not constitute a legally enforceable obligation or debt of the state. The agencies or authorities generally have no taxing power.

Refunded Bonds. Refunded bonds are typically secured by direct obligations of the U.S. government, or in some cases obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government, placed in an escrow account maintained by an independent trustee until maturity or a predetermined redemption date. These obligations are generally non-callable prior to maturity or the predetermined redemption date. In a few isolated instances to date, however, bonds which were thought to be escrowed to maturity have been called for redemption prior to maturity.

Airport, Port and Highway Revenue Bonds. Certain facility revenue bonds are payable from and secured by the revenue from the ownership and operation of particular facilities, such as airports, highways and port authorities. Airport operating income may be affected by the ability of airlines to meet their obligations under the agreements with airports. Similarly, payment on bonds related to other facilities is dependent on revenues from the projects, such as use fees from ports, tolls on turnpikes and bridges and rents from buildings. Therefore, payment may be adversely affected by reduction in revenues due to such factors and increased cost of maintenance or decreased use of a facility. The subadviser cannot predict what effect conditions may have on revenues which are required for payment on these bonds.

Special Tax Bonds. Special tax bonds are payable from and secured by the revenues derived by a municipality from a particular tax. Examples of such special taxes are a tax on the rental of a hotel room, the purchase of food and beverages, the rental of automobiles or the consumption of liquor. Special tax bonds are not secured by the general tax revenues of the municipality, and they do not represent general obligations of the municipality. Therefore, payment on special tax bonds may be adversely affected by a reduction in revenues realized from the underlying special tax. Also, should spending on the particular goods or services that are subject to the special tax decline, the municipality may be under no obligation to increase the rate of the special tax to ensure that sufficient revenues are raised from the shrinking taxable base.

Tax Allocation Bonds. Tax allocation bonds are typically secured by incremental tax revenues collected on property within the areas where redevelopment projects financed by bond proceeds are located. Such payments are expected to be made from projected increases in tax revenues derived from higher assessed values of property resulting from development in the particular project area and not from an increase in tax rates. Special risk considerations include: reduction of, or a less than anticipated increase in, taxable values of property in the project area; successful appeals by property owners of assessed valuations; substantial delinquencies in the payment of property taxes; or imposition of any constitutional or legislative property tax rate decrease.

Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are secured by a state or local government’s proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”). The MSA is an agreement, reached out of court in November 1998 between the attorneys general of 46 states (Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi and Texas all settled independently) and six other U.S. jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam), and the four largest U.S. tobacco manufacturers (Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds,

 

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Brown & Williamson, and Lorillard). Subsequently, 34 smaller tobacco manufacturers signed on to the MSA, bringing the current combined market share of participating tobacco manufacturers to approximately 99%. The MSA basically provides for annual payments by the manufacturers to the states and jurisdictions in perpetuity, in exchange for releasing all claims against the manufacturers and a pledge of no further litigation. The MSA established a base payment schedule and a formula for adjusting payments each year. Manufacturers pay into a master escrow trust based on their market share, and each state receives a fixed percentage of the payment as set forth in the MSA. Annual payments are highly dependent on annual domestic cigarette shipments and inflation, as well as several other factors. As a result, payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted by a decrease in tobacco consumption over time. A market share loss by the MSA companies to non-MSA participating manufacturers would also cause a downward adjustment in the payment amounts. A participating manufacturer filing for bankruptcy could cause delays or reductions in bond payments.

Certain tobacco settlement revenue bonds are issued with “turbo” redemption features. Under the turbo structure, all available excess revenues are applied as an early redemption to the designated first turbo maturity until it is completely repaid, and then to the next turbo maturity until paid in full, and so on. The result is that the returned principal creates an average maturity that could be much shorter than the legal final maturity.

Transit Authority Bonds. Mass transit is generally not self-supporting from fare revenues. Therefore, additional financial resources must be made available to ensure operation of mass transit systems as well as the timely payment of debt service. Often such financial resources include federal and state subsidies, lease rentals paid by funds of the state or local government or a pledge of a special tax. If fare revenues or the additional financial resources do not increase appropriately to pay for rising operating expenses, the ability of the issuer to adequately service the debt may be adversely affected.

Convention Facility Bonds. Bonds in the convention facilities category include special limited obligation securities issued to finance convention and sports facilities payable from rental payments and annual governmental appropriations. The governmental agency is not obligated to make payments in any year in which the monies have not been appropriated to make such payments. In addition, these facilities are limited use facilities that may not be used for purposes other than as convention centers or sports facilities.

Correctional Facility Bonds. Bonds in the correctional facilities category include special limited obligation securities issued to construct, rehabilitate and purchase correctional facilities payable from governmental rental payments and/or appropriations.

Risks Relating to Investments in Massachusetts Municipal Securities and Other Municipal Obligations

The following summaries are included for the purpose of providing certain information regarding the economic climate and financial condition of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands and are based primarily on information from official statements made available in connection with the issuance of certain securities and other documents and sources and does not purport to be complete. Neither the fund nor the subadviser has undertaken to verify independently such information and neither the fund nor the subadviser assumes responsibility for the accuracy of such information. The summaries do not provide information regarding most securities in which the fund is permitted to invest and, in particular, do not provide specific information on the issuers or types of municipal securities in which the fund invests or the private business entities whose obligations support the payments on AMT-Subject bonds, which may include industrial development bonds and bonds issued to finance such projects as airports, housing projects, solid waste disposal facilities, student loan programs and water and sewage projects, in which the fund may invest. See “Alternative Minimum Tax.” The risk factors concerning Massachusetts or its political subdivisions discussed herein will not be relevant to all securities in which the fund may invest, and the creditworthiness of any particular issuer of securities may be unrelated to that of other issuers of securities in which the fund may invest. Additionally, although revenue obligations of a state or its political subdivisions may be payable from a specific project or source, there can be no assurance that future economic difficulties and the

 

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resulting impact on state and local government finances will not adversely affect the market value of the fund or the ability of the respective obligors to make timely payments of principal and interest on such obligations. In addition, a number of factors may adversely affect the ability of the issuers of municipal securities to repay their borrowings that are unrelated to the financial or economic condition of a state, and that, in some cases, are beyond their control.

Massachusetts Risk Factors. The following is a brief summary of certain factors affecting the economy of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors. Many complex political, social and economic forces influence Massachusetts’s economy and finances, which may in turn affect the Commonwealth’s financial plan. These forces may affect Massachusetts unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions and events that are not subject to the Commonwealth’s control.

The economy of Massachusetts is represented by several industrial and non-industrial sectors. According to 2002 data, the four largest sectors of the economy were real estate and rental and leasing, professional and technical services, manufacturing and finance and insurance. The Commonwealth appears to be recovering from the recession that began in 2001, but is lagging behind the nation in many indicators, particularly employment levels and rates of unemployment.

Though state law requires approval of a balanced budget for each fiscal year, additional spending is achieved through supplementary appropriation acts. Massachusetts has experienced budget shortfalls, which it has addressed through revenue and expenditure measures, involving both one-time tactics such as the use of tobacco settlement funds, as well as methods like restructuring of the capital gains tax that could contribute to reducing structural imbalance.

A significant expense facing the Commonwealth is its portion of costs relating to the Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel project (the “Big Dig”), which was originally budgeted at slightly more than $2 billion and is currently estimated to cost approximately $14.8 billion. Nearly half of those costs are to be borne by the federal government, with the remainder to be borne by the Commonwealth. Over $14 billion of project costs have been funded. It is estimated that the Commonwealth’s remaining cash flow needs in connection with the project are approximately $260 million in fiscal 2008 and $35 million thereafter.

There can be no assurance that current or future economic difficulties in the United States or Massachusetts and the resulting impact on the state will not adversely affect the market value of Massachusetts municipal obligations held by the fund or the ability of particular issuers to make timely payments of debt service on these obligations.

For further information concerning the economy of Massachusetts, see Appendix A to this SAI. The summary set forth above and in Appendix A is included for the purpose of providing a general description of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts credit and financial conditions, is based on information from statements of issuers of Massachusetts municipal obligations, and does not purport to be complete. The fund is not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information.

Puerto Rico Risk Factors. Certain of the bonds in the fund may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in Puerto Rico. The following is a brief summary of factors affecting the economy of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, electronics, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second only to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

 

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The economy of Puerto Rico is closely linked to the United States economy. Factors affecting the United States economy usually have a significant impact on the performance of the Puerto Rico economy. These factors include exports, direct investment, the amount of federal transfer payments, the level of interest rates, the level of oil prices, the rate of inflation, and tourist expenditures.

There can be no assurance that current or future economic difficulties in the United States or Puerto Rico and the resulting impact on Puerto Rico will not adversely affect the market value of Puerto Rico municipal obligations held by the fund or the ability of particular issuers to make timely payments of debt service on these obligations.

For further information concerning the economy of Puerto Rico, see Appendix B to this SAI. The summary set forth above and in Appendix B is included for the purpose of providing a general description of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico credit and financial conditions, is based on information from statements of issuers of Puerto Rico municipal obligations, and does not purport to be complete. The fund is not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information.

Guam Risk Factors. Certain of the bonds in the fund may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in Guam. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in Guam.

Guam, the westernmost territory of the U.S., is located 3,700 miles to the west-southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii and approximately 1,500 miles southeast of Japan. Guam’s economy is heavily dependent upon the U.S. military and tourism, particularly from Japan. The number of tourists visiting Guam has fluctuated in recent years due to natural disasters, fluctuations in the Japanese yen, and the events of September 11, 2001 in the United States.

Public sector employment in Guam is significant with approximately 25% of the labor force working for the local government or in federal jobs in December 2006. The rest of the labor force works in the private sector. Major private sector employment categories include construction, transportation and public utilities, retail trade and services. The economy depends largely on US military spending and tourism. Total US grants, wage payments, and procurement outlays amounted to $1.3 billion in 2004. Over the past 30 years, the tourist industry has grown to become the largest income source following national defense. The Guam economy continues to experience expansion in both its tourism and military sectors.

United States Virgin Islands Risk Factors. Certain of the bonds in the fund may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in the U.S. Virgin Islands. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The principal islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands are St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, and Water Island. The islands are located 1,075 miles from Miami, and about 1,600 miles southeast of New York City. In 2006, the population of the U.S. Virgin Islands was estimated at 112,801.

Tourism is the Virgin Island’s largest industry and represents the largest segment in the private sector, accounting for 80% of gross domestic product and employment. In some prior fiscal years, the most recent being 2003, the local government experienced recurring operating deficits in its general fund resulting from structural imbalances, including a large public sector payroll, the nature of a three-island economy and a narrow private sector base. In 2006, approximately 2.58 million visitors arrived in the Virgin Islands, down from 2.61 in 2005 , which was slightly down from the record 2.62 million visitor arrivals recorded in 2004. Hotel occupancy rate and the number of air visitors increased from 2002 through 2005, but slightly decreased in 2006. The number of cruise ship passenger arrivals significantly increased in 2004 over 2003, but slightly decreased in 2005 and 2006 compared to the 2004 levels. The manufacturing sector consists of petroleum refining, textiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and watch assembly. One of the world’s largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix. International business and financial services are small but growing components of the economy. The islands are vulnerable to substantial damage from storms, and have suffered approximately $3 billion of damages from hurricanes since 1989.

 

27


DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

For funds in the Legg Mason Partners family of funds, each fund’s board of trustees has adopted policies and procedures developed by LMPFA with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio securities and any ongoing arrangements to make available information about each fund’s portfolio securities. The policy requires that consideration always be given as to whether disclosure of information about any fund’s portfolio holdings is in the best interests of such fund’s shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest between the interests of the fund’s shareholders and those of LMPFA, the fund’s distributor, or its affiliates, be addressed in a manner that places the interests of fund shareholders first. The policy provides that information regarding a fund’s portfolio holdings may not be shared with non-Legg Mason employees, with investors or potential investors (whether individual or institutional), or with third parties unless it is done for legitimate fund business purposes and in accordance with the policy.

LMPFA’s policy generally provides for the release of details of securities positions once they are considered “stale.” Data is considered stale 25 calendar days following quarter-end for funds other than money market funds, and 25 calendar days following month-end with respect to money market funds. LMPFA believes that this passage of time prevents a third party from benefiting from an investment decision made by a fund that has not been fully reflected by the market.

Under the policy, a fund’s complete list of holdings (including the size of each position) may be made available to investors, potential investors, third parties and non-Legg Mason employees with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after calendar quarter-end, except in the case of a money market fund’s holdings, which may be released with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after month end. Typically, simultaneous public disclosure is achieved by the filing of Form N-Q or Form N-CSR in accordance with SEC rules, provided that such filings may not be made until 25 days following quarter-end, and/or posting the information to a Legg Mason or the fund’s Internet site that is accessible by the public, or through public release by a third party vendor.

The policy permits the release of limited portfolio holdings information that is not yet considered stale in a number of situations, including:

 

  1. A fund’s top ten securities, current as of month-end, and the individual size of each such security position may be released at any time following month-end with simultaneous public disclosure.

 

  2. A fund’s top ten securities positions (including the aggregate but not individual size of such positions) may be released at any time with simultaneous public disclosure.

 

  3. A list of securities (that may include fund holdings together with other securities) followed by a portfolio manager (without position sizes or identification of particular funds) may be disclosed to sell-side brokers at any time for the purpose of obtaining research and/or market information from such brokers.

 

  4. A trade in process may be discussed only with counterparties, potential counterparties and others involved in the transaction (i.e., brokers and custodians).

 

  5. A fund’s sector weightings, yield and duration (for fixed income funds), performance attribution (e.g., analysis of the fund’s out-performance or underperformance of its benchmark based on its portfolio holdings) and other summary and statistical information that does not include identification of specific portfolio holdings may be released, even if non-public, if such release is otherwise in accordance with the policy’s general principles.

 

  6. A fund’s portfolio holdings may be released on an as-needed basis to its legal counsel, counsel to its Independent Trustees, and its independent public accounting firm, in required regulatory filings or otherwise to governmental agencies and authorities.

 

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Under the policy, if information about a fund’s portfolio holdings is released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party, a fund must have a legitimate business purpose for the release of the information, and either the party receiving the information must be under a duty of confidentiality, or the release of non-public information must be subject to trading restrictions and confidential treatment to prohibit the entity from sharing with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided. Neither a fund, nor Legg Mason nor any other affiliated party may receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with such arrangements. Ongoing arrangements to make available information about a fund’s portfolio securities will be reviewed at least annually by a fund’s board of trustees.

The approval of a fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, or designee, must be obtained before entering into any new ongoing arrangement or altering any existing ongoing arrangement to make available portfolio holdings information, or with respect to any exceptions to the policy. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. Exceptions are considered on a case-by-case basis and are granted only after a thorough examination and consultation with LMPFA’s legal department, as necessary. Exceptions to the policies are reported annually to a fund’s board of trustees.

Currently, the fund typically discloses its complete portfolio holdings approximately 25 days after calendar quarter-end on Legg Mason’s website http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors.

Set forth below is a list, as of August 31, 2007, of those parties with whom LMPFA, on behalf of the fund, has authorized ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holdings information, the frequency of the release under such arrangements and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The parties identified below as recipients are service providers, fund rating agencies, consultants and analysts.

 

Recipient

  

Frequency

  

Delay before dissemination

State Street Bank & Trust Co. (Fund Custodian and Accounting Agent)

   Daily    None

Institutional Shareholders Services (Proxy Voting Services)

   As necessary    None

Bloomberg

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Lipper

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

S&P

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Morningstar

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Vestek

   Daily    None

Factset

   Daily    None

The Bank of New York

   Daily    None

Thomson

   Semi-annually    None

Dataware

   Daily    None

ITG

   Daily    None

Portfolio holdings information for the fund may also be released from time to time pursuant to ongoing arrangements with the following parties:

 

Recipient

  

Frequency

  

Delay before dissemination

Baseline    Daily    None
Frank Russell    Monthly    1 Day
Callan    Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End
Mercer    Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End
eVestment Alliance    Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End
CRA RogersCasey    Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End
Cambridge Associates    Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

 

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Recipient

  

Frequency

 

Delay before dissemination

Marco Consulting    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Wilshire    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Informa Investment Services (Efron)    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
CheckFree (Mobius)    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Nelsons Information    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Investor Tools    Daily   None
Advent    Daily   None
BARRA    Daily   None
Plexus    Quarterly(Calendar)  

1-3 Business Days after Quarter-End

Elkins/McSherry    Quarterly(Calendar)  

1-3 Business Days after Quarter-End

Quantitative Services Group    Daily   None
AMBAC    Daily   None
Deutsche Bank    Monthly   6-8 Business Days
Fitch    Monthly   6-8 Business Days
Liberty Hampshire    Weekly and Month-End   None
Sun Trust    Weekly and Month-End   None
New England Pension Consultants    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Evaluation Associates    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
Watson Wyatt    Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter-End
S&P (Rating Agency)    Weekly Tuesday Night*   1 Business Day*
Moody’s (Rating Agency)    Monthly*  

6-8 Business Days*

Electra Information Systems    Daily   None
SunGard    Daily   None

 

* For a money market fund, the frequency of the release of information to this recipient may be weekly and there may be no delay in the release of the information.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

Subject to policies as may be established by the fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) from time to time, the subadviser is primarily responsible for the fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of the fund’s portfolio transactions.

Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but the price of those securities includes an undisclosed commission or mark-up. Over-the-counter purchases and sales are transacted directly with principal market makers except where it is believed that better prices and executions may be obtained elsewhere. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down.

Pursuant to the investment management agreement pursuant to which LMPFA serves as investment manager to the fund (the “Management Agreement”) and the subadvisory agreement between the manager and Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “subadviser”) pursuant to which Western Asset serves as subadviser to the fund (“the Sub-Advisory Agreement”), each of the manager and the subadviser is authorized to place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the fund either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer, foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or others selected by it. The general policy of the manager and the subadviser in selecting brokers and dealers is to obtain the best results

 

30


achievable in the context of a number of factors which are considered both in relation to individual trades and broader trading patterns, including the reliability of the broker/dealer, the competitiveness of the price and the commission, the research services received and whether the broker/dealer commits its own capital.

In connection with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, subject to applicable law, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the fund and/or the other accounts over which the manager, the subadviser or their affiliates exercise investment discretion. The manager and the subadviser are authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the fund which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the manager and the subadviser determine in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities that the manager, the subadviser and their affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The manager and/or subadviser may also have arrangements with brokers pursuant to which such brokers provide research services to the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, in exchange for a certain volume of brokerage transactions to be executed by such brokers. While the payment of higher commissions increases the fund’s costs, neither the manager nor the subadviser believes that the receipt of such brokerage and research services significantly reduces its expenses as manager or subadviser. Arrangements for the receipt of research services from brokers may create conflicts of interest.

Research services furnished to the manager or the subadviser by brokers who effect securities transactions for the fund may be used by the manager or the subadviser in servicing other investment companies and accounts which it manages. Similarly, research services furnished to the manager or the subadviser by brokers who effect securities transactions for other investment companies and accounts which the manager or the subadviser manages may be used by the manager or the subadviser in servicing the fund. Not all of these research services are used by the manager or the subadviser in managing any particular account, including the fund.

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the fund did not pay any commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers because of research services provided.

The fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining the best net results, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated broker/dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. The fund’s Board has adopted procedures in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to such affiliates are reasonable and fair in the context of the market in which such affiliates operate.

Effective December 1, 2007, Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. (“CGMI”) no longer serves as a distributor of the fund.

The fund did not pay any brokerage commissions during its past three fiscal years. As of December 1, 2005, LMIS became an underwriter of the fund under the 1940 Act. For the period from December 1, 2005 through November 30, 2006 and for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the fund paid no brokerage commissions to LMIS or its affiliates.

As of November 30, 2007, the fund did not hold any securities issued by the fund’s regular broker-dealers.

In certain instances, there may be securities that are suitable as an investment for the fund as well as for one or more of the manager’s or the subadviser’s other clients. Investment decisions for the fund and for the manager’s or the subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be

 

31


held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same manager, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could adversely affect the price of or the size of the position obtainable in a security for the fund. When purchases or sales of the same security for the fund and for other funds managed by the manager or the subadviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large volume purchases or sales.

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

For reporting purposes, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the lime of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. The fund’s portfolio turnover rate generally is not expected to exceed 100%, but the portfolio turnover rate will not be a limiting factor should the subadviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

Securities may be sold in anticipation of a rise in interest rates (market decline) or purchased in anticipation of a decline in interest rates (market rise) and later sold. In addition, a security may be sold and another security of comparable quality may be purchased at approximately the same time in order to take advantage of what the fund believes to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. These yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates, such as changes in overall demand for or supply of various types of tax exempt securities.

In the event that portfolio turnover increases, this increase necessarily results in correspondingly greater transaction costs which must be paid by the fund. To the extent portfolio trading results in realization of net short-term capital gains, shareholders will be taxed on such gains at ordinary tax rates. For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 and 2007, the portfolio turnover rates were 2% and 21%, respectively.

INVESTMENT POLICIES

The fund has adopted the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies below for the protection of shareholders. Fundamental investment policies cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding shares” of the fund, which is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting power of the fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the voting power of the fund are present in person or by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the voting power of the fund. The Board may change the non-fundamental restrictions at any time.

If any percentage restriction described below is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.

 

32


Fundamental Investment Policies

The fund’s fundamental policies are as follows:

 

  1. The fund may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  2. The fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  3. The fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  4. The fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  5. The fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  6. The fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

  7. Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the fund’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry.

 

  8. Under normal circumstances, the fund may not invest less than 80% of its assets (net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes), in Massachusetts municipal securities, or other investments with similar economic characteristics, the income from which is exempt from regular federal income taxes and Massachusetts personal income taxes.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowing, and thus, subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of a fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a fund’s net investment income in any given period. Currently the fund does not contemplate borrowing money for leverage, but if the fund does so, it will not likely do so to a substantial degree. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to permit a fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the

 

33


settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund’s investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans). While lending securities may be a source of income to a fund, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the fund’s manager or a sub-adviser believes the income justifies the attendant risks. The fund also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. A fund would have to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC to make loans to other funds. The policy in (3) above will be interpreted not to prevent a fund from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of a fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased to the extent of the fund’s gross assets. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate; however, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and

 

34


may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent a fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. If a fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy in (6) above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to investments in Massachusetts municipal securities set forth in (8) above, the fund considers any investments in Massachusetts municipal securities that pay interest subject to the AMT as part of the 80% of the fund’s assets that must be invested in Massachusetts municipal securities.

The fund’s fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

 

35


Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

Under the non-fundamental investment policies adopted by the fund, the fund may not:

 

  1. Purchase any securities on margin (except for such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities) or sell any securities short (except “against the box”). For purposes of this restriction, the deposit or payment by the fund of underlying securities and other assets in escrow and collateral agreements with respect to initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures contracts and related options and options on securities, indexes or similar items is not considered to be the purchase of a security on margin.

 

  2. Purchase or otherwise acquire any security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in securities that are illiquid.

 

  3. Purchase or sell oil and gas interests.

 

  4. Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control.

 

  5. Invest in securities of other investment companies, except as they may be acquired as part of a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets and except to the extent permitted by Section 12 of the 1940 Act (currently, up to 5% of the total assets of the fund and no more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company).

 

  6. Engage in the purchase or sale of put, call, straddle or spread options or in the writing of such options, except that the fund may make margin deposits in connection with municipal bond index and interest rate futures contracts and may purchase and sell options on municipal bond index and interest rate futures contracts.

MANAGEMENT

The business affairs of the fund are managed by or under the direction of the Board. The Board elects officers who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the fund and who execute policies authorized by the Board.

The current Trustees, including the Trustees of the fund who are not “interested persons” of the fund (the “Independent Trustees”) as defined in the 1940 Act, and executive officers of the fund, their years of birth, their principal occupations during at least the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of funds associated with Legg Mason the Trustees oversee, and other board memberships they hold are set forth below. The address of each Trustee is c/o R. Jay Gerken, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018.

 

36


The following information relates to the Trust’s recently elected Board of Trustees.

 

Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex
to be

Overseen
by Trustee
 

Other Board
Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Independent Trustees:

       

Elliott J. Berv

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   President and Chief Executive Officer, Catalyst (consulting) (since 1984); Chief Executive Officer, Rocket City Enterprises   68   Board Member, American Identity Corp. (doing business as Morpheus
      (media) (2000 to 2005)     Technologies) (biometric information management) (since 2001); Director, Lapoint Industries (industrial filter company) (since 2002); Director, Alzheimer’s Association (New England Chapter) (since 1998)

A. Benton Cocanougher

Born 1938

  Trustee   Since 1991   Dean Emeritus and Professor, Texas A&M University (since 2004); former Interim Chancellor, Texas A&M University System (2003 to 2004); former Special Advisor to the President, Texas A&M University (2002 to 2003); former Dean and Professor of Marketing, College and Graduate School of Business of Texas A&M University (1987 to 2001)   68   None

Jane F. Dasher

Born 1949

  Trustee   Since 1999   Chief Financial Officer, Korsant Partners, LLC (a family investment company)   68   None

 

37


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex
to be

Overseen
by Trustee
 

Other Board
Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Mark T. Finn

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   Adjunct Professor, College of William & Mary (since 2002); Principal/Member, Balvan Partners (investment management) (since 2002); Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Owner, Vantage Consulting Group, Inc. (investment management) (since 1988); formerly, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer, Lindner Asset Management Company (mutual fund company) (1999 to 2001); formerly, General Partner and Shareholder, Greenwich Ventures LLC (investment partnership) (1996 to 2001)   68   None

Rainer Greeven

Born 1936

  Trustee   Since 1994   Attorney, Rainer Greeven PC; President and Director, 62nd Street East Corporation (real estate) (since 2002)   68   None

Stephen Randolph Gross

Born 1947

  Trustee   Since 1986   Chairman, HLB Gross Collins, P.C. (accounting and consulting firm) (since 1979); Treasurer, Coventry Limited, Inc. (Senior Living Facilities) (since 1985); formerly, Managing Director, Fountainhead Ventures, L.L.C. (technology accelerator) (1998 to 2003); formerly, Treasurer, Hank Aaron Enterprises (fast food franchise) (1985 to 2001); formerly, Partner, Capital Investment Advisory Partners (leverage buyout consulting) (2000 to 2002); formerly, Secretary, Carint N.A. (manufacturing) (1998 to 2002)   68   Director, Andersen Calhoun (assisted living) (since 1987); formerly, Director, United Telesis, Inc. (telecommunications) (1997 to 2002); formerly, Director, ebank Financial Services, Inc. (1997 to 2004)

 

38


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex
to be

Overseen
by Trustee
 

Other Board
Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since 1985   Retired; formerly, Headmaster, The New Atlanta Jewish Community High School, Atlanta, Georgia (1996 to 2000)   68   None

Diana R. Harrington

Born 1940

  Trustee   Since 1992   Professor, Babson College (since 1992)   68   None

Susan M. Heilbron

Born 1945

  Trustee   Since 1994   Independent Consultant (since 2001); formerly, President, Lacey & Heilbron (communications consulting) (1990 to 2002)   68   None

Susan B. Kerley

Born 1951

  Trustee   Since 1992   Investment Consulting Partner, Strategic Management Advisers, LLC (investment consulting) (since 1990)   68   Chairman and Independent Board Member of Eclipse Fund, Inc. and Eclipse Funds (which trade as Mainstay Funds) (currently supervises 16 investment companies in the fund complex) (since 1991)

Alan G. Merten

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since 1990   President, George Mason University (since 1996)   68   Director, Cardinal Financial Corporation (since November 2006);Trustee, First Potomac Realty Trust (since 2005); Director, Xybernaut Corporation (information technology) (2004 to 2006); Director, Digital Net
          Holdings, Inc. (2003 to 2004); Director, Comshare, Inc. (information technology) (1985 to 2003); Director, BTG, Inc. (information systems) (1997 to 2001)

R. Richardson Pettit

Born 1942

  Trustee   Since 1990   Formerly, Duncan Professor of Finance, University of Houston (1977 to 2006)   68   None

 

39


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex
to be

Overseen
by Trustee
 

Other Board
Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Interested Trustee:

       

R. Jay Gerken, CFA

Born 1951

  Trustee, President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer   Since
2002
  Managing Director, Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Chairman of the Board, and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Chairman, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and Citi Fund Management, Inc. (“CFM”) (2002 to 2005); formerly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)   137   Former Trustee, Consulting Group Capital Markets Funds (2002 to 2006)

 

* Each Trustee serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.
** Indicates the earliest year in which the Trustee became a board member for a fund in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

Mr. Gerken is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because of his position with the manager and/or certain of its affiliates.

 

40


Name, Year of Birth

and Address

  

Position(s)

with Fund

   Term of Office*
and Length of

Time Served**
  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

Officers:

        

Ted P. Becker

Born 1951

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

   Chief Compliance Officer    Since 2006    Director of Global Compliance at Legg Mason, Inc. (since 2006); Managing Director of Compliance at Legg Mason & Co (since 2005); Chief Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006); Chief Compliance Officer of LMPFA and certain affiliates; Managing Director of Compliance at Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM,” a group of affiliated investment advisers, which included SBFM, Smith Barney Asset Management and CFM and other affiliated investment advisory entities) (2002 to 2005)

David Castano

Born 1971

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

   Controller    Since 2007    Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007). Previously, Assistant Treasurer of Lord Abbett mutual funds (2004 to 2006); Supervisor at UBS Global Asset Management (2003 to 2004). Prior to 2003, Accounting Manager at CAM

John Chiota

Born 1968

300 First Stamford Place,

Stamford, CT 06902

   Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer    Since 2006    Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Vice President at CAM (since 2004); Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006). Prior to August 2004, Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of TD Waterhouse

Robert I. Frenkel

Born 1954

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer    Since 2003    Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for CAM (since 2000); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2003). Previously, Secretary of CFM (2001 to 2004)

R. Jay Gerken, CFA

Born 1951

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

   Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer    Since 2002    Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co.; Chairman of the Board and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly Chairman of SBFM and CFM (2002 to 2005); formerly Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)

 

41


Name, Year of Birth

and Address

  

Position(s)

with Fund

   Term of Office*
and Length of

Time Served**
  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

Frances M. Guggino

Born 1957

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

   Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer    Since 2004    Director of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Director at CAM (1992 to 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with CAM (1992 to 2005)

Thomas C. Mandia

Born 1962

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2000    Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel for CAM (since 1992); Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co.

Matthew Plastina

Born 1970

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

   Controller    Since 2007   

Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason or its predecessor (since 1999); Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007). Previously, Assistant Controller

of certain mutual funds associated with

Legg Mason (2002 to 2007)

 

* Each officer serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.
** Indicates the earliest year in which the officer took office for any funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

Officers of the fund receive no compensation from the fund, although they may be reimbursed by the fund for reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses for attending Board meetings.

The Board has four standing Committees: the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Investment and Performance Committee (referred to as the Performance Committee) and Pricing Committee. Each of the Audit, Governance and Performance Committees is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Pricing Committee is composed of the Chairman of the Board and one Independent Trustee.

The Audit Committee oversees, among other things, the scope of the fund’s audit, the fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The primary purposes of the Board’s Audit Committee are to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the fund, and the qualifications and independence of the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the fund by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to its manager and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the fund’s operations and financial reporting.

The Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, recommending candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Governance Committee may consider nominees recommended by a shareholder. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Trust’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders.

 

42


The Governance Committee also identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts and may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The committee does not have specific, minimum qualifications for nominees, nor has it established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee, the Governance Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:

 

   

whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee;

 

   

whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with fund management, the investment adviser, service providers or their affiliates;

 

   

whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes;

 

   

whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee;

 

   

the contribution which the person can make to the Board (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the committee may consider relevant;

 

   

the character and integrity of the person; and

 

   

whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the retirement policies of the Trust, as applicable.

The Performance Committee is charged with, among other things, reviewing investment performance. The Performance Committee also assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for the review and negotiation of the fund’s investment management and subadvisory arrangements.

The Pricing Committee is charged with determining the fair value prices for securities when required.

As indicated above, the Trust’s Board is recently elected and is newly constituted as the Board that oversees all of the fixed-income-type funds in the fund complex. All members of the Board previously have served on predecessors to the boards of Legg Mason Partners funds. The newly constituted Board met four times during the fund’s last fiscal year. The Audit, Governance, Performance and Pricing Committees met two, two, two and six times, respectively, during the fund’s last fiscal year.

 

43


The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the fund and other investment companies in the fund complex supervised by the Trustees as of December 31, 2007.

 

Name

   Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities in

the Fund
   Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities In
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen
by Trustee

Independent Trustees:

     

Elliott J. Berv

   None    None

A. Benton Cocanougher

   None    Over $100,000

Jane F. Dasher

   None    Over $100,000

Mark T. Finn

   None    Over $100,000

Rainer Greeven

   None    $10,001-$50,000

Stephen Randolph Gross

   None    None

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

   None    Over $100,000

Diana R. Harrington

   None    $10,001-$50,000

Susan M. Heilbron

   None    $10,001-$50,000

Susan B. Kerley

   None    Over $100,000

Alan G. Merten

   None    Over $100,000

R. Richardson Pettit

   None    Over $100,000

Interested Trustee:

     

R. Jay Gerken

   None    Over $100,000

As of February 15, 2008, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the manager, Western Asset or LMIS, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the manager, the subadviser or the distributor of the fund.

Information regarding compensation paid by the fund to its recently elected Board and to its prior Board is set forth below. The Independent Trustees receive a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meetings attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. Mr. Gerken, an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, does not receive compensation from the fund for his service as Trustee, but may be reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.

The fund pays a pro rata share of the Trustee fees based upon asset size. The fund currently pays each of the Trustees who is not a director, officer or employee of the manager or any of its affiliates its pro rata share of: an annual fee of $160,000, plus $20,000 for each regularly scheduled Board meeting attended in person and $2,500 for certain telephonic Board and committee meetings in which that Trustee participates. The lead independent trustee will receive an additional $25,000 per year and the Chairs of the Audit Committee and Performance Committee will each receive an additional $15,000 per year.

 

44


Recently Elected Board

Information as to compensation paid to the current Trustees by the fund for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 and the total compensation from the fund complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2007 is shown in the following tables.

 

Name

   Aggregate
Compensation
from the
Fund
for Fiscal
Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Total Pension
or Retirement
Benefits Paid
as Part of
Fund Expenses
for Fiscal
Year Ended

November 30, 2007
    Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex Paid
to Trustee
for Fiscal
Year Ended

December 31, 2007
   Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
for Fiscal
Year Ended

November 30, 2007

Independent Trustees:

          

Elliott J. Berv

   $ 92      (1 )   $ 506,630    68

A. Benton Cocanougher

   $ 102      (1 )   $ 725,864    68

Jane F. Dasher

   $ 92    $ 0     $ 202,625    68

Mark T. Finn

   $ 92      (1 )   $ 505,579    68

Rainer Greeven

   $ 91    $ 0     $ 188,500    68

Stephen Randolph Gross

   $ 98      (1 )   $ 529,413    68

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

   $ 92    $ 0     $ 160,500    68

Diana R. Harrington

   $ 97      (1 )   $ 556,295    68

Susan M. Heilbron

   $ 92    $ 0     $ 190,500    68

Susan B. Kerley

   $ 92      (1 )   $ 417,484    68

Alan G. Merten

   $ 92      (1 )   $ 604,757    68

R. Richardson Pettit

   $ 90      (1 )   $ 620,475    68

Interested Trustee:

          

R. Jay Gerken(2)

   $ 0    $ 0     $ 0    137

 

(1) Pursuant to prior retirement plans, certain Trustees have received or are entitled to receive benefits as follows: Mr. Berv: $307,130; Mr. Cocanougher: $503,114; Mr. Finn: $306,079; Mr. Gross: $318,788; Ms. Harrington: $348,670; Ms. Kerley: $217,984; Mr. Merten: $405,257; and Mr. Pettit: $424,976. Each fund formerly overseen by these Trustees will pay a pro rata share (based upon asset size) of these benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed these funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits.
(2) Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his services as a Trustee because of his affiliation with the manager.

 

45


Prior Board

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the former trustees of the fund were paid the compensation listed below for service as a trustee.

 

     Aggregate
Compensation
from Fund
for Fiscal
Year Ended
November 30,
2007
   Total Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Paid as
Part of Fund
Expenses for
Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2007
 

Name

     

Independent Trustees:

     

Dwight B. Crane

   $ 225      (1 )

Burt N. Dorsett

   $ 60      (1 )

Stephen E. Kaufman

   $ 328      (1 )

Cornelius C. Rose, Jr.

   $ 304      (1 )

Interested Trustee:

     

R. Jay Gerken(2)

   $ 0    $ 0  

 

(1) Pursuant to prior emeritus retirement plans, the following former trustees have received or are entitled to receive benefits (calculated on a net present value basis) as follows: Mr. Barg: $392,886; Mr. Brody: $288,359; Mr. Crane: $444,643; Mr. Dorsett: $286,616; Mr. Jaffe: $286,616; Mr. Kaufman: $425,147; Mr. McCann: $221,176; and Mr. Rose: $286,616. Benefits under the emeritus retirement plans are paid in quarterly installments unless the trustee elected to receive them in a lump sum at net present value. Each fund no longer overseen by these trustees will pay its pro rata share (based on asset size) of these aggregate benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed the funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits.
(2) Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his services as a trustee because of his affiliation with the manager.

As of February 15, 2008, all Trustees and officers of the fund as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the fund.

To the knowledge of the fund, as of February 21, 2008, the following persons owned beneficially or of record 5% or more, as indicated, of the shares of the following classes of the fund:

 

Class

  

Name and Address

   Percentage
of Class

A

  

MLPF&S

Fund Administration

4800 Deer Lake Drive East 3rd Floor

Jacksonville, FL 32246

   9.08%

A

  

Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc

Mutual Fund Operations

Harborside Financial Center

Plaza Two

Jersey City, NJ 07311

   6.3%

B

  

Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc

Mutual Fund Operations

Harborside Financial Center

Plaza Two

Jersey City, NJ 07311

   13.0%

 

46


Class

  

Name and Address

   Percentage
of Class

C

  

MLPF&S

Fund Administration

4800 Deer Lake Drive East 3rd Floor

Jacksonville, FL 32246

   16.3%

C

  

Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc

Mutual Fund Operations

Harborside Financial Center

Plaza Two

Jersey City, NJ 07311

   11.8%

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

Manager

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) serves as investment manager to the fund pursuant to the Management Agreement. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, also serves as the investment manager of certain other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. As of December 31, 2007, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $193 billion. LMPFA is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of December 31, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operation had aggregate assets under management of approximately $998 billion. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the fund.

Under the Management Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the fund’s Board, the manager is delegated the responsibility of managing the fund’s portfolio in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective and policies, making investment decisions for the fund and placing orders to purchase and sell securities. The manager also performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of the fund, such as (i) supervising the overall administration of the fund, including negotiation of contracts and fees with and the monitoring of performance and billings of the fund’s transfer agent, shareholder servicing agents, custodian and other independent contractors or agents, (ii) providing certain compliance, fund accounting, regulatory reporting, and tax reporting services, (iii) preparing or participating in the preparation of Board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to shareholders, (iv) maintaining the fund’s existence, and (v) maintaining the registration and qualification of the fund’s shares under federal and state laws.

The Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the fund’s Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose.

The Management Agreement provides that the manager may render services to others. The Management Agreement is terminable without penalty on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice by the fund when authorized either by a vote of holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) or by a vote of a majority of the fund’s Trustees, or by the manager on not less than 90 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act. The Management Agreement provides that neither the manager nor its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of security transactions for the fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of its or their obligations and duties.

 

47


For its services under the Management Agreement, LMPFA receives an investment management fee that is calculated daily and payable monthly according to the following schedule:

 

Average Daily Net Assets

   Investment
Management
Fee Rate

First $500 million

   0.50%

In excess of $500 million

   0.48%

The manager has agreed to waive management fees and/or reimburse expenses at the rate necessary to limit total annual operating expenses for Class A to 0.75% of average net assets. The manager has also agreed to waive management fees and/or reimburse expenses for Class B, Class C, Class FI and Class I at the same rate as it waives fees and/or reimburses expenses for Class A. The manager may change or eliminate the voluntary expense limitation at any time.

For the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) served as the fund’s manager under the same fee schedule as described above.

For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the fund incurred management fees of $198,904, $349,254 and $468,215, respectively.

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007 the manager waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses in the amount of $35,250, $90,578 and $170,724, respectively.

Prior to December 1, 2005, SBFM served as investment adviser and administrator to the fund pursuant to separate investment advisory and administration agreements and received separate investment advisory and administrative fees.

Prior to December 1, 2005, the fund paid investment advisory fees at the rate of 0.30% of the fund’s average daily net assets.

Prior to December 1, 2005, the fund paid administrative fees at the rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average daily net assets up to $500 million and 0.18% of the fund’s average daily net assets in excess of $500 million.

For the periods below, the fund paid administrative fees to SBFM as follows:

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended
November 30:

2005

 

2006

 

2007

$132,602   N/A   N/A

Subadviser

Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “subadviser”) serves as the subadviser to pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset acts as investment adviser to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of December 31, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion. Western Asset is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.

Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board and the manager, the subadviser will manage the fund’s portfolio (or allocated portion thereof) in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective(s) and policies, assist in supervising all aspects of the fund’s operations, make investment decisions for the fund, place orders to purchase and sell securities, and employ professional portfolio managers and securities analysts who provide research services to the fund.

 

48


The Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate the Sub-Advisory Agreement without penalty, in each case on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the subadviser. The subadviser may terminate the Sub-Advisory Agreement on 90 days’ written notice to the fund and the manager. The manager and the subadviser may terminate the Sub-Advisory Agreement upon their mutual written consent. The Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act) by the subadviser and shall not be assignable by the manager without the consent of the subadviser.

As compensation for its sub-advisory services, the manager will pay the subadviser a fee equal to 70% of the management fee paid to LMPFA, net of expense waivers and reimbursements. For the period from August 1, 2006 through November 30, 2006, and for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the manager paid the subadviser a fee of $65,924 and $208,243, respectively.

Expenses

In addition to amounts payable under the Management Agreement and the Distribution Plan (as discussed below), the fund is responsible for its own expenses, including, among other things: interest; taxes; governmental fees; voluntary assessments and other expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; organization costs of the fund; the cost (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any) in connection with the purchase or sale of the fund’s securities and other investments and any losses in connection therewith; fees and expenses of custodians, transfer agents, registrars, independent pricing vendors or other agents; legal expenses; loan commitment fees; expenses relating to share certificates; expenses relating to the issuing and redemption or repurchase of the fund’s shares and servicing shareholder accounts; expenses of registering and qualifying the fund’s shares for sale under applicable federal and state law; expenses of preparing, setting in print, printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information and any supplements thereto, reports, proxy statements, notices and dividends to the fund’s shareholders; costs of stationery; website costs; costs of meetings of the Board or any committee thereof, meetings of shareholders and other meetings of the fund; Board fees; audit fees; travel expenses of officers, Trustees and employees of the fund, if any; and the fund’s pro rata portion of premiums on any fidelity bond and other insurance covering the fund and its officers, Trustees and employees; litigation expenses and any nonrecurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the fund is a party and the legal obligation which the fund may have to indemnify the fund’s Trustees and officers with respect thereto.

Management may agree to waive fees and/or reimburse operating expenses for one or more classes of shares, either through contractual or voluntary arrangements. Any such waivers and/ or reimbursements are described in the fund’s Prospectus. The contractual and voluntary fee waivers and/ or reimbursements do not cover extraordinary expenses, such as (a) any expenses or charges related to litigation, derivative actions, demand related to litigation, regulatory or other government investigations and proceedings, “for cause” regulatory inspections and indemnification or advancement of related expenses or costs, to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time; (b) transaction costs (such as brokerage commissions and dealer and underwriter spreads) and taxes; and (c) other extraordinary expenses as determined for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time. Without limiting the foregoing, extraordinary expenses are generally those that are unusual or expected to recur only infrequently, and may include such expenses, by way of illustration, as (i) expenses of the reorganization, restructuring, redomiciling or merger of the fund or class or the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of another fund or class; (ii) expenses of holding, and soliciting proxies for, a meeting of shareholders of the fund or class (except to the extent relating to routine items such as the election of board members or the approval of the independent

 

49


registered public accounting firm); and (iii) expenses of converting to a new custodian, transfer agent or other service provider, in each case to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time.

Code of Ethics

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the fund, the manager, the subadviser and the distributor have each adopted Codes of Ethics that permit personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the Codes of Ethics and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.

Copies of the Codes of Ethics of the fund, the manager, the subadviser and the distributor are on file with the SEC.

Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures

Although individual Trustees may not agree with particular policies or votes by the manager or the subadviser, the Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to the manager and/or the subadviser, believing that the manager and/or the subadviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

LMPFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for the fund, to the subadviser through its contracts with the subadviser. The subadviser will use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, LMPFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for the fund. Should LMPFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of the subadviser to provide investment advisory services, LMPFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent subadviser to vote proxies until a new subadviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of LMPFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at LMPFA) and the fund, the Board of Directors of LMPFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. LMPFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that LMPFA votes proxies. LMPFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from the subadviser and providing them to the fund as required for the fund to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.

The subadviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures govern in determining how proxies relating to the fund’s portfolio securities are voted and are attached as Appendix D to this SAI. Information regarding how the fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge (1) by calling (888) 425-6432, (2) on the fund’s website at http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, has been selected to audit and report on the fund’s financial statements and financial highlights for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2008.

Counsel

Bingham McCutchen LLP, located at 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-1726 serves as counsel to the fund.

 

50


Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at 1666 K Street, N.W., Washington DC 20006, serves as counsel to the Independent Trustees.

Custodian and Transfer Agent

State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the custodian of the fund. State Street, among other things: maintains a custody account or accounts in the name of the fund; receives and delivers all assets for the fund upon purchase and upon sale or maturity; collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the assets of the fund; and makes disbursements on behalf of the fund. State Street neither determines the fund’s investment policies, nor decides which securities the fund will buy or sell. For its services, State Street receives a monthly fee based upon the daily average market value of securities held in custody and also receives securities transaction charges, including out-of-pocket expenses. The fund may also periodically enter into arrangements with other qualified custodians with respect to certain types of securities or other transactions such as repurchase agreements or derivatives transactions. State Street may also acts as the fund’s securities lending agent, and in that case, would receive a share of the income generated by such activities.

PFPC Inc. (“PFPC” or the “transfer agent”), located at 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, serves as the fund’s transfer agent. Under the transfer agency agreement, the transfer agent maintains the shareholder account records for the fund, handles certain communications between shareholders and the fund and distributes dividends and distributions payable by the fund. For these services, the transfer agent receives a monthly fee computed on the basis of the number of shareholder accounts it maintains for the fund during the month, and is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses.

PORTFOLIO MANAGER DISCLOSURE

The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of November 30, 2007.

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies, for each portfolio manager, the number of accounts (other than the fund with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. Unless otherwise noted, no accounts shown are subject to fees based on performance.

 

Portfolio

Managers

  

Registered

Investment Companies

  

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

  

Other Accounts

S. Kenneth Leech

   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management    245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management    1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

Stephen A. Walsh

   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management    245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management    1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

 

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Portfolio

Managers

  

Registered

Investment Companies

  

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

  

Other Accounts

Robert E. Amodeo

   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management    1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management    22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

Joseph P. Deane

   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management    1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management    22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

David T. Fare

   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management    1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management    22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

Portfolio Manager Compensation

Western Asset’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation “target” and a respective cap, which are derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience, and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits, and a retirement plan.

In addition, the subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. One of the principal factors considered is a portfolio manager’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s prospectus to which the fund’s average annual total returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s annual report). Performance is reviewed on a 1, 3 and 5 year basis for compensation with 3 years having the most emphasis. The subadviser may also measure a portfolio manager’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because portfolio managers are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the fund) with similar investment strategies, they are generally compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account, though relative performance against the stated benchmark and its applicable Lipper peer group is also considered. A smaller portion of a bonus payment is derived from factors that include client service, business development, length of service to the subadviser, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to the subadviser’s business.

Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These were determined based upon the factors described above and include Legg Mason stock options and long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.

 

52


Potential Conflicts of Interest

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when the fund’s portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for all the portfolio managers listed in the table above.

The manager, the subadviser and the fund have adopted compliance polices and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the manager, the subadviser and the individuals that they employ. For example, the manager and the subadviser each seek to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The manager and the subadviser have also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the manager, the subadviser and the fund will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear. These potential conflicts include:

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit the fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or account that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio managers determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. For this reason, the subadviser has formed a brokerage committee that reviews, among other things, the allocation of brokerage to brokers/dealers, best execution and soft dollar usage.

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to a portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or a portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or

 

53


accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment manager and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

Related Business Opportunities. The investment manager or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of funds or accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of fund and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the investment manager and its affiliates.

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

The table below identifies ownership of fund securities by each portfolio manager.

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities in the Fund

S. Kenneth Leech

  None

Stephen A. Walsh

  None

Robert E. Amodeo

  None

Joseph P. Deane

  None

David T. Fare

  None

DISTRIBUTION

Distributor

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS” or the “distributor”), a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, located at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as the fund’s sole and exclusive distributor pursuant to a written agreement dated December 1, 2005 (the “distribution agreement”). Prior to December 1, 2007, CGMI, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”), served as the fund’s distributor along with LMIS.

The distributor’s obligation is an agency or “best efforts” arrangement under which the distributor is required to take and pay only for such shares of the fund as may be sold to the public. The distributor is not obligated to sell any stated number of shares. The distribution agreement is renewable from year to year if approved (a) by the Trustees or by a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the fund’s outstanding voting securities, and (b) by the affirmative vote of a majority of Independent Trustees who are not parties to such agreement by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The distribution agreement provides that it will terminate if assigned, and that it may be terminated without penalty by either party on 60 days’ written notice.

In addition, the distributor may make payments for distribution and/or shareholder servicing activities out of its past profits and other available sources. The distributor may also make payments to dealers for marketing, promotional or related expenses. The amount of these payments is determined by the distributor and may be substantial. The manager or an affiliate may make similar payments under similar arrangements.

LMIS may be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act.

 

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Initial Sales Charges

The aggregate dollar amount of initial sales charges on Class shares received by LMIS, CGMI and its affiliates during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were as follows:

Class A Shares

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005*

Class A

   $ 48,206    $ 0    $ 30,191

 

* All initial sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 were paid to CGMI.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges

The aggregate dollar amount of contingent deferred sales charges on Class A, Class B and Class C shares received by LMIS, CGMI and its affiliates during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were as follows:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005*

Class A

   $ 10,927    $ 0    $ 0

Class B

   $ 7,924    $ 9,423    $ 21,248

Class C

   $ 2,233    $ 218    $ 286

 

* All contingent deferred sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 were paid to CGMI.

Services and Distribution Plan Arrangements

The fund has adopted an amended shareholder services and distribution plan (the “Distribution Plan”) pursuant to Rule l2b-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to its Class A, Class B, Class C and Class FI shares. Under the Distribution Plan, the fund pays service and distribution fees to LMIS for the services LMIS provides and expenses LMIS bears with respect to the distribution of Class A, Class B, Class C and Class FI shares and services LMIS provides to Class A, Class B, Class C and Class FI shareholders. Under the Distribution Plan, the fund pays monthly fees at the annual rate not to exceed 0.15% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class A shares, not to exceed 0.65% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class B shares, not to exceed 0.70% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class C shares and not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class FI shares.

Fees under the Distribution Plan may be used to make payments to the distributor for distribution services, to Service Agents in respect of the sale of shares of the fund, and to other parties in respect of the sale of shares of the fund, and to make payments for advertising, marketing or other promotional activity, and payments for preparation, printing, and distribution of prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports for recipients other than regulators and existing shareholders. The fund also may make payments to the distributor, Service Agents and others for providing personal service or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The amounts paid to each recipient may vary based upon certain factors, including, among other things, the levels of sales of fund shares and/or shareholder services provided; provided, however, that the fees paid to a recipient with respect to a particular class that may be used to cover expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of that class, or that may be used to cover expenses primarily intended for personal service and/or maintenance of shareholder accounts, may not exceed the maximum amounts, if any, as may from time to time be permitted for such services under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Conduct Rule 2830 or any successor rule, in each case as amended or interpreted by FINRA.

The Distribution Plan also provides that the distributor and Service Agents may receive all or a portion of the sales charges paid by Class A, Class B, Class C and Class FI investors.

 

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The Distribution Plan permits the fund to pay fees to the distributor, Service Agents and others as compensation for their services, not as reimbursement for specific expenses incurred. Thus, even if their expenses exceed the fees provided for by the Distribution Plan, the fund will not be obligated to pay more than those fees and, if their expenses are less than the fees paid to them, they will realize a profit. The fund may pay the fees to the distributor and others until the Distribution Plan or Distribution Agreement is terminated or not renewed. In that event, the distributor’s or other recipient’s expenses in excess of fees received or accrued through the termination date will be the distributor’s or other recipient’s sole responsibility and not obligations of the fund. In their annual consideration of the continuation of the Distribution Plan for the fund, the Trustees will review the Distribution Plan and the expenses for each class within the fund separately.

The Distribution Plan also recognizes that various service providers to the fund, such as the manager, may make payments for distribution related expenses out of their own resources, including past profits, or payments received from the fund for other purposes, such as management fees, and that the fund’s distributor or Service Agents may from time to time use their own resources for distribution-related services, in addition to the fees paid under the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan specifically provides that, to the extent that such payments might be deemed to be indirect financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the fund within the context of Rule 12b-1, then the payments are deemed to be authorized by the Distribution Plan, if permitted under applicable law.

Under its terms, the Distribution Plan continues in effect for one year and thereafter for successive annual periods, provided such continuance is approved annually by vote of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the amount of the service and distribution fees without shareholder approval, and all amendments of the Distribution Plan also must be approved by the Trustees, including all of the Independent Trustees, in the manner described above. The Distribution Plan may be terminated with respect to a class at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such class of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act).

As contemplated by the Distribution Plan, the distributor acts as an agent of the Trust in connection with the offering of shares of the fund pursuant to Distribution Agreement.

The following service and distribution fees were incurred by the fund pursuant to the Distribution Plan during the periods indicated:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005

Class A

   $ 116,986    $ 79,475    $ 68,933

Class B

   $ 53,261    $ 80,654    $ 102,068

Class C

   $ 52,208    $ 31,211    $ 32,500

Distribution expenses incurred by LMIS and/or CGMI, as applicable, for advertising, printing and mailing prospectuses, support services and overhead expenses, payments to their financial advisers or registered representative and for accruals for interest on expenses incurred in the distribution of the fund’s shares for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 are set forth in the following tables:

 

CGMI                         
     Financial
Consultants
Compensation
   Third Party
Service Fees
   Branch
Operations

Expense
   Marketing
Distribution
   Total
Expenses

Class A

   $ 26,629    $ 39,818    $ 0    $ 0    $ 66,447

Class B

   $ 3,449    $ 5,033    $ 0    $ 0    $ 8,481

Class C

   $ 9,004    $ 13,175    $ 0    $ 0    $ 22,179

 

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LMIS          
     Financial
Consultants
Compensation
   Third Party
Service Fees
   Marketing
Distribution
   Printing
Expenses
   Total
Expenses

Class A

   $ 47,606    $ 0    $ 0    $ 0    $ 47,606

Class B

   $ 3,869    $ 20,104    $ 1,477    $ 103    $ 25,553

Class C

   $ 4,631    $ 16,382    $ 20,769    $ 807    $ 42,589

Dealer reallowances are described in the fund’s prospectus.

PURCHASE OF SHARES

General

Investors may purchase shares from a Service Agent. In addition, certain investors may purchase shares directly from the fund. When purchasing shares of the fund, investors must specify whether the purchase is for Class A, B, C, FI or I* shares. Service Agents may charge their customers an annual account maintenance fee in connection with a brokerage account through which an investor purchases or holds shares. Accounts held directly the transfer agent are not subject to a maintenance fee.

For additional information regarding applicable investment minimums and eligibility requirements, please see the fund’s prospectus.

There are no minimum investment requirements for purchases of Class A shares by: (i) current and retired board members of Legg Mason; (ii) current and retired board members of any fund advised by LMPFA (such board members, together with board members of Legg Mason, Inc., are referred to herein as “Board Members”); (iii) current employees of Legg Mason, Inc. and its subsidiaries; (iv) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21); and (v) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons. The fund reserves the right to waive or change minimums, to decline any order to purchase its shares and to suspend the offering of shares from time to time.

Purchase orders received by the fund or a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on any day the fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day (the “trade date”). Orders received by a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE on any day the fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day, provided the order is received by the fund’s agent prior to its close of business. Payment must be made with the purchase order.

Systematic Investment Plan. Shareholders may make additions to their accounts at any time by purchasing shares through a service known as the Systematic Investment Plan. Under the Systematic Investment Plan, the distributor or the transfer agent is authorized through preauthorized transfers of at least $25 on a monthly, quarterly, every alternate month, semi-annual or annual basis to charge the shareholder’s account held with a bank or other financial institution as indicated by the shareholder, to provide for systematic additions to the shareholder’s fund account. A shareholder who has insufficient funds to complete the transfer will be charged a fee of up to $25 by the distributor or the transfer agent. Additional information is available from the fund or a Service Agent.

 

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* As of November 20, 2006, Class Y Shares were renamed Class I Shares.


Sales Charge Alternatives

The following classes of shares are available for purchase. See the Prospectus for a discussion of who is eligible to purchase certain classes and of factors to consider in selecting which class of shares to purchase.

Class A Shares. Class A shares are sold to investors at the public offering price, which is the net asset value (“NAV”) plus an initial sales charge, as described in the fund’s prospectus.

Members of the selling group may receive a portion of the sales charge as described in the fund’s prospectus and may be deemed to be underwriters of the fund as defined in the 1933 Act. Sales charges are calculated based on the aggregate of purchases of Class A shares of the fund made at one time by any “person,” which includes an individual and his or her spouse and children under the age of 21, or a trustee or other fiduciary of a single trust estate or single fiduciary account.

For additional information regarding sales charge reductions, see “Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions” below.

Purchases of Class A shares of $1,000,000 or more will be made at NAV without any initial sales charge, but will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% on redemptions made within 12 months of purchase. The contingent deferred sales charge is waived in the same circumstances in which the contingent deferred sales charge applicable to Class B and C shares is waived. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions” and “Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” below.

Class B and C Shares. Class B and C shares are sold without an initial sales charge but are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge payable upon certain redemptions. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions.”

Class FI and I Shares. Class FI and I shares are sold at NAV with no initial sales charge and no contingent deferred sales charge upon redemption.

Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions

Initial Sales Charge Waivers. Purchases of Class A shares may be made at NAV without an initial sales charge in the following circumstances:

(a) sales to (i) current and retired board members of Legg Mason, (ii) current and retired Board Members, (iii) current employees of Legg Mason, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (iv) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21), and (v) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons;

(b) sales to any employees of Service Agents having dealer, service or other selling agreements with the fund’s distributor or otherwise having an arrangement with any such Service Agent with respect to sales of fund shares, and by the immediate families of such persons or by a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons (providing the purchase is made for investment purposes and such securities will not be resold except through redemption or repurchase);

(c) offers of Class A shares to any other investment company to effect the combination of such company with the fund by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise;

(d) purchases by shareholders who have redeemed Class A shares in the fund (or Class A shares of another Legg Mason Partners fund that is offered with a sales charge) and who wish to reinvest their redemption proceeds in the fund, provided the reinvestment is made within 60 calendar days of the redemption;

 

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(e) purchases by accounts managed by registered investment advisory subsidiaries of Citigroup;

(f) purchases by certain separate accounts used to fund unregistered variable annuity contracts; and

(g) purchases by investors participating in “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by (affiliated and non-affiliated) broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with LMIS.

In order to obtain such discounts, the purchaser must provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to permit verification that the purchase qualifies for the elimination of the sales charge.

Accumulation Privilege—Please see the fund’s prospectus for information regarding accumulation privileges.

Letter of Intent—helps you take advantage of breakpoints in Class A sales charges. You may purchase Class A shares of Legg Mason Partners funds over a 13-month period and pay the same sales charge, if any, as if all shares had been purchased at once. You have a choice of five Asset Level Goal amounts, as follows:

 

(1) $100,000

  

(4) $750,000

(2) $250,000

  

(5) $1,000,000

(3) $500,000

  

Each time you make a Class A purchase under a Letter of Intent, you will be entitled to the sales charge that is applicable to the amount of your Asset Level Goal. For example, if your Asset Level Goal is $100,000, any Class A investments you make under a Letter of Intent would be subject to the sales charge of the specific fund you are investing in for purchases of $100,000. Sales charges and breakpoints vary among the Legg Mason Partners funds.

When you enter into a Letter of Intent, you agree to purchase in Eligible Accounts over a thirteen (13) month period Eligible Fund Purchases in an amount equal to the Asset Level Goal you have selected, less any Eligible Prior Purchases. For this purpose, shares are valued at the public offering price (including any sales charge paid) calculated as of the date of purchase, plus any appreciation in the value of the shares as of the date of calculation, except for Eligible Prior Purchases, which are valued at current value as of the date of calculation. Your commitment will be met if at any time during the 13-month period the value, as so determined, of eligible holdings is at least equal to your Asset Level Goal. All reinvested dividends and distributions on shares acquired under the Letter will be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. You may include any Eligible Fund Purchases towards the Letter, including shares of classes other than Class A shares. However, a Letter of Intent will not entitle you to a reduction in the sales charge payable on any shares other than Class A shares, and if the shares are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, you will still be subject to that contingent deferred sales charge with respect to those shares. You must make reference to the Letter of Intent each time you make a purchase under the Letter.

Eligible Fund Purchases. Generally, any shares of a Legg Mason Partners fund may be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. Shares of certain money market funds advised by the manager or its affiliates (except for money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Legg Mason Partners funds offered with a sales charge), Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund and Class O shares of Legg Mason Partners Equity Fund are not eligible. This list may change from time to time. Investors should check with their Service Agent to see which funds may be eligible.

 

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Eligible Accounts. Purchases may be made through any account in your name, or in the name of your spouse or your children under the age of 21. You may need to provide certain records, such as account statements, in order to verify your eligibility for reduced sales charges. Contact your Service Agent to see which accounts may be credited toward your Asset Level Goal.

Eligible Prior Purchases. You may also credit towards your Asset Level Goal any Eligible Fund Purchases made in Eligible Accounts at any time prior to entering into the Letter of Intent that have not been sold or redeemed, based on the current price of those shares as of the date of calculation.

Purchases made 90 days prior to the 13-month period are also eligible to be treated as purchases made under the Letter of Intent. Any Eligible Fund Purchases in Eligible Accounts made during that period will count towards your Asset Level Goal and will also be eligible for the lower sales charge applicable to your Asset Level Goal. You will be credited by way of additional shares at the current offering price for the difference between (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for those eligible shares, and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for your Asset Level Goal.

Increasing the Amount of the Letter. You may at any time increase your Asset Level Goal. You must, however, contact your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, contact PFPC, prior to making any purchases in an amount in excess of your current Asset Level Goal. Upon such an increase, you will be credited by way of additional shares at the then current offering price for the difference between: (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for shares already purchased under the Letter; and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for the increased Asset Level Goal. The 13-month period during which the Asset Level Goal must be achieved will remain unchanged.

Sales and Exchanges. Shares acquired pursuant to a Letter of Intent, other than Escrowed Shares as defined below, may be redeemed or exchanged at any time, although any shares that are redeemed prior to meeting your Asset Level Goal will no longer count towards meeting your Asset Level Goal. However, complete liquidation of purchases made under a Letter of Intent prior to meeting the Asset Level Goal will result in the cancellation of the Letter of Intent. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below. Exchanges in accordance with the fund’s prospectus are permitted, and shares so exchanged will continue to count towards your Asset Level Goal, as long as the exchange results in an Eligible Fund Purchase.

Cancellation of Letter. You may cancel a Letter of Intent by notifying your Service Agent in writing, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, by notifying PFPC in writing. The Letter of Intent will be automatically cancelled if all shares are sold or redeemed as set forth above. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below.

Escrowed Shares. Shares equal in value to five percent (5%) of your Asset Level Goal as of the date your Letter of Intent (or the date of any increase in the amount of the Letter) is accepted, will be held in escrow during the term of your Letter of Intent. The Escrowed Shares will be included in the total shares owned as reflected in your account statement and any dividends and capital gains distributions applicable to the Escrowed Shares will be credited to your account and counted towards your Asset Level Goal or paid in cash upon request. The Escrowed Shares will be released from escrow if all the terms of your Letter of Intent are met.

Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal. If the total assets under your Letter of Intent within its 13-month term are less than your Asset Level Goal or you elect to liquidate all of your holdings or cancel the Letter of Intent before reaching your Asset Level Goal, you will be liable for the difference between: (a) the sales charge actually paid and (b) the sales charge that would have applied if you had not entered into the Letter of Intent. You may, however, be entitled to any breakpoints that would have been available to you under the accumulation privilege. An appropriate number of shares in your account will be redeemed to realize the amount due. For these purposes, by entering into a Letter of Intent, you irrevocably appoint your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, PFPC, as your attorney-in-fact for the purposes of holding the Escrowed Shares and

 

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surrendering shares in your account for redemption. If there are insufficient assets in your account, you will be liable for the difference. Any Escrowed Shares remaining after such redemption will be released to your account.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions

“Contingent deferred sales charge shares” are: (a) Class B shares; (b) Class C shares; and (c) Class A shares that were purchased without an initial sales charge but are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. A contingent deferred sales charge may be imposed on certain redemptions of these shares.

Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge will be assessed on the net asset value at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is less.

Class C shares and Class A shares that are contingent deferred sales charge shares are subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. In circumstances in which the contingent deferred sales charge is imposed on Class B shares, the amount of the charge will depend on the number of years since the shareholder made the purchase payment from which the amount is being redeemed, as further described in the prospectus. Solely for purposes of determining the number of years since a purchase payment, all purchase payments made during a month will be aggregated and deemed to have been made on the last day of the preceding statement month.

Class B shares will convert automatically to Class A shares approximately eight years after the date on which they were purchased, and thereafter, will no longer be subject to any distribution fees. There will also be converted at that time such proportion of Class B dividend shares (Class B shares that were acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and distributions) owned by the shareholders as the total number of his or her Class B shares converting at the time bears to the total number of outstanding Class B shares (other than Class B dividend shares) owned by the shareholder.

In determining the applicability of any contingent deferred sales charge, it will be assumed that a redemption is made first of shares representing capital appreciation, next of shares representing the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions, next of shares that are not subject to the contingent deferred sales charge and finally of other shares held by the shareholder for the longest period of time. The length of time that contingent deferred sales charge shares acquired through an exchange have been held will be calculated from the date the shares exchanged were initially acquired in one of the other Legg Mason Partners funds. For federal income tax purposes, the amount of the contingent deferred sales charge will reduce the gain or increase the loss, as the case may be, on the amount realized on redemption. The fund’s distributor receives contingent deferred sales charges in partial consideration for the expenses in selling shares.

Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

The contingent deferred sales charge will be waived on: (a) exchanges (see “Exchange Privilege”); (b) automatic cash withdrawals in amounts equal to or less than 2.00% of the shareholder’s account balance at the time the withdrawals commence per month, up to a maximum of 12% in one year (see “Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan”); (c) redemptions of shares within 12 months following the death or disability (as defined in the Code) of the shareholder; (d) involuntary redemptions; (e) redemptions of shares to effect a combination of the fund with any investment company by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise; (f) tax-free returns of an excess contribution to any retirement plan; and (g) certain redemptions of shares of a fund in connection with lump-sum or other distributions made by eligible retirement plans or redemption of shares by participants in certain “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs sponsored by broker/dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor or the manager.

A shareholder who has redeemed shares from other Legg Mason Partners funds may, under certain circumstances, reinvest all or part of the redemption proceeds within 60 days and receive pro rata credit for any contingent deferred sales charge imposed on the prior redemption.

 

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Contingent deferred sales charge waivers will be granted subject to confirmation by the distributor or the transfer agent of the shareholder’s status or holdings, as the case may be.

Determination of Public Offering Price

The fund offers its shares on a continuous basis. The public offering price for each class of shares of the fund is equal to the net asset value per share at the time of purchase, plus for Class A shares, an initial sales charge based on the aggregate amount of the investment. A contingent deferred sales charge, however, is imposed on certain redemptions of Class A, B and C shares.

Set forth below is an example of the method of computing the offering price of the Class A shares of the fund, based on the net asset value of a share of the fund as of November 30, 2007.

 

Class A (based on a net asset value of $12.76 and a maximum initial sales charge of 4.25%)

   $ 13.33

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (a) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings), (b) when trading in the markets the fund normally utilizes is restricted, or an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the fund’s investments or determination of net asset value is not reasonably practicable, or (c) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of the fund’s shareholders.

If the shares to be redeemed were issued in certificate form, the certificates must be endorsed for transfer (or be accompanied by an endorsed stock power) and must be submitted to PFPC together with the redemption request. Any signature appearing on a share certificate, stock power or written redemption request in excess of $50,000 must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution such as a domestic bank, savings and loan institution, domestic credit union, member bank of the Federal Reserve System or member firm of a national securities exchange. Written redemption requests of $50,000 or less do not require a signature guarantee unless more than one such redemption request is made in any 10-day period. Redemption proceeds will be mailed to an investor’s address of record. The transfer agent may require additional supporting documents for redemptions made by corporations, executors, administrators, trustees or guardians. A redemption request will not be deemed properly received until the transfer agent receives all required documents in proper form.

If a shareholder holds shares in more than one class, any request for redemption must specify the class being redeemed. In the event of a failure to specify which class, or if the investor owns fewer shares of the class than specified, the redemption request will be delayed until the transfer agent receives further instructions. The redemption proceeds will be remitted on or before the seventh business day following receipt of proper tender, except on any days on which the NYSE is closed or as permitted under the 1940 Act, in extraordinary circumstances. Redemption proceeds for shares purchased by check, other than a certified or official bank check, will be remitted upon clearance of the check, which may take up to ten days. Each Service Agent is responsible for transmitting promptly orders for its customers.

The Service Agent may charge you a fee for executing your order. The amount and applicability of such a fee is determined and disclosed to its customers by each Service Agent.

The fund no longer issues share certificates. Outstanding share certificates will continue to be honored. If you hold share certificates, it will take longer to exchange or redeem shares.

Additional Information Regarding Telephone Redemption and Exchange Program. Neither the fund nor its agents will be liable for following instructions communicated by telephone that are reasonably believed to be

 

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genuine. The fund and its agents will employ procedures designed to verify the identity of the caller and legitimacy of instructions (for example, a shareholder’s name and account number will be required and phone calls may be recorded). The fund reserves the right to suspend, modify or discontinue the telephone redemption and exchange program or to impose a charge for this service at any time following at least seven (7) days’ prior notice to shareholders.

Distributions in Kind

If the Board determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, the fund may pay, in accordance with SEC rules, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the fund’s net assets by a distribution in kind of fund securities in lieu of cash. If a redemption is paid in portfolio securities, such securities will be valued in accordance with the procedures described under “Share Price” in the fund’s prospectus. Securities issued as a distribution in kind may incur brokerage commissions when shareholders subsequently sell those securities.

Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan

An automatic cash withdrawal plan (the “Withdrawal Plan”) is available to shareholders as described in the fund’s prospectus. To the extent withdrawals under the Withdrawal Plan exceed dividends, distributions and appreciation of a shareholder’s investment in the fund, there will be a reduction in the value of the shareholder’s investment, and continued withdrawal payments may reduce the shareholder’s investment and ultimately exhaust it. Withdrawal payments should not be considered as income from investment in the fund. Furthermore, as it generally would not be advantageous to a shareholder to make additional investments in the fund at the same time he or she is participating in the Withdrawal Plan, purchases by such shareholder in amounts of less than $5,000 ordinarily will not be permitted. The Withdrawal Plan will be carried over on exchanges between funds or classes of the fund. All dividends and distributions on shares in the Withdrawal Plan are reinvested automatically at net asset value in additional shares of the fund.

Shareholders who wish to participate in the Withdrawal Plan and who hold their shares in certificate form must deposit their share certificates with the transfer agent as agent for Withdrawal Plan members. For additional information shareholders should contact their Service Agent. A shareholder who purchases shares directly through the transfer agent may continue to do so and applications for participation in the Withdrawal Plan must be received by the transfer agent no later than the eighth day of the month to be eligible for participation beginning with that month’s withdrawal.

VALUATION OF SHARES

The net asset value per share of the fund’s classes is calculated on each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the NYSE is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Because of the differences in distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class will differ. Please see the fund’s prospectus for a description of the procedures used by the fund in valuing its assets.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE

The exchange privilege enables shareholders to acquire shares of the same class in a fund with different investment objectives when they believe that a shift between funds is an appropriate investment decision. This privilege is available to shareholders residing in any state in which the fund shares being acquired may legally be

 

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sold. Prior to any exchange, the shareholder should obtain and review a copy of the current prospectus of each fund into which an exchange is being considered. Prospectuses may be obtained from a Service Agent.

Upon receipt of proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents, shares submitted for exchange are redeemed at the then-current net asset value, and the proceeds are immediately invested in shares of the fund being acquired at that fund’s then current net asset value. The distributor reserves the right to reject any exchange request. The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time after written notice to shareholders.

Class A, FI and I Exchanges. Class A, FI and I shareholders of the fund who wish to exchange all or a portion of their shares for shares of the respective class in another fund may do so without imposition of any charge.

Class B Exchanges. Class B shares of the fund may be exchanged for other Class B shares without a contingent deferred sales charge. Upon an exchange, the new Class B shares will be deemed to have been purchased on the same date as the Class B shares of the fund that have been exchanged.

Class C Exchanges. Class C shares of the fund may be exchanged for other Class C shares without a contingent deferred sales charge. Upon an exchange, the new Class C shares will be deemed to have been purchased on the same date as the Class C shares of the fund that have been exchanged.

Additional Information Regarding the Exchange Privilege

The fund is not designed to provide investors with a means of speculation on short-term market movements. A pattern of frequent exchanges by investors can be disruptive to efficient portfolio management and, consequently, can be detrimental to the fund and its shareholders. See “Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of fund Shares” in the prospectus.

During times of drastic economic or market conditions, the fund may suspend the exchange privilege temporarily without notice and treat exchange requests based on their separate components—redemption orders with a simultaneous request to purchase the other fund’s shares. In such a case, the redemption request would be processed at the fund’s next determined net asset value but the purchase order would be effective only at the net asset value next determined after the fund being purchased formally accepts the order, which may result in the purchase being delayed.

Certain shareholders may be able to exchange shares by telephone. See the fund’s prospectus for additional information. Exchanges will be processed at the net asset value next determined. Redemption procedures discussed above are also applicable for exchanging shares, and exchanges will be made upon receipt of all supporting documents in proper form. If the account registration of the shares of the fund being acquired is identical to the registration of the shares of the fund exchanged, no signature guarantee is required.

This exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time, and is available only in those jurisdictions where such exchanges legally may be made. Before making any exchange, shareholders should contact the transfer agent or, if they hold fund shares through a Service Agent, their Service Agent to obtain more information and prospectuses of the funds to be acquired through the exchange. An exchange is treated as a sale of the shares exchanged and could result in taxable gain or loss to the shareholder making the exchange.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

The fund’s policy is to declare and pay exempt-interest dividends, if any, monthly. Dividends from net realized capital gains, if any, will be distributed annually. The fund may also pay additional dividends before

 

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December 31 each year from certain amounts of undistributed ordinary income and capital gains, in order to avoid federal income and excise tax liability. If a shareholder does not otherwise instruct, exempt-interest dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested automatically in additional shares of the same class at net asset value, with no additional sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. A shareholder may change the option at any time by notifying his or her Service Agent.

The per share amounts of the exempt-interest dividends on Class B and Class C shares will be lower than on Class A, Class FI and Class I shares, mainly as a result of the distribution fees applicable to Class B and Class C shares. Similarly, the per share amounts of exempt-interest dividends on Class A shares will be lower than on Class I shares, as a result of the service fee attributable to Class A shares. Capital gain distributions, if any, will be the same across all classes of fund shares (A, B, C, FI and I).

TAXES

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state) income tax considerations affecting the fund and its shareholders. This discussion is very general. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

The fund and its investments. As described in the fund’s prospectus, the fund is designed to provide shareholders with current income that is excluded from gross income for regular federal income tax purposes and that is exempt from Massachusetts personal income taxes. The fund is not intended to constitute a balanced investment program and is not designed for investors seeking capital gains or maximum tax-exempt income irrespective of fluctuations in principal. Investment in the fund would not be suitable for tax-exempt institutions, qualified retirement plans, H.R. 10 plans and individual retirement accounts because such investors would not gain any additional tax benefit from the receipt of tax-exempt income.

The fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” or “RIC” under Supchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To so qualify, the fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income); and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies U.S. Government Securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government Securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or any two or more issuers that the fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

The fund’s investments in partnerships, if any, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in the fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

 

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As a regulated investment company, the fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, each fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., generally, the taxable income of the RIC other than its net capital gain, plus or minus certain other adjustments), and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate tax rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.

The Code imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the fund to the extent it does not distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year and (ii) 98% of its capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending, as a general rule, on October 31 of that year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. The fund anticipates that it will pay such dividends and will make such distributions as are necessary in order to avoid the application of this excise tax.

If, in any taxable year, the fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code or fails to meet the distribution requirement, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net long-term capital gains, would constitute dividends that are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, even though those distributions might otherwise (at least in part) have been treated in the shareholders’ hands as tax-exempt interest. However, such dividends will be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitation, (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If the fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets of the fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

On November 30, 2007, the unused capital loss carryovers by the fund were approximately $2,520,672. For federal income tax purposes, this amount is available to be applied against future capital gains of the fund, if any, that are realized prior to the expiration of the applicable carryover. The amount and year of expiration for each carryforward loss is indicated below. Expiration occurs on November 30 of the years indicated below.

 

     2010    2011    2012    2013

Carryforward Amounts

   $ 114,960    $ 554,670    $ 1,206,214    $ 644,828

The fund’s transactions in municipal bond index and interest rate futures contracts and options on these futures contracts will be subject to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the fund and defer fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require the fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause the fund to recognize income prior to the receipt of cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. In order to distribute this

 

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income and avoid a tax on the fund, the fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. The fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it engages in these transactions in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the fund as a regulated investment company.

The fund’s investment in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by the fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the fund.

The fund may at times buy tax-exempt investments at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For federal income tax purposes, some or all of this market discount will be included in the fund’s ordinary income and will be ordinary income when it is paid to you. The fund’s investments in these and certain other debt obligations may cause the fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash received from such obligations. If this happens, the fund may be required to sell other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements.

The fund may invest in swap contracts. As a result of entering into swap contracts, the fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year).

Taxation of Shareholders. Dividends and other distributions by the fund are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by the fund in October, November or December of any calendar year to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month which is actually paid during the following January shall be deemed to have been paid by the fund and received by each shareholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend is declared.

The fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income, and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if the fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (currently at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).

 

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Exempt-interest dividends paid by the fund are exempt from regular federal income taxes. Distributions of net realized short-term capital gains are taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income, whether paid in cash or in shares. Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that the fund designates as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the fund. The fund does not expect to realize a significant amount of capital gains.

Distributions in excess of the fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in his shares of the fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his shares of the fund as capital assets). Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive, and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount.

Investors considering buying shares just prior to a taxable dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares just purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them.

Because the fund will distribute exempt-interest dividends, interest on indebtedness incurred by shareholders, directly or indirectly, to purchase or carry fund shares is not deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes and Massachusetts personal income tax purposes. If a shareholder receives exempt-interest dividends with respect to any share and if the shareholder holds such share for six months or less, then, for federal income tax purposes, any loss on the sale or exchange of such share may, to the extent of the exempt-interest dividends, be disallowed. Investors receiving social security or railroad retirement benefits should be aware that exempt-interest dividends may, under certain circumstances, cause a portion of such benefits to be subject to federal income tax. Furthermore, a portion of any exempt-interest dividend paid by the fund that represents income derived from certain revenue or private activity bonds held by the fund may not retain its federal tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds or a “related person” thereof. Moreover, some or all of the fund’s exempt-interest dividends may be a specific preference item, or a component of an adjustment item, for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. In addition, the receipt of the fund’s dividends and distributions may affect a foreign corporate shareholder’s federal “branch profits” tax liability and the federal “excess net passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of a Subchapter S corporation. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors as to determine whether they are (a) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the Code or (b) subject to a federal alternative minimum tax, the Federal branch profits tax or the federal “excess net passive income” tax.

On May 21, 2007, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal in Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis, a case concerning the validity of statutes that create a state tax exemption for interest from municipal securities. The Kentucky Court of Appeals had held that Kentucky’s statute, which provided an exemption for interest earned on municipal securities of Kentucky issuers while taxing interest earned on municipal securities of issuers in other states, violated the Interstate Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. If the Supreme Court were to adopt the reasoning of the Kentucky Court of Appeals, its decision would affect the state tax status of fund distributions. It is unclear how such a decision would affect the market for municipal securities, but it could adversely affect the value of securities held by the fund, and therefore the value of the fund’s shares. Such a decision could also prompt legislation at the state level that would have further impacts upon the state taxation of fund distributions and upon the market for municipal securities. The case was argued before the Supreme Court on November 5, 2007, but no decision has yet been issued.

Upon the sale or exchange of his shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his basis in his shares. A redemption of shares by the fund will be

 

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treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the fund, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less (to the extent not disallowed pursuant to the six-month rule described above relating to exempt-interest dividends) will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder (or amounts credited to the shareholder as an undistributed capital gain) with respect to such shares.

If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of the fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain or loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis in the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.

Backup Withholding. The fund may be required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding at the rate of 28% on taxable dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to provide the fund with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have already been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.

Notices. Shareholders will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of the fund’s taxable year regarding the U.S. federal and Massachusetts personal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and deemed distributions that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year. These statements also will designate the amount of exempt-interest dividends that is a preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. The dollar amount of dividends excluded or exempt from federal income taxation and Massachusetts personal income taxation and the dollar amount of dividends subject to federal income taxation and Massachusetts personal income taxation, if any, will vary for each shareholder depending upon the size and duration of each shareholder’s investment in the fund. To the extent the fund earns taxable net investment income, it intends to designate as taxable dividends the same percentage of each day’s dividend as its taxable net investment income bears to its total net investment income earned on that day.

Massachusetts Taxation. Individual shareholders of the fund who are otherwise subject to Massachusetts personal income tax will not be subject to such tax on exempt-interest dividends received from the fund to the extent the dividends are attributable to interest on Massachusetts municipal securities.

Other distributions from the fund, including those related to long-term and short-term capital gains, generally will not be exempt from Massachusetts personal income tax, unless they are related to certain gains from certain Massachusetts municipal securities identified by the Massachusetts Department of Revenue. Businesses should note that the fund’s distributions derived from Massachusetts municipal securities are not exempt from Massachusetts corporate excise tax.

 

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Other Taxes. Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

The foregoing is only a summary of certain material tax consequences affecting the fund and its shareholders. Current and prospective shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the fund.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Trust. The certificate of trust to establish Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (referred to in this section as the trust) was filed with the State of Maryland on October 4, 2006. On April 16, 2007, the fund was redomiciled as a series of the trust. Prior thereto, the fund was a series of Legg Mason Partners Income Funds, a Massachusetts business trust. Prior to reorganization of the fund as a series of Legg Mason Partners Income Funds, the fund was a Massachusetts business trust.

The fund is a series of the trust, a Maryland business trust. A Maryland business trust is an unincorporated business association that is established under, and governed by, Maryland law. Maryland law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Board (referred to in this section as the trustees) and shareholders of the trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the trustees and the shareholders are determined by the trustees as set forth in the trust’s declaration of trust (referred to in this section as the declaration). Some of the more significant provisions of the declaration are described below.

Shareholder Voting. The declaration provides for shareholder voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Maryland law, actions by the trustees without seeking the consent of shareholders. The trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend the declaration or authorize the merger or consolidation of the trust into another trust or entity, reorganize the trust, or any series or class into another trust or entity or a series or class of another entity, sell all or substantially all of the assets of the trust or any series or class to another entity, or a series or class of another entity, or terminate the trust or any series or class.

The fund is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders, but the fund will call special meetings of shareholders whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the declaration. The declaration provides for “dollar-weighted voting” which means that a shareholder’s voting power is determined, not by the number of shares he or she owns, but by the dollar value of those shares determined on the record date. All shareholders of all series and classes of the trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series or by class, or when the trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes of shares.

Election and Removal of Trustees. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish the number of trustees and that vacancies on the board may be filled by the remaining trustees, except when election of trustees by the shareholders is required under the 1940 Act. Trustees are then elected by a plurality of votes cast by

 

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shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the trustees and that trustees may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of shareholders holding two-thirds of the voting power of the trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining trustees. The provisions of the declaration relating to the election and removal of trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the trustees.

Amendments to the Declaration. The trustees are authorized to amend the declaration without the vote of shareholders, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the declaration to persons who are or have been shareholders, trustees, officers, or employees of the trust or that limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided in the declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification under the declaration prior to the amendment.

Issuance and Redemption of Shares. The fund may issue an unlimited number of shares for such consideration and on such terms as the trustees may determine. Shareholders are not entitled to any appraisal, preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights, except as the trustees may determine. The fund may involuntarily redeem a shareholder’s shares upon certain conditions as may be determined by the trustees, including, for example, if the shareholder fails to provide the fund with identification required by law, or if the fund is unable to verify the information received from the shareholder. Additionally, as discussed below, shares may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.

Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings. The declaration specifically requires shareholders, upon demand, to disclose to the fund information with respect to the direct and indirect ownership of shares in order to comply with various laws or regulations, and the fund may disclose such ownership if required by law or regulation.

Small Accounts. The declaration provides that the fund may close out a shareholder’s account by redeeming all of the shares in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the trustees from time to time. Alternately, the declaration permits the fund to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.

Series and Classes. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish series and classes in addition to those currently established and to determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series or class, combine series with other series in the trust, combine one or more classes of a series with another class in that series or convert the shares of one class into another class.

Each share of the fund, as a series of the trust, represents an interest in the fund only and not in the assets of any other series of the trust.

Shareholder, Trustee and Officer Liability. The declaration provides that shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of the fund and requires the fund to indemnify a shareholder against any loss or expense arising from any such liability. In addition, the fund will assume the defense of any claim against a shareholder for personal liability at the request of the shareholder. The declaration further provides that a trustee acting in his or her capacity of trustee is not personally liable to any person other than the trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission, or obligation of the trust. Further, a trustee is held to the same standard of conduct as a director of a Maryland corporation. This requires that a trustee perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the trust or a series thereof, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. The declaration also permits the limitation of a trustee’s liability to the full extent provided under Maryland law. Under current Maryland law, a trustee is liable to the trust or its shareholders for monetary damages only (a) to the extent that it is proved that he or she actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) to the extent that a

 

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judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the trustee is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the trustee’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. The declaration requires the trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been trustees, officers or employees of the trust for any liability for actions or failure to act except to the extent prohibited by applicable federal law. In making any determination as to whether any person is entitled to the advancement of expenses in connection with a claim for which indemnification is sought, such person is entitled to a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.

The declaration provides that any trustee who serves as chair of the board or of a committee of the board, lead independent trustee, or audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

Derivative Actions. The declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to the fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on the fund’s trustees. The declaration details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the fund, the trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the fund. The declaration further provides that shareholders owning shares representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected fund must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if in the judgment of the independent trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the declaration, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The declaration further provides that the fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The declaration also requires that actions by shareholders against the fund be brought only in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, or if not permitted to be brought in federal court, then in state court in Baltimore, Maryland, and that the right to jury trial be waived to the full extent permitted by law.

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports

The fund sends its shareholders a semi-annual report and an audited annual report, which include listings of investment securities held by the fund at the end of the period covered. In an effort to reduce the fund’s printing and mailing costs, the fund consolidates the mailing of its semi-annual and annual reports by household. This consolidation means that a household having multiple accounts with the identical address of record will receive a single copy of each report. In addition, the fund also consolidates the mailing of its prospectus so that a shareholder having multiple accounts will receive a single prospectus annually.

Shareholders who do not want this consolidation to apply to their accounts should contact their Service Agent or the transfer agent.

 

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Legal Matters

Beginning in June 2004, class action lawsuits alleging violations of the federal securities laws were filed against CGMI, a former distributor of the fund and other affiliated funds (collectively, the “Funds”), and a number of its then affiliates, including SBFM and Salomon Brothers Asset Management (“SBAM”), which were then investment adviser or manager to certain of the Funds (the “Managers”), substantially all of the mutual funds then managed by the Managers (the “Defendant Funds”), and Board Members of the Defendant Funds (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaints alleged, among other things, that CGMI created various undisclosed incentives for its brokers to sell Smith Barney and Salomon Brothers funds. In addition, according to the complaints, the Managers caused the Defendant Funds to pay excessive brokerage commissions to CGMI for steering clients towards proprietary funds. The complaints also alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duty to the Defendant Funds by improperly charging Rule 12b-1 fees and by drawing on fund assets to make undisclosed payments of soft dollars and excessive brokerage commissions. The complaints also alleged that the Defendant Funds failed to adequately disclose certain of the allegedly wrongful conduct. The complaints sought injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, rescission of the Defendant Funds’ contracts with the Managers, recovery of all fees paid to the Managers pursuant to such contracts and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

On December 15, 2004, a consolidated amended complaint (the “Complaint”) was filed alleging substantially similar causes of action. On May 27, 2005, all of the Defendants filed motions to dismiss the Complaint. On July 26, 2006, the court issued a decision and order (1) finding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue on behalf of the shareholders of the Defendant Funds in which none of the plaintiffs had invested, including Legg Mason Partners Massachusetts Municipals Fund, and dismissing those Defendant Funds from the case (although stating that they could be brought back into the case if standing as to them could be established), and (2) other than one stayed claim, dismissing all of the causes of action against the remaining Defendants, with prejudice, except for the cause of action under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, which the court granted plaintiffs leave to replead as a derivative claim.

On October 16, 2006, plaintiffs filed their Second Consolidated Amended Complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”) which alleges derivative claims on behalf of nine funds identified in the Second Amended Complaint, under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, against CAM, SBAM and SBFM as investment advisers to the identified funds, as well as CGMI as a distributor for the identified funds (collectively, the “Second Amended Complaint Defendants”). The Fund was not identified in the Second Amended Complaint. The Second Amended Complaint alleges no claims against any of the Funds or any of their Board Members. Under Section 36(b), the Second Amended Complaint alleges similar facts and seeks similar relief against the Second Amended Complaint Defendants as the Complaint. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint.

On December 3, 2007, the Court granted the Defendants’ motion to dismiss, with prejudice. On January 2, 2008, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.

Additional lawsuits arising out of these circumstances and presenting similar allegations and requests for relief may be filed against the Defendant Funds in the future.

* * *

On May 31, 2005, the SEC issued an order in connection with the settlement of an administrative proceeding against SBFM, the then-investment adviser or manager to the fund and CGMI, relating to the appointment of an affiliated transfer agent for the Smith Barney family of mutual funds, including the fund (the “Affected Funds”).

The SEC order found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(1) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). Specifically, the order

 

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found that SBFM and CGMI knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose to the boards of the Affected Funds in 1999 when proposing a new transfer agent arrangement with an affiliated transfer agent that: First Data Investors Services Group (“First Data”), the Affected Funds’ then-existing transfer agent, had offered to continue as transfer agent and do the same work for substantially less money than before; and that Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM”), the Citigroup business unit that, at the time, included the Affected Funds’ investment manager and other investment advisory companies, had entered into a side letter with First Data under which CAM agreed to recommend the appointment of First Data as sub-transfer agent to the affiliated transfer agent in exchange for, among other things, a guarantee by First Data of specified amounts of asset management and investment banking fees to CAM and CGMI. The order also found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(2) of the Advisers Act by virtue of the omissions discussed above and other misrepresentations and omissions in the materials provided to the Affected Funds’ boards, including the failure to make clear that the affiliated transfer agent would earn a high profit for performing limited functions while First Data continued to perform almost all of the transfer agent functions, and the suggestion that the proposed arrangement was in the Affected Funds’ best interests and that no viable alternatives existed. SBFM and CGMI do not admit or deny any wrongdoing or liability. The settlement does not establish wrongdoing or liability for purposes of any other proceeding.

The SEC censured SBFM and CGMI and ordered them to cease and desist from violations of Sections 206(1) and 206(2) of the Advisers Act. The order required Citigroup to pay $208.1 million, including $109 million in disgorgement of profits, $19.1 million in interest, and a civil money penalty of $80 million. Approximately $24.4 million has already been paid to the Affected Funds, primarily through fee waivers. The remaining $183.7 million, including the penalty, has been paid to the U.S. Treasury and will be distributed pursuant to a plan submitted for the approval of the SEC. At this time, there is no certainty as to how the above-described proceeds of the settlement will be distributed, to whom such distributions will be made, the methodology by which such distributions will be allocated, and when such distributions will be made. The order also required that transfer agency fees received from the Affected Funds since December 1, 2004, less certain expenses, be placed in escrow and provided that a portion of such fees might be subsequently distributed in accordance with the terms of the order. On April 3, 2006, an aggregate amount of approximately $9 million held in escrow was distributed to the Affected Funds.

The order required SBFM to recommend a new transfer agent contract to the Fund boards within 180 days of the entry of the order; if a Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent or sub-transfer agent, SBFM and CGMI would have been required, at their expense, to engage an independent monitor to oversee a competitive bidding process. On November 21, 2005, and within the specified timeframe, the Affected Funds’ Boards selected a new transfer agent for the Affected Fund. No Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent. Under the order, SBFM also must comply with an amended version of a vendor policy that Citigroup instituted in August 2004.

Although there can be no assurance, the manager does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Affected Funds.

On December 1, 2005, Citigroup completed the sale of substantially all of its global asset management business, including SBFM, to Legg Mason.

***

Beginning in August 2005, five class action lawsuits alleging violations of federal securities laws and state law were filed against CGMI and SBFM (collectively, the “Defendants”) based on the May 31, 2005 settlement order issued against the Defendants by the SEC as described in above. The complaints seek injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, removal of SBFM as the investment manager for the Smith Barney family of funds, rescission of the Funds’ management and other contracts with SBFM, recovery of all fees paid to SBFM pursuant to such contracts, and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

 

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On October 5, 2005, a motion to consolidate the five actions and any subsequently filed, related action was filed. That motion contemplates that a consolidated amended complaint alleging substantially similar causes of action will be filed in the future.

On September 26, 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order dismissing the consolidated complaint. The plaintiffs have the right to appeal the order.

***

As previously disclosed, on September 16, 2005, the staff of the SEC informed SBFM and SBAM at the staff is considering recommending that the SEC institute administrative proceedings against SBFM and SBAM for alleged violations of Section 19(a) and 34(b) of the 1940 Act (and related Rule 19a-1). On September 27, 2007, SBFM and SBAM, without admitting or denying any findings therein, consented to the entry of an order by the SEC relating to the disclosure by certain closed-end funds previously managed by SBFM or SBAM of the sources of distributions paid by the funds between 2001 and 2004. Each of SBFM and SBAM agreed to pay a fine of $450,000, for which it was indemnified by Citigroup, its former parent. It is not expected that this matter will adversely impact the fund or its current manager.

***

On or about May 30, 2006, John Halebian, a purported shareholder of Citi New York Tax Free Reserves, a series of Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, formerly a series of CitiFunds Trust III (the “Subject Trust”), filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the independent trustees of the Subject Trust (Elliott J. Berv, Donald M. Carlton, A. Benton Cocanougher, Mark T. Finn, Stephen Randolph Gross, Diana R. Harrington, Susan B. Kerley, Alan G. Merten and R. Richardson Pettit).

The Subject Trust is also named in the complaint as a nominal defendant.

The complaint alleges both derivative claims on behalf of the Subject Trust and class claims on behalf of a putative class of shareholders of the Subject Trust in connection with the 2005 sale of Citigroup’s asset management business to Legg Mason and the related approval of new investment advisory agreements by the trustees and shareholders. In the derivative claim, the plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the independent trustees breached their fiduciary duty to the Subject Trust and its shareholders by failing to negotiate lower fees or seek competing bids from other qualified investment advisers in connection with Citigroup’s sale to Legg Mason. In the claims brought on behalf of the putative class of shareholders, the plaintiff alleges that the independent trustees violated the proxy solicitation requirements of the 1940 Act, and breached their fiduciary duty to shareholders, by virtue of the voting procedures, including “echo voting,” used to obtain approval of the new investment advisory agreements and statements made in a proxy statement regarding those voting procedures. The plaintiff alleges that the proxy statement was misleading because it failed to disclose that the voting procedures violated the 1940 Act. The relief sought includes an award of damages, rescission of the advisory agreement, and an award of costs and attorney fees.

In advance of filing the complaint, Mr. Halebian’s lawyers made written demand for relief on the board of the Subject Trust, and the board’s independent trustees formed a demand review committee to investigate the matters raised in the demand, and subsequently in the complaint, and recommend a course of action to the board. The committee, after a thorough review, has determined that the independent trustees did not breach their fiduciary duties as alleged by Mr. Halebian, and that the action demanded by Mr. Halebian would not be in the best interests of the Subject Trust. The board of the Subject Trust (the trustee who is an “interested person” of the Subject Trust, within the meaning of the 1940 Act, having recused himself from the matter), after receiving and considering the committee’s report and based upon the findings of the committee, subsequently also has so determined and, adopting the recommendation of the committee, has directed counsel to move to dismiss Mr. Halebian’s complaint. A motion to dismiss was filed on October 23, 2006. Opposition papers were filed on

 

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or about December 7, 2006. The complaint was dismissed on July 31, 2007. Mr. Halebian filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The appeal is pending.

***

The foregoing speaks only as of the date of this SAI. Additional lawsuits presenting allegations and requests for relief arising out of or in connection with any of the foregoing matters may be filed against these and related parties in the future.

*****

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements of the fund (Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of November 30, 2007, Statement of Operations for the year ended November 30, 2007, Statements of Changes in Net Assets for each of the years in the two-year period ended November 30, 2007, Financial Highlights for each of the years or periods in the five-year period ended November 30, 2007, and Notes to Financial Statements along with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, each of which is included in the 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders), are incorporated by reference into this SAI (Filed on February 4, 2008; Accession Number 0001193125-08-019141).

 

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Appendix A

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING

MASSACHUSETTS MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS

The following information is a summary of special factors affecting investments in Massachusetts municipal obligations. The sources of payment for such obligations and the marketability thereof may be affected by financial or other difficulties experienced by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (“Massachusetts,” the “Commonwealth” or the “State”) and certain of its municipalities and public authorities. This information does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to offerings of Massachusetts issuers and other reports publicly issued by Massachusetts or certain of its agencies. Any estimates of future results and other projections are statements of opinion based on available information at the time made and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially. The fund has not independently verified, and is not responsible for, the accuracy or timeliness of this information. Such information is included herein without the express authority of any Massachusetts issuer.

ECONOMIC INFORMATION

Massachusetts is a densely populated state with a well-educated population, comparatively high income levels, and a relatively diversified economy. While the total population of Massachusetts has remained fairly stable in the last twenty-five years, significant changes have occurred in the age distribution of the population: dramatic growth in residents between the ages of 20 and 44 since 1980 is expected to lead to a population distributed more heavily in the 65 and over age group in the next twenty-five years. Just as the working-age population has increased, income levels in Massachusetts since 1980 have grown significantly more than the national average, and a variety of measures of income show that Massachusetts residents have significantly higher amounts of annual income than the national average. These high levels of income have been accompanied by a consistently lower poverty rate and, with the exception of the recession of the early 1990s and the current slow recovery period, considerably lower unemployment rates in Massachusetts than in the United States since 1980. The state is now recovering from the recession of 2001, but is lagging behind the nation in many indicators, particularly employment levels and rates of unemployment.

Personal Income

Since at least 1929, real and nominal per capita income levels have been consistently higher in Massachusetts than in the United States. After growing at an annual rate higher than that for the United States between 1982 and 1988, real income levels in Massachusetts declined between 1989 and 1991. Real per capita income levels in Massachusetts increased faster than the national average between 1994 and 1997. In 2000 Massachusetts had its highest per capita income growth in 16 years, exceeding the national growth rate by 2.4 percentage points. From 2000 to 2003 real income in both Massachusetts and the United States declined, with a steeper decline in Massachusetts. However, real income levels in Massachusetts remained well above the national average. In 2004, 2005 and 2006 income in the state grew faster than in the nation. For the last fourteen years only the District of Columbia, Connecticut and New Jersey have had higher levels of per capita personal income.

Annual pay in nominal dollars has grown steadily in Massachusetts over the past decade. Average annual pay is computed by dividing the total annual payroll of employees covered by Unemployment Insurance programs by the average monthly number of employees. Data are reported by employers covered under the Unemployment Insurance programs. While levels of annual pay were nearly equal in Massachusetts and the United States in 1984, average annual pay levels in Massachusetts have grown more rapidly than the national average since that time. The level of annual pay in Massachusetts in 2006 was 23 percent higher than the national average: $52,396, compared to $42,521 (preliminary estimates).

 

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Higher income levels in Massachusetts relative to the rest of the United States are offset to some extent by the higher cost of living in Massachusetts. In 2006, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”) for Boston increased by 3.1 percent over the average for 2005, while the index for the United States as a whole increased by a comparable 3.2 percent. The latest available data for January 2007 shows that the CPI-U for the Boston metropolitan area grew at a rate of 0.8 percent from July 2006, compared with 2.4 percent for the U.S.

Poverty

The Massachusetts poverty rate remains below the national average. Since 1980, the percentage of the Massachusetts population below the poverty line has varied between 7.7 percent and 12.2 percent. During the same time, the national poverty rate varied between 11.3 percent and 15.1 percent. In 2005, the poverty rate in Massachusetts increased to 10.1 percent while the poverty rate in the United States rose slightly to 12.6 percent.

Employment

Like many industrial states, Massachusetts has seen a steady decline of its manufacturing jobs base over the last two decades, not only as a share of total employment, but in absolute numbers of jobs as well. Several North American Industry Classification System (“NAICS”) service sectors and the Financial Services sector have grown to take the place of manufacturing in driving the Massachusetts economy and now account for more than half of total payroll employment, while Government, Information, Trade, Transportation & Utilities have remained level or declined in share.

After significant declines in 2002 and 2003, total non-agricultural employment in Massachusetts declined only 0.1 percent in 2004 and increased 0.5 percent in 2005. The average level for 2006 is a healthier 1.0 percent above that of 2005, but the state still has 84,000 (2.5%) fewer jobs than in the peak year of 2001. The comparable growth rate for the nation is 1.8 percent. In the first five months of 2007, the estimates continued to be about one percent above the comparable 2006 figures.

In 2004, manufacturing employment declined 3.5 percent from the year before; a smaller decline than the annual declines in the previous three years. The estimate for manufacturing for 2005 was only 2.4 percent below the 2004 level, which was better than the long-term average rate of decline since 1990 (3.0 percent per year). The average for 2006 is 2.1 percent below the comparable 2005 level, the best year for manufacturing in Massachusetts since 2000. The average figures for the first five months of 2007 are only one percent below the comparable 2006 figures.

The economic recession of the early 1990s caused unemployment rates in Massachusetts to rise significantly above the national average, as much as 2.1 points above in 1991. Then from 1995 through the end of 2005 the unemployment rate in Massachusetts was consistently below the national average. However, as of September 28, 2007, the state rate has been generally at or above the national rate since January 2006, with the differences between the two reaching a peak in February 2007.

Economic Base and Performance

Between 1997 and 2006 gross domestic product in Massachusetts, New England and the sum of all states GDP grew approximately 52.2, 51.9 and 59.6 percent respectively in current dollars. Between 1997 and 2006 gross domestic product in Massachusetts, New England and the sum of all states GDP grew approximately 28.9, 25.7 and 27.5 percent respectively in chained 2000 dollars. The Massachusetts economy is the largest in New England, contributing 47.2 percent to New England’s total GDP, and thirteenth largest in the U.S., contributing 2.6 percent to the nation’s total GDP. Massachusetts had the third highest GDP per capita in 2006, $46,721.

The Massachusetts economy remains diversified among several industrial and non-industrial sectors. The four largest sectors of the economy (real estate and rental and leasing, professional and technical services,

 

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manufacturing, and finance and insurance, on the 2002 NAICS basis) contributed 47.2 percent of the Massachusetts Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) in 2006. When measured in chained 2000 dollars, the cumulative change in Massachusetts total GDP was 5.6 percent between 2001 and 2005.

Trade and International Trade. Massachusetts ranked 12th in the United States, and first in New England, with $24.05 billion in international exports in 2006. This represents a 9.1 percent increase from the previous year’s exports from the Commonwealth, while national exports increased by 14.7 percent in the same period. Through July 2007, Massachusetts’s exports totaled $14.5 billion, an increase of 6.9 percent compared with exports in the first seven months of 2006. National exports were up 11.1 percent and New England, 12.8 percent during the same period. It is not possible to provide balance of trade comparisons for Massachusetts because import data are not compiled on a state-by-state basis.

Transportation and Warehousing, and Utilities. Massachusetts’s major air and seaports are managed by the Massachusetts Port Authority (“Massport”), an independent public authority. Massport reported fiscal 2006 operating income of $43.8 million (up 9.8 percent from fiscal 2005), with operating revenues up 8.0 percent ($497.6 million in 2006 versus $460.6 million in 2005) and operating costs up 7.9 percent ($453.8 million in 2006 versus $420.6 million in 2005).

According to Massport, as of December 31, 2006, airline service at Logan Airport (“Logan”), both scheduled and non-scheduled, was provided by 77 airlines, including six U.S. major air carrier airlines, 31 other domestic carriers, 24 non-U.S. flag carriers, and 16 regional and commuter airlines. Based on total passenger volume in calendar year 2006 data, Logan Airport was the most active airport in New England and remained the 19th most active in the U.S., according to the Federal Aviation Authority (“FAA”). Massport reported that in 2006, Logan flights and passenger counts were down 0.7 and up 2.4 percent respectively compared to 2005. Massport also reported that as of August 2007, year-to-date, total airport flight operations were down slightly, -0.1 percent and total airport passengers were up 2.4 percent from the same period in 2006.

As of June 30, 2006, Logan was served by 11 all-cargo and small package/express carriers. According to the FAA, Logan ranked 26th in the nation in total air cargo volume in calendar year 2006. In 2006, the airport handled 1.10 billion pounds of cargo, a 4.2 percent decrease from 2005. Massport reported that as of August 2007, year-to-date, the combined cargo and mail volume was down 6.9 percent from the same period in 2006.

At Massport’s Port of Boston properties, 2006 cargo throughput was 15.3 million metric tons, a 6 percent decrease from 2005. Automobile processing increased 11 percent to 12,149 units, and cruise passenger trips decreased 11 percent to 208,883. Total containerized cargo increased 7 percent to 1.6 million short tons. Massport reported that between September 2006 and August 2007, total containerized cargo was up 10.2 percent, 7.8 less automobiles were processed and 13.4 less cruise passengers used their facilities compared to the same period the previous year. The Army Corps of Engineers reported Massachusetts total waterborne cargo shipped or received in 2005 decreased 9.4 percent to 28.8 million short tons, from 2004. Waterborne cargo in New England and the U.S. decreased 1.9 and 1.0 percent, respectively.

Construction and Housing. In 2006, construction activity contributed 3.4 percent to the total Massachusetts GDP when measured in 2000 chained dollars. The construction sector contributed 4.3 percent to state GDP in 1999. Overall loss between 1999 and 2006 was 6.9 percent in real dollars.

Defense. Massachusetts contract awards have increased every year since 1988 with the exception of 2002. The value of military prime contracts awarded to Massachusetts companies peaked in fiscal year 2006 at $9.1 billion and troughed in 1998 at $4.3 billion. U.S. Navy contracts to Massachusetts companies increased by over a billion dollars in fiscal 2006.

From the early 1980s to 1993, the Commonwealth’s share of total prime contract awards in the U.S. remained around 5 percent. In 2002, the Commonwealth’s share of the national total reached its lowest point in

 

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over two decades, 3.1 percent, and has increased slightly to 3.5 percent in 2005. While Massachusetts’ contract total has increased significantly in the past four years, its share of the U.S. total was only 3.5 percent in 2006. Massachusetts is the eighth largest recipient in defense spending.

Travel and Tourism. The travel and tourism industry represents an important component of the overall Massachusetts economy. The Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism reported an annual increase of 4.8 percent in museum and attraction attendance in 2006. June 2006 year-to-date attendance of 5,227,108 is 0.9 percent more than the same period in 2006.

The Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism estimated that 23.3 million domestic travelers traveled to or within the Commonwealth in 2006, an increase of 3.3 percent from 2005. Additionally, 4.0 million international travelers visited Massachusetts in 2006, a decrease of 4.4 percent from 2005.

State Taxes. Per capita state taxes in Massachusetts are significantly higher, 27.7 percent, than the national average. In fiscal year 2006, the total per capita state tax bill in the United States was $2,359. Citizens of the Commonwealth however, paid $3,013 on average, the ninth highest (seventh last year) in the nation and an increase of 7.0 percent from the previous year’s $2,815. In New England, citizens in Connecticut and Vermont paid more per capita, and all New England states except New Hampshire (48th), ranked in the top fifth for per capita state tax collections.

In fiscal year 2006, over half (54.1 percent) of the state taxes in Massachusetts came from the state income tax. Per capita individual income taxes in Massachusetts were $1,629, up 7.5 percent from $1,514 in fiscal year 2005. Also increasing in fiscal year 2006 were sales receipts (2.1 percent) and corporate net income (38.7 percent). Other taxes (licenses, death and gift, and documentary and stock transfer) decreased 8.4 percent in Massachusetts on a per capita basis.

State Government Spending in Massachusetts. Massachusetts ranked 9th in the nation in per capita expenditures ($5,911) in 2005 while it ranked 7th and spent more ($5,994) in 2004. This represents a 1.4 percent decrease in per capita expenditures from 2004 to 2005. Massachusetts spent more state funds per capita on debt service ($435) and parks ($33) in 2005 than any of its New England neighbors. Massachusetts also spent 13.8 percent more on education 41.4 percent less on highways and 15.6 percent less on natural resource, parks & recreation in 2005 than 2004.

Federal Government Spending in Massachusetts. Federal government spending contributes significantly to the Massachusetts economy. In fiscal 2004, Massachusetts ranked twelfth among states in per capita distribution of federal funds, with total spending of $8,279 per person, excluding loans and insurance. Massachusetts’ share of total federal spending declined steadily between 1990 and 1999, and has stabilized in the range of 2.46 percent to 2.52 percent between 1998 and 2004. Federal spending includes grants to state and local governments, direct payments to individuals, wage and salary employment, and procurement contracts, and includes only those expenditures that can be associated with individual states and territories.

Over half of fiscal year 2004 federal spending in Massachusetts was composed of health care and social programs like Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, unemployment benefits and Section 8 Housing Vouchers. Massachusetts was above the national average in per capita federal grants to state and local governments, receiving $2,163 per capita compared to a national average of $1,545. Per capita federal spending on salaries and wages in 2004 was lower in Massachusetts than in the rest of the nation ($554 compared to a national average of $750), but Massachusetts was above the national average in per capita direct federal payments to individuals ($4,139 compared to a national average of $3,839). Massachusetts ranked 9th among states in per capita procurement contract awards ($1,422 compared to a national average of $ 1,089) in 2004.

 

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Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel Project

The largest single component of the Commonwealth’s capital program in recent years has been the Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel (“CA/T”) Project, a major construction project that is part of the completion of the federal interstate highway system. The CA/T Project has involved the replacement of the elevated portion of Interstate 93 in downtown Boston (the Central Artery) with an underground expressway, and the construction of a new tunnel under Boston harbor (the Ted Williams Tunnel) linking the Boston terminus of the Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90) to Logan International Airport and points north. The CA/T Project is administered by the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (Turnpike Authority).

Project Status. The CA/T Project was substantially completed in January 2006, with all major ramps, roadway and streets open for public use and most major contracts in the closeout phase. The major components of the work remaining for final completion of the CA/T project include reconstruction of the downtown surface street system, completion of the traffic management system and construction of certain parks. The completion of the surface roadways is expected to occur by June, 2007. Other remaining work is expected to be completed by October, 2007, except for one park and certain other project elements, which are expected to be completed in 2010.

Project Budget and Oversight and Delay of Federal Funding. Periodically, the Turnpike Authority has produced a cost/schedule update for the project, of which the most recent version, Revision 11 (CSU 11), was prepared in July 2004 and included a $14.625 billion CA/T Project budget. In addition, and in accordance with federal and state law, the CA/T Project develops finance plans which must receive certain federal and state approvals.

In October 2000, following an announcement by CA/T Project officials of substantially increased cost estimates, a federal law was enacted that requires the U.S. Secretary of Transportation to withhold federal funds and all project approvals for the CA/T Project in each federal fiscal year unless the Secretary has approved an annual update of the project’s finance plan for such year and has determined that the Commonwealth is maintaining a balanced statewide transportation program and is in full compliance with a project partnership agreement among the Federal Highway Administration, the Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works, the Turnpike Authority and the Massachusetts Highway Department. In addition, the law limits total federal funding for the CA/T Project to $8.549 billion (including $1.5 billion to pay the principal of federal grant anticipation notes), consistent with the project partnership agreement. Finally, the law ties future federal funding for the project to an annual finding by the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Transportation that the annual update of the project’s finance plan is consistent with Federal Highway Administration financial plan guidance. Should any federal assistance be withheld from the CA/T Project pursuant to such law, such funding is nonetheless available to the Commonwealth for projects other than the CA/T Project. Moreover, the law provides that federal funds will not be withheld if the Secretary of Administration and Finance certifies that such funds are required to pay all or any portion of the principal of federal grant anticipation notes issued for the CA/T Project.

The CA/T Project finance plans submitted through October 2003 have received the requisite approvals. The most recent finance plan, based on CSU 11, was submitted in July 2004, but as of March 31, 2007, had not yet received federal approval. Since 2004, the Turnpike Authority has revised certain elements of the budget in CSU 11 as a result of updated completion and cost estimates. In addition, at the request of the Federal Highway Administration, the Turnpike Authority is currently in the process of preparing a finance plan update to reflect recent developments, including the impact of the July 2006 incident described below and other factors on costs and schedule, and expects to file such update this month following approval by the Massachusetts Highway Department, the Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works and the Executive Office for Administration and Finance.

According to federal and Commonwealth records, the total amount of federal funds withheld pending federal approval of the finance plan submitted in July 2004 is approximately $125 million. Federal review of the finance plan submitted in July 2004 is ongoing. The delay in receiving federal approval is due primarily to the failure to realize and resolve certain budgeted project financing sources and to the desire of the Federal Highway Administration to review a finance plan with updated cost estimates and funding sources.

 

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Certain funding issues related to the July 2004 finance plan remain unresolved. One is the need to replace $94 million that such finance plan projected would be realized from the disposition of the CA/T Project headquarters and contiguous parcels located on Kneeland Street in Boston. Based on a December 2004 request for bids for such property, the Turnpike Authority is no longer relying on this source of funding. The Turnpike Authority has identified $27 million in added interest earnings on the sale proceeds of certain land in Allston as a partial source of funding this amount. The Turnpike Authority has been seeking to secure the remaining $67 million from the state’s Statewide Road and Bridge and Central Artery/Tunnel Infrastructure Fund (“TIF”). In addition, the Commonwealth has identified a $21 million shortfall attributable to expected interest earnings on amounts previously contributed by the Turnpike Authority to finance project costs that are in fact not available. Final agreement has not been reached regarding the use of additional funds from the TIF and other authorized sources for these purposes.

In connection with the preparation of the finance plan update, the Turnpike Authority has reviewed all of the major cost centers and has preliminarily revised the CA/T project budget and cash flows. The Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works just completed its own assessment of the Turnpike Authority’s updated budget. Based on such reviews, the Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority now estimate that the total cost of the project will be $14.798 billion, exclusive of certain cost recoveries, insurance payments and credits received or to be received in the future. However, due to the uncertain timing and amounts of CA/T cost recoveries, the cash needs to complete the project must be provided by the Commonwealth or the Turnpike Authority, at least until such cost recoveries are realized. Such cash needs are projected to be approximately $210 million.

The Commonwealth has proposed to the Turnpike Authority that the $210 million funding shortfall be covered from the following two sources: (a) at least $140 million projected to be available in the TIF through June 30, 2009; and (b) up to $70 million of Commonwealth bond proceeds. This commitment by the Commonwealth to cover the funding shortfall is subject to the following conditions: (i) the Turnpike Authority must cover any future shortfalls in Turnpike Authority funding to complete the project and any costs in excess of $14.798 billion; (ii) all cost recoveries, insurance proceeds and, until the amounts advanced to the project by the Commonwealth described in (a) and (b) above are recovered, proceeds of the sale of certain real property of the Turnpike Authority related to the project that are received by the Turnpike Authority or the Commonwealth shall, subject to legislative authorization, be deposited into the TIF to pay project costs in lieu of the additional amounts committed by the Commonwealth or to reimburse the Commonwealth for project costs already paid; (iii) to the extent that, by June 30, 2010, the amounts described in clause (ii) above received by or paid to the Commonwealth have aggregated less than the portion of the $210 million funding shortfall paid from Commonwealth bonds, the Turnpike Authority will pay the difference to the Commonwealth by not later than January 1, 2011; and (iv) to the extent legally and practically feasible, the Turnpike Authority must comply with new reporting and accounting requirements to improve the transparency of project financing matters to the Commonwealth. At a meeting on May 15, 2007, the members of the Turnpike Authority approved the Commonwealth’s proposal relating to the $210 million funding shortfall for the CA/T Project. Following the approval, the Turnpike Authority and the Commonwealth entered into an agreement to implement such proposal. On May 23, 2007 the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority filed a finance plan update with the Federal Highway Administration. As of November 21, 2007, the finance plan update is under review by the Federal Highway Administration and the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Transportation.

On June 29, 2007, the Governor filed legislation to implement the provisions of the agreement referenced above between the Turnpike Authority and the Commonwealth relating to the funding shortfall for the CA/T project. Among other provisions, the proposed legislation would have provided for all CA/T project-related cost recoveries, insurance proceeds and certain real estate proceeds to be deposited into the Statewide Road and Bridge and Central Artery/Tunnel Infrastructure Fund (TIF) for purposes of paying costs of the project or reimbursing the Commonwealth for such costs. New legislation was filed by the Governor on November 19, 2007 to provide for certain cost recovery amounts to be deposited in a trust fund and dedicated to maintenance of the CA/T project in accordance with the terms of the recent settlement with Aggregate Industries and any future, similar settlements. The new legislation provides that all other cost recoveries, insurance proceeds and certain

 

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real estate proceeds will be deposited in the TIF for purposes of paying costs of the CA/T project or reimbursing the Commonwealth for payment of such costs. On October 29, 2007, the members of the Turnpike Authority voted to authorize the Authority to enter into an amended agreement with the Commonwealth. The amended agreement, which, as of November 21, 2007, has not yet been entered into, is expected, among other things, to reflect this change in the application of certain cost recoveries.

On June 4, 2007, the Commonwealth received final payment of a $58.5 million settlement with American International Group (AIG) for reimbursement of delayed credits to the owner-controlled insurance program for the CA/T project and accrued interest on such delayed credits. The federal government recently determined that the portion of the principal reimbursement allocable to overpayments made by the federal government which must be credited back to the federal government would be re-obligated to the CA/T project, resulting in no net impact on the federal funding commitment for the project. The federal government has indicated, however, that it will reduce future federal contributions to the project by $29 million, representing the portion of the settlement allocable to the federal share of accrued interest on the delayed credits. Of the $58.5 million of settlement proceeds received by the Commonwealth, $23.7 million has been transferred to pay remaining costs of the CA/T project (thereby offsetting most of the impact of the $29 million reduction), and the balance has been expended by the Commonwealth for general purposes.

As of November 21, 2007, the federal review of the finance plan update was near completion. The Commonwealth anticipated receiving $133 million in withheld funds upon federal approval of the update. One issue raised by the federal government in the course of its review was that the finance plan is based on an assumption that the remaining deductible liability payable to AIG from the owner-controlled insurance program trust for construction-related CA/T project claims will be sold and that there is insufficient evidence of AIG’s willingness to grant the required approval for the sale of such liability. As of November 21, 2007, the Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority were engaged in negotiations with AIG to obtain AIG’s approval of the sale or of another option for liquidating excess amounts on deposit in the insurance trust to satisfy cash flow needs identified in the updated finance plan. The Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority anticipated obtaining a commitment from AIG to grant the desired approval. In the event AIG did not grant the desired approval, the Turnpike Authority or the Commonwealth would need to temporarily fund approximately $30 million of CA/T project costs to complete the project, but, as of November 21, 2007, it was expected that this amount would be reimbursed over time as final claims are paid from the insurance trust and excess amounts in the trust are released.

The revised project cost estimates are based on assumptions concerning the resolution of claims, liquidated damages and back charges to the Turnpike Authority that the Turnpike Authority believes to be reasonable. The actual resolution of such amounts could vary from those assumptions, and the Federal Highway Administration, in its review of the finance plan update, could arrive at different conclusions as to whether these assumptions are sound. The order of magnitude of the additional exposure related to such claims, liquidated damages and back charges is $160 million.

CA/T Project Cash Flow. Through fiscal 2006, $14.206 billion has been expended on CA/T Project costs. Current estimates identify to-go cash flow needs of $297 million in fiscal 2007, $260 million in fiscal 2008 and $35 million thereafter. This includes project cost increases as a result of changes in scope and delay in completion of the project, including delays and increased costs attributable to redeployment of CA/T Project staff and contractors to address the remediation of the July 2006 incident described below. The updated finance plan being developed is expected to identify the sources of funding for such cash flow needs. Since federal funds have not been received on the schedule previously anticipated, the Commonwealth has made funds available to the CA/T Project to bridge the ultimate receipt of federal funds. The Commonwealth expects to continue this practice, to the extent necessary, until the federal funds are received.

July 2006 Incident and Other Quality Concerns. On July 10, 2006, panels fell from the ceiling of the eastbound Interstate 90 connector tunnel that leads to the Ted Williams Tunnel, causing the death of an

 

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automobile passenger. The incident caused substantial property damage and resulted in other significant costs. There are ongoing federal and state investigations. Following the incident and pursuant to a new state law, the Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works assumed oversight and responsibility for the inspection and remediation of the Interstate 90 connector tunnel. In addition, the Commonwealth instituted a comprehensive safety audit of all tunnels that are part of the Metropolitan Highway System, including the tunnels that are part of the CA/T Project, and the Legislature appropriated $20 million to fund the audit, which is ongoing. Repairs and other work related to the July 2006 incident are expected to cost $54 million. These costs are currently being borne by the Commonwealth. There are additional costs being incurred by the Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority related to the July 2006 incident. While the Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority anticipate that all such costs are subject to recovery, the amount of such recovery is unknown at this time.

In addition, Massport, which has agreed to acquire certain portions of the CA/T Project consisting of roadways, viaducts and other structures located at Logan International Airport in East Boston, has advised the Commonwealth that it is not satisfied with the condition of certain of these facilities. The Turnpike Authority has budgeted what it believes to be the cost of addressing needed repairs to the property being transferred to Massport in order to address Massport issues that the Turnpike Authority accepts, and some of this work is already scheduled to be done. On June 15, 2007, Massport paid $25.1 million of the $50 million balance of the purchase price that Massport was required to pay to the Commonwealth for the transfer to Massport of certain portions of the CA/T project, and paid $12.5 million to the Commonwealth on July 20, 2007. The $12.4 million balance is expected to be paid when the Turnpike Authority and the Massachusetts Highway Department complete the transfer of title to portions of the CA/T project in accordance with the agreement between the agencies. It should be noted that this will not directly affect the CA/T Project’s cash flow, since the Commonwealth advanced the $50 million to the project several years ago in anticipation of reimbursement by Massport.

On July 10, 2007, the National Transportation Safety Board released its findings pertaining to the collapse of several concrete suspended ceiling panels in the Interstate 90 connector. The Board’s assessment was that the proximate cause of the failure was the use of a fast-setting epoxy anchoring system which was susceptible to “creep”—the tendency for slippage or elongation with the application of sustained tensile loads. Subsequent to the collapse, a full inspection was conducted, and, as of November 21, 2007, continues, inspecting all aspects of the project’s design, construction and life safety systems. Immediate concerns have been remediated with additional design modifications and adjustments made as necessary to ensure the safety of the motoring public.

Additional quality issues may emerge as the safety audit and other investigations proceed. Formulating estimates of needed contingencies is an inexact process.

SEC Inquiry. In late August and early September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) sent certain departments and instrumentalities of the Commonwealth letters requesting voluntary provision of documents and information regarding safety reviews of the CA/T Project during the period January 1, 2004 to the present and related disclosures. The Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority are cooperating with the SEC.

COMMONWEALTH BUDGET AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CONTROLS

Operating Fund Structure

The Commonwealth’s operating fund structure satisfies the requirements of state finance law and is in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), as defined by the Government Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”). The General Fund and other funds that are appropriated in the annual state budget receive most of the non-bond and non-federal grant revenues of the Commonwealth. These funds are referred to as the “budgeted operating funds” of the Commonwealth. Budgeted operating funds are created and repealed from time to time through the enactment of legislation, and existing funds may become inactive when no appropriations are made from them. Budgeted operating funds do not include the capital projects funds of the Commonwealth, into which the proceeds of Commonwealth bonds are deposited.

 

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Two of the budgeted operating funds account for most of the Commonwealth’s appropriated spending: the General Fund and the Highway Fund, from which approximately 97.1 % of the statutory basis budgeted operating fund expenditures in fiscal 2006 were made. The remaining approximately 2.9% of statutory operating fund expenditures occurred in other operating funds: the Commonwealth Stabilization Fund; the Workforce Training Fund; the Massachusetts Tourism Fund; the Children’s and Seniors’ Health Care Assistance Fund (which closed at the end of fiscal 2006); the Inland Fisheries and Game Fund; and three administrative control funds, including the Temporary Holding Fund, the Intragovernmental Service Fund, and the Transitional Escrow Fund. There were also three inactive funds which were authorized by law but had no activity: the Division of Energy Resources Credit Trust Fund; the Tax Reduction Fund; and the collective Bargaining Reserve Fund. The Federal Medicaid Assistance Percentage Escrow Fund, created in fiscal 2004 to hold and allow expenditure of one-time funds provided by the federal government to the states for one-time fiscal relief, expired as of the close of fiscal 2005. The Transitional Escrow Fund, created to account for undesignated fund balances in budgeted funds at the close of fiscal 2005 and carry them forward into fiscal 2006, expired on June 30, 2006.

At the end of a fiscal year, undesignated balances in the budgeted operating funds, unless excluded by law, are used to calculate consolidated net surplus. Under state finance law, balances in the Stabilization Fund and the Tax Reduction Fund, both of which may receive consolidated net surplus funds, and in the Inland Fisheries and Game Fund are excluded from the consolidated net surplus calculation. The balance in the Transitional Escrow Fund was not included in consolidated net surplus at the end of fiscal 2005, since it was established with surplus funds that remained after a number of mandated transfers to carry that money forward from fiscal 2005 to be available for expenditure in fiscal 2006.

Overview of Operating Budget Process

Generally, funds for the Commonwealth’s programs and services must be appropriated by the Legislature. The process of preparing a budget begins with the Executive branch early in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the budget will take effect. The legislative budgetary process begins in late January (or, in the case of a newly elected Governor, not later than early March) with the Governor’s budget submission to the Legislature for the fiscal year commencing in the ensuing July. The Massachusetts constitution requires that the Governor recommend to the Legislature a budget which contains a statement of all proposed expenditures of the Commonwealth for the upcoming fiscal year, including those already authorized by law, and of all taxes, revenues, loans and other means by which such expenditures are to be defrayed. State finance law requires the Legislature and the Governor to approve a balanced budget for each fiscal year, and the Governor may approve no supplementary appropriation bills that would result in an unbalanced budget. However, this is a statutory requirement that may be superseded by an appropriation act.

The House Ways and Means Committee considers the Governor’s budget recommendations and, with revisions, proposes a budget to the full House of Representatives. Once approved by the House, the budget is considered by the Senate Ways and Means Committee, which in turn proposes a budget to be considered by the full Senate. In recent years, the legislative budget review process has included joint hearings by the Ways and Means Committees of the Senate and the House. After Senate action, a legislative conference committee develops a joint budget recommendation for consideration by both houses of the Legislature, which upon adoption is sent to the Governor. Under the Massachusetts constitution, the Governor may veto the budget in whole or disapprove or reduce specific line items (line item veto). The Legislature may override the Governor’s veto or specific line-item vetoes by a two-thirds vote of both the House and Senate. The annual budget legislation, as finally enacted, is known as the General Appropriations Act (“GAA”).

In years in which the GAA is not approved by the Legislature and the Governor before the beginning of the applicable fiscal year, the Legislature and the Governor generally approve a temporary budget under which funds for the Commonwealth’s programs and services are appropriated based upon the level of appropriations from the prior fiscal year budget.

 

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State finance law requires the Commonwealth to monitor revenues and expenditures during a fiscal year. For example, the Secretary of Administration and Finance is required to provide quarterly revenue estimates to the Governor and the Legislature, and the Comptroller publishes a quarterly report of planned and actual revenues. Department heads are required to notify the Secretary of Administration and Finance and the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means of any anticipated decrease in estimated revenues for their departments from the federal government or other sources or if it appears that any appropriation will be insufficient to meet all expenditures required in the fiscal year by any law, rule, regulation or order not subject to the administrative control. The Secretary of Administration and Finance must notify the Governor and the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means whenever the Secretary determines that revenues will be insufficient to meet authorized expenditures. The Secretary of Administration and Finance is then required to compute projected deficiencies and, under Section 9C of Chapter 29 of the General Laws, the Governor is required to reduce allotments, to the extent lawfully permitted to do so, or submit proposals to the Legislature to raise additional revenues or to make appropriations from the Stabilization Fund to cover such deficiencies. The Supreme Judicial Court has ruled that the Governor’s authority to reduce allotments of appropriated funds extends only to appropriations of funds to state agencies under the Governor’s control.

Cash and Budgetary Controls

The Commonwealth has in place controls designed to ensure that sufficient cash is available to meet the Commonwealth’s obligations, that state expenditures are consistent with periodic allotments of annual appropriations and that monies are expended consistently with statutory and public purposes. Two independently elected Executive Branch officials, the State Treasurer and the State Auditor, conduct the cash management and audit functions, respectively. The Comptroller conducts the expenditure control function. The Secretary of Administration and Finance is the Governor’s chief fiscal officer and provides overall coordination of fiscal activities.

Capital Investment Process and Controls

Capital expenditures are primarily financed with debt proceeds, federal reimbursements, payments from third parties and transfers from other governmental funds. Authorization for capital investments requires approval by the Legislature, and the issuance of debt must be approved by a two-thirds vote of each house of the Legislature. Upon such approval to issue debt, the Governor submits a bill to the Legislature, as required by the state constitution, to set the terms and conditions of the borrowing for the authorized debt. The Governor, through the Secretary of Administration and Finance, controls the amount of capital expenditures through the allotment of funds in support of such authorizations, and therefore controls the amount of debt issued to finance such expenditures.

Based on outstanding authorizations, the Executive Office for Administration and Finance, at the direction of the Governor and in conjunction with the cabinet and other officials, establishes a capital investment plan. The plan is an administrative guideline and subject to amendment at any time. The plan assigns authority for secretariats and agencies to spend on capital projects and is reviewed each fiscal year. The primary policy objectives of the plan are to determine and prioritize the Commonwealth’s investment needs, to determine the affordable level of debt that may be issued and the other funding sources available to address these investment needs, and to allocate these limited capital investment resources among the highest priority projects.

The Comptroller has established various funds to account for financial activity related to the acquisition or construction of capital assets. In addition, accounting procedures and financial controls have been instituted to limit agency capital spending to the levels approved by the Governor. All agency capital spending is tracked against the capital investment plan on both a cash and encumbrance accounting basis on the state’s accounting system, and federal reimbursements are budgeted and monitored against anticipated receipts.

Cash Management Practices of State Treasurer

The State Treasurer is responsible for ensuring that all Commonwealth financial obligations are met on a timely basis. The Massachusetts constitution requires that all payments by the Commonwealth (other than debt

 

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service) be made pursuant to a warrant approved by the Governor’s Council. The Comptroller prepares certificates which, with the advice and consent of the Governor’s Council and approval of the Governor, become the warrant to the State Treasurer. Once the warrant is approved, the State Treasurer’s office disburses the money.

The Cash Management Division of the State Treasurer’s office accounts on a daily basis for cash received into over 600 separate accounts of the Department of Revenue and other Commonwealth agencies and departments. The Division relies primarily upon electronic receipt and disbursement systems.

The State Treasurer is required to submit quarterly cash flow projections for the then current fiscal year to the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means on or before each September 1, December 1, March 1 and June 1. The projections must include estimated sources and uses of cash, together with the assumptions from which such estimates were derived and identification of any cash flow gaps. The State Treasurer’s office also oversees the Commonwealth’s commercial paper program. The State Treasurer’s office, in conjunction with the Executive Office for Administration and Finance, is also required to develop quarterly and annual cash management plans to address any gap identified by the cash flow projections and variance reports.

Fiscal Control, Accounting and Reporting Practices of Comptroller

The Comptroller is responsible for oversight of fiscal management functions, establishment of accounting policies and practices and publication of official financial reports. The Comptroller maintains the Massachusetts Management Accounting and Reporting System (“MMARS”), the centralized state accounting system that is used by all state agencies and departments but not independent state authorities. MMARS provides a ledger-based system of revenue and expenditure accounts enabling the Comptroller to control obligations and expenditures effectively and to ensure that appropriations are not exceeded during the course of the fiscal year. The Commonwealth’s statewide accounting system also has various modules for receivables, payables, fixed assets and other processes management.

Expenditure Controls. The Comptroller requires that the amount of all obligations under purchase orders, contracts and other commitments for the expenditures of monies be recorded as encumbrances. Once encumbered, these amounts are not available to support additional spending commitments. As a result of these encumbrances, spending agencies can use MMARS to determine at any given time the amount of their appropriations available for future commitments.

The Comptroller is responsible for compiling expenditure requests into the certificates for approval by the Governor’s Council. In preparing these certificates, which become the warrant, the Comptroller’s office has systems in place to ensure that the necessary monies for payment have been both appropriated by the Legislature and allotted by the Governor in each account and sub-account. By law, certain obligations may be placed upon the warrant even if the supporting appropriation or allotment is insufficient. These obligations include debt service, which is specifically exempted by the state constitution from the warrant requirement, and Medicaid payments, which are mandated by federal law.

Although state finance law generally does not create priorities among types of payments to be made by the Commonwealth in the event of a cash shortfall, the Comptroller has developed procedures, in consultation with the State Treasurer and the Executive Office for Administration and Finance, for prioritizing payments based upon state finance law and sound fiscal management practices. Under those procedures, debt service on the Commonwealth’s bonds and notes is given the highest priority among the Commonwealth’s various payment obligations.

Internal Controls. The Comptroller establishes internal control policies and procedures in accordance with state finance law. Agencies are required to adhere to such policies and procedures. All unaccounted-for variances, losses, shortages or thefts of funds or property must be reported to the State Auditor, who is authorized to investigate and recommend corrective action.

 

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Statutory Basis of Accounting. In accordance with state law, the Commonwealth adopts its budget and maintains financial information on a statutory basis of accounting. Under the statutory basis, tax and departmental revenues are accounted for on a modified cash basis by reconciling revenue to actual cash receipts confirmed by the State Treasurer. Certain limited revenue accruals are also recognized, including receivables from federal reimbursements with respect to paid expenditures. Expenditures are measured on a modified cash basis including actual cash disbursements and encumbrances for goods or services received prior to the end of a fiscal year.

For certain programs, such as Medicaid, expenditures are recognized under the statutory basis of accounting only to the extent of disbursements supported by current-year appropriations. Some prior year services billed after the start of a fiscal year have been paid from the new fiscal year’s appropriation, in an amount determined by the specific timing of billings and the amount of prior year funds that remained after June 30 to pay the prior year’s accrued billings, though this practice may vary from year to year.

GAAP Basis of Accounting. The Comptroller also prepares Commonwealth financial statements on a GAAP basis. The primary emphasis is to demonstrate inter-period equity through the use of modified accrual accounting and full accrual accounting for the recognition of revenues and expenditures or expenses. In addition to the primary government, certain independent authorities and agencies of the Commonwealth are included as component units within the Commonwealth’s reporting entity, primarily as non-budgeted enterprise funds.

GAAP employs an economic resources management focus and a current financial resources management focus as two bases for accounting and reporting. Under the economic resources management focus (also called the “entity-wide perspective”), revenues and expenses (different from expenditures) are presented similarly to private-sector entities. Revenues are recorded when earned and expenses are recorded when a liability is incurred, regardless of the timing of cash flows. Grants and similar items are recognized as revenues as soon as all eligibility requirements imposed by the provider have been met. Capital assets, including infrastructure assets net of depreciation, and the long-term portion of all liabilities are reported on the statement of net assets.

Under the current financial resources management focus of GAAP (also called the “fund perspective”), revenues are reported in the period in which they become both measurable and available. Revenues are considered available when they are expected to be collected within the current period or soon enough thereafter to be used to pay liabilities of the current period.

Significant revenues susceptible to accrual include income, sales and use, corporation and other taxes, federal grants and reimbursements and reimbursements for the use of materials and services. Tax accruals, which include the estimated amounts due to the Commonwealth on previous filings, over- and under-withholdings, estimated payments on income earned and tax refunds and abatements payable, are all recorded as adjustments to statutory basis tax revenues.

Major expenditure accruals are recorded for the cost of Medicaid claims that have been incurred but not paid, claims and judgments and workers’ compensation claims incurred but not reported.

Audit Practices of State Auditor

The State Auditor is mandated under state law to conduct an audit at least once every two years of all activities of the Commonwealth. The audit encompasses 750 entities, including the court system and the independent authorities, and includes an overall evaluation of management operations. The State Auditor also has the authority to audit federally aided programs and vendors under contract with the Commonwealth, as well as to conduct special audit projects. The State Auditor conducts both financial compliance and performance audits in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States. In addition, and in conjunction with an independent public accounting firm, the State Auditor performs a significant portion of the audit work relating to the state single audit.

 

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Within the State Auditor’s office is the Division of Local Mandates, which evaluates all proposed and actual legislation to determine the financial impact on the Commonwealth’s cities and towns. In accordance with state law, the Commonwealth is required to reimburse cities and towns for any costs incurred through mandated programs established after the passage of Proposition 2 1/2, the statewide tax limitation enacted by the voters in 1980, unless expressly exempted from those provisions, and the State Auditor’s financial analysis is used to establish the amount of reimbursement due to the Commonwealth’s cities and towns.

Also within the State Auditor’s office is the Bureau of Special Investigations, which is charged with the responsibility of investigating fraud within public assistance programs.

LONG TERM LIABILITIES

General Authority to Borrow

Under its constitution, the Commonwealth may borrow money (a) for defense or in anticipation of receipts from taxes or other sources, any such loan to be paid out of the revenue of the year in which the loan is made, or (b) by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house of the Legislature present and voting thereon. The constitution further provides that borrowed money shall not be expended for any other purpose than that for which it was borrowed or for the reduction or discharge of the principal of the loan. In addition, the Commonwealth may give, loan or pledge its credit by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house of the Legislature present and voting thereon, but such credit may not in any manner be given or loaned to or in aid of any individual, or of any private association, or of any corporation which is privately owned or managed.

The Commonwealth has waived its sovereign immunity and consented to be sued on contractual obligations, which term includes bonds and notes issued by it and all claims with respect thereto. However, the property of the Commonwealth is not subject to attachment or levy to pay a judgment, and the satisfaction of any judgment generally requires legislative appropriation. Enforcement of a claim for payment of principal of or interest on bonds and notes of the Commonwealth may also be subject to the provisions of federal or Commonwealth statutes, if any, hereafter enacted extending the time for payment or imposing other constraints upon enforcement, insofar as the same may be constitutionally applied. The United States Bankruptcy Code is not applicable to states.

Statutory Limit on Direct Debt. Legislation enacted in December 1989 imposes a limit on the amount of outstanding “direct” bonds of the Commonwealth. The law, which is codified in Section 60A of Chapter 29 of the General Laws, set a fiscal 1991 limit of $6.8 billion and provided that the limit for each subsequent fiscal year was to be 105% of the previous fiscal year’s limit. This limit is calculated under the statutory basis of accounting, which differs from GAAP in that the principal amount of outstanding bonds is measured net of underwriters’ discount, costs of issuance and other financing costs. The law further provides that bonds to be refunded from the proceeds of Commonwealth refunding bonds are to be excluded from outstanding “direct” bonds upon the issuance of the refunding bonds. Pursuant to special legislation enacted over the years, certain outstanding Commonwealth debt obligations are not counted in computing the amount of bonds subject to the limit, including Commonwealth refunding/restructuring bonds issued in September and October 1991, federal grant anticipation notes, bonds issued to pay operating notes issued by the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (“MBTA”) or to reimburse the Commonwealth for advances to the MBTA, bonds payable from the Central Artery and Statewide Road and Bridge Infrastructure Fund and bonds issued to finance the Massachusetts School Building Authority (“MSBA”). The statutory limit on “direct” bonds during fiscal 2007 was approximately $14.8 billion.

Limit on Debt Service Appropriations. In January 1990, legislation was enacted to impose a limit on debt service appropriations in Commonwealth budgets beginning in fiscal 1991. The law, which is codified as Section 60B of Chapter 29 of the General Laws, provides that no more than 10% of the total appropriations in any fiscal year may be expended for payment of interest and principal on general obligation debt of the

 

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Commonwealth. Debt service relating to bonds that are excluded from the debt limit on direct debt is not included in the limit on debt service appropriations. Section 60B is subject to amendment or repeal by the Legislature at any time and may be superseded in the annual appropriations act for any year.

Commonwealth Debt. The Commonwealth is authorized to issue three types of debt directly—general obligation debt, special obligation debt and federal grant anticipation notes. General obligation debt is secured by a pledge of the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth. Special obligation debt may be secured either with a pledge of receipts credited to the Highway Fund or with a pledge of receipts credited to the Convention Center Fund. Federal grant anticipation notes are secured by a pledge of federal highway construction reimbursements.

Other Long-Term Liabilities. The Commonwealth is also authorized to pledge its credit in aid of and provide contractual support for certain independent authorities and political subdivisions within the Commonwealth. These Commonwealth liabilities are classified as (a) general obligation contract assistance liabilities, (b) budgetary contractual assistance liabilities or (c) contingent liabilities.

General obligation contract assistance liabilities arise from statutory requirements for payments by the Commonwealth to the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority and the Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority of 100% of the debt service of certain bonds issued by those authorities, as well as payments to the Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust and the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority that are not directly tied to debt service. Such liabilities constitute a pledge of the Commonwealth’s credit for which a two-thirds vote of the Legislature is required.

Budgetary contract assistance liabilities arise from statutory requirements for payments by the Commonwealth under capital leases, including leases supporting certain bonds issued by the Chelsea Industrial Development Financing Authority and the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association and other contractual agreements, including a contract supporting certain certificates of participation issued for Plymouth County. Such liabilities do not constitute a pledge of the Commonwealth’s credit.

Contingent liabilities relate to debt obligations of independent authorities and agencies of the Commonwealth that are expected to be paid without Commonwealth assistance, but for which the Commonwealth has some kind of liability if expected payment sources do not materialize. These liabilities consist of guaranties and similar obligations with respect to which the Commonwealth’s credit has been pledged, as in the case of certain debt obligations of the MBTA, the Woods Hole, Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority and the higher education building authorities; and of statutorily contemplated payments with respect to which the Commonwealth’s credit has not been pledged, as in the case of the Commonwealth’s obligation to replenish the capital reserve funds securing certain debt obligations of the Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency and the Commonwealth’s obligation to fund debt service, solely from monies otherwise appropriated for the affected institution, owed by certain community colleges and state colleges on bonds issued by the Massachusetts Health and Educational Facilities Authority and the Massachusetts State College Building Authority.

General Obligation Debt

The Commonwealth issues general obligation bonds and notes pursuant to Chapter 29 of the General Laws. General obligation bonds and notes issued thereunder are deemed to be general obligations of the Commonwealth to which its full faith and credit is pledged for the payment of principal and interest when due, unless specifically provided otherwise on the face of such bond or note.

Notes. The Commonwealth is authorized to issue short-term general obligation debt as revenue anticipation notes or bond anticipation notes. Revenue anticipation notes may be issued by the State Treasurer in any fiscal year in anticipation of the receipts for that year. Revenue anticipation notes must be repaid no later than the close of the fiscal year in which they are issued. Bond anticipation notes may be issued by the State Treasurer in anticipation of the issuance of bonds, including special obligation convention center bonds. As of May 9, 2007,

 

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the Commonwealth had liquidity support for a $1 billion commercial paper program for general obligation notes, through five $200 million credit lines which expire in December 2007, September 2008, June 2010, December 2010 and November 2015, respectively.

Synthetic Fixed Rate Bonds. In connection with the issuance of certain general obligation bonds that were issued as variable rate bonds, the Commonwealth has entered into interest rate exchange (or “swap”) agreements with certain counterparties pursuant to which the counterparties are obligated to pay the Commonwealth an amount equal to the variable rate payment on the related bonds and the Commonwealth is obligated to pay the counterparties a stipulated fixed rate. Only the net difference in interest payments is actually exchanged with the counterparty, and the Commonwealth is responsible for making interest payments to the variable rate bondholders. The effect of the agreements is to fix the Commonwealth’s interest payment obligations with respect to the variable rate bonds. The Commonwealth will be exposed to a variable rate if the counterparties default or if the swap agreements are terminated. Termination of a swap agreement may also result in the Commonwealth’s making or receiving a termination payment. The variable rate bonds associated with such swaps are supported by stand-by bond purchase liquidity facilities with commercial banks, which require the applicable bank to purchase any bonds that are tendered and not successfully remarketed. Unless and until remarketed, the Commonwealth would be required to pay the bank interest on such bonds at a rate equal to the bank’s prime rate. In addition, the Commonwealth would be required to amortize the principal of any such bonds according to an accelerated schedule. Such liquidity facilities expire well before the final maturity date of the related bonds and are expected to be renewed. As of April 2, 2007, the amount of such variable rate bonds outstanding with a synthetic fixed rate agreement was approximately $2.198 billion.

Variable Rate Demand Bonds, Auction Rate Securities and U.Plan Bonds. As of April 2, 2007, the Commonwealth had outstanding approximately $625.6 million of variable rate demand bonds (not converted to a synthetic fixed rate as described above) in a daily interest rate mode, with liquidity support provided by commercial banks under agreements terminating in January 2009, March 2011, March 2013 and December 2015. As of April 2, 2007, the Commonwealth had outstanding $401.5 million of auction rate securities in a seven-day interest rate mode. As of April 2, 2007, the Commonwealth had outstanding approximately $86.3 million of variable rate “U.Plan” bonds, sold in conjunction with a college savings program administered by the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority, which bear deferred interest at a rate equal to the percentage change in the consumer price index plus 2%, together with the interest, as of May 9, 2007, at the rate of 0.5%.

Recent Developments. On May 30, 2007, the Commonwealth issued general obligation bonds to defease all outstanding Massachusetts Convention Center Authority and Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority bonds with respect to which the Commonwealth was liable for general obligation contact assistance. In addition, on May 30, 2007, the Commonwealth reduced its budgetary contract assistance liability for lease revenue bonds issued by the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association by issuing general obligation bonds to defease approximately $53.4 million of such bonds.

Special Obligation Debt

Highway Fund. Section 2O of Chapter 29 of the General Laws authorizes the Commonwealth to issue special obligation bonds secured by all or a portion of revenues accounted to the Highway Fund. Revenues, which are currently accounted to the Highway Fund, are primarily derived from taxes and fees relating to the operation or use of motor vehicles in the Commonwealth, including the motor fuels excise tax. Chapter 33 of the Acts of 1991 authorizes the Commonwealth to issue such special obligation bonds in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1.125 billion. As of April 2, 2007, the Commonwealth had outstanding $649.9 million of such special obligation bonds, including $640.4 million of such bonds secured by a pledge of 6.86¢ of the 21¢ motor fuels excise tax. These amounts are exclusive of crossover refunding bonds, which have been issued to refund a portion of the outstanding special obligation bonds described above in fiscal 2008 and 2012.

Convention Center Fund. Chapter 152 of the Acts of 1997, as amended, authorizes $694.4 million of special obligation bonds to be issued for the purposes of building a new convention center in Boston ($609.4 million),

 

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the Springfield Civic Center ($66 million) and the Worcester convention center ($19 million). The bonds are payable from monies credited to the Convention Center Fund created by such legislation, which include certain hotel tax receipts from hotels in Boston, Cambridge, Springfield and Worcester, a surcharge on car rentals in Boston, a parking surcharge at all three facilities, a surcharge on sightseeing tours and cruises in Boston and sales tax receipts from certain hotels and other retail establishments in Boston, Cambridge and Springfield. The legislation requires a capital reserve fund to be maintained at a level equal to maximum annual debt service and provides that if the fund falls below its required balance the 2.75% convention center financing fee in Boston is to be increased (though the overall hotel tax in Boston, including the fee, cannot exceed 14%). In June 2004, the Commonwealth issued $686.7 million of special obligation bonds secured solely by the pledge of receipts of tax revenues within the special districts surrounding the centers and other special revenues connected to such facilities, $638.7 million of which remain outstanding as of April 2, 2007.

Federal Grant Anticipation Notes

The Commonwealth has issued federal grant anticipation notes yielding aggregate net proceeds of $1.5 billion, the full amount authorized, to finance the current cash flow needs of the Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel Project (“CA/T Project”) in anticipation of future federal reimbursements. The legislation authorizing such notes contains a statutory covenant that as long as any such grant anticipation notes remain outstanding, the Commonwealth will deposit all federal highway reimbursements into the Grant Anticipation Note Trust Fund, to be released to the Commonwealth once all the debt service and reserve funding obligations of the trust agreement securing the grant anticipation notes have been met. If the United States Congress reduces the aggregate amount appropriated nationwide for federal highway spending to less than $17.1 billion and debt service coverage with respect to the notes falls below 120%, then the legislation further pledges that 10¢ per gallon of existing motor fuel tax collections will be deposited into the trust fund, to be used for debt service on the notes, subject to legislative appropriation. Principal amortization of the notes began in fiscal 2006 and will continue through fiscal 2015. Under the trust agreement securing the notes, aggregate annual debt service on grant anticipation notes may not exceed $216 million. Such notes and the interest thereon are secured solely by the pledge of federal highway construction reimbursement payments and by a contingent pledge of certain motor fuels excises. In practice, the interest on such notes has been paid from state appropriations.

On July 16, 2003, the Commonwealth issued special obligation refunding notes for the purpose of refunding approximately $408 million of outstanding federal grant anticipation notes in 2008 and in 2010. Pursuant to the crossover refunding method employed, interest on the notes will be paid solely by an escrow account established with the proceeds of the notes. Upon the redemption of $408 million of outstanding federal grant anticipation notes on the crossover dates in 2008 and 2010, the refunding notes will become secured by the Grant Anticipation Note Trust Fund.

As of April 2, 2007, $1.728 billion of such notes, inclusive of the special obligation crossover refunding notes, remain outstanding.

General Obligation Contract Assistance Liabilities

Massachusetts Convention Center Authority. The Massachusetts Convention Center Authority (“MCCA”) was created for the purpose of promoting the economic development of the Commonwealth through the operation of the Hynes Convention Center, the Boston Common Parking Garage and the Springfield Convention Center (now called the MassMutual Center). In addition, the MCCA has overseen the construction of and is now operating the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. The MCCA has issued bonds which are fully secured by contract assistance payments by the Commonwealth, which payments are limited by statute to an amount equal to the annual debt service on $200 million of bonds outstanding at any one time. The assistance contract is a general obligation of the Commonwealth for which its full faith and credit is pledged. As of April 2, 2007, the MCCA had $14.7 million of such bonds outstanding. On May 9, 2007, pursuant to recently enacted legislation, the Commonwealth sold its own general obligation bonds to refund these MCCA bonds and thereby refinance its

 

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outstanding contract assistance liability. The Commonwealth bonds are expected to be delivered on May 30, 2007. The outstanding MCCA bonds do not include the bonds issued to finance construction of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center and the renovation and expansion of the MassMutual Center; these projects were financed by the issuance of Commonwealth special obligation bonds.

Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority. Pursuant to legislation approved May 24, 1999, the Commonwealth entered into a contract for financial assistance with the Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority in June 2000 obligating the Commonwealth to pay the full amount of the debt service on bonds issued to finance up to $70 million of capital expenditures for infrastructure improvements related to the construction of a new professional football stadium in the town of Foxborough. The obligation of the Commonwealth to make such payments is a general obligation for which the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth is pledged. Under the authorizing legislation the Commonwealth is to receive $400,000 per year in parking fees for stadium-related events, an administrative fee of $1 million per year from the stadium lessee and will be entitled to recover from the stadium lessee a portion of its contract assistance payments if professional football ceases being played at the stadium during the term of the bonds. As of April 2, 2007, the Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority had $60.4 million of such bonds outstanding. No more such bonds may be issued under current law. On May 9, 2007, pursuant to recently enacted legislation, the Commonwealth sold its own general obligation bonds to refund these Foxborough bonds and thereby refinance its outstanding contract assistance liability. The Commonwealth bonds were expected to be delivered on May 30, 2007.

Massachusetts Turnpike Authority. The Commonwealth is obligated to pay contract assistance to the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority pursuant to legislation enacted in 1998 and a contract for financial assistance dated as of February 19, 1999 between the Turnpike Authority and the Commonwealth. The payments are in recognition of the financial burden imposed on the Turnpike Authority by virtue of its assumption of the responsibility for operation and maintenance of certain roadways in the Metropolitan Highway System that were formerly maintained by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth’s obligation to make such payments is a general obligation for which the faith and credit of the Commonwealth is pledged for the benefit of the Turnpike Authority and its bondholders. The contract provides that no later than September 1 of each year the Turnpike Authority is to submit to the Secretary of Transportation a certificate setting forth the total amount of costs incurred by the Turnpike Authority during the prior fiscal year in connection with the operation and maintenance of the roadways covered by the contract. The contract further provides that as soon as practicable following receipt of such certificate, but no later than December 1 of such year, the Commonwealth is to pay the Turnpike Authority the amount set forth in such certificate, subject to Commonwealth review, provided that such annual payment may not be more than $25 million. Payments are required under the contract through fiscal year 2045.

Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust. The Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust was created to implement the Commonwealth’s state revolving fund program under Title VI of the federal Clean Water Act and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. The Trust is authorized to apply for and accept federal grants and associated Commonwealth matching grants to capitalize the revolving funds and to issue debt obligations to make loans to local governmental units to finance eligible water pollution abatement and water treatment projects. Under state law, each loan made by the Trust is required to provide for debt service subsidies or other financial assistance sufficient to result in most new loans being the financial equivalent of a two percent interest loan. To subsidize its loans, the Trust receives contract assistance payments from the Commonwealth. Under the Trust’s enabling act, the annual contract assistance maximum for the Clean Water Act program is $71 million, and the contract assistance maximum for the Safe Drinking Water Act program is $17 million. The contract assistance agreements constitute general obligations of the Commonwealth for which its faith and credit are pledged, and the Trust’s right to receive payments thereunder may be pledged by the Trust as security for repayment of the Trust’s debt obligations. As of May 1, 2007, the Trust had approximately $3.012 billion of bonds outstanding. Approximately 17% of the aggregate debt service on such bonds is expected to be paid from Commonwealth contract assistance.

 

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Budgetary Contractual Assistance Liabilities

Plymouth County Certificates of Participation. In May 1992, Plymouth County caused to be issued approximately $110.5 million of certificates of participation to finance the construction of a county correctional facility. In March 1999, Plymouth County caused to be issued approximately $140.1 million of certificates of participation to advance refund the 1992 certificates, construct an administration office building and auxiliary facilities near the county correctional facility and fund repairs and improvements to the facility. The Commonwealth, acting through the Executive Office of Public Safety and the Department of Correction, is obligated under a memorandum of agreement with Plymouth County to pay for the availability of 380 beds (out of 1,140) in the facility, regardless of whether 380 state prisoners are housed therein. The amounts payable by the Commonwealth will at least equal the debt service on the outstanding certificates of participation, but are subject to appropriation of such amounts by the Legislature in the annual budgetary line item for the Executive Office of Public Safety. The obligation of the Commonwealth under the memorandum of agreement does not constitute a general obligation or a pledge of the credit of the Commonwealth. As of April 2, 2007, such certificates were outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of $107.2 million.

City of Chelsea Commonwealth Lease Revenue Bonds. In November 1993, the Chelsea Industrial Development Financing Authority issued approximately $95.8 million of lease revenue bonds. The proceeds of the bonds were loaned to the Massachusetts Industrial Finance Agency (now MassDevelopment) and applied to the cost of the Massachusetts Information Technology Center, a tax processing facility of the Department of Revenue and a data processing information system center for the Department and for certain other departments and agencies of the Commonwealth. The bonds bear interest at a variable rate, and under an interest rate swap agreement that was entered into at the time, MassDevelopment receives variable rate payments with respect to the full amount of the bonds and is obligated to make fixed rate payments in exchange therefor. Simultaneously with the issuance of the bonds, the Commonwealth entered into a 30-year lease, which provides for the payment of debt service on the bonds and certain other expenses associated with the project. The obligations of the Commonwealth do not constitute a general obligation or a pledge of the credit of the Commonwealth or of MassDevelopment and are subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature. As of April 2, 2007, such bonds were outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of $73.1 million.

Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association Commonwealth Lease Revenue Bonds. In August 2000, the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association issued approximately $394.3 million of lease revenue bonds to finance the reconstruction and widening of a portion of state Route 3 North. In May 2002, the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association issued approximately $312.7 million of additional lease revenue bonds, $305.6 million of which were issued as refunding bonds. In connection with the financing, the Commonwealth leased the portion of the highway to be improved to the Association, and the Association leased the property back to the Commonwealth pursuant to a sublease. Under the sublease the Commonwealth is obligated to make payments equal to the debt service on the bonds and certain other expenses associated with the project. The obligations of the Commonwealth do not constitute a general obligation or a pledge of the credit of the Commonwealth and are subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature. As of April 2, 2007, the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association had $680.5 million of such lease revenue bonds outstanding. Pursuant to recently enacted legislation, the Commonwealth is authorized to refund these bonds by issuing its own general obligation bonds and thereby refinancing all or a portion of its outstanding lease liability. On May 9, 2007, the Commonwealth sold general obligation bonds to refund approximately $53.4 million of the lease revenue bonds. The Commonwealth bonds were expected to be delivered on May 30, 2007.

Saltonstall Building Redevelopment Corporation Project. In May 2002, MassDevelopment issued $195.8 million of lease revenue bonds pursuant to an agreement to loan the proceeds of the bonds to the MassDevelopment/Saltonstall Building Redevelopment Corporation (“MSBRC”). The loan was used to finance the redevelopment of the Saltonstall State Office Building. Under the provisions of the legislation relating to the building’s redevelopment, the building was leased to MSBRC for a term of up to 50 years, with extension terms permitted for an aggregate of 30 more years. MSBRC is obligated to pay $2.45 million per year to the

 

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Commonwealth for the lease. Due to lower than anticipated cash flow and required priority funding of the project reserve, rent and interest payments to the Commonwealth have accrued in the amounts of $2.65 million and $81,335 respectively, as of March 31, 2007. Rent payments will commence once the project reserve fund is replenished to $5 million, which is anticipated for late fiscal year 2008. MSBRC has renovated the building and subleased half of it back to the Commonwealth for office space and related parking (for a comparable lease term), in respect of which sublease the Commonwealth makes sublease payments to MSBRC. The remainder of the building has been redeveloped as private office space, as well as private housing units and retail establishments. The obligations of the Commonwealth under the office sublease do not constitute a general obligation or a pledge of the credit of the Commonwealth and are subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature. The Commonwealth’s full year costs include $7.065 million per year of base rent and parking space rent for the first five years, after which the parking space rent may be adjusted for fair market value every five years. In addition, included in the table below are the Commonwealth’s estimated pro-rata share of office operating expense reimbursements, escalating at 3% per year and also the Commonwealth’s replacement reserve contribution calculated at $.21 per rental square foot per year. As of March 31, 2007, MSBRC had $193.96 million of such lease revenue bonds outstanding for the Saltonstall Building redevelopment project.

Long-Term Operating Leases and Capital Leases. In addition to Commonwealth-owned buildings and facilities, the Commonwealth leases additional space from private parties. In certain circumstances, the Commonwealth has acquired certain types of capital assets under long-term capital leases; typically, these arrangements relate to computer and telecommunications equipment and to motor vehicles.

Contingent Liabilities

Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The MBTA issues its own bonds and notes and is also responsible for the payment of obligations issued by the Boston Metropolitan District prior to the creation of the MBTA in 1964. Prior to July 1, 2000, the Commonwealth supported MBTA bonds and notes through guaranties of the debt service on its bonds and notes, contract assistance generally equal to 90% of the debt service on outstanding MBTA bonds and payment of the MBTA’s net cost of service (current expenses, including debt service, minus current income). Beginning July 1, 2000, the Commonwealth’s annual obligation to support the MBTA for operating costs and debt service is limited to a portion of the revenues raised by the Commonwealth’s sales tax, but the Commonwealth remains contingently liable for the payment of MBTA bonds and notes issued prior to July 1, 2000. The Commonwealth’s obligation to pay such prior bonds is a general obligation for which its full faith and credit have been pledged. As of April 2, 2007, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority had approximately $1.4 billion of such prior bonds outstanding. Such bonds are currently scheduled to mature annually through fiscal 2030, with annual debt service in the range of approximately $198 million to $175 million through fiscal 2013 and declining thereafter.

Woods Hole, Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority. The Steamship Authority operates passenger ferries to Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket. The Steamship Authority issues its own bonds and notes. Commonwealth support of the bonds and notes of Steamship Authority includes a Commonwealth guaranty pursuant to statutory provisions requiring the Commonwealth to provide the Authority with funds sufficient to meet the principal of and interest on their bonds and notes as they mature to the extent that funds sufficient for this purpose are not otherwise available to such entity and the Commonwealth’s payment, under applicable statutory provisions, of the net cost of service of the Steamship Authority (current expenses, including debt service, minus current income). The Steamship Authority is currently self-supporting, requiring no net cost of service or contract assistance payments. As of April 2, 2007, the Steamship Authority had approximately $60 million of bonds outstanding and no notes outstanding. The Commonwealth’s obligations to the Steamship Authority are general obligations for which its full faith and credit have been pledged.

University of Massachusetts Building Authority and Massachusetts State College Building Authority. Two higher education building authorities, created to assist institutions of public higher education in the Commonwealth, may issue bonds which are guaranteed as to their principal and interest by the Commonwealth.

 

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The guaranty is a general obligation of the Commonwealth for which its full faith and credit is pledged. In addition to such guaranty, certain revenues of these authorities, including dormitory rental income and student union fees, are pledged to their respective debt service requirements. As of April 2, 2007, the University of Massachusetts Building Authority had approximately $29.8 million of Commonwealth-guaranteed debt outstanding, and the Massachusetts State College Building Authority had approximately $56.1 million of Commonwealth-guaranteed debt outstanding.

Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency (“MassHousing”). MassHousing is authorized to issue bonds to finance multi-family housing projects within the Commonwealth and to provide mortgage loan financing with respect to certain single-family residences within the Commonwealth. Such bonds are solely the obligations of MassHousing, payable directly or indirectly from, and secured by a pledge of, revenues derived from MassHousing’s mortgage on or other interest in the financed housing. MassHousing’s enabling legislation also permits the creation of a capital reserve fund in connection with the issuance of such bonds. No single-family housing bonds secured by capital reserve funds are outstanding, and no such bonds have been issued by MassHousing since 1985. As of June 30, 2006, MassHousing had outstanding approximately $419.8 million of multi-family housing bonds secured by capital reserve funds. Any such capital reserve fund must be in an amount at least equal to the maximum annual debt service in any succeeding calendar year on all outstanding bonds secured by such fund. All such capital reserve funds are maintained at their required levels. If amounts are withdrawn from a capital reserve fund to pay debt service on bonds secured by such fund, upon certification by the chairperson of MassHousing to the Governor of any amount necessary to restore the fund to the above-described requirement, the Legislature may, but is not legally bound to, make an appropriation in such amount. As of May 9, 2007, no such appropriation has been necessary to date.

Authorized But Unissued Debt

General obligation bonds of the Commonwealth are authorized to correspond with capital appropriations. Over the last decade, the Commonwealth has typically had a large amount of authorized but unissued debt. However, the Commonwealth’s actual expenditures for capital projects in a given year relate more to the capital needs which the Commonwealth determines it can afford to finance in such year than to the total amount of authorized but unissued debt.

Authorized but unissued debt is measured in accordance with the statutory basis of accounting, which is different from GAAP. Only the net proceeds of bonds issued (exclusive of underwriters’ discount, costs of issuance and other financing costs) are deducted from the amount of authorized but unissued debt. Therefore, the change in authorized but unissued debt at the end of any fiscal year is not intended to correlate to the change in the principal amount of debt outstanding as measured and reported in conformity with GAAP.

There is $38 million of authorized but unissued debt under Chapter 33 of the Acts of 1991 that can only be issued as special obligation bonds secured by receipts in the Commonwealth’s Highway Fund. In addition, several of the statutes authorizing general obligation bonds for transportation purposes also authorize such bonds to be issued as special obligation highway bonds, at the discretion of the Governor and the State Treasurer.

COMMONWEALTH REVENUES

In order to fund its programs and services, the Commonwealth collects a variety of taxes and receives revenues from other non-tax sources, including the federal government and various fees, fines, court revenues, assessments, reimbursements, interest earnings and transfers from its non-budgeted funds, which are deposited in the General Fund, the Highway Fund and other operating budgeted funds. For purposes of this disclosure, these funds will be referred to as budgeted operating funds, and revenues deposited in such funds will be referred to as budgeted operating revenues. In fiscal 2006, on a statutory basis, approximately 62.5% of the Commonwealth’s budgeted operating revenues and other financing sources were derived from state taxes. In addition, the federal

 

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government provided approximately 18.9% of such revenues, with the remaining 18.6% provided from departmental revenues and transfers from non-budgeted funds. The measurement of revenues for the budgeted operating funds on a statutory basis differs from governmental revenues on a GAAP basis. The Commonwealth’s executive and legislative branches establish the Commonwealth’s budget using the statutory basis of accounting.

State Taxes

The major components of state taxes are the income tax, which was projected to account for approximately 57.6% of total tax revenues in fiscal 2007, the sales and use tax, which was projected to account for approximately 21.22%, and the corporations and other business and excise taxes (including taxes on insurance, financial institutions and public utility corporations), which were projected to account for approximately 12.2%. Other tax and excise sources were projected to account for the remaining 8.99% of total fiscal 2007 tax revenues.

Effects of Tax Law Changes. During fiscal 2002 and fiscal 2003, legislation was implemented that had the net effect of reducing revenues by decreasing income tax rates or increasing or establishing various deductions and credits. In addition, several administrative changes were implemented that reduced revenues. During fiscal 2003, legislation was implemented that reversed or delayed some of the previous tax reductions, and implemented increases in other taxes. The incremental net effect of these tax law and administrative changes (relative to the immediately preceding fiscal year) was estimated by the Department of Revenue to have been a reduction of approximately $700 million of fiscal 2002 revenues. In fiscal 2003, tax law changes (including the so-called loophole closing measures described below) were estimated to have increased revenue collections by a net amount of approximately $1.005 billion. The Department of Revenue estimated that in fiscal 2004, the impact of tax law and administrative changes (including the non-recurrence of some fiscal 2003 revenues from certain loophole closings and that year’s tax amnesty program) reduced tax collections by approximately $110 million compared to fiscal 2003. The Department of Revenue estimated that tax law changes increased tax collections by approximately $31 million in fiscal 2005 compared to fiscal 2004, reduced tax collections by approximately $154 million in fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005, would reduce tax collections by approximately $113 million in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 and will reduce tax collections by approximately $48 million in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007.

Income Tax. The Commonwealth assesses personal income taxes at flat rates, according to classes of income, after specified deductions and exemptions. A rate of 5.3% has been applied to most types of income since January 1, 2002. The tax rate on gains from the sale of capital assets held for one year or less and from the sale of collectibles is 12%, and the tax rate on gains from the sale of capital assets owned more than one year is 5.3%. Interest on obligations of the United States and of the Commonwealth and its political subdivisions is exempt from taxation.

Prior to January 1, 1999, a different rate was applied to “Part A” income (generally, interest and dividends) and “Part B” income (generally, “earned” income from employment, professions, trades, businesses, rents and royalties). The rate on Part A income was 12% prior to January 1, 1999; it was reduced to 5.95% as of January 1, 1999 and as of January 1, 2000 is the same as the rate on Part B income. The rate on Part B income was 5.95% prior to January 1, 2000, when it was reduced to 5.85%. The rate on Part B income was reduced to 5.6% on January 1, 2001 and to 5.3% on January 1, 2002 by an initiative petition approved by Massachusetts voters on November 7, 2000. This initiative petition also mandated a reduction in the Part B rate to 5.0% on January 1, 2003.

Legislation enacted in July 2002 made several changes to the state income tax. These included a delay of the scheduled Part B tax rate reduction from 5.3% to 5.0% for at least four years, suspension of the deduction for charitable contributions and a 25% reduction in personal exemptions. This legislation also changed the tax structure for long-term capital gains (i.e., capital gains on assets held for more than one year). Prior to the legislation, long-term capital gains were taxed at rates ranging from 0% to 5%, depending on how long the asset had been held before sale. Effective January 1, 2003, long-term capital gains are taxed at the Part B income tax income rate, which was 5.3% as of May 9, 2007.

 

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The 2002 legislation also included a mechanism by which the tax year 2001 personal exemptions and charitable deductions could be gradually restored, and the tax rate on Part B income could be gradually reduced to 5.0%, contingent upon “baseline” state tax revenue growth (i.e., revenue growth after factoring out the impact of tax law and administrative processing changes) growing by 2% more than the rate of inflation for state and government purchases. Specifically, the personal exemption would be restored in four equal annual increases, contingent upon sufficient tax revenue growth in the immediately preceding fiscal year. Commencing in the year following the final personal exemption increase, the personal income tax rate would be reduced from 5.3% to 5.0% in six equal annual reductions of 0.05%, again contingent on sufficient revenue growth in each preceding fiscal year. In the tax year following that in which the personal income tax rate was reduced to 5.0%, the charitable deduction would be restored. In fiscal 2002 and 2003, tax revenue growth was such that personal exemptions remained at 2002 levels for tax years 2003 and 2004, respectively. In fiscal 2004, fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006, baseline tax revenue growth was sufficient to trigger an increase in the personal exemptions for tax years 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Based on the January 30, 2007 fiscal 2007 revenue estimate, fiscal 2007 tax revenue growth was not expected to be sufficient to trigger an increase in the personal exemption in tax year 2008. The next increase in the personal exemption will be the last before the personal income tax rate deductions are triggered, contingent on sufficient revenue growth.

The Department of Revenue estimates the following effects from the changes made in the July 2002 legislation:

 

   

Taxing capital gains at the Part B income rate increased fiscal 2003 revenues by approximately $250 million to $300 million, fiscal 2004 revenues by approximately $350 million to $400 million, fiscal 2005 revenues by approximately $720 million to $770 million and fiscal 2006 revenues by approximately $950 million to $1 billion and was expected to increase fiscal 2007 revenues by approximately $1.1 billion to $1.2 billion.

 

   

The delay in the Part B rate reduction resulted in approximately $200 million more in revenue during fiscal 2003 than would have been the case had the rate been reduced to 5.0% in calendar 2003, resulted in additional revenue of approximately $506 million in fiscal 2004, $556 million in fiscal 2005 and $595 million in fiscal 2006, and was projected to result in additional revenue of approximately $625 million in fiscal 2007.

 

   

The suspension of the deduction for charitable contributions increased revenues by approximately $170 million in fiscal 2003, $179 million in fiscal 2004, $185 million in fiscal 2005 and $190 million in fiscal 2006 and was projected to increase revenues by approximately $201 million in fiscal 2007.

 

   

The decrease in the personal exemption amounts resulted in approximately $325 million in additional tax collections in fiscal 2003. The 25% cut in personal exemptions was retroactive to January 1, 2002, with the retroactive portion of the tax increase being paid primarily when taxpayers filed their tax year 2002 income tax returns in the spring of 2003. The retroactive nature of the fiscal 2003 revenue impact caused the fiscal 2004 revenue gain to be smaller than it was in fiscal 2003. The Department of Revenue estimates that the fiscal 2004 impact of the personal exemption reductions was approximately $225 million. The partial restoration of the personal exemptions in tax years 2005 and 2006 reduced the amount raised by the initial personal exemption decreases. The Department of Revenue estimates that the additional revenue generated by the personal exemption increases fell to approximately $200 million in fiscal 2005, $140 million in fiscal 2006 and a projected $80 million in fiscal 2007.

On August 30, 2007, the Department of Revenue certified that fiscal 2007 baseline state tax revenue growth was sufficient to trigger an increase in income tax personal exemption amounts for tax year 2008, which increase is the final of four statutorily mandated personal exemption increases, the previous three having occurred in tax years 2005, 2006, and 2007. The Department of Revenue estimates that such increase in the personal exemption amounts for the 2008 tax year will reduce fiscal 2008 tax collections by approximately $25 million and will reduce fiscal 2009 tax collections by approximately $55 million.

 

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Sales and Use Tax. The Commonwealth imposes a 5% sales tax on retail sales of certain tangible property (including retail sales of meals) transacted in the Commonwealth and a corresponding 5% use tax on the storage, use or other consumption of like tangible properties brought into the Commonwealth. However, food, clothing, prescribed medicine, materials and produce used in food production, machinery, materials, tools and fuel used in certain industries and property subject to other excises (except for cigarettes) are exempt from sales taxation. The sales and use tax is also applied to sales of electricity, gas and steam for certain nonresidential use and to nonresidential and a portion of residential use of telecommunications services.

Sales tax receipts from establishments that first opened on or after July 1, 1997 and that are located near the site of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center, sales tax receipts from retail vendors in hotels in Boston and Cambridge that first opened on or after July 1, 1997 and sales tax receipts from retail vendors located in the Springfield Civic and Convention Center or in hotels near the Springfield Civic and Convention Center that first opened on or after July 1, 2000 are required to be credited to the Convention Center Fund. As of enactment of the fiscal 2004 GAA, this fund is no longer included in the calculation of revenues for budgeted operating funds.

A portion of the Commonwealth’s receipts from the sales tax (other than the tax on meals) is dedicated through trust funds to the MBTA and MSBA. The amount dedicated to the MBTA is the amount raised by a 1% sales tax (not including meals), with an inflation-adjusted floor. A comparable amount, though without the floor, will be dedicated to the MSBA beginning in fiscal 2010, with lesser amounts dedicated to the MSBA from fiscal 2005 through fiscal 2009.

Legislation enacted in March 2003, July 2004 and November 2005 closed several so-called tax loopholes related to the sales tax. These included changes to the taxation of promotional advertising materials, goods delivered through “drop shipments,” items that are fabricated outside of Massachusetts but sold in the state and the taxation of downloaded software that is pre-written or “canned.” The Department of Revenue estimated that these changes resulted in additional tax collections of $20-23 million in fiscal 2005, $34-48 million in fiscal 2006 and $71-81 million on an annualized basis thereafter.

The federal Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in late 2004, expanded the definition of “internet access” and thus had the effect of exempting from Massachusetts sales tax telecommunications services purchased, used or sold by a provider of internet access for use in providing internet access to its customers. Such telecommunications services had been taxed for Massachusetts sales and use tax purposes when purchased by a provider of internet access. The Department of Revenue estimates that the impact of this legislation was to reduce revenues by approximately $13 million in fiscal 2006 and $20-25 million annually thereafter.

Business Corporations Tax. Business corporations doing business in the Commonwealth, other than banks, trust companies, insurance companies, railroads, public utilities and safe deposit companies, are subject to an excise that has a property measure and an income measure. The value of Massachusetts tangible property (not taxed locally) or net worth allocated to the Commonwealth is taxed at $2.60 per $1,000 of value. The net income allocated to Massachusetts, which is based on net income for federal taxes, is taxed at 9.5%. The minimum tax is $456. Both rates and the minimum tax are inclusive of a 14% surtax.

In general, corporations apportion their income to Massachusetts based on the proportion of payroll, property and sales within the Commonwealth, with sales being double-weighted. However, beginning January 1, 1996, legislation was phased in over five years establishing a “single sales factor” apportionment formula for the business corporations tax. The formula calculates a firm’s taxable income as its net income times the percentage of its total sales that are in Massachusetts, as opposed to the prior formula that took other factors, such as payroll and property into account. Beginning January 1, 1997, legislation was phased in which sourced sales of mutual fund shares to the state of domicile of the purchaser instead of sourcing the sales to the state where the mutual fund provider bore the cost of performing services.

 

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Legislation enacted in March 2003, July 2004 and November 2005 closed several so-called loopholes in the corporate and financial institutions tax structure. Among these were provisions dealing with real estate investment trusts, qualified subchapter S subsidiaries and payments to related parties for intangible expenses. Excluding provisions related to financial institutions, the Department of Revenue estimates that these changes increased revenues by approximately $25 million in fiscal 2003, $129 million in fiscal 2004, $150 million in fiscal 2005 and $173 million in fiscal 2006, and that revenues will be increased by $178 million annually thereafter. The fiscal 2008 budget recommendations filed by the Governor in February 2007 call for additional changes in the corporate tax structure which are, as of May 9, 2007, being considered by the Legislature.

Financial Institutions Tax. Financial institutions (which include commercial and savings banks) are subject to an excise tax of 10.5%. Legislation enacted in March 2003 clarified the treatment of Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) distributions with respect to the dividends-received deduction, namely, that such distributions received by businesses subject to the corporate excise tax are not to be treated as dividends and that they have never been exempt or partially exempt from taxation. REIT distributions are subject to taxation at the recipient level. The Department of Revenue estimates that this change resulted in additional tax revenues of approximately $160-180 million for fiscal 2003, most of which was the result of liabilities for prior tax years. The Department of Revenue estimates that the REIT legislation has resulted in revenue increases of $40-60 million in each of the ensuing fiscal years and will continue to yield approximately the same amount in future fiscal years.

Insurance Taxes. Life insurance companies are subject to a 2% tax on gross premiums. Domestic companies also pay a 14% tax on net investment income. Property and casualty insurance companies are subject to a 2% tax on gross premiums plus a 14% surcharge, for an effective tax rate of 2.28%. Domestic companies also pay a 1% tax on gross investment income.

Other Taxes. Other tax revenues are derived by the Commonwealth from excise taxes on motor fuels, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and deeds, among other tax sources. The excise tax on motor fuels is $0.21 per gallon. The tax on cigarettes was raised in fiscal 2003 from $0.76 per pack to $1.51 per pack; the same legislation also raised the tax rate on other types of tobacco products. The Department of Revenue estimates that this change resulted in additional revenue of approximately $185 million in fiscal 2003, $155-160 million in fiscal 2004 and $155 million in fiscal 2005 and thereafter. Legislation was enacted in March 2003 that allowed the Commissioner of Revenue to provide incentives for inheritance trusts to settle future obligations during fiscal 2003. Through this program, approximately $34 million was raised in fiscal 2004, but inheritance tax collections in subsequent years were reduced.

In 2001, the United States Congress made numerous changes to Internal Revenue Code provisions relating to the estate and gift tax. For the estates of decedents dying on or after January 1, 2002, federal law raised the exemption amount and phased out the amount of the allowable credit for state death taxes by 25% a year until the credit was eliminated in 2005. Because the Massachusetts estate tax, prior to such Congressional action, equaled the amount of the allowable federal credit for state death taxes, this federal change meant that the Massachusetts estate tax (known as a “sponge tax”) would have been phased out and eliminated. In October 2002, the Massachusetts estate tax was retained by “decoupling” the Massachusetts estate tax from the federal estate tax for decedents dying on or after January 1, 2003. The Massachusetts sponge tax is now tied to the Internal Revenue Code as in effect on December 31, 2000. These federal changes are estimated to have reduced fiscal 2003 collections by approximately $30-40 million, and the decoupling is estimated to have increased fiscal 2004 tax revenues by $40 million and fiscal 2005 tax revenues by $13 million in the first three months of fiscal 2005, when the effect of the phase-in was complete.

Tax Revenue Forecasting

Under state law, on or before October 15 and March 15 of each year, the Secretary of Administration and Finance is required to submit to the Governor and to the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means estimates of revenues available to meet appropriations and other needs in the following fiscal year. On or before

 

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October 15, January 15 and April 15, the Secretary is required to submit revised estimates for the current fiscal year unless, in her opinion, no significant changes have occurred since the last estimate of total available revenues. On or before January 15 of each year, the Secretary is required to develop jointly with the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means a consensus tax revenue forecast for the following fiscal year. Beginning in fiscal 2005, state finance law has required that the consensus tax revenue forecasts be net of the amount necessary to fully fund the pension system according to the applicable funding schedule, which amount is to be transferred without further appropriation from the General Fund to the Commonwealth’s Pension Liability Fund.

Fiscal 2006. There was no consensus tax revenue forecast in advance of the fiscal 2006 budget. In January 2005, the Secretary of Administration and Finance estimated that fiscal 2006 tax revenues would be $17.336 billion, and legislative leaders announced agreement on an estimate of $17.100 billion, before transfers to the MBTA, the MSBA and the pension system. At the time the fiscal 2006 GAA was enacted, the estimate of the Secretary of Administration and Finance was $17.448 billion, and the Legislature’s estimate was $17.283 billion. In October 2005 the Secretary of Administration and Finance increased the tax revenue estimate for fiscal 2006 to $17.957 billion. In January 2006 the Secretary of Administration and Finance increased the estimate to $18.158 billion. Fiscal 2006 budgeted tax collections totaled approximately $18.487 billion, before transfers to the MBTA, the MSBA and the pension system.

Fiscal 2007. In January 2006 the Secretary of Administration and Finance and legislative leaders announced a consensus fiscal 2007 Commonwealth tax estimate of $18.975 billion, before transfers to the MBTA, the MSBA and the pension system. In October 2006 the Secretary of Administration and Finance raised the estimate to $19.132 billion. On January 30, 2007 the new Secretary of Administration and Finance raised the estimate to $19.3 billion.

Fiscal 2008. In January 2007 the Secretary of Administration and Finance and legislative leaders announced a consensus fiscal 2008 Commonwealth tax estimate of $19.879 billion (including sales tax receipts dedicated to the MBTA and MSBA and amounts to be transferred to the pension system). The fiscal 2008 tax revenue estimate represents growth of 3% over the most recent (January 2007) estimate for fiscal 2007. Excluding changes in the tax code, this represents “baseline” growth of 3.1%.

Tax Revenues

Fiscal 2006. Tax revenue collections for fiscal 2006 totaled $18.487 billion, an increase of $1.4 billion or 8.2% over fiscal 2005. The tax revenue increase of $1.4 billion over fiscal 2005 is attributable in large part to an increase of approximately $448.4 million, or 5.8%, in withholding collections, an increase of approximately $252.6 million, or 15%, in income tax estimated payments, an increase of approximately $249.6 million, or 17.3% in income tax payments with returns and bills, an increase of approximately $117.9 million, or 3%, in sales and use tax collections, and an increase of approximately $550.2 million or 32.3% in corporate and business collections, which are partially offset by changes in other revenues (net of refunds).

Fiscal 2007. Tax revenue collections for the first ten months of fiscal 2007 totaled $15.906 billion, an increase of $831 billion or 5.5% over the comparable period in fiscal 2006. As of May 9, 2007, the year-to-date tax revenue increase of $830.6 billion over fiscal 2006 is attributable in large part to an increase of approximately $422.8 million, or 6.2%, in withholding collections, an increase of approximately $84.7 million, or 5.6%, in income tax estimated payments, an increase of approximately $46.7 million, or 1.4%, in sales and use tax collections, an increase of approximately $171.2 million, or 9.9%, in corporate and business collections and an increase of $43.7 million, or 3.1%, in miscellaneous tax collections. Through April 2007, fiscal 2007 year-to-date tax collections have exceeded the year-to-date benchmark by approximately $54 million. That benchmark was based on the January 30, 2007 fiscal 2007 tax revenue estimate of the Secretary of Administration and Finance of $19.300 billion. April 2007 collections were $115 million below the benchmark for that month.

 

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Federal and Other Non-Tax Revenues

Federal revenues are collected through reimbursements for the federal share of entitlement programs such as Medicaid and through block grants for programs such as Transitional Assistance to Needy Families (“TANF”). The amount of federal reimbursements to be received is determined by state expenditures for these programs. The Commonwealth receives reimbursement for approximately 50% of its spending for Medicaid programs. Block grant funding for TANF is received quarterly and is contingent upon a maintenance-of-effort spending level determined annually by the federal government. In fiscal 2006, federal reimbursements for budgeted operating activity amounted to $5.210 billion. Federal reimbursements for fiscal year 2007 were projected to be $6.062 billion.

Departmental and other non-tax revenues are derived from licenses, tuition, fees and reimbursements and assessments for services. For fiscal year 2006, budgeted departmental revenues were $1.6 billion, assessments were $146.1 million and other miscellaneous revenues, including investment income, were $308.3 million. The largest budgeted departmental revenues, assessments and miscellaneous revenues in fiscal 2006 included $410.6 million for Registry of Motor Vehicles fees, fines, assessments, $171.2 million in Executive Office of Health and Human Services pharmacy rebates, third party recoveries and other reimbursements, $212.0 million from filing, registration and other fees paid to the Secretary of State’s Office, $137.2 million in housing authority and municipal payments on behalf of retired teachers to the Commonwealth for group health insurance, $74 million in tuition remitted to schools of higher education, $162.9 million from underground storage cleanup, deeds excise and other non-tax fees and remittances received by the Department of Revenue and $104.4 million in fees, fines and assessments charged by the court systems. For fiscal 2007, as of May 9, 2007, departmental and other non-tax revenues were estimated to be $2.052 billion.

Lottery Revenues. For the budgeted operating funds, inter-fund transfers include transfers of profits from the State Lottery Fund and the Arts Lottery Fund and reimbursements for the budgeted costs of the State Lottery Commission, which accounted for net transfers from the Lottery of $972.9 million, $957.5 million, $985.2 million, $1.018 billion and $1.035 billion in fiscal 2002 through 2006, respectively, and, as of May 9, 2007, are estimated by the State Lottery Commission at $1.038 billion in fiscal 2007. Under state law, the net balance in the State Lottery Fund, as determined by the Comptroller on each September 30, December 31, March 31 and June 30, is to be used to provide local aid. The GAA for fiscal 2007 stipulates that the aggregate distribution to cities and towns from the State Lottery Fund in fiscal 2007 would be $920 million. The fiscal 2007 budget assumes total net transfers from the Lottery of $1.105 billion, including the $920 million aggregate distribution to cities and towns. The State Lottery Commission has never projected transfers of $1.105 billion. As of May 9, 2007, there was no provision in current law for dealing with the anticipated $67 million shortfall in net lottery revenues in fiscal 2007, but it would mean that the State Lottery Fund, a non-budgeted fund, would end fiscal 2007 in a deficit position.

Tobacco Settlement. In November 1998, the Commonwealth joined with other states in a master settlement agreement that resolved the Commonwealth’s and other states’ litigation against the cigarette industry. Under the agreement, cigarette companies have agreed to make both annual payments (in perpetuity) and five initial payments (for the calendar years 1999 to 2003, inclusive) to the settling states. Each payment amount is subject to applicable adjustments, reductions and offsets, including upward adjustments for inflation and downward adjustments for decreased domestic cigarette sales volume.

The Commonwealth’s allocable share of the base amounts payable under the master settlement agreement is approximately 4.04%. The Commonwealth’s allocable share of the base amounts under the agreement through 2025 is more than $8.3 billion, subject to adjustments, reductions and offsets. However, in pending litigation tobacco manufacturers are claiming that because of certain developments they are entitled to reduce future payments under the master settlement agreement, and certain manufacturers withheld payments to the states due in April 2006 and April 2007. The Commonwealth believes it is due the full amount and is pursuing its claim to unreduced payments. The Commonwealth was also awarded $414.3 million from a separate Strategic

 

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Contribution Fund established under the master settlement agreement to reward certain states’ particular contributions to the national tobacco litigation effort. This additional amount, also subject to a number of adjustments, reductions and offsets, is payable in equal annual installments during the years 2008 through 2017.

Tobacco settlement payments were initially deposited in a permanent trust fund (the Health Care Security Trust), with only a portion of the monies made available for appropriation. Beginning in fiscal 2003, however, the Commonwealth has appropriated the full amount of tobacco settlement receipts in each year’s budget. The balance accumulated in the Health Care Security Trust amounted to $471.7 million at the end of fiscal 2006. The Governor’s fiscal 2008 budget recommendation proposes to use approximately 85% of the balance in the Health Care Security Trust to fund a new State Retiree Benefit Trust Fund, designed to begin the funding of the Commonwealth’s unfunded liability associated with retiree healthcare costs.

Limitations on Tax Revenues

Chapter 62F of the General Laws, which was enacted by the voters in November 1986, establishes a state tax revenue growth limit for each fiscal year equal to the average positive rate of growth in total wages and salaries in the Commonwealth, as reported by the federal government, during the three calendar years immediately preceding the end of such fiscal year. The growth limit is used to calculate “allowable state tax revenue” for each fiscal year. Chapter 62F also requires that allowable state tax revenues be reduced by the aggregate amount received by local governmental units from any newly authorized or increased local option taxes or excises. Any excess in state tax revenue collections for a given fiscal year over the prescribed limit, as determined by the State Auditor, is to be applied as a credit against the then-current personal income tax liability of all taxpayers in the Commonwealth in proportion to the personal income tax liability of all taxpayers in the Commonwealth for the immediately preceding tax year. The law does not exclude principal and interest payments on Commonwealth debt obligations from the scope of its tax limit. However, the preamble contained in Chapter 62F provides that “although not specifically required by anything contained in this chapter, it is assumed that from allowable state tax revenues as defined herein the Commonwealth will give priority attention to the funding of state financial assistance to local governmental units, obligations under the state governmental pension systems and payment of principal and interest on debt and other obligations of the Commonwealth.”

Tax revenues in fiscal 2002 through 2006 were lower than the “allowable state tax revenue” limit set by Chapter 62F and, as of May 9, 2007, were expected to be lower than the allowable limit in fiscal 2007.

Chapter 62F was amended by the fiscal 2003 and fiscal 2004 GAAs to establish an additional tax revenue limitation. The fiscal 2003 GAA created a quarterly cumulative “permissible tax revenue” limit equal to the cumulative year-to-date actual state tax revenue collected during the same fiscal period in the prior fiscal year, increased by the sum of the most recently available year-over-year inflation rate plus two percentage points. Effective July 1, 2003, at the end of each quarter the Commissioner of Revenue must calculate cumulative permissible tax revenue. The Comptroller must then divert tax revenue in excess of permissible tax revenue from the General Fund to a Temporary Holding Fund to make such excess revenue unavailable for expenditure. If actual tax revenue collections fall short of the permissible limit, the difference flows back into the General Fund. At the end of each fiscal year, tax revenue in excess of permissible state tax revenue for the year is to be held in the Temporary Holding Fund pending disposition by the Comptroller. The Comptroller is required to first use any funds in the Temporary Holding Fund to reimburse the Commonwealth Stabilization Fund for any amounts expended from the Stabilization Fund during the fiscal year. The general law amendments in the fiscal 2004 GAA require that at the end of each fiscal year, the state comptroller must transfer remaining excess revenue from the Temporary Holding Fund back to the General Fund for inclusion in consolidated net surplus.

In fiscal 2006, cumulative net state tax revenues used to calculate the Commonwealth’s state tax revenue growth limit, as established in Chapter 62F, were $18.592 billion, exceeding the “permissible tax revenue” limit of $18.540 billion by $52.2 million. The excess amount was transferred to the Commonwealth’s Temporary Holding Fund and subsequently transferred to the Stabilization Fund pursuant to Chapter 62F.

 

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As of March 31, 2007, actual state tax revenue had not exceeded the permissible state tax revenue limit set by Chapter 62F.

FISCAL 2007 AND FISCAL 2008

Fiscal 2007

The Commonwealth ended fiscal 2007 with a surplus of $190.9 million. The Legislature suspended the requirement in state finance law that 0.5% of total fiscal 2007 tax revenues be deposited in the Stabilization Fund and instead mandated that $90.9 million be deposited in the Stabilization Fund, with the remaining $100 million being split among the Alternative and Clean Energy Investment Trust Fund ($43 million), the Life Sciences Investment Fund ($15 million), the Emerging Technology Fund ($15 million), the Affordable Housing Trust Fund ($10 million), the Smart Growth Housing Trust Fund ($10 million) and the Cultural Facilities Fund ($7 million).

For fiscal 2007, the Commonwealth’s audited financial statements report a year-end balance in the Stabilization Fund of $2.335 billion. The balance reflects the $90.9 million transfer described above, as well as $89.5 million of investment earnings and additional taxes deposited into the fund. The year closed with additional reserve fund balances of $451.3 million (including the $100 million in transfers described above) and undesignated fund balances of $114.7 million. The total ending fund balance in the budgeted operating funds was $2.901 billion.

On October 19, 2007, the Governor approved $212.1 million in supplemental fiscal 2007 appropriations to fund a number of administration initiatives, including $116.5 million to fund recently approved collective bargaining agreements, $20 million for legal services provided by private counsel in the Commonwealth, $16 million for costs at MassHealth, the state’s Medicaid program, $13 million for an endowment incentive program at the state’s higher education colleges and universities, $8.7 million for the reimbursement of underground storage tank cleanup projects, $7.8 million to fund a reserve associated with the “Rosie D” litigation, $6.9 million to fund recommended initiatives at the Department of Correction and $23.2 million in other programs and services. These appropriations are all authorized to be expended through June 30, 2008. The October 19, 2007 legislation also authorized $60 million of previously appropriated funds for expenditure through June 30, 2008.

Lottery Revenues. The fiscal 2007 budget assumed total net transfers from the Lottery of $1.103 billion (which is net of $2 million in reversions from the Lottery) to fund various commitments appropriated by the Legislature from the State Lottery Fund and Arts Lottery Fund, including Lottery administrative expenses, and $920 million in appropriations for local aid to cities and towns, with the balance, if any, to be transferred to the General Fund for the general activities of the Commonwealth. The assumed $1.103 billion figure was $65 million higher than the State Lottery Commission’s projections for fiscal 2007, which were $1.038 billion, and $119 million higher than the Commission’s actual operating revenues for fiscal 2007, which were $984 million. However, the $920 million in local aid spending was distributed to municipalities, and a transfer of $119 million into the State Lottery Fund will be required to resolve this fund imbalance.

The fiscal 2008 budget assumes total net transfers from the Lottery of $1.129 billion to fund various commitments appropriated by the Legislature from the State Lottery Fund and Arts Lottery Fund, including Lottery administrative expenses, and $935 million in appropriations for local aid to cities and towns, with the balance, if any, to be transferred to the General Fund for the general activities of the Commonwealth. The assumed $1.129 billion figure is $124 million higher than the State Lottery Commission’s projected operating revenues for fiscal 2008 of $1.005 billion. In order to distribute $935 million in local aid distribution to cities and towns as required by the fiscal 2008 budget, as of November 21, 2007, a transfer of $124 million is projected to be necessary to resolve this fund imbalance for fiscal 2008.

As of November 21, 2007, for fiscal 2009, the State Lottery Commission is projecting operating revenues of $1.025 billion. As of November 21, 2007, the fiscal 2009 budget has not yet been developed, but the State

 

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Lottery Commission has stated that continuing spending requirements in the absence of available revenues will result in the State Lottery Fund, a non-budgeted fund, ending fiscal 2009 in a deficit position.

Tax Revenues. Tax revenue collections for fiscal 2007 totaled $19.736 billion, an increase of $1.249 billion or 6.8% over fiscal 2006. The following table shows monthly tax collections for fiscal 2007 and the change from tax collections in the same months in the prior year, both in dollars and as a percentage. The table also notes the amount of tax collections in fiscal 2007 that are dedicated to the MBTA and to the MSBA.

The tax revenue increase of $1.249 billion over fiscal 2006 is attributable in large part to an increase of approximately $500.2 million, or 6.2%, in withholding collections, an increase of approximately $161.5 million, or 8.3%, in income tax estimated payments, an increase of approximately $275.8 million, or 16.3%, in income tax payments with returns and bills, an increase of approximately $61.1 million, or 1.5%, in sales and use tax collections, an increase of approximately $220.6 million, or 9.8%, in corporate and business collections and an increase of $51.3 million, or 2.9%, in miscellaneous tax collections. Preliminary fiscal 2007 tax collections exceeded the fiscal 2007 tax revenue estimate of $19.300 billion issued by the Executive Office for Administration and Finance on January 30, 2007 by $436.3 million.

Fiscal 2008

The Legislature approved the fiscal 2008 budget on July 2, 2007, and it was approved by the Governor on July 12, 2007. The Governor vetoed $40.7 million of appropriations; as of November 21, 2007, the Legislature had overridden $36.9 million of these vetoes. The budget appropriates $26.808 billion for the fiscal year, including $8.220 billion for Medicaid, $4.301 billion for education (excluding the school building assistance program), $2.072 billion for debt service and contract assistance and $12.215 billion for all other programs and services. The budget increases Chapter 70 education funding to cities and towns by $220 million to $3.726 billion. The budget also increases the distribution of lottery revenues to cities and towns to $935 million, an increase of $15 million over the fiscal 2007 level. Overall, local aid to cities and towns increases by 5.8% in the fiscal 2008 budget.

The fiscal 2008 budget relies on several one-time revenue sources, including a $240 million transfer from the Stabilization Fund to the General Fund, a transfer of not more than $75 million from the Stabilization Fund to the General Fund representing fiscal 2008 investment earnings in the Stabilization Fund and the suspension of the statutorily required Stabilization Fund deposit equal to 0.5% of fiscal 2008 tax revenues (approximately $100 million). The fiscal 2008 budget also relies on $44 million of interest earnings from the Health Care Security Trust Fund. The fiscal 2008 budget approved by the Legislature proposed to transfer $150 million from the Health Care Security Trust to the General Fund to support fiscal 2008 spending. The Governor had proposed to amend the budget to decrease the size of the Health Care Security Trust Fund transfer to $111.5 million, the amount which would have been required had his vetoes been sustained. Based upon the legislative overrides of the Governor’s vetoes, financial statements assume a transfer from the Health Care Security Trust to the General Fund of $148.4 million. On November 20, 2007, the Legislature approved the $150 million transfer from the Health Care Security Trust to the General Fund. As of November 21, 2007, this bill is on the Governor’s desk awaiting his action.

On August 2, 2007, the Governor approved legislation establishing a sales tax holiday during the period August 11-12, 2007. The Department of Revenue estimates that this legislation reduced fiscal 2008 sales tax collections by approximately $17.5 million.

On November 19, 2007, the Governor filed new supplemental appropriations totaling $50.3 million, including $23.1 million to fund recently approved collective bargaining contracts, $10 million to fund health care costs at the Department of Corrections, $4.1 million for additional funding at the Department of Transitional Assistance, $3.5 million for the relocation costs of a Middlesex County courthouse and $9.6 million for other programs and services.

 

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On November 20, 2007, the Governor signed legislation appropriating $15 million for the Low Income Heating and Energy Program, which provides support to low-income families during the winter heating season.

Tax Revenue Estimate Update. On October 30, 2007, as a result of a periodic review required by state finance law, the Executive Office for Administration and Finance increased the tax revenue estimate for fiscal 2008 by $399.7 million to $20.225 billion. The update also included an initial projection for fiscal 2009 revenues of $20.987 billion.

Tax revenue collections for the first four months of fiscal 2008, ended October 31, 2007, totaled $5.971 billion, an increase of $222.5 million, or 3.9%, over the same period in fiscal 2007.

The year-to-date tax revenue increase of $222.5 million (through October, 2007) over the same period in the prior year is attributable in large part to an increase of approximately $156.1 million, or 5.9%, in withholding collections, an increase of approximately $99.3 million, or 19.8%, in income tax estimated payments, an increase of approximately $24.1 million, or 1.7%, in sales and use tax collections, which are partially offset by changes in other revenues (net of refunds), and by a decline of $33.2 million, or 6.2%, in corporate and business tax collections. The year-to-date fiscal year 2008 tax collections (through October 2007) were $144.0 million above the benchmark estimate for the corresponding period, which was based on the fiscal 2008 consensus tax estimate of $19.879 billion adjusted for subsequent tax law changes.

Major Legislation

On September 17, 2007, the Governor filed legislation under Article 87 of the Amendments to the State Constitution (reorganization plans) to restructure the state’s labor relations agencies charged with resolving Massachusetts public employee labor disputes. This legislation restructured and consolidated the Labor Relations Commission, Board of Conciliation and Arbitration and Joint Labor-Management Committee into a new Division of Labor Relations located within the Department of Labor. The reorganization, which was approved unanimously by the Legislature, took effect on November 16, 2007.

On July 19, 2007, the Governor filed legislation intended to promote investment in the Massachusetts life sciences industry. Among other provisions, the proposal would authorize the Secretary of Housing and Economic Development and the Secretary of Administration and Finance jointly to award tax incentives on a project-by-project basis for “certified life sciences projects.” The tax incentives for certified projects would include an investment tax credit of 10% (12% if the project is located in an economic opportunity area), a refundable tax credit equal to the fees paid by a project for application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a human drug or supplement which was primarily researched and developed in Massachusetts, a refundable research tax credit, extension of the net operating loss carryforward from five to 15 years, elimination of the so-called “throwback rule” of the single sales factor provision of the corporate income tax and expanded sales taxation exemptions. The Executive Office for Administration and Finance anticipates that the amount of tax benefits granted by the Secretary of Housing and Economic Development and the Secretary of Administration and Finance under the program would be limited to $25 million annually. Projects that do not meet agreed-upon thresholds for increased job creation that results in additional tax revenues paid to the Commonwealth would be subject to “clawback” provisions, whereby the beneficiaries of previously received tax benefits would be required to repay some or all of such tax benefits to the Commonwealth.

On October 11, 2007, the Governor filed legislation authorizing the establishment of up to three resort casinos in distinct, identified regions of the Commonwealth. The legislation would establish an independent, seven-member Massachusetts Gaming Control Authority with broad authority to regulate gaming in the Commonwealth. The legislation would also create a Division of Gaming Investigation and Enforcement within the Attorney General’s office. The legislation would establish a casino license application and competitive auction process for developers. Development proposals would be evaluated by the Authority on a set of assessment criteria described in the legislation. The authority would determine by regulation the weight to give

 

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to each of the criteria set out in the legislation. Non-transferable licenses would be awarded by the Authority for a ten-year period, subject to certain renewal conditions. Developers would be assessed a $350,000 application fee; successful bidders would pay at a minimum an additional initial fee of $200,000,000 and an annual operating license fee equal to 27% of gross gaming revenues or $100,000,000, whichever is greater. Revenues generated by fees and payments collected from casinos would be disbursed to a variety of proposed trust funds. These funds would variously pay for regulatory and enforcement costs of the Authority, community mitigation costs, public health disbursements to pay for social services and gaming addiction costs related to expanding gaming and payments to hold harmless the local aid lottery funds. Funds for community mitigation and public health would be set at 2.5% of gross gaming revenue. The balance of revenues after community mitigation, public health and lottery payments would be split evenly between a fund to pay for transportation improvements throughout the Commonwealth and a fund to provide property tax credits to Massachusetts homeowners.

As of November 21, 2007, both the life sciences bill and the resort casinos bill are being considered by the Legislature’s Joint Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies.

Health Care Reform

Health Care Reform Legislation. As of November 1, 2007, over 132,000 residents have been enrolled in the subsidized Commonwealth Care Health Insurance Program (Commonwealth Care), while total membership in MassHealth has grown by 77,537 people, including over 36,000 children, since April, 2006. As of November 1, 2007, over 10,000 people have enrolled in health plans through Commonwealth Choice.

The Commonwealth continues to monitor closely the current and projected costs of health reform. Actual spending for health care reform related programs in fiscal 2007 included $138.9 million for the Commonwealth Care program, $136.5 million for MassHealth benefits and eligibility increases, $100 million for mandated rate increases for Medicaid managed care organizations, $70.9 million for acute care hospital and physician rate increases, $577.3 million for uncompensated care, $380 million for acute hospital supplemental payments (paid on a date-of-service basis), $47.5 million for essential community provider trust fund grants, $25 million for spending within other state agencies (e.g., the Department of Public Health), $25 million for start-up administrative costs at the Connector and $13 million for the health care reform implementation reserve account. Finally, in fiscal year 2007, the Commonwealth Care Trust Fund had a $28.4 million surplus based on mandated transfers.

The fiscal 2008 budget includes $471.9 million for the Commonwealth Care Program, $227.7 million for MassHealth benefits and eligibility increases, $149.3 million for mandated rate increases for Medicaid managed care organizations, $145.9 million for acute care hospital and physician rate increases, $414.6 million for uncompensated care, $325 million for acute hospital supplemental payments (paid on a date of service basis), $28 million for essential community provider trust fund grants and $14.7 million for spending within other state agencies.

Overall related revenue totals for fiscal 2007 and estimated for fiscal 2008 are $1.48 billion and $1.51 billion, respectively, including federal financial participation and related assessments. The spending and revenues listed above include changes directly driven by the health reform legislation and in some cases also inflation that would have occurred in the absence of the health care reform legislation.

The Commonwealth has indicated that, throughout the course of fiscal 2008, it will monitor funding needs for health care reform in light of the actual experience of implementation, examining factors such as levels of enrollment in insurance and the utilization and cost of services. Based on experience and observation as of November 21, 2007, the Commonwealth has indicated that there are areas where fiscal 2008 costs may exceed amounts budgeted, including:

 

   

Commonwealth Care: Enrollment in this program has been very strong and, as of November 1, 2007, is at a level almost equal to earlier fiscal 2008 year-end estimates. Continued enrollment is expected, with a potential scenario of total fiscal 2008 enrollment of 178,000 (costing $618 million) as well as other potential scenarios. The Administration and the Connector will continue to monitor actual enrollment in Commonwealth Care over the next few months to better assess year-end enrollment and cost scenarios.

 

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Acute Hospitals: Agreements with certain acute hospitals include supplemental payments that will exceed budget targets by at least $120 million in fiscal 2008.

 

   

“Fair Share” Revenues: Based on filings received thus far, year-to-date fiscal 2008 “fair share” liability for businesses totals $5 million, relative to $23.9 million estimated in the budget for fiscal 2008 as a whole. However, these initial estimates do not include revenues owed by businesses which have not filed to date but are required to. The Division of Unemployment Assistance and the Division of Health Care Finance and Policy will continue to pursue required “fair share” payments from businesses.

These estimates are based on information available as of November 21, 2007. The Executive Office for Administration and Finance will work with state agencies involved in the implementation of health care reform to conduct mid-year and year-end reviews of fiscal 2008 spending and revenue assumptions. Additional fiscal 2008 funding provided for health care reform costs would, in most cases, generate 50% federal reimbursement.

Three-year Renewal of 1115 Demonstration Project. As part of all Demonstration Waivers, CMS requires states to demonstrate that the waiver program is budget neutral to the federal government, meaning that costs to the federal government under the waiver program will be no more than what they would have been in the absence of the waiver program. As of November 21, 2007, the Executive Office of Health and Human Services is in the process of updating its budget neutrality projections for the period ending June 30, 2008, as part of the development of the financing package for the upcoming waiver renewal submission to CMS, as described below. This calculation is based on various assumptions of MassHealth spending, enrollment and utilization. The Commonwealth has indicated that it will continue to track assumptions and actual expenditures to ensure that waiver spending complies with federal requirements.

As of November 21, 2007, the Commonwealth is also in the process of seeking approval from CMS to extend its Medicaid waiver for another three-year period, to commence on July 1, 2008. The Commonwealth’s Office of Medicaid submitted an initial Demonstration Project Extension Request to CMS on June 29, 2007, providing a detailed status report on the key components of health care reform implementation. Later in 2007, the Commonwealth expects to submit subsequent proposals to CMS on the continued structure and financing of the Safety Net Care Pool (including its component programs, such as Commonwealth Care and the Health Safety Net Trust Fund) and on the “budget neutrality” calculation through the proposed three-year waiver extension. The state is currently developing these proposals with input from stakeholders, modeling cost projections for relevant programs and considering policy options.

Cash Flow

On September 5, 2007, the State Treasurer and the Secretary of Administration and Finance released a revised projected cash flow forecast for fiscal 2008. The report indicates that Fiscal 2007 ended with a non-segregated cash balance of $1.590 billion and a segregated bond balance of $112.2 million. The cash flow projection for fiscal 2008 is based on the fiscal 2008 budget signed into law on July 12, 2007 and includes the value of all vetoes and subsequent overrides as well as all prior appropriations continued into fiscal 2008 from the prior fiscal year. The cash flow projection also reflects all supplemental appropriations bills either filed or enacted that would affect the Commonwealth’s cash flow in fiscal 2008. It reflects authorized transfers between budgeted funds and certain reserve funds as provided for in the fiscal 2008 budget and in subsequent legislation. The fiscal 2007 projection is based on actual spending and revenue through July 2007 and estimates for the remainder of fiscal 2008. The fiscal 2008 projection is based on a fiscal 2008 tax estimate of $19.825 billion ($19.879 billion consensus estimate adjusted for tax law changes). The gross tax figure includes $1.399 billion dedicated to the Commonwealth’s fiscal 2008 pension obligation, $756 million in sales tax revenues dedicated to the MBTA and $634.7 million in sales tax revenues dedicated to the MSBA. This forecast also includes an inflow of $279 million on April 15, 2008 pursuant to the tobacco master settlement agreement. The Commonwealth has indicated that it continues to actively pursue litigation to secure the right to receive the full amount of these payments.

 

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The Commonwealth’s cash flow management incorporates the periodic use of commercial paper borrowing to meet cash flow needs for both capital and operating expenditures. In particular, the Commonwealth makes local aid payments of approximately $1 billion to its cities and towns at the end of each calendar quarter, which in recent years has often resulted in short-term cash flow borrowings. The Commonwealth began fiscal 2008 with no commercial paper outstanding. The Commonwealth’s cash position reflects a typical cycle of tightening in the second and third quarters of the fiscal year. The Commonwealth borrowed $200 million in October 2007 and an additional $300 million in November 2007. As of November 21, 2007, the Commonwealth has $500 million of commercial paper outstanding and expects to issue the full $1 billion program before April income tax revenues are realized. As of November 21, 2007, commercial paper is expected to be retired in April and May of 2008.

The cash flow projection includes $1.3 billion in proceeds of a long-term issuance done in anticipation of fiscal 2008 capital spending. In August, $1.2 billion of these proceeds were deposited into guaranteed investment contracts that have been and will be drawn on monthly. The cash flow projects that the full amount deposited in these contracts will be expended in fiscal 2008.

Initiative Petitions

On September 5, 2007, the Attorney General certified thirteen voter initiative petitions, three proposing constitutional amendments and ten proposing laws. One of the petitions would eliminate the state personal income tax for all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2009 and another would reduce the state personal income tax rate to 2.65% for all categories of taxable income for the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2009 and would eliminate the tax for all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2010. Three of the petitions would affect local municipal revenues, by eliminating the annual excise tax on motor vehicles or reducing the allowable annual increase in local property taxes from 2.5% to 1%, or both. One of the proposed constitutional amendments would create a way for voters to amend the constitution directly without submitting proposed amendments to the Legislature. In order to place an initiative petition for a new law on the November, 2008 ballot, the supporters of the petition had to collect the signatures of 66,593 voters by December 5, 2007. If the Legislature does not enact the proposed law by May 7, 2008, supporters can place the petition on the November, 2008 ballot by collecting another 11,099 signatures by July 2, 2008.

LEGAL MATTERS

There are pending in state and federal courts within the Commonwealth and in the Supreme Court of the United States various suits in which the Commonwealth is a party. In the opinion of the Attorney General, as of November 21, 2007, no litigation is pending or, to her knowledge, threatened which is likely to result, either individually or in the aggregate, in final judgments against the Commonwealth that would affect materially its financial condition.

Programs and Services

From time to time actions are brought against the Commonwealth by the recipients of governmental services, particularly recipients of human services benefits, seeking expanded levels of services and benefits and by the providers of such services challenging the Commonwealth’s reimbursement rates and methodologies. To the extent that such actions result in judgments requiring the Commonwealth to provide expanded services or benefits or pay increased rates, additional operating and capital expenditures might be needed to implement such judgments.

Ricci v. Okin. Challenges by residents of five state schools for the retarded (U.S. District Court C.A. No. 72-469-T) resulted in a consent decree in the 1970’s, which required the Commonwealth to upgrade and rehabilitate the facilities in question and to provide services and community placements in western Massachusetts. The District Court issued orders in October 1986, leading to termination of active judicial supervision. On May 25, 1993, the District Court entered a final order vacating and replacing all consent decrees and court orders.

 

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In their place, the final order requires lifelong provision of individualized services to class members and contains requirements regarding staffing, maintenance of effort (including funding) and other matters.

On July 14, 2004, a subset of plaintiffs filed a motion to reopen the case and enforce the final order of May 25, 1993, asserting various reasons why the Department of Mental Retardation is not in compliance with the 1993 final order, mostly relating to the Commonwealth’s plan to close the Fernald Developmental Center. Another subgroup of plaintiffs (representing class members from the Dever and Wrentham Developmental Centers) have sought to re-open the case as well. The Department filed a responsive pleading on August 16, 2004, asserting that all of the requirements of the final order were met. On August 28, 2004, the Disability Law Center filed a motion to intervene, asserting an interest on behalf of persons with disabilities in the closing of the facility, which was allowed. On February 8, 2006, the judge ordered all transfers from Fernald halted indefinitely and appointed United States Attorney Michael Sullivan as court monitor over the closure of Fernald. On March 6, 2007, the United States Attorney issued his long-awaited report, in which he did not find any violations by the Department of federal or state law, but nonetheless recommended that the Fernald Developmental Center remain open to serve any residents who wish to remain there. Shortly thereafter, the Court declared that its 2006 order prohibiting transfers from the Fernald Center (absent a specific written order to the contrary) would remain in effect at least until June 2007.

On August 14, 2007, the District Court reopened the case, restored it to the active docket and ordered the Department of Mental Retardation to continue to offer Fernald Developmental Center as a residential placement option for its residents. The Department has appealed that order to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. If the Department is required to keep Fernald open indefinitely, additional operational, maintenance and infrastructure costs will possibly be in the millions of dollars.

Hutchinson et al v. Patrick et al. This is a class action seeking declaratory and injunctive relief brought by two organizations and five individuals with brain injuries who are residents of various nursing facilities. The plaintiffs claim that they and a class of between 2,000 and 4,000 brain-injured individuals are entitled to, among other things, placement in community settings. The plaintiffs assert claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act and the Medicaid Act. Plaintiffs filed their complaint on May 17, 2007 and filed an amended complaint on June 18, 2007. The defendants filed their answer to the amended complaint on July 16, 2007. Pursuant to the plaintiffs’ motion, which the defendants opposed, the U.S. District Court has certified a class. The potential fiscal impact of an adverse decision is unknown, but could be hundreds of millions of dollars annually.

Rolland v. Patrick (U.S. District Court [C.A. No. 98-30208 KPN]) is a class action by mentally retarded nursing home patients seeking community placements and services. The court approved a settlement agreement entered into by the parties, which provided certain benefits to nursing home residents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities until 2007.

In April, 2007, the U.S. District Court found that, despite a “tremendous amount of work,” and substantial improvement in the provision of services, the Commonwealth has not yet ensured that all class members receive active treatment. A Court Monitor has been appointed to evaluate whether each class member is receiving active treatment. On January 28, 2008, the court issued an order approving the Revised Budget for July 2007 to June 2009 and the Revised Work Plan for July 2007 to July 2008. This case carries the potential for a prospective increase in annual program costs of more than $20 million.

Health Care for All v. Romney et al. (U.S. District Court). A group of individual plaintiffs brought this action for injunctive and declaratory relief, challenging the Commonwealth’s administration of the MassHealth dental program. Specifically, the plaintiffs asserted that the Commonwealth’s administration of the dental program fails to comply with federal Medicaid law. On February 8, 2006, the United States District Court entered judgment against the state defendants on three counts of the plaintiffs’ Third Amended Complaint with respect to MassHealth-eligible members under age 21. Pursuant to that judgment, the Commonwealth must

 

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develop and implement a remedial plan to improve access to Medicaid-covered dental services for MassHealth-eligible members under age 21. Crucial aspects of the plan, including certain regulatory changes and the retention of a third-party administrator for the MassHealth dental plan, have already been implemented, but it is anticipated that additional program costs necessary to comply with the judgment will be incurred over the next several fiscal years. It is not possible, at this time, to accurately estimate the amount of likely future program costs that will be required to comply with the judgment.

Rosie D. v. Governor. The plaintiffs, MassHealth-eligible children with behavioral-health issues, asserted claims under the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment provisions of the federal Medicaid law. Specifically, the plaintiffs asserted that the Commonwealth is required to but does not provide them with intensive home-based mental health services. The plaintiffs have not quantified the cost of the services they seek. Trial was held from April 25 through June 9, 2005. On January 26, 2006, the Court issued its decision finding in favor of the plaintiffs on two of three counts of the complaint and ordering the parties to meet and attempt to achieve an agreed-upon plan. The parties did not agree on a remedial plan, but submitted separate plans to the Court. On February 22, 2007, the Court issued an order adopting the defendants’ proposed plan with provisos. On July 16, 2007, the Court entered judgment in accordance with this proposed plan. The Commonwealth did not appeal from that judgment and has begun implementation of its remedial plan. The plan contemplates full implementation by June 30, 2009. The cost of implementation is likely to exceed $20 million. The plaintiffs’ counsel have moved for attorneys’ fees in the amount of approximately $7.2 million.

Disability Law Center, Inc. v. Massachusetts Department of Correction et al. (U.S. District Court). The Disability Law Center (DLC) filed suit against the Department of Correction (DOC) and various senior DOC officials, alleging that confining prisoners with mental illness in segregation beyond a short period violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. DLC asks the Court to enjoin DOC from confining mentally ill prisoners in segregation for more than one week and to require DOC to establish a maximum security residential treatment unit or units as an alternative to segregation. DLC has proposed a broad definition of “mental illness,” which, if adopted, would cover a large percentage of DOC’s segregation population. DLC counsel and its consultants (a psychiatrist, a psychologist and a corrections specialist) have toured several DOC facilities and have interviewed numerous segregation inmates. The U.S. District Court requested that the parties report on settlement prospects by November 23, 2007 and that they further report on settlement prospects by January 18, 2008. The parties have made these reports. While DLC requests only injunctive relief, estimated increased program costs could amount to $24.8 million in the event of an adverse outcome.

In re: Audit by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service Office of the Inspector General (Targeted Case Management). The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has issued a final report on Medicaid targeted case management claims for children in the target group of abused or neglected children involved with the Department of Social Services (DSS). In the report, the OIG recommends that the Commonwealth refund to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) approximately $80 million in Federal Financial Participation (FFP) and that the Commonwealth discuss with CMS the allowability of an additional $20 million. MassHealth has filed an extensive response to OIG’s audit findings. CMS has not yet formally advised MassHealth whether it is accepting the recommendations of the OIG.

In re: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services regulations (Uncompensated Care Pool/Health Safety Net Trust Fund). The federal Health Care Financing Administration (now known as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS) asserted in June, 2000 that the portion of the Medicaid program funded by the Commonwealth’s uncompensated care pool might violate federal regulations regarding permissible taxes on health care providers. Since 1993, MassHealth has sought federal waivers for the Commonwealth’s assessment on acute care hospitals and surcharge payers, respectively, which fund the uncompensated care pool and its successor, the Health Safety Net Trust Fund. The Commonwealth believes that the assessments are within the federal law pertaining to health care-related taxes. Under federal regulations, if the Commonwealth were ultimately determined to have imposed an impermissible health care-related tax, the federal government could

 

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seek retroactive repayment of federal Medicaid reimbursements. The Commonwealth has collected an estimated $4.336 billion in acute hospital assessments since 1990 and an estimated $1.237 billion in surcharge payments since 1998. Clarification of the law surrounding permissible provider taxes is a national issue involving a number of states, and resolution could take several years.

In re: Deferral of 2005 MassHealth acute hospital supplemental payments. In March, 2006, CMS deferred payment of claims for FFP totaling almost $52.5 million. This amount represents the federal share of the portion of MassHealth supplemental payments to Boston Medical Center, Cambridge Health Alliance and UMass Memorial Health Care, Inc., hospitals attributable to dates of service in or before fiscal 2003. CMS has posed a series of questions concerning application of the “two-year” rule for claiming FFP for expenditures, and concerning specific hospital costs, charges and payment limits used in calculating payments. The Commonwealth has responded to all inquiries.

In re: Deferral of 2007 MassHealth acute hospital supplemental payments. In October, 2007, CMS deferred payment of claims for FFP totaling approximately $20.6 million. This amount represents the federal share of the portion of state fiscal year 2007 MassHealth Safety Net Care supplemental payments to Boston Medical Center that exceed the hospital’s costs, but are below its charges. As of November 21, 2007, MassHealth’s response to CMS is due the first week of December, 2007.

In re: Audit by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (UMMHC hospital supplemental payments). The OIG is auditing MassHealth supplemental payments made to the UMass Memorial Health Care hospitals in 2004 and 2005. In a draft report, the OIG identified an overpayment of $40 million in FFP based on the allowability of hospital-based physician services. The OIG is now reconsidering its findings.

Taxes

There are several tax cases pending that could result in significant refunds if taxpayers prevail. It is the policy of the Attorney General and the Commissioner of Revenue to defend such actions vigorously on behalf of the Commonwealth, and the descriptions that follow are not intended to imply that the Commissioner has conceded any liability whatsoever. As of May 9, 2007, approximately $102 million in contingent liabilities exist in the aggregate in tax cases pending before the Appellate Tax Board, Appeals Court or Supreme Judicial Court. These contingent liabilities include both taxes and interest. Several cases comprise a sizeable share of these liabilities.

TJX Companies v. Commissioner of Revenue (“TJX I” & “TJX II”) (Appellate Tax Board). In TJX I, the taxpayer is challenging a tax liability of approximately $23 million arising from the Commissioner’s disallowance of deductions for various royalty payments and interest taken in connection with transactions between several subsidiaries of the taxpayer. The Appellate Tax Board decided TJX I in favor of the Commissioner in 2006 and, on August 15, 2007, issued a 112-page report affirming the taxpayer’s liability of approximately $22 million, but also requiring a refund that will amount to approximately $1.5 million. TJX has filed a notice of appeal of the Board’s decision, which was docketed on October 5, 2007.

In TJX II, the taxpayer is challenging a tax liability of approximately $15.7 million (including interest) at the Appellate Tax Board arising from the Commissioner’s disallowance of deductions for various royalty payments and interest taken in connection with transactions between several subsidiaries of the taxpayer. The Board has stayed TJX II pending the outcome of TJX I, although the facts and circumstances of each are slightly different.

MBNA America Bank v. Commissioner of Revenue, Greenwood Trust Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue, Providian Nat’l Bank v. Commissioner of Revenue (Appellate Tax Board). These are financial excise “nexus” cases involving credit card businesses. The total potential refund in these cases stands at approximately $25 million. The Appellate Tax Board has decided another financial institution excise case raising similar issues, Capital One Bank and Capital One F.S.B. v. Commissioner of Revenue, also in the Commissioner’s favor, which is now on direct appeal to the Supreme Judicial Court. The case is scheduled for argument in April or May 2008.

 

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Other Revenues

Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Philip Morris Inc., RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Lorillard Tobacco Company, et al. (Supreme Judicial Court). This matter arises under the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”), entered into in 1998, that settled litigation and claims by Massachusetts and 45 other states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas (collectively the “States”), against the major tobacco manufacturers. Under the MSA, payments made by the Original Participating Manufacturers (“OPMs”) and subsequent Participating Manufacturers (collectively the “Participating Manufacturers” or “PMs”) are potentially subject to a number of adjustments. One such adjustment is the Non-Participating Manufacturer (“NPM”) Adjustment, which can be triggered if, among other things, the PMs suffer a specified market share loss attributable in significant part to their compliance with the MSA. Because it has been determined that the PMs did experience such market-share loss in 2003 and 2004, the PMs claim that they are entitled to offset the annual settlement payments due in April 2006 and April 2007 by the amount of their alleged overpayments in 2003 and 2004. The total potential NPM Adjustment for all states is approximately $1.2 billion for 2003 and $1.1 billion for 2004, with Massachusetts’ share approximately $45-$50 million for each year.

Under the MSA, a state is immune from the NPM Adjustment if the state continuously had a “qualifying statute,” as defined in the MSA, “in full force and effect during the entire calendar year immediately preceding the year in which the payment in question is due, and diligently enforced the provisions of such statute during such entire calendar year.” Massachusetts had such a “qualifying statute” in effect for the relevant period. Nonetheless, the PMs have asserted that Massachusetts (and all other states) failed to diligently enforce its qualifying statute in 2003 and 2004 as required by the MSA and have withheld payment on that basis. In connection with annual payments due on April 17, 2006, the PMs withheld approximately $30 million from the Commonwealth’s share of payments for the 2003 diligent enforcement dispute. In connection with annual payments due on April 26, 2007, the PMs withheld approximately $27 million for the 2004 diligent enforcement dispute.

On April 18, 2006, upon the PMs’ withholding of the payment due April 17, 2006, the Commonwealth filed an emergency motion in Middlesex County Superior Court seeking immediate payment of the disputed amount and a judicial declaration that Massachusetts diligently enforced its qualifying statute during 2003. The PMs cross-moved to compel arbitration. On June 22, 2006, the Superior Court allowed the PMs’ motion to compel arbitration of the diligent-enforcement dispute and dismissed the Commonwealth’s complaint. The Commonwealth appealed the Superior Court’s order, and the Supreme Judicial Court allowed its application for direct appellate review. On April 23, 2007, the Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the Superior Court’s order dismissing the Commonwealth’s motion and compelling arbitration of the diligent enforcement dispute. The Supreme Judicial Court did not resolve the merits of the diligent enforcement dispute, leaving that determination to a panel of arbitrators selected in accordance with the terms of the MSA. As of May 2007, no arbitration panel has been selected, and no arbitration proceeding has been scheduled.

Grand River Enterprises Six Nations, Ltd. v. William Pryor et al. (U.S. District Court, New York). This case challenges certain state statutes enacted following the execution of the MSA. The plaintiffs are a group of companies that manufacture, import or distribute cigarettes manufactured by tobacco companies that are not parties to the MSA (“Non-Participating Manufacturers” or “NPMs”). The plaintiffs challenge so-called “escrow” or “qualifying” statutes enacted by various states, including Massachusetts, which require, among other things, each NPM to establish and fund an escrow or reserve account in an amount determined by the manufacturer’s sales volume in the state. The plaintiffs sued 31 attorneys general, including the Massachusetts Attorney General, alleging that the defendants have commenced or threatened enforcement actions against them for failure to establish or adequately fund their escrow accounts. The plaintiffs contend that these enforcement actions and the related statutes are unconstitutional, violate the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and are pre-empted by the Federal Cigarette Labeling Act. Following ultimately unsuccessful litigation on the defendants’ motion to dismiss, a scheduling conference was held on March 21, 2007, and discovery has commenced. If the plaintiffs ultimately obtain a judgment declaring the states’ escrow statutes invalid, that result could make it more likely that the so-called NPM

 

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Adjustment referred to in the preceding paragraphs might apply to reduce future payments to Massachusetts and other states under the MSA in amounts that could be significant but cannot be estimated at this time.

Environment

The Commonwealth is engaged in various lawsuits concerning environmental and related laws, including an action brought by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency alleging violations of the Clean Water Act and seeking to reduce the pollution in Boston Harbor. United States v. Metropolitan District Commission. See also Conservation Law Foundation v. Metropolitan District Commission and United States v. South Essex Sewerage District. The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (“MWRA”), successor in liability to the Metropolitan District Commission, has assumed primary responsibility for developing and implementing a court-approved plan and timetable for the construction of the treatment facilities necessary to achieve compliance with the federal requirements. As of May 9, 2007, the MWRA projected that the total cost of construction of the wastewater facilities required under the court’s order, not including combined sewer overflow (“CSO”) costs, will be approximately $3.142 billion in current dollars, with approximately $131 million to be spent after June 30, 2001. With CSO costs, the MWRA anticipates spending approximately $633 million after that date. Under the Clean Water Act, the Commonwealth may be liable for any cost of complying with any judgment in these or any other Clean Water Act cases to the extent the MWRA or a municipality is prevented by state law from raising revenues necessary to comply with such a judgment.

Wellesley College v. Commonwealth (Suffolk Superior Court). Wellesley College is seeking contribution from the Commonwealth for costs related to the clean up of environmental contamination on the Wellesley College campus and adjacent areas, including Lake Waban. On September 5, 2001, the court entered judgment incorporating a partial settlement between the parties, under which the College will fund a clean up of hazardous materials at the campus and the northern shoreline of Lake Waban, which is expected to cost approximately $40 million. The judgment has since been amended by agreement of the parties and approval by the court. Under the terms of the partial settlement and judgment, the Commonwealth has reimbursed the college approximately $1 million (about 2.5% of total clean-up costs) from an escrow account after the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) determined that a portion of the Lake Waban shoreline clean-up was properly performed. No further reimbursement is due to the College under the judgment. Other issues that may lead to counterclaims by the College against the Commonwealth or its agencies include groundwater contamination (estimated to cost $2 million or more depending on future decisions by DEP on appropriate clean-up) and clean-up of Lake Waban itself, for which DEP has now approved a temporary solution, reviewable every five years. If a full clean-up of the lake is required in the future, it could cost up to $100 million.

In re Massachusetts Military Reservation (pre-litigation). The Commonwealth, through the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, the Department of Environmental Protection and the Attorney General’s Office, is engaged in preliminary discussions with federal Natural Resource Trustees, including the United States Army and Air Force, the Department of Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration regarding natural resource damages at the Massachusetts Military Reservation on Cape Cod. The Commonwealth’s Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs is the State Natural Resources Trustee. Federal Trustees claim that the Commonwealth and others are liable for natural resource damages due to widespread contamination primarily from past military activities at the Reservation. This asserted liability also may extend to response actions and related activities necessary to remediate the site. The assessment process for natural resource damages is set forth in federal regulations and is expected to take many months to complete. While no recent comprehensive estimate of natural resource damages and response actions is available, it is expected that the damages and response actions may cost at least tens of millions of dollars. As of May 9, 2007, the Commonwealth is in settlement negotiations with one of the private contractors regarding contamination at a portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation site.

Conservation Law Foundation v. Romney (U.S. District Court). An environmental group brought a citizens’ Clean Air Act case to compel the Commonwealth to improve the state’s mass transit system in connection with

 

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the approaching completion of the CA/T Project. The Commonwealth settled this action in November 2006, by agreeing to proceed on certain public transit commitments to offset an alleged increase in pollution as a result of the Big Dig. The terms of the settlement require the Commonwealth to move forward on various transit projects (including developing a connector between the Red and Blue subway lines), provide interim deadlines for existing projects and increase public participation and oversight. The court action has been stayed indefinitely, pending implementation of the settlement.

The Arborway Committee v. Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works et al. (Suffolk Superior Court). The plaintiff, a volunteer group of residents and merchants in Jamaica Plain, filed a complaint in February 2007, seeking to compel the Commonwealth to restore electric light rail service between Heath Street and the Forest Hills station in Boston. Green Line service along this route, known as the Arborway line, was discontinued in 1985. The plaintiff claims that the Commonwealth’s failure to restore the Arborway Line is a breach of a memorandum of understanding entered into between the Commonwealth and the Conservation Law Foundation in 1990. The Commonwealth has answered the complaint and, as of February 28, 2008, the case is in the discovery phase.

Boston Harbor Clean-Up. The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) has assumed primary responsibility for developing and implementing a court-approved plan and timetable for the construction of the treatment facilities necessary to achieve compliance with the federal requirements. The total cost of construction of the wastewater facilities required under the court’s order, not including combined sewer overflow (CSO) costs, was approximately $3.5 billion. The MWRA anticipates spending $868 million for CSO projects overall.

Other

Shwachman v. Commonwealth (Worcester Superior Court). This is an eminent domain matter arising from a taking in Worcester of property necessary for the construction of a new Worcester County courthouse. The pro tanto amount was $6.65 million. The property owner suggests that his estimated damages are in excess of $30 million. Suit was filed May 17, 2004. Discovery is ongoing with a trial date likely in late 2008 or early 2009.

Perini Corp., Kiewit Construction. Corp., Jay Cashman, Inc., d/b/a Perini—Kiewit—Cashman Joint Venture v. Commonwealth (Superior Court). In six consolidated cases and related potential litigation, plaintiffs make claims for alleged increased costs arising from differing site conditions and other causes of delay on the CA/T Project. Plaintiffs have asserted claims of approximately $150 million, which are at various stages of resolution at the Superior Court and before the CA/T Project Dispute Review Board panels.

American Council of Engineering Cos. v. Mass Turnpike, Mass Highway Department and the Commonwealth (Suffolk Superior Court). The plaintiff, a trade association of consulting engineers, asserts that, due to the financial difficulties of two insurers who are part of the Central Artery/Tunnel Project’s Owner-Controlled Insurance Program (“OCIP”), the CA/T Project is contractually required to replace two insurance policies totaling $25 million. The cost of replacing the two policies may exceed $20 million. The Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss has been denied and the case is at the discovery stage.

Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel Cost Recovery Program Litigation (Suffolk Superior Court). In 2004, the Commonwealth and the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority filed ten civil actions against section design consultants of the CA/T Project, claiming that the designers’ errors and omissions caused the project to expend additional costs during construction. The actions were filed as part of the CA/T Project’s cost recovery program to recoup extra costs directly attributable to the designers’ errors and omissions in design. The Commonwealth and the Turnpike Authority also filed a complaint in 2004 against the Project’s management consultant, Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff (“B/PB”), a joint venture. The main claim in this case is B/PB’s failure to disclose the true cost of the Project. The cost recovery efforts were transferred to the Attorney General’s office effective February 1, 2005. In addition, in November 2006, the Commonwealth, on behalf of the Massachusetts Highway Department, along with the Turnpike Authority, brought an action against B/PB and other defendants alleging

 

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breach of contract, negligence and other claims arising out of the July 2006, ceiling collapse in the I-90 Connector Tunnel of the CA/T Project.

Nathaniel Lavallee et al. v. Justices of Hampden Superior Court et al., Michael Carabello et al. v. Justices of Hampden Superior Court et al., and Rosemary Cooper v. Region V Administrative Justice et al. (Supreme Judicial Court for Suffolk County). In these companion cases, the Supreme Judicial Court decided in July 2004 that the constitutional rights of indigent criminal defendants in Hampden County had been violated by the inability of the Committee for Public Counsel Services to appoint attorneys for them because statutory rates of state-paid compensation were so low that many Hampden County bar advocates had become unwilling to accept appointments. The court ruled that indigent criminal defendants must be released from custody if they have been incarcerated pending trial for more than seven days without counsel and that charges must be dismissed without prejudice after 45 days without counsel. The court declined, at that time, to order an increase in rates of bar advocate compensation. The cases were remanded to a single justice of the Supreme Judicial Court for implementation of a mechanism for the appointment of counsel by Hampden County courts. One bar advocate, Rosemary Cooper, sought additional compensation in a separate case. On October 10, 2006, the Supreme Judicial Court denied her petition for relief. As of May 9, 2007, the remainder of this litigation was not active, but could be resumed if the shortage of available attorneys recurs.

Arianna S. et al. v. Commonwealth (Supreme Judicial Court for Suffolk County). This was a class action on behalf of all indigent persons who are constitutionally entitled to state-compensated counsel in civil and criminal proceedings. The petitioners claim to have been deprived of the effective assistance of counsel because of the low rates paid to bar advocates and to represent a statewide class consisting of all indigent persons similarly situated. As in the cases described in the preceding paragraph, the relief sought included a court-ordered increase in bar advocate compensation. In August 2005, the Legislature substantially increased the hourly rates for bar advocates and has appropriated funds therefor for both fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2007. On October 30, 2007, the court dismissed the case “on the grounds of mootness, passage of time, and the recent legislative appropriation.”

Goldberg v. Commonwealth (Suffolk Superior Court). This case involves billboards at the East Boston entrance to Logan Airport. One billboard was removed as part of parkland mitigation for the CA/T Project. The plaintiff claims to be subject to a regulation that prohibits billboards within 300 feet of a park. Thus, the plaintiff expects to lose the rest of his billboards and values the loss of these property rights at approximately $20 million. The case is scheduled for trial on October 27, 2008.

Suffolk Construction Co. and NER Construction Management, Inc. d/b/a Suffolk/NER v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Capital Asset Management (Suffolk Superior Court). The general contractor for the historic renovation project for the Suffolk County Courthouse sued the Division of Capital Asset Management claiming that it is owed additional amounts for extra costs and delays associated with the project. Total exposure is approximately $60 million ($16 million in claims of the general contractor and $44 million in pass-through claims from subcontractors). As of July 2007, discovery is continuing in this matter and a special discovery master has been appointed by the court.

Cutting Edge Enterprises, Inc. v. National Association of Attorneys General et al., U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; Cutting Edge Enterprises, Inc. v. National Association of Attorneys General et al., U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Middle District of North Carolina. The plaintiff, now in bankruptcy, is a Subsequent Participating Manufacturer (“SPM”) which filed suit in the Southern District of New York (SDNY) in January, 2006 against numerous states, including Massachusetts, alleging that the states’ refusal to list the plaintiff as an approved SPM on their Tobacco Directories violates the terms of the MSA and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. In March, 2006, the SDNY dismissed the suit for lack of personal jurisdiction over the defendant states and NAAG. The plaintiff subsequently filed for bankruptcy in the Middle District of North Carolina. In its complaint filed in the bankruptcy court, the plaintiff asks the court to declare that states’ refusal to list the plaintiff as an approved SPM on their Tobacco Directories violates the terms of the MSA and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and tortiously interferes with the plaintiff’s business. It further asked that if the court were to find no breach of the MSA, the

 

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court find that certain provisions of the MSA are pre-empted by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and are therefore unenforceable. On January 16, 2008, the case was dismissed. On January 22, 2008, the appeal was dismissed.

In re Aggregate Industries Settlement. In late June, 2007, the Attorney General and the United States Attorney resolved four civil cases and one criminal matter with Aggregate Industries NE, Inc. (Aggregate), arising out of Aggregate’s supply of concrete products to the Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel project. In addition to a guilty plea on a charge of conspiracy to defraud the government, the settlement requires Aggregate to make total payments of $50 million, including approximately $6.2 million to the Commonwealth, approximately $1.1 million of which the Commonwealth must in turn pay to “relators” (whistleblowers). In addition, the settlement provides that approximately $27.1 million plus accrued interest will be paid into a trust fund for future repairs and maintenance of structures related to the project. The four civil cases resolved by this agreement are: Commonwealth of Massachusetts ex rel. Chase v. Aggregate Industries, Inc. et al in Suffolk Superior Court and United States ex rel. Harrington and Finney v. Aggregate Industries, Inc. et al, United States ex rel. Chase v. Aggregate Industries, Inc. et al, and United States ex rel. Johnston v. Aggregate Industries PLC et al, all in the United States District Court.

Historical Nipmuc Tribe v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Land Court. The Historical Nipmuc Tribe seeks the return of “State Parks and other unsettled Lands” in Central Massachusetts that are allegedly illegally obtained Nipmuc tribal homelands, as well as restitution for the Commonwealth’s use of this property.

In re Delayed Release of Inmates. The Department of Correction has identified a group of inmates who were not released on their actual release dates, resulting in incarceration beyond their sentences. An initial group of 14 inmates has been identified who were released from one day to three years late. Although litigation has not been commenced, two of these inmates have already made demands for compensation in excess of the statutory cap, arguing that their delayed release violated their civil rights. The Department is continuing to review its records to identify any additional inmates who may have been released late.

ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc. v. Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories, District Court of Dallas County, Texas; Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories of the University of Massachusetts Medical School v. ASD Specialty Health Care, Inc., Suffolk Superior Court. On May 2, 2007, ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc. (ASD) filed suit against Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories (MBL) in Texas state court alleging that it entered into an agreement with MBL for the distribution of Td vaccine (“Distribution Agreement”) and that MBL induced ASD to enter into the Distribution Agreement based on false statement concerning the size and nature of the marker for Td vaccine and the nature of the exclusive relationship ASD was to enjoy under the Distribution Agreement. ASD seeks to rescind the Distribution Agreement and recover the amounts it claims to have made MBL to date for Td vaccine, totaling over $34 million. On May 25, 2007, MBL filed suit against ASD in Suffolk Superior Court, alleging ASD’s breach of the Distribution Agreement, under which ASD agreed to purchase certain guaranteed minimum quantities of Td vaccine from MBL. Specifically, MBL brings claims for breach of contract, breach of duty of good faith and fair dealing, unfair and deceptive practices and a declaration concerning mitigation. MBL asserts that ASD refuses to take delivery of remaining Td vaccine lots to which ASD committed under the Distribution Agreement and pay MBL for certain lots that ASD either holds in its possession or had resold. MBL claims that the Td vaccine at issue has a contract value of approximately $18.4 million and seeks contract damages in that amount plus exemplary damages and attorneys’ fees. In September, 2007, the Texas state court allowed MBL’s motion to dismiss based on the Distribution Agreement’s forum selection clause. ASD filed its appeal in the Texas case on December 31, 2007; the case was dismissed on February 5, 2008. MBL filed its answer in the Massachusetts case on November 30, 2007.

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RATING AGENCIES’ ACTIONS

As of February 25, 2008, Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch assigned bond ratings of AA, Aa2 and AA, respectively, to the Commonwealth’s general obligation bonds. Each such rating reflects only the views of the respective rating agency, and an explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from such rating agency. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely by such rating agency. Any such downward revisions or withdrawals of ratings could have adverse effects on the market price of the Commonwealth’s municipal obligations.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Massachusetts municipal obligations may also include obligations of the governments of Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories and their political subdivisions to the extent that these obligations are exempt from Massachusetts state personal income taxes. Accordingly, the fund’s investments in such securities may be adversely affected by local political and economic conditions and developments within Puerto Rico and certain other U.S. territories affecting the issuers of such obligations.

 

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APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING

PUERTO RICO MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS

The following information is a summary of special factors affecting investments in Puerto Rico municipal obligations. The sources of payment for such obligations and the marketability thereof may be affected by financial or other difficulties experienced by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (“Puerto Rico” or the “Commonwealth”) and certain of its municipalities and public authorities. This information does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to offerings of Puerto Rico issuers. Any estimates of future results and other projections are statements of opinion based on available information at the time made and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially. The fund has not independently verified, and the fund is not responsible for, the accuracy or timeliness of this information, and such information is included herein without the express authority of any Puerto Rico issuer.

OVERVIEW

Puerto Rico is located approximately 1,600 miles southeast of New York City. According to the United States Census Bureau, its population was 3,927,776 as of July 1, 2006. Puerto Rico’s political status is that of a commonwealth. The United States and the Commonwealth share a common defense, market and currency. The Commonwealth exercises virtually the same control over its internal affairs as do the fifty states. It differs from the states, however, in its relationship with the federal government. The people of Puerto Rico are citizens of the United States but do not vote in national elections. They are represented in Congress by a Resident Commissioner who has a voice in the House of Representatives but no vote. Most federal taxes, except those such as Social Security taxes, which are imposed by mutual consent, are not levied in Puerto Rico. No federal income tax is collected from Puerto Rico residents on income earned in Puerto Rico, except for certain federal employees who are subject to taxes on their salaries. The official languages of Puerto Rico are Spanish and English.

The Constitution of Puerto Rico limits the amount of general obligation debt that the Commonwealth can issue or guarantee. The Commonwealth’s policy has been and continues to be to maintain the level of such debt within a prudent range below the constitutional limitation.

ECONOMY

General

The Commonwealth has established policies and programs directed principally at developing the manufacturing and services sectors of the economy and expanding and modernizing the Commonwealth’s infrastructure. Domestic and foreign investments have been stimulated by selective tax exemptions, development loans, and other financial and tax incentives. Infrastructure expansion and modernization have been to a large extent financed by bonds and notes issued by the Commonwealth, its public corporations, and municipalities. Economic progress has been aided by significant increases in the levels of education and occupational skills of the population.

Puerto Rico has enjoyed more than two decades of almost continuous economic expansion. Virtually every sector of the economy has participated in this expansion, and record levels of employment have been achieved. Factors contributing to this expansion include government-sponsored economic development programs, increases in the level of federal transfer payments, and the relatively low cost of borrowing. In some years, these factors were aided by a significant rise in construction investment driven by infrastructure projects, private investment, primarily in housing, and relatively low oil prices. In the three fiscal years after the previous recession, during

 

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fiscal year 2002, the economy expanded at a moderate annual rate of 2.2%. During fiscal year 2006, real gross national product increased only 0.7% and more recently, several key economic figures have begun to indicate a contraction of economic activity. For fiscal year 2007, the Planning Board’s March 2007 projection forecasted a real gross national product decline of 1.4% followed by slight real growth of 0.8% for fiscal year 2008.

Personal income, both aggregate and per capita, has increased consistently each fiscal year from 1985 to 2006. In fiscal year 2006, aggregate personal income was $50.9 billion ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices) and personal income per capita was $12,997 ($11,218 in 2000 prices). Personal income includes transfer payments to individuals in Puerto Rico under various social programs. Total federal payments to Puerto Rico, which amount to around $15 billion annually and include transfers to local government entities and expenditures of federal agencies in Puerto Rico, in addition to federal transfer payments to individuals, are lower on a per capita basis in Puerto Rico than in any state of the United States. Contrary to the popular perception that a significant amount of federal transfers to individuals constitutes grants, 80% of the transfer payments to individuals in fiscal year 2006 ($8.0 billion), represented entitlements for previously performed services or resulting from contributions to programs such as Social Security, Veterans’ Benefits, Medicare, and U.S. Civil Service retirement pensions. Grants represent the remainder of the federal transfers to individuals, mostly concentrated in the Nutritional Assistance Program (Food Stamps) and Pell Grant (higher education) Scholarships.

Total average annual employment (as measured by the Department of Labor and Human Resources Household Employment Survey (the “Household Survey”)) has also increased. From fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2007, annual employment increased 6.3% to 1,262,900.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of production and income are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of production and income are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second only to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

The economy of Puerto Rico is closely linked to the United States economy, as most of the external factors that affect the Puerto Rico economy (other than the price of oil) are determined by the policies and performance of the economy of the United States. These external factors include exports, direct investment, the amount of federal transfer payments, the level of interest rates, the rate of inflation, and tourist expenditures. During fiscal year 2006 (from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006), approximately 83% of Puerto Rico’s exports went to the United States mainland, which was also the source of approximately 51% of Puerto Rico’s imports. Consequently, the recession in the United States in 2001 and the subsequent recovery were also reflected in the Puerto Rico economy, although to a lesser degree.

Forecast for Fiscal Year 2007

The Puerto Rico Planning Board’s (the “Planning Board”) real gross national product forecast for fiscal year 2007, which was released in March 2007, projected a decline of 1.4%, or 2.0% in then-current dollars. Personal income was also expected to decline by 1.2%, or 3.1% in then-current dollars. As of March 2007, the Planning

 

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Board expected real growth to return in fiscal year 2008, albeit at only 0.8%, or 5.1% in then-current dollars. As of July 2007, the major factors affecting the economy included, among others, the relatively high oil prices, the slowdown of the U.S. economic activity and the continuing economic uncertainty generated by the Commonwealth’s fiscal crisis, and the effects on economic activity of the implementation of the new sales tax. The Planning Board expects that consumers will take a while to adjust their behavior to this new system.

According to the Department of Labor and Human Resources Household Employment Survey (the “Household Survey”), total employment for fiscal year 2007 averaged 1,262,900, an increase of 0.8% compared to 1,253,400 for fiscal year 2006. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2007 was 10.4%, a decrease from 11.7% for fiscal year 2006.

Fiscal Year 2006

The Planning Board’s preliminary reports on the performance of the Puerto Rico economy for fiscal year 2006 indicate that real gross national product increased 0.7% (5.8% in then-current dollars) over fiscal year 2005. Nominal gross national product was $56.7 billion in fiscal year 2006 ($45.1 billion in 2000 prices), compared to $53.6 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($44.8 billion in 2000 prices). Aggregate personal income increased from $48.3 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($43.6 billion in 2000 prices) to $50.9 billion in fiscal year 2006 ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices), and personal income per capita increased from $12,365 in fiscal year 2005 ($11,179 in 2000 prices), to $12,997 in fiscal year 2006 ($11,218 in 2000 prices).

According to the Household Survey, total employment for fiscal year 2006 averaged 1,253,400, an increase of 1.3% compared to 1,237,600 for fiscal year 2005. The driving force behind total employment is self-employment. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2006 was 11.7%, an increase from 10.6% for fiscal year 2005, due to the partial government shutdown in May 2006 that resulted in the two week furlough of many government employees. As in the past, the economy of Puerto Rico followed the general performance and trends of the United States economy, although at a lower rate of growth.

Among the variables contributing to the Planning Board’s downward revision in the forecast were the effect of persistent high levels of oil prices, the upward trend in short-term interest rates, the depreciation of the dollar (which affects the value of imports from foreign countries, accounting for approximately 50% of total imports to Puerto Rico), and the deceleration of public investment due to the Commonwealth’s budget deficit (which served, together with other factors, to reduce activity in construction and other sectors). The persistent high level of the price of oil and its derivatives (such as gasoline) has served to reduce the income available for other purchases and, thereby, negatively affected domestic demand. Due to the Commonwealth’s dependence on oil for power generation and gasoline, in spite of its recent improvements in power production diversification, the high level of oil prices is expected to account for an increased outflow of approximately $2 billion in fiscal year 2006. The upward trend in short-term interest rates has also directly affected construction activity, which has been a major contributor to economic growth in recent years, and accentuated the fiscal difficulties of the Commonwealth’s government with respect to the fiscal year 2006 budget deficit.

Fiscal Year 2005

The Planning Board’s reports of the performance of the Puerto Rico economy during fiscal year 2005 indicate that the economy (as registered by real gross national product) grew by 1.9%. Nominal gross national product was $53.6 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($44.8 billion in 2000 prices), compared to $50.7 billion in fiscal year 2004 ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices). This represents an increase in nominal gross national product of 5.7%. Aggregate personal income increased from $45.6 billion in fiscal year 2004 ($42.5 billion in 2000 prices) to $48.3 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($43.6 billion in 2000 prices), and personal income per capita increased from $11,724 in fiscal year 2004 ($10,936 in 2000 prices), to $12,365 in fiscal year 2005 ($11,179 in 2000 prices).

According to the Household Survey, total employment for fiscal year 2005 averaged 1,237,600, an increase of 2.7% compared to 1,205,600 for fiscal year 2004. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2005 was 10.6%, a decrease from 11.4% for fiscal year 2004.

 

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Economic Development Program

The Commonwealth’s economic development program is now focused on initiatives aimed at producing more diversified and sustainable economic development. The six principal elements of these initiatives, as expressed in the Governor’s Economic Development and Government Transformation Plan for Puerto Rico, are the following: (i) developing world-class infrastructure, while encouraging private investment with innovative financial models and agile, effective evaluation processes; (ii) accelerating Puerto Rico’s entry into the knowledge economy by creating a center of excellence in biotechnology, engineering and computing; (iii) promoting local enterprise and supporting local businesses by providing innovative financing alternatives and access to domestic and foreign markets; (iv) transforming the tourist industry into a vehicle for Puerto Rico’s economic development; (v) diversifying energy-generating sources to reduce dependence on petroleum by half; and (vi) transforming Puerto Rico’s government, without the need for layoffs or privatization, through effective agency consolidation and decentralization functions to offer first-class services to all citizens in a sensible, effective and agile manner and to contribute to Puerto Rico’s socio-economic development.

Puerto Rico Tax Incentives

One of the benefits enjoyed by the Commonwealth is that corporations operating in Puerto Rico (other than corporations organized in the United States with a local branch) and individuals residing in Puerto Rico generally are not subject to federal income taxes on income derived in Puerto Rico. This enables the Commonwealth to utilize local tax legislation as a tool for stimulating economic development.

In this regard, the Commonwealth enacted legislation extending certain benefits of its most recent tax incentives law, Act No. 135 of December 2, 1997, as amended (the “1998 Tax Incentives Act”), to all eligible businesses operating under previous tax incentives laws. These benefits include a 200% deduction for research and development expenses and worker training expenses, the ability to deduct as a current expense investments in machinery and equipment, and the ability to claim a tax credit equal to 25% of the purchase price of a product manufactured in the Commonwealth (in excess of a base amount) or 35% of the purchase price of a locally-manufactured, recycled product.

The tax incentives under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act were available until December 31, 2007 (although tax incentive concessions granted thereunder will continue to be in effect until their respective dates of expiration). As of July 2007, the Puerto Rico Legislature was considering whether to amend, replace or extend the effectiveness of the 1998 Tax Incentives Act.

Reduction of the Costs of Doing Business

The Commonwealth believes that to make Puerto Rico more competitive and foster investment it needs to reduce the cost of doing business in Puerto Rico. In order to accomplish this, the Commonwealth proposes to (i) promote the creation of more cogeneration power plants to diversify energy fuel sources and reduce oil imports for electric power generation; (ii) streamline the permitting process to accelerate and reduce the cost of investment in Puerto Rico; and (iii) create a multi-agency task force to expedite critical projects. The Commonwealth has also implemented additional initiatives to restructure certain government agencies in order to improve the services offered by these agencies and provide such services in a more efficient manner.

Federal Tax Incentives

In connection with the phase-out of Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “U.S. Code”), the United States Senate requested the Joint Commission on Taxation (“JCT”) and the United States Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) to study the economic impact of this phase-out and present recommendations on alternative tax incentives for U.S.-based companies operating in Puerto Rico. In anticipation of the final phase-out of Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code, most U.S.-based companies operating

 

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under Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code have converted from United States corporations to Controlled Foreign Corporations (“CFCs”), thus lessening the impact of the phase-out of those sections on their operations.

In May 2006, the GAO published its study titled “Fiscal Relations with the Federal Government and Economic Trends during the phase-out of the Possessions Tax Credit.” The GAO study found that Puerto Rico’s per capita gross domestic product and gross national product were significantly lower compared to United States averages, and the absolute gap between the per capita gross national product of Puerto Rico residents and that of United States residents has increased. The GAO study further found that, although the value-added by United States companies claiming the possessions tax credit decreased by about two-thirds during the period 1993-2003, much of the decline was offset by growth in other corporations, such as pharmaceuticals. Finally, the GAO study determined that although residents of Puerto Rico pay considerably less total tax per capita than residents of the United States, they pay approximately the same percentage of their personal income in taxes. The GAO study, which is informative in nature, is intended to help the United States Congress decide which economic development initiatives will best suit Puerto Rico’s current situation.

In June 2006, the JCT published its pamphlet titled “An Overview of the Special Tax Rules related to Puerto Rico and an Analysis of the Tax and Economic Policy Implications of Recent Legislative Options” (the “JCT Report”). The JCT Report provides an overview of the tax and non-tax rules applicable to United States possessions, the special tax rules applicable to Puerto Rico and an economic analysis of such special tax rules. The JCT Report also presents certain legislative options and specific proposals that have been advocated by various parties in order to stimulate economic growth in Puerto Rico. Although these legislative options and specific proposals are not recommendations, the JCT Report does state that federal and Commonwealth tax policy must be coordinated in order to design and implement new tax proposals aimed at enhancing development in Puerto Rico by targeting problems unique to Puerto Rico, instead of problems common to the United States and Puerto Rico, which proposals are likely to induce business to relocate from the United States to Puerto Rico.

As of July 2007, the United States Congress had recently approved legislation that extends to production activities that take place in Puerto Rico the benefit of section 199 of the U.S. Code, which provides a nine percent reduction in the federal income tax rate, phased-in over five years (from 35% to 31.85% after 2009). This extension applies to activities occurring on the island of branches of U.S. corporations that are not CFCs. The Commonwealth is also seeking the extension of additional sections of the U.S. Code that provide a dividends received deduction for a percentage of profits generated in Puerto Rico by CFCs, as well as deductions that would encourage investments in research and development activities.

Employment and Unemployment

The number of persons employed in Puerto Rico during fiscal year 2007 averaged 1,262,900, a 0.8% increase from 1,253,400 in fiscal year 2006. Unemployment, although at relatively low historical levels, is about twice the United States average. The average unemployment rate decreased from 11.7% in fiscal year 2006 to 10.4% in fiscal year 2007. The number of self-employed individuals represents around 17% of civilian employment in Puerto Rico, more than double the level in the United States.

Economic Performance by Sector

From fiscal year 2002 to fiscal year 2006, the manufacturing and services sectors generated the largest portion of gross domestic product. The three sectors of the economy that provide the most employment are manufacturing, services and government.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the largest sector of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of gross domestic product. The Planning Board estimates that in fiscal year 2006 manufacturing generated $36.6 billion, or 42.3%, of gross

 

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domestic product. During fiscal year 2007, payroll employment for the manufacturing sector was 105,808, a decrease of 6.2% compared with fiscal year 2006, with most of the job losses occurring in labor-intensive industries. Most of the island’s manufacturing output is shipped to the United States mainland, which is also the principal source of semi-finished manufactured articles on which further manufacturing operations are performed in Puerto Rico. The United States minimum wage laws are applicable in Puerto Rico. As of June 2007, the average hourly manufacturing wage rate in Puerto Rico was 68.1% of the average mainland United States rate.

Total employment in the manufacturing sector decreased by 12,947 from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2007. Manufacturing employment had been declining during the past decade, but the decline accelerated during fiscal years 2002 and 2003, falling 10.6% and 4.8%, respectively. After that, manufacturing employment seemed to stabilize around 118,000 jobs, but the deceleration reappeared in fiscal year 2006 with the sector experiencing another significant drop of 3.8%. For fiscal year 2007 the manufacturing employment decline accelerated further to -6.2%. Between July 2006 and July 2007, the economy lost around 7,050 jobs in the manufacturing sector. There are several reasons which explain this sector’s job shrinkage: the end of the phase-out of Section 936 of the U.S. Code, which had provided federal tax incentives to corporations operating in Puerto Rico; the net loss of patents on certain pharmaceutical products; the escalation of manufacturing production costs (particularly labor and electricity); and the increased use of job outsourcing. Puerto Rico’s manufacturing sector is facing increased international competition, and new ideas and initiatives are believed to be necessary to improve this sector.

Services

Puerto Rico has experienced significant growth in the services sector, which includes finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, tourism and other services, in terms of both income and employment over the past decade, showing a favorable trend as compared with certain other industrialized economies. During the period between fiscal years 2002 and 2006, the gross domestic product in this sector, in nominal terms, increased at an average annual rate of 4.5%, while payroll employment in this sector increased at an average annual rate of 2.5%. In the Puerto Rico labor market, self-employment, which is not accounted for in the Payroll Survey, represents approximately 17% of total employment according to the Household Survey. Most of the self-employment is concentrated in the service and construction sectors. For example, in fiscal year 2006, the number of self-employed individuals was 182,914, out of which 46.8% were in the services sector and 15.1% were in the construction sector. The development of the services sector has been positively affected by demand generated by other sectors of the economy, such as manufacturing, construction and agriculture. The services sector in Puerto Rico has a diversified base.

According to the Establishment Survey, for the first six months of fiscal year 2007 the net employment gain for this sector was 2,200 jobs, compared to the same period in the previous year. Service, finance, insurance and real estate employment added 6,800 jobs, while trade lost 4,600 jobs, for a net growth rate of 1%. The high degree of knowledge, skill and expertise in professional and technical services available in Puerto Rico places the island in a favorable competitive position with respect to Latin America and other trading countries throughout the world.

The services sector ranks second to manufacturing in its contribution to gross domestic product, and it is the sector with the greatest employment. In fiscal year 2006, services generated $33.6 billion of gross domestic product, or 38.9% of the total. Services employment grew from 523,691 in fiscal year 2003 to 562,949 in fiscal year 2007 (representing 54.5% of total non-farm payroll employment). This represents a cumulative increase of 7.5% during such period. Wholesale and retail trade, finance, insurance and real estate experienced significant growth in fiscal years 2002 to 2006, as measured by gross domestic product. From fiscal year 2002 to 2006, gross domestic product increased in wholesale and retail trade from $8.6 billion to $10.7 billion, and in finance, insurance and real estate from $11.2 billion to $14.7 billion. There are sixteen commercial banks and trust companies operating in Puerto Rico as of July 2007. Total assets of these institutions as of March 31, 2007 were $119.6 billion. As of March 31, 2007, there were approximately thirty-five international banking entities operating in Puerto Rico licensed to conduct offshore banking transactions with total assets of $78.5 billion.

 

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Hotels and Related Services—Tourism

During fiscal year 2006, the number of persons registered in tourist hotels, including residents of Puerto Rico and tourists staying in more than one hotel during their visit, was 1,913,400, an increase of 3.4% over the number of persons registered during the same period in fiscal year 2005. The number of non-resident tourists registered in tourist hotels during fiscal year 2006 increased 4.6% compared to fiscal year 2005. Hotel rooms available during fiscal year 2006 increased 3.9% compared to fiscal year 2005. The average number of rooms rented in tourist hotels increased 3.9% during fiscal year 2006 compared to fiscal year 2005. The average occupancy rate in tourist hotels during fiscal years 2005 and 2006 was 70.8%.

During the first nine months of fiscal year 2007, the number of persons registered in tourist hotels, including residents of Puerto Rico and tourists staying in more than one hotel during their visit, was 1,331,700, a decrease of 6.6% over the number of persons registered during the same period in fiscal year 2006. The average occupancy rate in tourist hotels during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 was 70.9%, compared to 70.1% during the same period in fiscal year 2006. The average number of rooms rented in tourist hotels decreased 6.0% during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 compared with the same period during fiscal year 2006. The average number of rooms available in tourist hotels decreased 7.2% during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 compared to the same period in fiscal year 2006 as the completion of regular maintenance and rehabilitation of rooms (that normally results in a certain number of rooms being unavailable at any time) was taking longer to complete than in prior years.

San Juan is the largest homeport for cruise ships in the Caribbean and one of the largest homeports for cruise ships in the world.

The Commonwealth, through the Convention Center District Authority, has completed the development of the largest convention center in the Caribbean, and the centerpiece of a 100-acre, private development, to include hotels, restaurants, cinemas, office space and housing. The convention center district is being developed at a total cost of $1.3 billion in an effort to improve Puerto Rico’s competitive position in the convention and group travel segments. The convention center opened on November 17, 2005.

Government

The government sector of Puerto Rico plays an important role in the economy. In fiscal year 2006, the government accounted for $8.4 billion of Puerto Rico’s gross domestic product, or 9.7% of the total. The government is also a significant employer, providing jobs for 297,450 workers, or 28.8% of total non-farm payroll employment in fiscal year 2006. This total includes municipal employees. As of March 31, 2007, central government employment had been reduced by approximately 13,700 positions since September 2004.

On February 25, 1998, legislation was enacted permitting the unionization of employees of the central government (excluding municipal employees). Under this law, government employees are given collective bargaining rights subject to a number of limitations. Among those limitations are: employees are prohibited from striking; salary increases are contingent on the availability of budgeted revenues; employees cannot be required to become union members and pay union dues; and collective bargaining negotiations cannot occur in an election year. During fiscal year 2006, the Commonwealth and its instrumentalities began to negotiate the economic and non-economic terms of at least forty collective bargaining agreements. The results of these negotiations could have a material impact on the General Fund.

Transportation

Thirty-four shipping lines offer regular ocean freight service to eighty United States and foreign ports. San Juan is the island’s leading seaport, but there are also seaport facilities at other locations in Puerto Rico including Arecibo, Culebra, Fajardo, Guayama, Guayanilla, Mayagüez, Ponce, Vieques, and Yabucoa.

 

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As of July 2007, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is served by 25 United States and international airlines. As of July 2007, there is daily direct service between San Juan and Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and numerous other destinations within the United States. There is also regularly scheduled service between Aguadilla and Ponce and New York and between Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands and certain Latin American and European cities. A major United States airline uses San Juan as a hub for its intra-Caribbean airline service. Several smaller airports serve intra-island traffic.

The island’s major cities are connected by a modern highway system, which, as of December 31, 2006, totaled approximately 4,621 miles. The highway system comprises 391 miles of primary system highways, which are the more important interregional traffic routes and include PR-52, PR-22, PR-53 and PR-20 toll highways, 230 miles of primary urban system highways, 959 miles of secondary system highways serving the needs of intra-regional traffic and 3,041 miles of tertiary highways and roads serving local, intra-regional traffic.

The first phase of a new mass transit system, known as Tren Urbano, has been completed. Tren Urbano serves a portion of metropolitan San Juan and is expected eventually to serve the municipalities of Carolina and Caguas as well. As of July 2007 it has ridership of about 33,000 per day.

The Port of the Americas Authority (“PAA”) is responsible for the development and operation of the Port of the Americas, a deep draft port on the south coast of Puerto Rico. The first phase of the Port of the Americas was completed in fiscal year 2004. This initial phase included the improvement of piers 4, 5 and 6 of the Port and the acquisition of heavy equipment at a cost of $40 million. During calendar year 2005, the PAA began the second phase of the Port, which phase was expected, as of July 1, 2007, to be completed by the end of calendar year 2007. Completion of this second phase will provide capacity to handle up to 250,000 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (“TEU”). This second phase includes (i) dredging the entrance channel and adjacent areas of the Port to a depth of 50 feet; (ii) reconstructing the container terminals; (iii) commencing certain required environmental risk mitigation procedures; and (iv) preparing final construction schematics. With respect to these tasks, dredging is 60% complete, the final design contract has been awarded, acquisition of environmental risk mitigation land is underway, and the contract for reconstruction of the container terminal was awarded in April 2006. The Port is expected to be capable of providing capacity for up to 700,000 TEUs when the third phase is completed.

As of May 31, 2007, PAA had an outstanding balance of $86.3 million under various lines of credit from the Government Development Bank (the “GDB”). PAA is authorized to borrow up to $250 million under these lines of credit. This debt is payable from annual legislative appropriations until the PAA starts generating revenues sufficient to cover debt service and is also guaranteed by the Commonwealth. Partial operation of the Port of the Americas, at a capacity of up to 250,000 TEUs per year, could begin as early as 2008.

Construction

Although the construction industry represents a relatively small segment of the economy compared to other sectors, it has made significant contributions to the growth of economic activity. During the period from fiscal year 2002 through fiscal year 2006, however, real construction investment decreased 1.1%. This decline was small compared to the high level of construction activity in prior fiscal years. The total value of construction permits increased 2.5% during the same five fiscal year period.

Total construction investment for fiscal year 2006 decreased (in real terms) by 5.8% (following a 7% real decline in fiscal year 2005) due principally to the drop in construction related public projects. For fiscal years 2007 and 2008, the Planning Board has forecasted further construction investment decreases (in real terms) of 3.5% and 3.4%, respectively. Public investment is expected to be primarily in housing, new schools (and school reconstruction programs), water projects, and other public infrastructure projects. Public investment in construction, however, has been negatively affected by the Commonwealth’s fiscal difficulties.

During the first eleven months of fiscal year 2007, the number and the total value of construction permits decreased 11.8% and 20.2%, respectively, compared to the same period in fiscal year 2006.

 

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Agriculture

The Department of Agriculture and related agencies have directed their efforts at increasing and improving local agricultural production, increasing efficiency and the quality of produce, and stimulating the consumption of locally produced agricultural products. During fiscal year 2006, gross income from agriculture was $805.6 million, an increase of 1.5% compared with fiscal year 2005. Agriculture gross income consists of the total value of production in the principal agricultural sectors, which include traditional crops, livestock and poultry, grains, vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants and other products. During fiscal year 2006, starchy vegetables, coffee, poultry, fruits and ornamental plants contributed a higher percentage of the sector’s income than in the previous fiscal year.

The Commonwealth supports agricultural activities through incentives, subsidies, and technical and support services, in addition to income tax exemptions for qualified income derived by bona fide farmers. Act No. 225 of 1995 provides a 90% income tax exemption for income derived from agricultural operations, an investment tax credit equal to 50% of the investment in qualified agricultural projects, and a 100% exemption from excise taxes, real and personal property taxes, municipal license taxes and tariff payments. It also provides full income tax exemption for interest income from bonds, notes and other debt instruments issued by financial institutions to provide financing to agricultural businesses. Subsequent legislation imposed an aggregate annual limit of $15 million on the investment tax credits available under Act No. 225.

Policy changes have been implemented to promote employment and income generated by the agricultural sector. The policy initiatives include a restructuring of the Department of Agriculture, an increase in government purchases of local agricultural products, new programs geared towards increasing the production and sales of agricultural products, and a new system of agricultural credits and subsidies for new projects.

Higher Education

During the five decades from 1950 to 2000, Puerto Rico made significant advances in the field of education, particularly at the college and graduate school level. The transformation of Puerto Rico during the 1950s and 1960s from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy brought about an increased demand for educational services at all levels. During the 1970s and 1980s, certain higher wage, higher technology industries became more prominent in Puerto Rico. More recently, employment in the services sector has increased significantly. This has resulted in an increased demand for workers having a higher level of education and greater expertise in various technical fields. During the same time period, enrollments in institutions of higher learning rose very rapidly due to growth in the college-age population, and the increasing proportion of college attendance by such population. During the 1990s and into the current decade, college attendance and college attendance as a percentage of the college-age population continued to increase, and the college-age population has declined since 2000.

The University of Puerto Rico, the only public university in Puerto Rico, has eleven campuses located throughout the island. The University’s total enrollment for academic year 2006-2007 was approximately 62,340 students. The Commonwealth is legally bound to appropriate annually for the University of Puerto Rico an amount equal to 9.60% of the average annual revenue from internal sources for each of the two fiscal years immediately preceding the current fiscal year.

In addition to the University of Puerto Rico, there are 40 public and private institutions of higher education located in Puerto Rico. Such institutions had an enrollment during academic year 2005-2006 of approximately 145,574 students and provide programs of study in liberal arts, education, business, natural sciences, technology, secretarial and computer sciences, nursing, medicine, and law. Degrees are offered by these institutions at the associate, bachelor, master, and doctoral levels.

Tax Incentives

One factor that has promoted and continues to promote the development of the manufacturing sector in Puerto Rico is the various local and federal tax incentives available, particularly those under Puerto Rico’s

 

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Industrial Incentives Program and, until recently, Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code. Tax and other incentives have also been established to promote the development of the tourism industry. These incentives are summarized below.

Industrial Incentives Program

Since 1948, Puerto Rico has had various industrial incentives laws designed to stimulate industrial investment in the island. Under these laws, which are designed to promote investment in Puerto Rico, companies engaged in manufacturing and certain other designated activities were eligible to receive full or partial exemption from income, property, and other local taxes. The most recent of these industrial incentives laws is the 1998 Tax Incentives Act.

The benefits provided by the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are available to new companies as well as companies currently conducting tax-exempt operations in Puerto Rico that choose to renegotiate their existing tax exemption grant, expand current operations or commence operating a new eligible business. The activities eligible for tax exemption include manufacturing, certain designated services performed for markets outside Puerto Rico (including the United States), the production of energy from local renewable sources for consumption in Puerto Rico and laboratories for research and development. Companies qualifying thereunder can benefit from income tax rates ranging from 2% to 7% for periods ranging from 10 to 25 years. In addition, the 1998 Tax Incentives Act grants 90% exemption from property taxes, 100% exemption from municipal license taxes during the first three semesters of operations and between 60% and 80% thereafter, and 100% exemption from excise taxes with respect to the acquisition of raw materials and certain machinery and equipment used in the exempt activities. The 1998 Tax Incentives Act also provides various special deductions designed to stimulate employment and productivity, research and development and capital investment in Puerto Rico.

Under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act, core pioneer industries that employ innovative technologies in their operations, including high technology industries with activities that produce a significant economic impact, can be eligible for income tax rates below 2%. Eligible manufacturing industries may also qualify for certain payroll and training deductions, building and construction expense deductions, a 25% credit for purchases of products manufactured in Puerto Rico, and a 35% credit for purchases of locally recycled products and products manufactured with locally recycled materials.

The 1998 Tax Incentives Act also provides investors who acquire an exempted business that is in the process of closing its operations in Puerto Rico a 50% credit in connection with the cash purchase of such corporation’s stocks or assets. Also, exempted businesses that produce high technology products may be eligible for a credit equal to the amount in excess of $100 million of the annual taxes retained on the payment of rights, rents, royalties and licenses related to the production of such goods. Finally, call centers servicing markets outside Puerto Rico are exempt from paying excise taxes on the purchase of equipment needed for the operation of such call centers.

Tourism Incentives Program

For many years, Puerto Rico has also had incentives laws designed to stimulate investment in hotel operations on the island. The most recent of these laws, the Tourism Incentives Act of 1993 (the “Tourism Incentives Act”), provides partial exemptions from income, property, and municipal license taxes for a period of up to ten years. The Tourism Incentives Act also provides certain tax credits for qualifying investments in tourism activities, including hotel and condo-hotel development projects. Recently enacted legislation provides further tourism incentives by granting certain tax exemptions on interest income received from permanent or interim financing of tourism development projects and fees derived from credit enhancements provided to the financing of such projects.

Incentives under the U.S. Code

United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico have been subject to special tax provisions since the Revenue Act of 1921. Prior to enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, under Section 931 of the U.S. Code,

 

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United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico (and meeting certain source of income tests) were taxed only on income arising from sources within the United States.

The Tax Reform Act of 1976 created Section 936 of the U.S. Code, which revised the tax treatment of United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico by taxing such corporations on their worldwide income in a manner similar to that applicable to any other United States corporation but providing such corporations a full credit for the federal tax on their business and qualified investment income in Puerto Rico. The credit provided an effective 100% federal tax exemption for operating and qualifying investment income from Puerto Rico sources.

As a result of amendments to Section 936 of the U.S. Code made in 1996 (the “1996 Amendments”), its income tax credit based on operating and certain investment income was phased out over a ten-year period for companies that were operating in Puerto Rico in 1995, and is no longer available.

Controlled Foreign Corporations

Because of the modification and phase out of the federal tax incentives under Section 936 of the U.S. Code, many corporations previously operating thereunder reorganized their operations in Puerto Rico to become controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”). A CFC is a corporation that is organized outside the United States and is controlled by United States shareholders. In general, a CFC may defer the payment of federal income taxes on its trade or business income until such income is repatriated to the United States in the form of dividends or through investments in certain United States properties. The Puerto Rico Office of Industrial Tax Exemption has received notification from numerous corporations that have converted part or all of their operations to CFCs. These include most of the major pharmaceutical, instrument and electronics manufacturing companies in Puerto Rico. Section 936 Corporations were exempted from Puerto Rico withholding taxes on any cost sharing payments they might have opted to make, but CFCs are subject to a fifteen percent Puerto Rico withholding tax on royalty payments.

Recently, the United States Congress approved legislation that would extend the benefit of Section 199 of the U.S. Code to production activities that take place in Puerto Rico. Section 199 provides a three-point reduction in the federal income tax rate, phased in over five years (from 35% to 31.85% after 2009). This extension applies to the U.S. branch activities located on the island and are not controlled foreign corporations.

DEBT

Public Sector Debt

Public sector debt comprises bonds and notes of the Commonwealth, its municipalities, and public corporations (“notes” as used in this section refers to certain types of non-bonded debt regardless of maturity), subject to the exclusions described below.

Section 2 of Article VI of the Constitution of the Commonwealth provides that direct obligations of the Commonwealth evidenced by full faith and credit bonds or notes shall not be issued if the amount of the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes and on all such bonds and notes theretofore issued which is payable in any fiscal year, together with any amount paid by the Commonwealth in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year of such proposed issuance on account of bonds or notes guaranteed by the Commonwealth, exceeds 15% of the average annual revenues raised under the provisions of Commonwealth legislation and deposited into the Treasury (hereinafter “internal revenues”) in the two fiscal years preceding the fiscal year of such proposed issuance. Section 2 of Article VI does not limit the amount of debt that the Commonwealth may guarantee so long as the 15% limitation is not exceeded through payments by the Commonwealth on such guaranteed debt. Internal revenues consist principally of income taxes, property taxes and excise taxes. Certain revenues, such as federal excise taxes on offshore shipments of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products and customs duties, which are collected by the United States Government and returned to the Treasury, and motor vehicle fuel taxes and license fees, which are

 

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allocated to the Highway and Transportation Authority, are not included as internal revenues for the purpose of calculating the debt limit, although they may be available for the payment of debt service. In addition, the portion of the Sales Tax allocated to the Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation is also not included as internal revenues consistent with the legislation creating the Sales Tax Financing Corporation, which legislation provides that such portion is not “available resources” under the Constitutional provisions relating to the Bonds.

All or a portion of the proceeds of certain refunding bonds issued by the Commonwealth were invested in guaranteed investment contracts or federal agency securities (in each case rated in the highest category by Moody’s and S&P, none of which is eligible to be used for a legal defeasance under Puerto Rico law (“non-eligible investments”)). Since bonds refunded with proceeds of non-eligible investments are not legally defeased, such bonds are treated as outstanding for purposes of the 15% debt limitation.

Future maximum annual debt service for the Commonwealth’s outstanding general obligation debt is $768,843,250 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020 (based on the assumption that the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 A, which are variable rate bonds, bear interest at their actual rate per annum through July 1, 2012 and thereafter at 12% per annum, and the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 B and a portion of the Public Improvement Bonds of 2006, Series A, each of which are also variable rate bonds, bear interest at 12% per annum). This amount ($768,843,250) is equal to 9.21% of $8,346,104,000, which is the average of the adjusted internal revenues for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2006. If bonds refunded with non-eligible investments described in the preceding paragraph were treated as not being outstanding, and the interest on the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 B and the above portion of the Public Improvement Bonds of 2006, Series A, was calculated using the effective fixed interest rate payable by the Commonwealth under the interest rate exchange agreements entered into in respect thereof, the percentage referred to in the preceding sentence would be 8.19% and future maximum annual debt service for the Commonwealth’s outstanding general obligation debt would be $680,742,340 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. Annual debt service payments on the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (“PRASA”) guaranteed bonds have been paid by PRASA since fiscal year 2006 and, thus, such payments are not now included in the calculation of the 15% debt limitation. In the event PRASA is unable to make any portion of the future debt service payments on its guaranteed bonds, the Commonwealth would be required to make such payments under its guarantee from the General Fund, and such debt service would be included in the calculation of the 15% debt limitation.

The Commonwealth’s policy has been and continues to be to maintain the amount of such debt prudently below the constitutional limitation. Debt of municipalities, other than bond anticipation notes, is supported by real and personal property taxes and municipal license taxes. Debt of public corporations, other than bond anticipation notes, is generally supported by the revenues of such corporations from rates charged for services or products. However, certain debt of public corporations is supported, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by Commonwealth appropriations or taxes.

Direct debt of the Commonwealth is issued pursuant to specific legislation approved in each particular case. Debt of the municipalities is issued pursuant to ordinances adopted by the respective municipal assemblies. Debt of public corporations is issued in accordance with their enabling statutes. GDB, as fiscal agent of the Commonwealth and its municipalities and public corporations, must approve the specific terms of each issuance.

Ratings of Commonwealth General Obligation Bonds

On May 22, 2007, Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) confirmed its “Baa3” and Ba1” rating on the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt and its appropriation debt, respectively, and its negative ratings outlook thereon.

On May 22, 2007, Standard & Poor’s Rating Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”), lowered its rating on the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt to “BBB-”, changed its negative ratings outlook thereon to stable, and confirmed its “BBB-” rating on the Commonwealth’s appropriation debt.

 

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Commonwealth Guaranteed Debt

As of May 31, 2007, $2.83 billion of Commonwealth guaranteed bonds of the Public Buildings Authority were outstanding. Maximum annual debt service on these bonds is $219.5 million in fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, with their final maturity being July 1, 2036. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for bonds of the Public Buildings Authority.

As of May 31, 2007, $267 million of Commonwealth guaranteed bonds of GDB were outstanding. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for these bonds.

As of May 31, 2007, GDB held approximately $86.3 million of the Port of the Americas Authority’s outstanding bonds, which are guaranteed by the Commonwealth. The PAA is authorized to issue and GDB is authorized to purchase bonds issued by the Authority which are guaranteed by the Commonwealth in a maximum aggregate principal amount of $250 million. The proceeds from these bonds will be used to continue the development of the Port of the Americas. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for the Port of the Americas bonds.

As of May 31, 2007, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of obligations of PRASA guaranteed by the Commonwealth was $713.8 million. This amount consisted of $277.8 million in revenue bonds sold to the public, $209.1 million in bonds issued to the United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and $226.8 million of loans by the State Revolving (Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Act) Funds for the benefit of PRASA. From January 1997 through fiscal year 2005, the Commonwealth made debt service payments under its guaranty. Beginning with the debt service payment due January 1, 2006, the Commonwealth stopped making guarantee payments on these obligations. As of July 2007, PRASA had resumed making payment on this debt. In the event PRASA is unable to make any portion of the future debt service payments on its guaranteed obligations, the Commonwealth would be required once more to make such payments from the General Fund under its guarantee.

The long-term public sector debt was $39.4 million as of May 31, 2007, and the short-term public sector debt was $4.1 million as of that date. As of May 31, 2007, outstanding short-term debt, relative to total debt, was 9.5%.

REVENUES AND EXPENSES

Revenues

Fiscal Year 2007

Preliminary collections for the fiscal year ended on June 30, 2007 totaled $8.890 billion, $7 million more than the Treasury Department’s revised estimate for that period. This amount includes (i) $933 million in non-resident withholding, (ii) $1.123 billion in excise taxes, (iii) $583 million of sales tax revenues, and (iv) $269 million from special temporary tax measures.

As of July 2007, General Fund expenses for fiscal year 2007 were projected to be $9.221 billion, which is $267 million below the amount initially budgeted and takes into consideration $160 million in a portion of savings from the 10% budget reserve and $107 million in health-related expenditure reductions. The $9.221 billion amount does not include $522 million of debt service payments on a portion of the Commonwealth’s outstanding appropriation debt, which debt service was excluded from the budget based on the provisions of Act No. 91 of May 13, 2006, which created the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund to service in part the repayment of such appropriation debt.

As of July 2007, the difference between projected revenues and expenses for fiscal year 2007 was expected to be covered, with legislative approval, by a $240 million transfer of funds from GDB that was originally set aside

 

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from General Fund appropriations to cover a portion of debt service payments on the Commonwealth’s appropriation debt which set aside is no longer believed to be needed on account of the passage of Act No. 91 referred to above. The remaining shortfall (about $100 million) was expected to be covered by cash management procedures such as delaying payments to certain vendors for a short period of time (carrying over into fiscal year 2008).

Fiscal Year 2006

General Fund total revenues for fiscal year 2006 were $8.541 billion (approximately $235 million, or 2.8%, more than received in fiscal year 2005). This increase was attributable to increases in income taxes ($504 million, including $309 million in taxes withheld from non-residents), together with decreases in external revenues ($12 million), excise taxes ($147 million), and miscellaneous non-tax revenues ($113 million). The increase in revenues from individual income taxes is mainly attributable to administrative measures and economic activity. The increase in the withholding tax on non-residents includes two extraordinary payments amounting to $200 million.

Total cash expenditures for fiscal year 2006 were $9.596 billion (excluding about $500 million in expenditures that occurred “off budget” for items such as refinanced debt service on general obligation debt and payment of vendor debts from prior years for Public Buildings Authority and subsidy and operational expenses of Agricultural Services and Development Administration) which exceeded original budgeted expenditures by $651 million, attributed mainly to increases in the area of education ($321 million), public safety and protection ($99 million), health ($207 million), and special contributions to pensions ($42 million), and reductions in the area of general government ($4 million), welfare ($3 million), contributions to municipalities ($1 million), and other debt service ($10 million).

The approximately $1.6 billion shortfall was covered by the release of $64 million in reserve funds held at GDB, borrowings from GDB and other sources of about $1.4 billion and about $150 million of “cash management” practices which had the effect of delaying payment of certain expenses until the start of fiscal year 2007. Also, during a two-week period in early May 2006, the Commonwealth was forced to furlough non-essential government workers because it was projected to run out of cash until the above borrowings were implemented in the aftermath of the passage of fiscal and tax reform legislation described below in order to allow the workers to return to work.

Fiscal Year 2005

General Fund total net revenues for fiscal year 2005 were $8.306 billion, representing an increase of $320 million or 4%, from fiscal year 2004 net revenues. This amount excludes proceeds of a loan of $550 million obtained from GDB, which is included as part of “Proceeds of notes and other borrowings.” The major changes in revenues from fiscal year 2004 were: (i) increases in total income taxes of $188 million, mainly resulting from increases in income taxes collected from individuals of $165 million and in income taxes collected from corporations of $40 million; (ii) increases in total excise taxes of $99 million; and (iii) net increases in other revenues of $32 million, mainly as a result of an increase in miscellaneous non-tax revenues of $51 million.

Total cash expenditures for fiscal year 2005 were $9.220 billion (excluding $98.6 million covered with funds from the Budgetary Fund), which exceeded budgeted expenditures by $366 million, attributed mainly to increases in the area of education ($300.5 million), public safety and protection ($18.6 million), health ($28.7 million), welfare ($10.2 million), and economic development ($8 million). This amount also excludes approximately $98.6 million of additional expenditures that were not originally budgeted. Various financing transactions were entered into to cover this imbalance.

Tax Reform

Act No. 117 of July 4, 2006 (“Act 117”) amended the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code of 1994 (the “PR Code”) to provide, among other things, for a general sale and use tax of 5.5% to be imposed by the central

 

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government (the “Central Government Sales Tax”). Act 117 also authorized each municipal government to impose a municipal sale and use tax of 1.5% (the “Municipal Sales Tax” and, together with the Central Government Sales Tax, the “Sales Tax”). In general, the Municipal Sales Tax has the same tax base, exemptions (except for unprocessed foods) and limitations as those provided for in the Central Government Sales Tax. Act 117 also provides certain income tax reductions to address the regressive effect of the Sales Tax on taxpayers in lower income tax brackets.

The Sales Tax is imposed on the sale, use, consumption and storage of taxable items, which include tangible personal property, taxable services, admission rights and certain other types of transactions covering separable and identifiable taxable items which are sold for a single price, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. The Sales Tax will not be imposed on, among other things: (i) taxable items acquired by merchants for resale, (ii) taxable items acquired by manufacturing plants, (iii) taxable items acquired for use and consumption outside of Puerto Rico, (iv) certain food products that do not need to be heated before their sale, (v) prescription drugs, (vi) the rental payments received by a lessor of real property which is used for residential or commercial purposes, (vii) services provided by designated professionals, (viii) cash, cash equivalents, stocks, bonds, notes, mortgage loans, insurance, securities and interest derived for the use or forbearance of money, (ix) sales of real property, and (x) leases in which the Industrial Development Company is the owner of the property.

Act 117 also repealed the 5% general excise tax imposed on imported goods and the 3.6% general excise tax imposed on goods manufactured in Puerto Rico. Other items, such as fuel, crude oil and petroleum products, and vehicles, however, will remain subject to the excise tax previously applicable to such items, and are not subject to the Sales Tax.

The Sales Tax became effective on November 15, 2006 and the effective date of the repeal of the 5% general excise tax was October 16, 2006. Municipalities were authorized to implement the Municipal Sales Tax starting on July 1, 2006, and most have done so. The revenues derived from the Sales Tax will be distributed as follows: (i) municipal governments will retain 13/15 of the Municipal Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 1.3% out of the total 7% Sales Tax), (ii) the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund, created by Act No. 91 of May 13, 2006, as amended, will receive one-seventh of the Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 1% out of the total 7% Sales Tax), and (iii) the General Fund will receive the balance of the Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 4.7% out of the total 7% Sales Tax). The Secretary of the Treasury projects for fiscal year 2008 that each percentage point of the Sales Tax will generate annually approximately $202 million of gross revenues and that the Sales Tax will generate total annual gross revenues for the General Fund of approximately $911 million. For fiscal year 2007, the corresponding projections were $191 million and $576 million. The increase in revenues to be generated by the Sales Tax were expected to be partly offset by the elimination of the 5% general excise tax and the effect of the income tax reduction measures included in Act 117.

Act 117 also provided for special income tax rates with respect to certain transactions occurring on and between July 1, 2006 and December 31, 2006 (the “Transition Period”). Eligible dividends declared by domestic corporations or partnerships during the Transition Period will qualify for a 5% special income tax. The dividend does not need to be distributed to qualify for the 5% special income tax rate. During the Transition Period, Act 117 also provides a special tax rate of 5% (10% in the case of resident corporations and partnerships) in connection with “built-in” gains associated to capital assets held for periods in excess of six months (the “Special Capital Gains Tax”). In order to take advantage of the Special Capital Gains Tax, a taxpayer must file an election with the Secretary of the Treasury. The sale of the capital asset is not required to qualify for the Special Capital Gains Tax. In addition to the other conditions mentioned herein, the Special Capital Gains Tax is only available in connection with capital assets consisting of stock or participations of domestic and foreign corporations and partnerships, and real property located in Puerto Rico. However, in the case of resident corporations and partnerships, the Special Capital Gains Tax applies only to real property located in Puerto Rico.

 

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Major Sources of General Fund Revenues

Income Taxes

The Commonwealth’s income tax law, the Internal Revenue Code of 1994, as amended (the “P.R. Code”), imposes a tax on the income of individual residents of Puerto Rico, trusts, estates, and domestic and foreign (if engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico) corporations and partnerships at graduated rates. A flat tax is imposed on certain payments made to non-residents of Puerto Rico, which is collected through an income tax withholding.

Individuals. Resident individuals are subject to tax on their taxable income from all sources. The P.R. Code has five tax brackets for individuals with tax rates of 7%, 10%, 15%, 28%, and 33%. Dividend income from Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations is taxed at a rate of 10%.

Gain realized from the sale or exchange of a capital asset by resident individuals, if held for more than six months, is taxed at a rate of 12.5%.

Interest income in excess of $2,000 on deposit with Puerto Rico financial institutions is taxed at a rate of 17%; the first $2,000 of interest income from such institutions is exempt from taxation. Interest income on certain qualifying debt obligations issued by Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations and paid to resident individuals, trusts, estates, corporations and partnerships qualifies for a special 10% tax rate.

Corporations and Partnerships. Puerto Rico corporations and partnerships are subject to tax on income from all sources; foreign corporations and partnerships that are engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico are subject to tax on their income from Puerto Rico sources and on income from sources outside Puerto Rico that is effectively connected with the conduct of their trade or business in Puerto Rico. Unless a corporation or partnership qualifies for partial exemption from corporate income and other taxes under the industrial incentives program, it is subject to tax at graduated rates.

In general, the P.R. Code provides for six income tax brackets for corporations and partnerships, with the highest rate (39%) applicable to net taxable income in excess of $300,000. Also, Act No. 41 of August 1, 2005 was enacted to impose a temporary additional tax of 2.5% on corporations and partnerships with a net taxable income of $20,000 or more. In addition, Act No. 98 of May 16, 2006 provides for an extraordinary tax of 5% on resident corporations and partnerships engaged in business for pecuniary profit and whose gross income for the immediately preceding taxable year ended on or prior to December 31, 2005 exceeds $10 million. The 5% tax must be paid on or prior to July 31, 2006 and such amount may be subsequently claimed as a tax credit against such entity’s income tax liability. Act No. 89 of May 13, 2006 also imposes an additional special tax for the taxable year commencing in 2006 of 2% on the net income subject to standard taxation of all corporations operating under the provisions of the Puerto Rico Banking Law.

Gains realized from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, if held for more than six months, are taxed at a maximum rate of 20%. Dividends received by Puerto Rico corporations and partnerships of foreign corporations and partnerships engaged in trade or business in Puerto Rico are subject to general income tax rates. A dividends received credit may be available when the corporation or partnership making the distribution is organized in Puerto Rico. A special tax rate of 17% is applicable to dividend distributions of REITs received by corporations. Interest income on certain qualifying debt obligations issued by Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations and paid to resident corporations and partnerships qualifies for a special tax rate of 10%.

In general, corporations and partnerships operating under a new grant of tax exemption issued under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are subject to a maximum income tax rate of 7% during their basic exemption period. Certain corporations and partnerships covered by the tax incentives acts continue to be subject to a maximum tax rate of 45% on their taxable income. Corporations and partnerships covered by the Puerto Rico Tourism Incentives Act of 1993, as amended, are subject to a maximum tax rate of 42% on their taxable income. The P.R. Code also provides for an alternative minimum tax of 22%.

 

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The P.R. Code imposes a branch profits tax on resident foreign corporations less than 80% of whose gross income qualifies as income effectively connected with a Puerto Rico trade or business. The branch profits tax is 10% of an annual dividend equivalent amount, and it applies without regard to the Puerto Rico source of income rules.

Interest from Puerto Rico sources paid to non-resident non-affiliated corporate recipients is not subject to any income or withholding tax. Interest paid to certain related non-resident recipients is subject to a withholding tax of 29%. Dividends paid to non-resident corporate recipients are subject to a withholding tax of 15%. Dividends distributed by corporations (including Section 936 Corporations) operating under new grants of tax exemption issued under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are not subject to Puerto Rico income tax. However, royalty payments made by such corporations to non-resident recipients are subject to a 15% withholding tax. The basic tax on dividends paid to foreign corporate shareholders of Section 936 Corporations operating under grants of tax exemption issued under prior incentives laws is 10% but is subject to reduction if a percentage of the profits are invested in certain eligible instruments for specified periods of time.

Subject to certain exceptions, payments in excess of $1,500 during a calendar year made by the Commonwealth and persons engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico in consideration of the receipt of services rendered in Puerto Rico are subject to a 7% withholding tax.

Sales and Use Taxes

The Sales Tax is imposed on the sale, use, consumption and storage of taxable items, which include tangible personal property, taxable services, admission rights and combined transactions, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. The Sales Tax will not be imposed on, among other things: (i) taxable items acquired by merchants for resale, (ii) taxable items acquired by manufacturing plants, (iii) taxable items acquired for use and consumption outside of Puerto Rico, (iv) certain food products that do not need to be heated before their sale, (v) prescription drugs, (vi) the rental payments received by a lessor of real property which is used for residential or commercial purposes, (vii) services provided by designated professionals, (viii) cash, cash equivalents, stocks, bonds, notes, mortgage loans, insurance, securities and interest derived for the use or forbearance of money, (ix) sales of real property, and (x) leases in which the Industrial Development Company is the owner of the property. The Sales Tax was effective starting on November 15, 2006 and was projected to generate for the General Fund approximately $911 million for fiscal year 2008 and approximately $576 million for fiscal year 2007.

Excise Taxes

The P.R. Code imposes an excise tax on certain articles and commodities, such as cigarettes, alcohol, sugar, cement, motor vehicles and certain petroleum products, which are taxed at different rates. The excise tax imposed on articles and commodities imported into Puerto Rico for consumption in Puerto Rico ended on October 16, 2006 and has been replaced by the previously described sales and use tax on November 15, 2006.

Other Taxes and Revenues

Motor vehicle license plate and registration fees comprise the major portion of license tax receipts. Recent legislation was enacted to increase license fees on luxury vehicles.

Non-tax revenues consist principally of lottery proceeds, documentary stamps, permits, fees and forfeits, proceeds of land sales and receipts from public corporations in lieu of taxes.

Revenues from non-Commonwealth sources include customs duties collected in Puerto Rico and excise taxes on shipments of rum from the island to the United States mainland. The customs duties and excise taxes on shipments are imposed and collected by the United States and returned to the Commonwealth. The excise tax on shipments of rum from Puerto Rico and other rum producing countries is $13.50 per gallon. Of this amount, the lesser of $13.25 per proof gallon and the actual excise tax imposed was returned to the Treasury through December 31, 2007.

 

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Expenses

Insurance Matters

Government-owned property is insured through policies obtained by the Secretary of the Treasury and through self-insurance, except for property owned by the Electric Power Authority and PRASA, whose properties are insured through arrangements and policies obtained by the respective Authorities. Personal injury awards against the Commonwealth are limited by law to $150,000 per occurrence.

Retirement Systems

The central government is responsible for approximately 62% of total employer contributions to the Employees Retirement System, and the other 38% is the responsibility of public corporations and municipalities. The central government is also responsible for 100% and 99% of total employer contributions to the Judiciary and Teachers Retirement Systems, respectively. Retirement and related benefits provided by the systems and required contributions to the systems by employers and employees are determined by law rather than by actuarial requirements. For the Employees Retirement System, required employer contributions are 9.275% of applicable payroll. Required employee contributions for the Employees Retirement System vary according to salary and how the individual employee’s retirement benefits are coordinated with social security benefits. For the Judiciary Retirement System, required contributions are 20% of applicable payroll for the employer and 8% for the employees. For the Teachers Retirement System, required contributions are 8.5% of applicable payroll for the employer and 9.0% for the employees.

According to the most recent actuarial valuation of the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System submitted by a firm of independent consulting actuaries, as of June 30, 2005, the total pension benefit obligations for the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System were $12.284 billion and $179 million, respectively. The unfunded pension benefit obligations of the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System for the same period were $9.956 billion and $104 million, respectively, representing funding ratios of 19% and 40%, respectively. Any amounts receivable from the Commonwealth with respect to benefits under special benefits laws (discussed below) are considered in the actuarial evaluation process to determine the unfunded pension benefit obligation of the Employees Retirement System to the extent receivables are recognized as such by the Employees Retirement System. The June 30, 2005 actuarial valuation was completed in accordance with the “Projected Unit Credit” method and assumed an investment return of 8.5% per year and a salary increase of 5% per year. Insofar as the statutorily mandated annual deposit to the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System is insufficient to cover the actuarial pension benefit obligation, the unfunded pension benefit obligation of the System will continue to increase in the short term, and additional funding from the Commonwealth may ultimately be necessary to cover such unfunded obligation.

According to the most recent actuarial valuation of the Teachers Retirement System submitted by a firm of independent consulting actuaries, as of June 30, 2004 the accrued actuarial liability of the system was $4.7 billion and the value of its assets amounted to $2.4 billion, representing a funding ratio of 51%, and the resulting unfunded accrued liability was $2.3 billion. This funding ratio takes into account the recent turn-around in the equities market and the restructuring of the portfolio’s asset composition. The actuarial valuation assumed an investment return of 8%, yearly salary increases of 5%, employee and employer contributions of 9% and 8.5%, respectively, an inflation rate of 3.5%, and a remaining amortization period of 16 years for the unfunded accrued liability. The actuarial accrued liability does not include benefits paid under special benefits laws (described below) and will not include the obligation with respect to the prospective payments under special benefits laws because these are not obligations of the Teachers Retirement System, and the funding for such benefits will originate from the Commonwealth’s General Fund. Insofar as the statutorily mandated annual deposit to the Teachers Retirement System is insufficient to cover the actuarial pension liability, the unfunded pension benefit obligation will continue to increase, and additional funding from the Commonwealth may ultimately be necessary to cover such unfunded liability.

 

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Various special benefits laws enacted in previous years provided for additional benefits for the Employees Retirement System, Teachers Retirement System, and Judiciary Retirement System. Specifically, in the case of the Employees Retirement System, Act No. 10 of May 21, 1992 provided for special benefit increases of 3% every three years. The first 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of that date. The second 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of January 1, 1995. This increase is being financed by additional contributions from the employers. The third 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of January 1, 1998. This third increase is being partially funded with additional contributions from some of the employers. In June 2001, the Legislative Assembly approved a fourth 3% increase, effective as of January 1, 2001, in post-retirement annuity payments granted on or prior to January 1, 1998. This increase is to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. In June 2003, the Legislative Assembly approved a fifth increase of 3% in post retirement benefits effective January 1, 2004. This increase is also to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. In June 2007, the Legislative Assembly approved a sixth increase of 3% in post retirement benefits effective January 1, 2007. This increase is also to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. Subsequent increases will depend upon the express approval of the Board of Trustees of the Employees Retirement System and the Legislative Assembly, and must provide a funding source. In the case of the Judiciary Retirement System, Act No. 41 of June 13, 2001 provided a 3% special benefit increase in annuity payments, commencing on January 1, 2002 and every three years thereafter, to retirees who have been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of that date. This increase is to be funded by the General Fund.

The Teachers Retirement System is seeking reimbursement from the Commonwealth’s Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) in the amount of $119 million for special benefits paid by the System to its beneficiaries through June 30, 2004 pursuant to special benefit laws enacted by the Legislative Assembly. The Teachers Retirement System’s interpretation of these special benefit laws, to the effect that the Commonwealth is required to reimburse the Teachers Retirement System for such special benefits paid, is being disputed by OMB. This dispute is currently under inter-agency arbitration proceedings. The Employees Retirement System is also seeking reimbursement from the Commonwealth (in connection with other special benefits laws applicable to its beneficiaries) in the amount of $73.8 million, representing cumulative benefits paid to beneficiaries through June 30, 2005. The Employees Retirement System projects an additional shortfall of $39.4 million for fiscal year 2006 in connection with special benefits laws payments. OMB believes that the basis of the claims from the Employees Retirement System is valid but that the amounts claimed remain to be verified and reconciled.

The Employees Retirement System’s disbursements of benefits during fiscal years 2003 through 2006 exceeded contributions and investment income for those years. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2003 was covered with a portion of the proceeds from the sale to Verizon of the 15% stock ownership in the Puerto Rico Telephone Company (“PRTC”) and a loan received from the Department of the Treasury. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2004 was covered with a loan received from the Department of the Treasury. Balances owed to the Department of the Treasury and other pending working capital needs through fiscal year 2005 were refinanced through a repurchase agreement with a financial institution in an amount of $138 million collateralized with the assets of the Employees Retirement System. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2006 was approximately $70 million. This shortfall was covered with a line of credit provided by a private financial institution and collateralized with the assets of the Employees Retirement System. There was no cash shortfall for fiscal year 2007 on account of the receipt of the proceeds from the sale of the PRTC stock. Also with these proceeds the Employees Retirement System paid off the balances of the 2005 repurchase agreement and the 2006 line of credit used to cover the respective year’s cash shortfalls.

The Employees Retirement System anticipates that its future cash flow needs for disbursement of benefits to participants are likely to exceed the sum of the employer and employee contributions received and its investment

 

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and other recurring income. The Employees Retirement System is also evaluating other measures to improve its cash flows and funding ratio. Some of these measures include, but are not limited to, the establishment of a maximum salary to calculate pension benefits, aggressive collection efforts with respect to employer contributions owed by the Commonwealth, the municipalities and public corporations, and the transfer to the Employees Retirement System of any amounts remaining in the Children’s Trust after payment of all the outstanding bonds.

In addition, the Employees Retirement System is currently undertaking a financing that would significantly increase the System’s funding ratio and reduce its unfunded pension benefit obligation. The financing involves the issuance by the Employees Retirement System of debt secured by a pledge of future employer contributions over the next 50 years. All net cash generated by this financing would be deposited into the Employees Retirement System trust to be invested along with its other assets. The Employees Retirement System estimates that the financing will be undertaken during fiscal year 2008 and subsequent years.

Property Taxes

Personal property, which accounts for approximately 48% of total collections of taxable property, is self-assessed. Real property taxes are assessed based on 1958 property values. No real property reassessment has been made since 1958, and construction taking place after that year has been assessed on the basis of what the value of the property would have been in 1958. Accordingly, the overall assessed valuation of real property for taxation purposes is substantially lower than the actual market value. Also, an exemption on the first $15,000 of assessed valuation in owner-occupied residences is available.

Property taxes are assessed, determined and collected for the benefit of the municipalities by the Municipal Revenues Collection Center (“CRIM”), a government instrumentality of the Commonwealth. However, a special 1.03% tax on the assessed value of all property (other than exempted property) imposed by the Commonwealth for purposes of paying the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt is deposited in the Commonwealth’s Redemption Fund.

BUDGET OF THE COMMONWEALTH

Budgetary Process

The fiscal year of the Commonwealth begins each July 1. The Governor is constitutionally required to submit to the Legislative Assembly an annual balanced budget of revenues, capital improvements, and operating expenses of the central government for the ensuing fiscal year. The annual budget is prepared by the Commonwealth’s Office of Management and Budget, in coordination with the Planning Board, the Treasury, and other government offices and agencies. Section 7 of Article VI of the Constitution provides that “The appropriations made for any fiscal year shall not exceed the total revenues, including available surplus, estimated for said fiscal year unless the imposition of taxes sufficient to cover said appropriations is provided by law.”

The annual budget, which is developed utilizing elements of program budgeting, includes an estimate of revenues and other resources for the ensuing fiscal year under (i) laws existing at the time the budget is submitted, and (ii) legislative measures proposed by the Governor and submitted with the proposed budget, as well as the Governor’s recommendations as to appropriations that in his judgment are necessary, convenient, and in conformity with the four-year investment plan prepared by the Planning Board.

The Legislative Assembly may amend the budget submitted by the Governor but may not increase any items so as to cause a deficit without imposing taxes to cover such deficit. Upon passage by the Legislative Assembly, the budget is referred to the Governor, who may decrease or eliminate any item but may not increase or insert any new item in the budget. The Governor may also veto the budget in its entirety and return it to the Legislative

 

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Assembly with the Governor’s objections. The Legislative Assembly, by a two-thirds majority in each house, may override the Governor’s veto. If a budget is not adopted prior to the succeeding fiscal year, as was the case for fiscal year 2006, the annual budget for the preceding fiscal year as originally approved by the Legislative Assembly and the Governor is automatically renewed for the ensuing fiscal year until a new budget is approved by the Legislative Assembly and the Governor. This permits the Commonwealth to continue making payments of its operating and other expenses until a new budget is approved.

Fiscal Reform

On May 25, 2006, the Governor signed Act No. 103 providing for a fiscal reform of the Commonwealth government (the “Fiscal Reform Legislation”). The Fiscal Reform Legislation applies to every instrumentality and entity of the Executive Branch funded, in whole or in part, from the General Fund and sets forth, as the public policy of the Commonwealth, the reduction of government spending, the elimination or consolidation of redundant agencies, the reduction of government payroll without causing the layoff of regular employees or increasing the actuarial liability of the retirement systems, the limitation of unnecessary, extravagant or excessive spending, and the limitation of public relations and other similar expenses. Despite his approval of the Fiscal Reform Legislation, the Governor has stated that certain of its provisions may be unconstitutional because they infringe on Executive Branch prerogatives. As such, the Governor has informed the Legislative Assembly that certain provisions of the Fiscal Reform Legislation will be implemented at the Executive Branch’s discretion and through the use of the Executive Branch’s prerogatives. There is no assurance that the Fiscal Reform Legislation will result in the intended reduction of expenditures or that it will be implemented as enacted or that it will not be judicially challenged.

Appropriations

For fiscal year 2006, approximately 53% of the General Fund was committed for payment of the central government payroll. In addition, approximately 25% of the General Fund was committed to the payment of fixed charges such as municipal subsidies, grants to the University of Puerto Rico, funding for the judicial branch, deposits to the Budgetary and Emergency Funds, among others, and debt service on the direct debt of the Commonwealth. For fiscal year 2007, it was proposed that approximately 56% and 6% of the General Fund be committed for payment of the central government payroll and debt service on the direct debt of the Commonwealth, respectively. Commencing with fiscal year 2004, the Commonwealth appropriates annually to the judicial branch an amount initially equal to 3.3% of the average annual revenue from internal sources for each of the two preceding fiscal years. This percentage will increase until it reaches 4% in fiscal year 2008, and may be further increased upon review, with scheduled reviews every five years.

Budget for Fiscal Year 2007

The consolidated budget for fiscal year 2007 totaled $26.5 billion. Of this amount, $14.3 billion was assigned to the central government. This included General Fund total resources and appropriations of $9.488 billion, which represents a decrease of $108 million over actual expenditures for fiscal year 2006.

Projected expenses and capital improvements of all budgetary funds totaled $14.3 billion, a decrease of approximately $1.3 billion from fiscal year 2006. The major changes in General Fund expenditures by program in fiscal year 2007 were mainly due to increases in welfare (up $57.7 million), Transportation and Communication (up $11.6 million), economic development (up $24.8 million), public safety and protection (up $36.1 million), debt service on Commonwealth’s general obligation and guaranteed debt (up $400.7 million), and decreases in housing (down $70.4 million), health (down $216.9 million), education (down $126 million), and other debt service, consisting principally of Commonwealth appropriation debt (down $488.4 million). The budget for fiscal year 2007 excluded approximately $522 million of debt service payments. Of this amount, GDB advanced and, on July 15, 2006, deposited with the trustee $303 million corresponding to debt service of the Public Finance Corporation. Additional debt service requirements for fiscal year 2007 were expected to be

 

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covered with amounts that were to be deposited in the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund. Amounts not covered by the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund, if any, would have to be covered by additional legislative appropriations from the Commonwealth’s General Fund.

The Commonwealth authorized the issuance of $500 million of general obligation bonds for fiscal year 2007.

Budget for Fiscal Year 2008

The consolidated budget for fiscal year 2008 totals $26.7 billion. Of this amount, $14.1 billion is assigned to the central government. This includes General Fund total resources and appropriations of $9.227 billion, which represents a decrease of $261 million over approved expenditures for fiscal year 2007.

Projected expenses and capital improvements of all budgetary funds total $14.1 billion, a decrease of approximately $0.2 billion from fiscal year 2007. The major changes in General Fund expenditures by program in fiscal year 2008 are mainly due to increases in special pension contribution (up $24.1 million), public safety and protection (up $22.7 million), transportation and communication (up $1.5 million), and other debt service (up $5.9 million), and decreases in welfare (down $122.3 million), debt service on Commonwealth’s general obligation and guaranteed debt (down $61.5 million), education (down $42.5 million), health (down $33.4 million), contributions to municipalities (down $26.3 million), economic development (down $24.9 million), and general government (down $3.8 million).

As of July 2007, the Governor had proposed the issuance of $425 million of general obligation bonds for fiscal year 2008, but such bonds had not yet been authorized.

LITIGATION

The Commonwealth is a defendant in numerous legal proceedings pertaining to matters incidental to the performance of routine governmental operations. Under Act No. 104 of June 25, 1955, as amended (“Act No. 104”), persons are authorized to sue the Commonwealth only for causes of actions specified in said Act. The Commonwealth may be liable under Act No. 104 for damages up to a maximum amount of $75,000 or $150,000 if the suit involves actions for damages to more than one person or where a single injured party is entitled to several causes of action. Under certain circumstances, as provided in Act No. 9 of November 26, 1975, as amended (“Act No. 9”), the Commonwealth may provide its officers and employees, including directors of public corporations and government instrumentalities and mayors of the municipalities of the Commonwealth, with legal representation, as well as assume the payment of any judgment that may be entered against them. There is no limitation on the amount of the judgment that may be paid under Act No. 9.

With respect to pending and threatened litigation, as of June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth has included in its financial statements reported liabilities of approximately $306 million for awarded and anticipated unfavorable judgments. While amounts claimed exceed $9 billion, such amount represents the amount estimated at the time as a probable liability or a liability with a fixed or expected due date, which would require future available financial resources for its payment. The Commonwealth believes that the ultimate liability in excess of amounts provided in the financial statements, if any, would not be significant.

The Commonwealth is a defendant in two lawsuits filed, one in Commonwealth court and one in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, by an association of primary care health centers seeking to recover from the Commonwealth $800 million of Medicaid funds retained by the Department of Health since 1997. In June 2004, the Superior Court of the Commonwealth in San Juan determined that the Commonwealth must return those funds. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, however, upheld a partial ruling allowing the Commonwealth to deduct from the payments due to the centers certain of the payments received by the centers from the federal government. As of July 2007, audits were being carried out on the plaintiff centers. As of

 

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June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth had accrued $55 million for this legal contingency. With respect to the federal case, a preliminary injunction was issued by the court against the Commonwealth requiring it to disburse approximately $20 million in six payments beginning in October 2005.

The Commonwealth is also a defendant in a class action presented by parents of special education students alleging deficient services to these students in the areas of education and health care before Commonwealth Courts. One court recently decided in favor of the parents’ request to include damage claims in the same class action case. This court may now award damages to the class action members, and in doing so may consider the claims in groups or each case individually. This will require that the parents prove the damages suffered. The Commonwealth has indicated that it plans to defend vigorously each case. As of June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth had accrued $440 million for this legal contingency.

This decision is appealable and thus, not final at this time. The Commonwealth does not anticipate any final determination or damages award, in any case, to be granted in this fiscal year.

The Commonwealth and various component units are defendants in other lawsuits alleging violations of civil rights, breach of contract, and other damage claims. As of July 2007, preliminary hearings and discovery proceedings were in progress. The amounts claimed exceed $7.8 billion; however, as of July 2007, the ultimate liability could not be determined. The Commonwealth has indicated that, in its opinion, the claims are excessive. As of July 2007, no provision for any liability that may result upon adjudication of these lawsuits had been recognized by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth has indicated that it believes that the ultimate liability, if any, would not be significant.

* * * * *

RATING AGENCIES’ ACTIONS

As of February 25, 2008, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s rated the Commonwealth’s general obligation, respectively, Baa3 and BBB-. Any explanation regarding the reasons for and the significance of such ratings must be obtained from the respective ratings agency furnishing the same. The ratings reflect only the respective opinions of such rating agencies. There is no assurance that the ratings will continue for any given period of time or will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely by either or both of such rating agencies. Any such downward revision or withdrawal of a rating could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the Commonwealth’s municipal obligation bonds.

 

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APPENDIX C

DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS

The ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group and Fitch Ratings represent their opinions as to the quality of various debt obligations. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. As described by the rating agencies, ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuances. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Long-Term Obligation Ratings:

Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.

Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A—Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa—Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1,” “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s U.S. Municipal and Tax Exempt Ratings:

Municipal Ratings are opinions of the investment quality of issuers and issues in the U.S. municipal and tax-exempt markets. As such, these ratings incorporate Moody's assessment of the default probability and loss severity of these issuers and issues. The default and loss content for Moody's municipal long-term rating scale differs from Moody's general long-term rating scale. (Please refer to Corporate Equivalent Ratings under Policies and Procedures.)

 

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Municipal Ratings are based upon the analysis of four primary factors relating to municipal finance: economy, debt, finances, and administration/management strategies. Each of the factors is evaluated individually and for its effect on the other factors in the context of the municipality's ability to repay its debt.

Municipal Long-Term Rating Definitions:

Aaa—Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Aa—Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

A—Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Baa—Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.

Ba—Issuers or issues rated Ba demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

B—Issuers or issues rated B demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.

Caa—Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Ca—Issuers or issues rated Ca demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

C—Issuers or issues rated C demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1,” “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt And Demand Obligation Ratings:

There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels— “MIG 1” through “MIG 3.” In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG,” or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.

MIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

MIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

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SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Demand Obligation Ratings:

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating. When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1. VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

VMIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Short-Term Prime Ratings:

Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

 

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Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings:

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: (1) likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; (2) nature of and provisions of the obligation; and (3) protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial obligations is very strong.

A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

BB, B, CCC, CC and C—Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

C—A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A “C” also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

 

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D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:

A-1—Short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2—Short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3—Short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of “B-1,” “B-2” and “B-3” may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the “B” category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B-1—A short-term obligation rated “B-1” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-2—A short-term obligation rated “B-2” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-3—A short-term obligation rated “B-3” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (–) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

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Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)

i: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The “i” subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The “i” subscript will always be used in conjunction with the “p” subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

L: Ratings qualified with “L” apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.

p: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The “p” subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The “p” subscript will always be used in conjunction with the “i” subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

pi: Ratings with a “pi” subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer’s published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer’s management and are therefore based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a “pi” subscript. Ratings with a “pi” subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year’s financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer’s credit quality.

pr: The letters “pr” indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

preliminary: Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances. Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor’s of appropriate documentation. Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor’s could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor’s reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor’s policies. The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.

t: This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks: Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

 

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Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Notes:

A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:

 

   

Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

   

Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Note rating symbols are as follows:

SP-1—Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2—Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3—Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Commercial Paper:

A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from “A” for the highest-quality obligations to “D” for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

A-1—This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

A-2—Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated “A-1.”

A-3—Issues carrying this designation have an adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.

B—Issues rated “B” are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.

C—This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment.

D—Debt rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when interest payments of principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's believes such payments will be made during such grace period.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Dual Ratings:

Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure.

The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term debt rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the commercial paper rating symbols for the put option (for example, “AAA/A-1+”). With short-term demand debt, Standard & Poor’s note rating symbols are used with the commercial paper rating symbols (for example, “SP-1+/A-1+”).

 

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Description of Fitch Ratings International Long-Term Credit Ratings:

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (“LTCR”) may also be referred to as “Long-Term Ratings.” When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations. The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings.

Investment Grade

AAA—Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA—Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A—High credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

BBB—Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.

Speculative Grade

BB—Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

B—Highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. For individual obligations, “B” ratings may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “R1” (outstanding).

CCC—For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of “R2” (superior) or “R3” (good) or “R4” (average).

CC—For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of “R4” (average) or “R5” (below average).

C—For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “R6” (poor).

 

C-8


RD—Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

D—Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following: (i) failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; (ii) the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or (iii) the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

Issuers will be rated “D” upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of “C” to “B” ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the “B” or “CCC-C” categories.

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

Description of Fitch Ratings International Short-Term Credit Ratings:

International Short-Term Credit Ratings may also be referred to as “Short-Term Ratings.” The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus places greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

F1—Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2—Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

F3—Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

B—Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C—High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

D—Default. Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

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Notes to Fitch Ratings International Long-Term and Short-Term Credit Ratings:

The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” Long-term rating category, to categories below “CCC,” or to Short-term ratings other than “F1.” (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned; it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

Fitch’s ratings on U.S. public finance debt securities measure credit quality relative of other U.S. public finance debt securities. Loss rates of most Fitch-related U.S. public finance debt securities have historically been significantly lower, and are expected to continue to be significantly lower, then other debt instruments rated comparably by Fitch.

Interest Only: Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

Principal Only: Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

Rate of Return: Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

“PIF”: The tranche has reached maturity and has been “paid-in-full,” regardless of whether it was amortized or called early. As the issue no longer exists, it is therefore no longer rated.

“NR”: Indicates that Fitch Ratings does not publicly rate the associated issuer or issue.

“Withdrawn”: Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

 

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APPENDIX D

Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “Firm”) Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Background

An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.

Policy

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset Management Company Limited) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

Procedure

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

At account start-up, or upon amendment of an IMA, the applicable client IMA are similarly reviewed. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Client Account Transition Team maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

 

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Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  a. Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  b. Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

 

  c. Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

  d. If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  e. Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  f. Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

  a. A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

  b. Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

  c. A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

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  d. Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

  e. A proxy log including:

 

  1. Issuer name;

 

  2. Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

  3. Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

  4. A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

  5. Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

  6. Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

  7. A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

  8. Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part II of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

  1. Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

  2. Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

  3. Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

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I. Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

1. Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

  a. Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

  b. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

  c. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

  d. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

2. Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

  a. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

  b. Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

  c. Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

  d. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

3. Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  a. Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

  b. Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

  c. Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

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4. Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

5. Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

  a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

  b. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

6. Other Business Matters

Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

  a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

  b. Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

II. Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

  1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

  2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

  3. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

III. Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

  1. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

  2. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

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IV. Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers—i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

  1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

  2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

  3. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

 

  4. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

 

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Filed under Rule 497(c)
File No. 2-96408

March 20, 2008

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

LEGG MASON PARTNERS INTERMEDIATE MATURITY CALIFORNIA MUNICIPALS FUND

LEGG MASON PARTNERS INTERMEDIATE MATURITY NEW YORK MUNICIPALS FUND

55 Water Street

New York, New York 10041

(800) 451-2010

This Statement of Additional Information (this “SAI”) is not a prospectus and is meant to be read in conjunction with the prospectuses of Legg Mason Partners Intermediate Maturity California Municipals Fund (the “California Fund”) and Legg Mason Partners Intermediate Maturity New York Municipals Fund (the “New York Fund” and, together with the California Fund, the “funds”) each dated March 20, 2008, as amended or supplemented from time to time, and each is incorporated by reference in its entirety into each of the prospectuses.

As part of a number of initiatives launched in 2006 to restructure and streamline the Legg Mason Partners fund complex, each of the funds assumed the assets and liabilities of a predecessor fund with the same name effective April 16, 2007. The funds are series of Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (the “Trust”), a Maryland business trust. Certain historical information contained in the SAI for periods prior to April 16, 2007 is that of the fund’s predecessor.

Additional information about each fund’s investments is available in the fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. These reports contain financial statements that are incorporated herein by reference. Each fund’s prospectus and copies of these reports may be obtained free of charge by contacting banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, investment advisers, financial consultants or advisers, mutual fund supermarkets and other financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the funds’ distributor to sell shares of the applicable fund (each called a “Service Agent”), or by writing or calling the Trust at the address or telephone number set forth above. Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”), a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”), serves as the sole and exclusive distributor for each fund.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Investment Objective and Management Policies

   2

Risk Factors

   18

Portfolio Transactions

   27

Portfolio Turnover

   28

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

   29

Investment Policies

   31

Management

   35

Investment Management and Other Services

   45

Portfolio Manager Disclosure

   53

Purchase of Shares

   58

Redemption of Shares

   62

Valuation of Shares

   64

Exchange Privilege

   64

Dividends and Distributions

   65

Taxes

   65

Additional Information

   71

Financial Statements

   76

Appendix A—Description of Ratings

   A-1

Appendix B—Additional Information Concerning California Municipal Obligations

   B-1

Appendix C—Additional Information Concerning New York Municipal Obligations

   C-1

Appendix D—Additional Information Concerning Puerto Rico Municipal Obligations

   D-1

Appendix E—Western Asset Management Company Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

   E-1

THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ONLY IF PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY AN EFFECTIVE PROSPECTUS.

 

1


INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES

Each fund’s prospectus discusses the investment objective of the fund and the principal policies employed to achieve those objectives. Each fund’s investment objective may be changed without shareholder approval. Supplemental information is set out below concerning the types of securities and other instruments in which the funds may invest, the investment policies and strategies that the funds may utilize and certain risks attendant to those investments, policies and strategies. Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) serves as investment manager to each fund. Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “subadviser”) serves as the subadviser to each fund.

Investment Objectives

The California Fund seeks to provide California investors with as high a level of current income exempt from federal income taxes and California state personal income taxes as is consistent with the preservation of principal.

The New York Fund seeks to provide New York investors with as high a level of current income exempt from federal income taxes and New York State and New York City personal income taxes as is consistent with the preservation of principal.

Principal Investment Strategies

The California Fund. As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its assets in investment grade California municipal securities or other investments with similar economic characteristics. California municipal securities include securities issued by the State of California and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax and California state personal income tax.

The fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in securities rated below investment grade at the time of purchase, or, if unrated, deemed to be of comparable credit quality by the subadviser. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.”

The fund may invest in securities of any maturity. The fund expects to maintain an average effective portfolio maturity of between three and ten years.

The fund can invest up to 20% of its assets in unrated securities that the subadviser determines to be equivalent to investment grade.

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. The fund may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, such as futures, options, swaps and warrants, for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the fund’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Despite this flexibility, the fund’s subadviser may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadviser choose to use derivatives, the fund will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of fund assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

 

2


The New York Fund. As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of the value of its assets in investment grade New York municipal securities or other investments with similar economic characteristics. New York municipal securities include securities issued by the State of New York and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax and New York State and New York City personal income taxes.

The fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in securities rated below investment grade at the time of purchase, or, if unrated, deemed to be of comparable credit quality by the subadviser. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.”

The fund may invest in securities of any maturity. The fund expects to maintain an average effective portfolio maturity of between three and ten years.

The fund can invest up to 20% of its assets in unrated securities that the subadviser determines to be equivalent to investment grade.

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. The fund may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, such as futures, options, swaps and warrants, for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the fund’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Despite this flexibility, the fund’s subadviser may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadviser choose to use derivatives, the fund will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of fund assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Additional Information

The funds’ principal investment strategies are described above. The following provides additional information about these principal strategies and describes other investment strategies that may be used by each fund.

Non-diversified Classification

Each fund is an open-end investment company and is currently classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). A diversified fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer, or (b) the fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. A non-diversified fund is not subject to these limitations. Therefore, a non-diversified fund can invest a greater portion of its assets in a single issuer or a limited number of issuers than may a diversified fund. In this regard, each fund is subject to greater risk than a diversified fund. Under the 1940 Act, the funds may change their classification from non-diversified to diversified without shareholder approval.

Each fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), which will relieve the fund

 

3


of any liability for federal income taxes to the extent its earnings are distributed to shareholders. To so qualify, among other requirements, each fund will limit its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) not more than 25% of the market value of the fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer, and (b) with respect to 50% of the market value of its total assets, not more than 5% of the market value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer and the fund will not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer. Each fund’s assumption of large positions in the obligations of a small number of issuers may cause the fund’s share price to fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified company as a result of changes in the financial condition or in the market’s assessment of the issuers.

Securities Rating Criteria. In general, the ratings of Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) and Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) and other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal securities that they undertake to rate; the ratings are relative and subjective and are not absolute standards of quality. The manager’s judgment as to credit quality of a municipal security, thus, may differ from that suggested by the ratings published by a NRSRO. See Appendix A for a description of NRSRO ratings.

If, after purchase, the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates, or if the maturity is extended, each fund’s portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by a fund may become the holders of underlying assets. In that case, the fund may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. In addition, to the extent that ratings change as a result of changes in rating organizations or their rating systems or as a result of a corporate restructuring of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch or any other NRSRO the manager will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for each fund’s investments.

Municipal securities rated no lower than Baa, MIG 3 or Prime-1 by Moody’s, BBB, SP-2 or A-1 by S&P, BBB or F-1 by Fitch, or have the equivalent rating of any other NRSRO, are considered investment grade securities. Municipal securities rated Baa by Moody’s, for example, are considered medium grade obligations that lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics as well. Municipal securities rated BBB by S&P are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Municipal securities rated BBB by Fitch are deemed to be subject to a higher likelihood that their rating will fall below investment grade than higher rated bonds.

Maturity of Obligations Held by the Funds. The manager believes that each fund may offer an attractive investment opportunity for investors seeking a higher effective tax yield than a tax-exempt money market fund or a tax-exempt short-term bond fund and less fluctuation in net asset value than a longer term tax-exempt bond fund. Each fund normally invests in intermediate maturity securities; the weighted average maturity of each fund’s portfolio will normally be not less than three nor more than ten years.

Municipal Securities. For purposes of this SAI, “municipal securities” shall collectively refer to debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, or multi-state agencies or authorities. Municipal securities include long-term obligations, often called municipal bonds, as well as short-term notes, participation certificates, municipal leases, custodial receipts and tax-exempt commercial paper.

Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds generally are understood to include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations, payment of general operating expenses and extensions of loans to public institutions and facilities. The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” or “specific obligation” bonds, which include “industrial revenue bonds” and “private activity bonds.” General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and the repayment of principal, and, accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s

 

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maintenance of its tax base. Revenue or specific obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special tax or other specific revenue source, such as from the users of the facility being financed; accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Although the ratings of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s of tax-exempt securities are relative and subjective, and are not absolute standards of quality, such ratings reflect the assessment of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s, as the case may be, at the time of issuance of the rating, of the economic viability of the issuer or the special revenue source with respect to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, but do not reflect an assessment of the market value of the obligation. The rating agencies undertake no obligation to update their ratings of securities. See Appendix A.

Each fund may purchase tender option bonds. A tender option bond is a municipal bond (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates, that has been coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the institution generally receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal bond’s fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent, that would cause the securities, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder would effectively hold a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax-exempt rate.

Each fund may purchase inverse floating obligations and residual interest bonds which represent interests in tax-exempt securities and which pay interest rates that vary inversely to changes in the interest rates of specified short-term tax-exempt securities or an index of short-term tax-exempt securities. An investment in inverse floaters or residual interest bonds may involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed-rate municipal bond. Because changes in the interest rate on the other securities or index inversely affect the residual interest paid, the value of an the inverse floater or residual interest bond is generally more volatile than that of a fixed-rate municipal bond.

The yield on municipal bonds is dependent on a variety of factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, general money market factors, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation offered and the rating of the issue. Municipal bonds also may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The possibility also exists that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any one or more issuers to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its or their municipal bonds may be materially and adversely affected.

Municipal Leases. Each fund may invest in “municipal leases,” which are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment or facilities. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel to the issuers, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are often secured by the underlying property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating municipal lease obligations, the subadviser will consider such

 

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factors as it deems appropriate, which may include: (a) whether the lease can be canceled; (b) the ability of the lease obligee to direct the sale of the underlying assets; (c) the general creditworthiness of the lease obligor; (d) the likelihood that the municipality will discontinue appropriating funding for the leased property in the event such property is no longer considered essential by the municipality; (e) the legal recourse of the lease obligee in the event of such a failure to appropriate funding; (f) whether the security is backed by a credit enhancement such as insurance; and (g) any limitations which are imposed on the lease obligor’s ability to utilize substitute property or services rather than those covered by the lease obligation.

Each fund may invest in debt obligations which are repayable out of revenue streams generated from economically-related projects or facilities or debt obligations whose issuers are located in the same state. Sizeable investments in such obligations could involve an increased risk to a fund should any of the related projects or facilities experience financial difficulties.

Participation Certificates. Participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities. They may represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract.

Private Activity Bonds. Each fund may invest without limit in municipal securities that are “private activity bonds,” as defined in the Code, which are in most cases revenue bonds. Private activity bonds generally do not carry the pledge of the credit of the issuing municipality, but are guaranteed by or payable from funds provided by the corporate entity on whose behalf they are issued. Interest income on certain types of private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986 to finance non-governmental activities is a specific tax preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. Individual and corporate shareholders may be subject to a federal alternative minimum tax to the extent the fund’s dividends are derived from interest on these bonds. Dividends derived from interest income on municipal securities are a “current earnings” adjustment item for purposes of the federal corporate alternative minimum tax. See “Dividends and Distributions” and “Taxes” below. Private activity bonds held by a fund will be considered municipal securities for purposes of determining compliance with the fund’s policy of investing at least 80% of its total assets in municipal securities.

Related Instruments. Each fund may invest without limit in municipal securities that are repayable out of revenues generated from economically related projects or facilities or debt obligations whose issuers are located in the same state. Sizable investments in these obligations could involve an increased risk to the funds should any of the related projects or facilities experience financial difficulties.

U.S. Government Securities. Senior securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities (“U.S. government securities”) in which each fund may invest include debt obligations of varying maturities issued by the United States Treasury or issued or guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the United States government, including the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Loan Administration, Export—Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board, Student Loan Marketing Association and Resolution Trust Company. Direct obligations of the United States Treasury include bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issuance. These instruments are direct obligations of the United States government and, as such, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Because the U.S. government is not obligated by law to provide support to an instrumentality that it sponsors, a fund will not invest in obligations issued by such an instrumentality unless the subadviser determines that the instrumentality’s credit risk does not make its securities unsuitable for investment by the fund.

Zero Coupon Bonds. A zero coupon bond pays no interest in cash to its holder during its life, although interest is accrued during that period. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a “deep discount” price). Because such securities usually trade at a deep

 

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discount, they will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities which make periodic distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, zero coupon securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity. Each fund may also invest in hybrid zero coupon securities which possess qualities of both zero coupon and coupon bonds.

Pay-In-Kind. Each fund may invest in pay-in-kind securities, which pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities. Pay-in-kind securities have characteristics similar to those of zero coupon securities, but interest on such securities may be paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash.

Deferred Interest Bonds. Each fund may invest in deferred interest bonds, which are debt obligations that generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins and that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Although this period of delay is different for each deferred interest bond, a typical period is approximately one-third of the bond’s term to maturity. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its initial need for cash to meet debt service, but some also provide a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash.

Debt Obligations Generally. Each fund may invest in a variety of debt and fixed income securities. These securities share three principal risks: first, the level of interest income generated by a fund’s fixed income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. Thus, when fixed income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Second, their values fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Thus, a decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the fund’s fixed income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the fund’s fixed income investments will generally decline. The magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when a fund’s duration or average maturity is longer. Changes in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income from those securities, but will be reflected in a fund’s net asset value. In addition, certain fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due, or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.

Custodial Receipts. Each fund may acquire custodial receipts or certificates under-written by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments, or both, on certain municipal securities. The underwriter of these certificates or receipts typically purchases municipal securities and deposits the obligations in an irrevocable trust or custodial account with a custodian bank, which then issues receipts or certificates evidencing ownership of the periodic unmatured coupon payments and the final principal payment on the obligations. Custodial receipts evidencing specific coupon or principal payments have the same general attributes as zero coupon municipal securities described above. Although under the terms of a custodial receipt a fund would typically be authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligations, the fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank those rights as may exist against the underlying issuer. Thus, if the underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, if the trust or custodial account in which the underlying security has been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying security would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.

Municipal Securities Components. Each fund may invest in municipal securities, the interest rate on which has been divided by the issuer into two different and variable components, which together result in a fixed interest rate. Typically, the first of the components (the “Auction Component”) pays an interest rate that is reset periodically through an auction process; whereas the second of the components (the “Residual Component”) pays a residual interest rate based on the difference between the total interest paid by the issuer on the municipal securities and the auction rate paid on the Auction Component. Each fund may purchase both Auction and Residual Components.

 

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Because the interest rate paid to holders of Residual Components is generally determined by subtracting from a fixed amount the interest rate paid to the holders of Auction Components, the interest rate paid to Residual Component holders will decrease as the Auction Component’s rate increases and increase as the Auction Component’s rate decreases. Moreover, the magnitude of the increases and decreases in market value of Residual Components may be larger than comparable changes in the market value of an equal principal amount of a fixed rate municipal securities having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity.

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments. Each fund may purchase floating and variable rate demand notes and bonds, which are municipal securities normally having a stated maturity in excess of one year, but which permit their holder to demand payment of principal at any time, or at specified intervals. The maturity of a floating or variable rate demand note or bond will be deemed shortened by virtue of a demand feature.

The issuer of floating and variable rate demand obligations normally has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal amount of the obligations plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days’ notice to the holders of these obligations. The interest rate on a floating rate demand obligation is based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate, and is adjusted automatically each time that rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate demand obligation is adjusted automatically at specified intervals. Frequently, floating and variable rate obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. Use of letters of credit or other credit support arrangements will not adversely affect the tax-exempt status of these obligations. Because they are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, floating and variable rate obligations generally will not be traded. In addition, generally no secondary market exists for these obligations, although their holders may demand payment at face value. For these reasons, when floating and variable rate obligations held by a fund are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements, the fund’s rights to demand payment is dependent on the ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. The manager, on behalf of the fund, will consider on an ongoing basis the creditworthiness of the issuers of floating and variable rate demand obligations held by the fund.

Participation Interests. Each fund may purchase from financial institutions tax-exempt participation interests in municipal securities. A participation interest gives the fund an undivided interest in the municipal securities in the proportion that the fund’s participation interest bears to the total amount of the municipal securities. These instruments may have floating or variable rates of interest. If the participation interest is unrated, it will be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a bank that the funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has determined meets certain quality standards, or the payment obligation otherwise will be collateralized by U.S. government securities. The funds will have the right, with respect to certain participation interests, to demand payment, on a specified number of days’ notice, for all or any part of the fund’s interest in the municipal securities, plus accrued interest. Each fund intends to exercise its right with respect to these instruments to demand payment only upon a default under the terms of the municipal securities or to maintain or improve the quality of its investment portfolio.

Taxable Investments. Under normal conditions, each fund may hold up to 20% of its net assets in cash or money market instruments, including taxable money market instruments (collectively, “Taxable Investments”). In addition, the manager believes that if market conditions warrant, a fund may take a temporary defensive posture and invest without limitation in short-term municipal securities and Taxable Investments. To the extent, a fund holds Taxable Investments and, under certain market conditions, certain floating and variable rate demand obligations or Auction Components, the fund may not achieve its investment objective.

Money market instruments in which the funds may invest include: U.S. Government Securities; tax-exempt notes of municipal issuers rated, at the time of purchase, no lower than MIG 1 by Moody’s, SP-1 by S&P of F-1 by Fitch, have the equivalent rating by any NRSRO or, if not rated, by issuers having outstanding, unsecured debt then rated within the three highest rating categories; bank obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers acceptances of domestic banks, domestic savings and loan associations and similar institutions); commercial paper rated no lower than P-1 by Moody’s, A-1 by S&P of F-1 by Fitch or the equivalent from any NRSRO or, if unrated of an issuer having an outstanding, unsecured debt issue then rated within the three highest rating categories; and repurchase agreements.

 

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Derivative InstrumentsOptions, Futures and Other Strategies

General. Each fund may invest in certain options, futures contracts (sometimes referred to as “futures”), options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) to, among other things, attempt to hedge its investments or attempt to enhance its return or yield through non-hedging strategies. Except as otherwise provided in the prospectus, this SAI or by applicable law, each fund may purchase and sell any type of Financial Instrument.

The use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, each fund’s ability to use Financial Instruments may be limited by tax considerations.

Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as “short hedges” and “long hedges.” A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in a fund’s portfolio. Thus, in a short hedge the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.

Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that the fund intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, a fund does not own a corresponding security and, therefore, the transaction does not relate to the portfolio security that the fund owns. Rather, it relates to a security that the fund intends to acquire. If the fund does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing, the effect on the fund’s portfolio is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.

Financial Instruments on securities generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that a fund owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indices, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which a fund has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities generally are used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.

In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below, the subadviser expects to discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the subadviser develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The subadviser may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with each fund’s investment objective and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. The funds might not use any of these strategies, and there can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed.

Risks. The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below, and may result in losses to a fund. In general, these techniques may increase the volatility of a fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to a fund. A fund’s use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by its shareholders.

Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the subadviser’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities, currency and interest rate markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed, and use of Financial Instruments could result in a loss, regardless of whether the intent was to reduce risk or increase return.

A fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., Financial

 

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Instruments other than purchased options). If a fund were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair a fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.

A fund’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the fund.

Certain Risks Associated with Hedging Strategies. There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a Financial Instrument and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a Financial Instrument used in a short hedge increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which Financial Instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using Financial Instruments on indices will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the securities or other assets being hedged.

Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded Financial Instruments, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly. A fund may invest in Financial Instruments based on securities with different issuers, maturities or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the position in Financial Instruments will not track the performance of the fund’s other investments.

Prices of Financial Instruments can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match a fund’s portfolio investments well. Prices of Financial Instruments are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the markets for Financial Instruments and the securities markets, from structural differences in how Financial Instruments and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. A fund may purchase or sell Financial Instruments with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in a fund’s positions in Financial Instruments are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

If successful, the above-discussed strategies can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements. However, such strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. For example, if a fund entered into a short hedge because its subadviser projected a decline in the price of a security in the fund’s portfolio, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the Financial Instrument. Moreover, if the price of the Financial Instrument declined by more than the increase in the price of the security, the fund could suffer a loss. In either such case, the fund would have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.

Cover. Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose a fund to an obligation to another party. Each fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, segregate on its books cash or liquid assets in the prescribed amount as determined daily. A fund may cover such transactions using other methods currently or as may be permitted in the future under the 1940 Act or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. For these purposes, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account when deemed appropriate by a fund.

 

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Assets used as cover cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a fund’s assets to cover in accounts could impede portfolio management or the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.

Each fund may purchase call options for any purpose. For example, a call option may be purchased by a fund as a long hedge. Call options also may be used as a means of participating in an anticipated price increase of a security on a more limited risk basis than would be possible if the security itself were purchased. In the event of a decline in the price of the underlying security, use of this strategy would serve to limit a fund’s potential loss to the option premium paid; conversely, if the market price of the underlying security increases above the exercise price and the fund either sells or exercises the option, any profit realized would be reduced by the premium.

Each fund may purchase put options for any purpose. For example, a put option may be purchased by a fund as a short hedge. The put option enables a fund to sell the underlying security at the predetermined exercise price; thus, the potential for loss to the fund below the exercise price is limited to the option premium paid. If the market price of the underlying security is higher than the exercise price of the put option, any profit a fund realizes on the sale of the security would be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put option may be sold.

Writing put or call options can enable a fund to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, a fund may also suffer a loss as a result of writing options. For example, if the market price of the security underlying a put option declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, a fund would suffer a loss.

Writing call options can serve as a limited short hedge, because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and a fund will be obligated to sell the security or currency at less than its market value. If the call option is an over the counter (“OTC”) option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.

Writing put options can serve as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and a fund will be obligated to purchase the security or currency at more than its market value. If the put option is an OTC option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions.

Each fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, a fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, the fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

 

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A type of put that a fund may purchase is an “optional delivery standby commitment,” which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to the fund. An optional delivery standby commitment gives a fund the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.

Risks of Options on Securities. Options may result in a fund’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. The funds may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the fund, as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

A fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.

If a fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence of a secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a fund could cause material losses because the fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.

Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or other instrument. Options purchased by a fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by a fund expires unexercised, the fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

Options on Indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

Risks of Options on Indices. The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when a fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to

 

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those on which the underlying index is based. However, a fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.

Even if a fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, a fund, as a call writer, will not learn that the fund has been assigned until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds securities that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those securities against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding securities positions.

If a fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, a fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a fund great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. A fund may invest in single security futures contracts to the extent permitted by applicable law. Options on futures give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. The purchase of futures or call options on futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures or the purchase of put options on futures can serve as a short hedge. Writing call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing call options on securities or indices. Similarly, writing put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or yield. To the extent permitted by applicable law and a fund’s investment policies, a fund may also write call and put options on futures contracts that are not covered.

In addition, futures strategies can be used to manage the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio. If the subadviser wishes to shorten the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio, the fund may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If the subadviser wishes to lengthen the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio, the fund may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.

Futures contracts may also be used for non-hedging purposes, such as to simulate full investment in underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for portfolio management purposes, as a substitute for direct

 

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investment in a security, to facilitate trading, to reduce transaction costs, or to seek higher investment returns when a futures contract or option is priced more attractively than the underlying security or index.

No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract a fund is required to deposit “initial margin.” Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to a fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.

Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking-to-market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of a fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When a fund purchases an option on a futures contract, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a fund when the use of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the value of the securities or currencies being hedged. In contrast, when a fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If a fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.

Although some futures and options on futures call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or currencies, generally those contracts are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures or options (involving the same currency or underlying security and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is more, the fund realizes a loss. If an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is less, the fund realizes a loss. A fund will also bear transaction costs for each contract, which will be included in these calculations. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If a fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it could incur substantial losses. A fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.

Each fund is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and, therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.

Risks of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures market), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit

 

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requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market trends by the subadviser may still not result in a successful transaction. Of course, the subadviser may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of various interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market movements or the time span within which the movements take place.

Index Futures. The risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of index futures and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of a fund’s portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the index futures moves less than the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, a fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the futures contract. If the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the securities, a fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the futures contract that will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures, a fund may buy or sell index futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the prices of the securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where a fund has sold index futures contracts to hedge against decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the fund may decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. However, while this could occur for a very brief period or to a very small degree, over time the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices on which the futures contracts are based.

Where index futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before a fund is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the fund then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.

To the extent such instruments are permitted by applicable law and a fund’s investment policies, the fund may invest in security futures. Such investments are expected to be subject to risks similar to those of index future investing.

Combined Positions. The funds may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with other Financial Instruments, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. For example, a fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

Turnover. The funds’ options and futures activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by a fund, and the sale or purchase of futures contracts, may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once a fund has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under

 

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the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by a fund may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within the fund’s control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. A fund will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.

Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. The funds may enter into swaps, caps, floors and collars to preserve a return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of their portfolio, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the funds anticipate purchasing at a later date or to attempt to enhance yield. A swap involves the exchange by a fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a fund’s investments and its share price and yield because, and to the extent, these agreements affect the fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, non-U.S. currency values, mortgage-backed security values, corporate borrowing rates or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates.

Swap agreements will tend to shift a fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options.

If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, a fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty’s insolvency.

Each fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or a non- U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap which may be significantly larger than the fund’s cost to enter into the credit default swap.

Each fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk—that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to a fund in the event of a default.

The net amount of the excess, if any, of a fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap will be accrued on a daily basis, depending on whether a threshold amount (if any) is exceeded, and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value approximately equal to the accrued excess will be maintained as collateral. A fund will also maintain collateral with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis, and will maintain collateral as required by SEC guidelines from time to time with respect to caps and floors written by the fund.

 

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Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities. The funds may enter into commitments to purchase securities on a “forward commitment” basis, including purchases on a “when-issued” basis or a “to be announced” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, certain terms may be fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. Such securities are often the most efficiently priced and have the best liquidity in the bond market. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser for the securities purchased and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. In a “to be announced” transaction, a fund commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not yet known at the time of the trade, particularly the exact face amount in forward commitment mortgage-backed securities transactions.

The funds may sell the securities subject to a forward commitment purchase, which may result in a gain or loss. When a fund purchases securities on a forward commitment basis, it assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation, at the time of purchase, not at the time of receipt. Purchases of forward commitment securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to deliver after the value of the securities has risen. Depending on market conditions, a fund’s forward commitment purchases could cause its net asset value to be more volatile. The funds may also enter into a forward commitment to sell securities they own and will generally do so only with the intention of actually delivering the securities. The use of forward commitments enables a fund to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. In a forward sale, a fund does not participate in gains or losses on the security occurring after the commitment date. Forward commitments to sell securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to take delivery after the value of the securities has declined.

Forward commitment transactions involve additional risks similar to those associated with investments in options and futures contracts.

Flexibility. Generally, the foregoing is not intended to limit the funds’ investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by the funds as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what the funds may do are not intended to limit other any activity. Each fund maintains the flexibility to use Financial Instruments for any purpose consistent with applicable law and any express limitations in the fund’s SAI or prospectus.

Stand-by Commitments. Each fund may acquire “stand-by commitments” with respect to municipal securities held in its portfolio. Under a stand-by commitment, a broker, dealer or bank is obligated to repurchase at a fund’s option specified securities at a specified price and, in this way, a stand-by commitment, therefore, is subject to the ability of the seller to make payment on demand. A fund will acquire stand-by commitments solely to facilitate portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise the rights afforded by the commitments for trading purposes. Each fund anticipates that stand-by commitments will be available from brokers, dealers and banks without the payment of any direct or indirect consideration. Each fund may pay for stand-by commitments if payment is deemed necessary, thus increasing to a degree the cost of the underlying municipal securities and similarly decreasing the security’s yield to the funds.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities. Restricted securities are securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale, such as private placements. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of restricted securities at a time when the sale would otherwise be desirable. To the extent required by applicable law and SEC guidance, no securities for which there is not a readily available market (“illiquid securities”) will be acquired by a fund if such acquisition would cause the aggregate value of illiquid securities to exceed 15% of the fund’s net assets. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and the funds may have difficulty disposing of such securities promptly.

Repurchase Agreements. The funds may enter into repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, domestic banks or recognized financial institutions. A repurchase agreement is a short-term investment in which the purchaser (i.e., the funds) acquires ownership of a debt security and the seller agrees to repurchase the obligation at a future time and set price, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are collateralized by the underlying debt securities and may be considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. All repurchase agreements entered into by a

fund shall be fully collateralized at all times during the period of the agreement in that the value of the underlying security shall be at least equal to the amount of the loan, including the accrued interest thereon, and the fund or

 

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its custodian or sub-custodians shall have control of the collateral, which the subadviser believes will give the fund a valid, perfected security interest in the collateral. This might become an issue in the event of the bankruptcy of the other party to the transaction. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by a fund but only constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price. Therefore, the fund may suffer time delays and incur costs in connection with the disposition of the collateral. The subadviser believes that the collateral underlying repurchase agreements may be more susceptible to claims of the seller’s creditors than would be the case with securities owned by a fund. A fund will make payment for such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer to the account of a custodian or bank acting as agent. The seller under a repurchase agreement is required to maintain the value of the underlying securities marked to market daily at not less than the repurchase price. The underlying securities (normally securities of the U.S. government, or its agencies and instrumentalities) may have maturity dates exceeding one year. A fund does not bear the risk of a decline in value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation.

For the purpose of investing in repurchase agreements, the subadviser may aggregate the cash that certain funds or accounts that are advised or subadvised by the subadviser or its affiliates would otherwise invest separately into a joint account. The cash in the joint account is then invested in repurchase and the funds, funds or accounts that contributed to the joint account share pro rata in the net revenue generated. The subadviser believes that the joint account produces efficiencies and economies of scale that may contribute to reduced transaction costs, higher returns, higher quality investments and greater diversity of investments for a fund than would be available to the fund investing separately. The manner in which the joint account is managed is subject to conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive order authorizing this practice, which conditions are designed to ensure the fair administration of the joint account and to protect the amounts in that account.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, the funds, along with other affiliated entities managed by the manager, may transfer uninvested cash balances into one or more joint repurchase accounts. These balances are invested in one or more repurchase agreements, secured by U.S. government securities. Securities that are collateral for repurchase agreements are financial assets subject to a fund’s entitlement orders through its securities account at its custodian bank until the agreements mature. Each joint repurchase agreement requires that the market value of the collateral be sufficient to cover payments of interest and principal; however, in the event of default by the other party to the agreement, retention or sale of the collateral may be subject to legal proceedings.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Investments. The funds may invest or hold cash or other short-term investments, including commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. The funds may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to the private placement exemption in Section 4(2) of 1933 Act. Section 4(2) paper is restricted as to disposition under federal securities laws in that any resale must similarly be made in an exempt transaction. The funds may or may not regard such securities as illiquid, depending on the circumstances of each case. The funds may also invest in obligations (including certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of banks and savings and loan institutions.

Temporary Investments. Each fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If a fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may be unable to achieve its investment objective.

Other Investments. In addition to the foregoing, a fund may investment in instruments that exist or that may develop in the future if the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, believes such instruments to be commensurate with appropriate risk assumption and pursuit of a fund’s investment objective.

RISK FACTORS

Investments in Specified Private Activity Bonds

Under current federal income tax law, (1) interest on Municipal Bonds issued after August 7, 1986 which are specified private activity bonds (“AMT-Subject bonds”) and the proportionate share of any exempt-interest dividend paid by a regulated investment company that receives interest from such AMT-Subject bonds, will be

 

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treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of the AMT that is imposed on individuals and corporations by the Code, though for regular federal income tax purposes such interest will remain fully tax-exempt, and (2) interest on all tax-exempt obligations will be included in “adjusted current earnings” of corporations for AMT purposes. Such AMT-Subject bonds, which include industrial development bonds and bonds issued to finance projects such as airports, housing projects, solid waste disposal facilities, student loan programs and water and sewage projects, have provided, and may continue to provide, somewhat higher yields than other comparable municipal securities.

Investors should consider that, in most instances, no state, municipality or other governmental unit with taxing power will be obligated to make or guarantee payments of principal and interest with respect to AMT-Subject bonds. AMT-Subject bonds are in most cases revenue bonds and do not generally have the pledge of the credit or the taxing power, if any, of the issuer of such bonds. AMT-Subject bonds are generally limited obligations of the issuer supported by payments from private business entities and not by the full faith and credit of a state or any governmental subdivision. Typically the obligation of the issuer of AMT-Subject bonds is to make payments to bond holders only out of and to the extent of payments made by the private business entity for whose benefit the AMT-Subject bonds were issued. Payment of the principal and interest on such revenue bonds depends solely on the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment. It is not possible to provide specific detail on each of these obligations in which fund assets may be invested.

Risk of Concentration In a Single State

The primary purpose of investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities is the special tax treatment accorded the state’s resident individual investors. However, payment of interest and preservation of principal is dependent upon the continuing ability of the state’s issuers and/or obligors on state, municipal and public authority debt obligations to meet their obligations thereunder. Investors should be aware of certain factors that might affect the financial condition of issuers of municipal securities, consider the greater risk of the concentration of the fund versus the safety that comes with a less concentrated investment portfolio and compare yields available in portfolios of state issues with those of more diversified portfolios, including out-of-state issues, before making an investment decision.

Municipal securities in which each fund’s assets are invested may include debt obligations of the municipalities and other subdivisions of the state issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, bridges, highways, schools, streets and water and sewer works. Other purposes for which municipal securities may be issued include the obtaining of funds to lend to public or private institutions for the construction of facilities such as educational, hospital, housing, and solid waste disposal facilities. The latter, including most AMT-Subject bonds, are generally payable from private sources which, in varying degrees, may depend on local economic conditions, but are not necessarily affected by the ability of the state and its political subdivisions to pay their debts. It is not possible to provide specific details on each of these obligations in which fund assets may be invested. However, all such securities, the payment of which is not a general obligation of an issuer having general taxing power, must satisfy, at the time of an acquisition by the fund, the minimum rating(s) requirements. See Appendix A for a description of ratings and rating criteria. Some municipal securities may be rated based on a “moral obligation” contract, which allows the municipality to terminate its obligation by deciding not to make an appropriation. Generally, no legal remedy is available against the municipality that is a party to the “moral obligation” contract in the event of such non-appropriation.

Municipal Market Volatility. Municipal securities can be affected significantly by political changes as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to taxation, legislative changes, or the rights of municipal security holders. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal insurer can affect the overall municipal market.

 

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Interest Rate Changes. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the price of a debt security can fall when interest rates rise and can rise when interest rates fall. Securities with longer maturities can be more sensitive to interest rate changes. In other words, the longer the maturity of a security, the greater the impact a change in interest rates could have on the security’s price. In addition, short-term and long-term interest rates do not necessarily move in the same amount or the same direction. Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates, and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates.

Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can affect the credit quality or value of an issuer’s securities. Lower-quality debt securities (those of less than investment-grade quality) tend to be more sensitive to these changes than higher-quality debt securities. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be affected negatively by the discontinuance of the taxation supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues from the project or from the assets. If the Internal Revenue Service determines an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with applicable tax requirements, or the structure of a security fails to function as intended, interest from the security could become taxable or the security could decline significantly in value.

Municipal Market Disruption Risk. The value of municipal securities may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal market related to legislation or litigation involving the taxation of municipal securities or the rights of municipal securities holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Please see, for example, the discussion of Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis under “Taxes—Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.” Proposals to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities are introduced before Congress from time to time. Proposals also may be introduced before the respective state legislature that would affect the state tax treatment of a municipal fund’s distributions. If such proposals were enacted, the availability of municipal securities and the value of a municipal fund’s holdings would be affected and the trustees would reevaluate each fund’s investment objectives and policies. Municipal bankruptcies are relatively rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear and remain untested. Further, the application of state law to municipal issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal securities issuers within a state. These legal uncertainties could affect the municipal securities market generally, certain specific segments of the market, or the relative credit quality of particular securities. Any of these effects could have a significant impact on the prices of some or all of the municipal securities held by a fund.

Risks Inherent in an Investment in Different Types of Municipal Securities

General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. However, the taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors. Some such factors are the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control.

Industrial Development Revenue Bonds (“IDRs”). IDRs, including pollution control revenue bonds, are tax-exempt securities issued by states, municipalities, public authorities or similar entities to finance the cost of acquiring, constructing or improving various projects. These projects are usually operated by corporate entities. IDRs are not general obligations of governmental entities backed by their taxing power. Issuers are only obligated to pay amounts due on the IDRs to the extent that funds are available from the unexpended proceeds of the IDRs or receipts or revenues of the issuer. Payment of IDRs is solely dependent upon the creditworthiness of the corporate operator of the project or corporate guarantor. Such corporate operators or guarantors that are industrial companies may be affected by many factors, which may have an adverse impact on the credit quality of the particular company or industry.

 

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Hospital and Health Care Facility Bonds. The ability of hospitals and other health care facilities to meet their obligations with respect to revenue bonds issued on their behalf is dependent on various factors. Some such factors are the level of payments received from private third-party payors and government programs and the cost of providing health care services. There can be no assurance that payments under governmental programs will remain at levels comparable to present levels or will be sufficient to cover the costs associated with their bonds. It also may be necessary for a hospital or other health care facility to incur substantial capital expenditures or increased operating expenses to effect changes in its facilities, equipment, personnel and services. Hospitals and other health care facilities are additionally subject to claims and legal actions by patients and others in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance that a claim will not exceed the insurance coverage of a health care facility or that insurance coverage will be available to a facility.

Single Family and Multi-Family Housing Bonds. Multi-family housing revenue bonds and single family mortgage revenue bonds are state and local housing issues that have been issued to provide financing for various housing projects. Multi-family housing revenue bonds are payable primarily from mortgage loans to housing projects for low to moderate income families. Single-family mortgage revenue bonds are issued for the purpose of acquiring notes secured by mortgages on residences. The ability of housing issuers to make debt service payments on their obligations may be affected by various economic and non-economic factors. Such factors include: occupancy levels, adequate rental income in multi-family projects, the rate of default on mortgage loans underlying single family issues and the ability of mortgage insurers to pay claims. All single-family mortgage revenue bonds and certain multi-family housing revenue bonds are prepayable over the life of the underlying mortgage or mortgage pool. Therefore, the average life of housing obligations cannot be determined. However, the average life of these obligations will ordinarily be less than their stated maturities. Mortgage loans are frequently partially or completely prepaid prior to their final stated maturities.

Power Facility Bonds. The ability of utilities to meet their obligations with respect to bonds they issue is dependent on various factors. These factors include the rates they may charge their customers, the demand for a utility’s services and the cost of providing those services. Utilities are also subject to extensive regulations relating to the rates, which they may charge customers. Utilities can experience regulatory, political and consumer resistance to rate increases. Utilities engaged in long-term capital projects are especially sensitive to regulatory lags in granting rate increases. Utilities are additionally subject to increased costs due to governmental environmental regulation and decreased profits due to increasing competition. Any difficulty in obtaining timely and adequate rate increases could adversely affect a utility’s results of operations. The manager cannot predict at this time the effect of such factors on the ability of issuers to meet their obligations with respect to bonds.

Water and Sewer Revenue Bonds. Water and sewer bonds are generally payable from user fees. The ability of state and local water and sewer authorities to meet their obligations may be affected by a number of factors. Such factors include the failure of municipalities to utilize fully the facilities constructed by these authorities, declines in revenue from user charges, rising construction and maintenance costs, impact of environmental requirements, the difficulty of obtaining or discovering new supplies of fresh water, the effect of conservation programs, the impact of “no growth” zoning ordinances and the continued availability of federal and state financial assistance and of municipal bond insurance for future bond issues.

University and College Bonds. The ability of universities and colleges to meet their obligations is dependent upon various factors. Some of these factors, of which an investor should be aware, are the size and diversity of their sources of revenues, enrollment, reputation, management expertise, the availability and restrictions on the use of endowments and other funds, the quality and maintenance costs of campus facilities. Also, in the case of public institutions, the financial condition of the relevant state or other governmental entity and its policies with respect to education may affect an institution’s ability to make payments on its own.

Lease Rental Bonds. Lease rental bonds are predominantly issued by governmental authorities that have no taxing power or other means of directly raising revenues. Rather, the authorities are financing vehicles created solely for the construction of buildings or the purchase of equipment that will be used by a state or local government. Thus, the bonds are subject to the ability and willingness of the lessee government to meet its lease

 

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rental payments, which include debt services on the bonds. Lease rental bonds are subject to the risk that the lessee government is not legally obligated to budget and appropriate for the rental payments beyond the current fiscal year. These bonds are also subject to the risk of abatement in many states as rental bonds cease in the event that damage, destruction or condemnation of the project prevents its use by the lessee. Also, in the event of default by the lessee government, there may be significant legal and/or practical difficulties involved in the reletting or sale of the project.

Capital Improvement Facility Bonds. Capital improvement bonds are bonds issued to provide funds to assist political subdivisions or agencies of a state through acquisition of the underlying debt of a state or local political subdivision or agency. The risks of an investment in such bonds include the risk of possible prepayment or failure of payment of proceeds on and default of the underlying debt.

Solid Waste Disposal Bonds. Bonds issued for solid waste disposal facilities are generally payable from tipping fees and from revenues that may be earned by the facility on the sale of electrical energy generated in the combustion of waste products. The ability of solid waste disposal facilities to meet their obligations depends upon the continued use of the facility, the successful and efficient operation of the facility and, in the case of waste-to-energy facilities, the continued ability of the facility to generate electricity on a commercial basis. Also, increasing environmental regulation on the Federal, state and local level has a significant impact on waste disposal facilities. While regulation requires more waste producers to use waste disposal facilities, it also imposes significant costs on the facilities.

Moral Obligation Bonds. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of the bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question. Thus, such a commitment generally requires appropriation by the state legislature and accordingly does not constitute a legally enforceable obligation or debt of the state. The agencies or authorities generally have no taxing power.

Refunded Bonds. Refunded bonds are typically secured by direct obligations of the U.S. government, or in some cases obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government, placed in an escrow account maintained by an independent trustee until maturity or a predetermined redemption date. These obligations are generally non-callable prior to maturity or the predetermined redemption date. In a few isolated instances to date, however, bonds which were thought to be escrowed to maturity have been called for redemption prior to maturity.

Airport, Port and Highway Revenue Bonds. Certain facility revenue bonds are payable from and secured by the revenue from the ownership and operation of particular facilities, such as airports, highways and port authorities. Airport operating income may be affected by the ability of airlines to meet their obligations under the agreements with airports. Similarly, payment on bonds related to other facilities is dependent on revenues from the projects, such as use fees from ports, tolls on turnpikes and bridges and rents from buildings. Therefore, payment may be adversely affected by reduction in revenues due to such factors and increased cost of maintenance or decreased use of a facility. The subadviser cannot predict what effect conditions may have on revenues, which are dependent for payment on these bonds.

Special Tax Bonds. Special tax bonds are payable from and secured by the revenues derived by a municipality from a particular tax. Examples of such special taxes are a tax on the rental of a hotel room, the purchase of food and beverages, the rental of automobiles or the consumption of liquor. Special tax bonds are not secured by the general tax revenues of the municipality, and they do not represent general obligations of the municipality. Therefore, payment on special tax bonds may be adversely affected by a reduction in revenues realized from the underlying special tax. Also, should spending on the particular goods or services that are subject to the special tax decline, the municipality may be under no obligation to increase the rate of the special tax to ensure that sufficient revenues are raised from the shrinking taxable base.

Tax Allocation Bonds. Tax allocation bonds are typically secured by incremental tax revenues collected on property within the areas where redevelopment projects, financed by bond proceeds are located. Such payments

 

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are expected to be made from projected increases in tax revenues derived from higher assessed values of property resulting from development in the particular project area and not from an increase in tax rates. Special risk considerations include: reduction of, or a less than anticipated increase in, taxable values of property in the project area; successful appeals by property owners of assessed valuations; substantial delinquencies in the payment of property taxes; or imposition of any constitutional or legislative property tax rate decrease.

Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are secured by a state or local government’s proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”). The MSA is an agreement, reached out of court in November 1998 between the attorneys general of 46 states (Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi and Texas all settled independently) and six other U.S. jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam), and the four largest U.S. tobacco manufacturers (Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds, Brown & Williamson, and Lorillard). Subsequently, 34 smaller tobacco manufacturers signed on to the MSA, bringing the current combined market share of participating tobacco manufacturers to approximately 99%. The MSA basically provides for annual payments by the manufacturers to the states and jurisdictions in perpetuity, in exchange for releasing all claims against the manufacturers and a pledge of no further litigation. The MSA established a base payment schedule and a formula for adjusting payments each year. Manufacturers pay into a master escrow trust based on their market share, and each state receives a fixed percentage of the payment as set forth in the MSA. Annual payments are highly dependent on annual domestic cigarette shipments and inflation, as well as several other factors. As a result, payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted by a decrease in tobacco consumption over time. A market share loss by the MSA companies to non-MSA participating manufacturers would also cause a downward adjustment in the payment amounts. A participating manufacturer filing for bankruptcy could cause delays or reductions in bond payments.

Certain Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are issued with “turbo” redemption features. Under the turbo structure, all available excess revenues are applied as an early redemption to the designated first turbo maturity until it is completely repaid, and then to the next turbo maturity until paid in full, and so on. The result is that the returned principal creates an average maturity that could be much shorter than the legal final maturity.

Transit Authority Bonds. Mass transit is generally not self-supporting from fare revenues. Therefore, additional financial resources must be made available to ensure operation of mass transit systems as well as the timely payment of debt service. Often such financial resources include federal and state subsidies, lease rentals paid by funds of the state or local government or a pledge of a special tax. If fare revenues or the additional financial resources do not increase appropriately to pay for rising operating expenses, the ability of the issuer to adequately service the debt may be adversely affected.

Convention Facility Bonds. Bonds in the convention facilities category include special limited obligation securities issued to finance convention and sports facilities payable from rental payments and annual governmental appropriations. The governmental agency is not obligated to make payments in any year in which the monies have not been appropriated to make such payments. In addition, these facilities are limited use facilities that may not be used for purposes other than as convention centers or sports facilities.

Correctional Facility Bonds. Bonds in the correctional facilities category include special limited obligation securities issued to construct, rehabilitate and purchase correctional facilities payable from governmental rental payments and/or appropriations.

Risks Relating to Investments in California and New York Municipal Securities and Other Municipal Obligations

The following summaries are included for the purpose of providing certain information regarding the economic climate and financial condition of the State of California, the State of New York, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands and are based primarily on information from official statements made available in connection with the issuance of certain securities and other documents and sources and does not purport to be complete. Neither the funds nor the manager has undertaken to verify independently

 

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such information and neither the funds nor the manager assumes responsibility for the accuracy of such information. The summaries do not provide information regarding most securities in which the funds are permitted to invest and, in particular, do not provide specific information on the issuers or types of municipal securities in which the funds invest or the private business entities whose obligations support the payments on AMT-Subject bonds, which may include industrial development bonds and bonds issued to finance such projects as airports, housing projects, solid waste disposal facilities, student loan programs and water and sewage projects, in which the funds may invest. See “Investments in Specified Private Activity Bonds.” The risk factors concerning a particular state or its political subdivisions discussed herein will not be relevant to all securities in which the funds may invest, and the creditworthiness of any particular issuer of securities may be unrelated to that of other issuers of securities in which the funds may invest. Additionally, although revenue obligations of a state or its political subdivisions may be payable from a specific project or source, there can be no assurance that future economic difficulties and the resulting impact on state and local government finances will not adversely affect the market value of the funds or the ability of the respective obligors to make timely payments of principal and interest on such obligations. In addition, a number of factors may adversely affect the ability of the issuers of municipal securities to repay their borrowings that are unrelated to the financial or economic condition of a state, and that, in some cases, are beyond their control.

California Risk Factors

The following is a brief summary of certain factors affecting the economy of the State of California and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors. Many complex political, social and economic forces influence California’s economy and finances, which may in turn affect the state’s financial plan. These forces may affect California unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions and events that are not subject to the state’s control.

California’s economy has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, construction and services. In early 2001, California’s economy slipped into a recession, which was concentrated in the state’s high-tech sector and, geographically, in the San Francisco Bay Area. There is evidence that the economy may have since stabilized. However, like the national economy, California’s economy experienced a slowdown in 2007. Reduced home building, home sales, and auto sales contributed to reduced taxable sales growth and job growth, while unemployment rates increased during the first nine months of the year.

It appears that the economy has since recovered, with 887,100 jobs gained between July 2003 and March 2007, compared with 362,000 jobs lost between January 2001 and 2003.

There can be no assurance that current or future economic difficulties in the United States or California and the resulting impact on the state will not adversely affect the market value of California municipal obligations held by the California Fund or the ability of particular issuers to make timely payments of debt service on these obligations.

For further information concerning the economy of California, see Appendix B to this SAI. The summary set forth above and in Appendix B is included for the purpose of providing a general description of the state of California’s credit and financial conditions, is based on information from statements of issuers of California municipal obligations, and does not purport to be complete. The California Fund is not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information.

 

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New York Risk Factors

The following is a brief summary of certain factors affecting the economy of the State of New York and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors. Many complex political, social and economic forces influence New York’s economy and finances, which may in turn affect the state’s financial plan. These forces may affect New York unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions and events that are not subject to the state’s control.

The September 11th terrorist attack had a devastating impact on the New York economy. New York City is still recovering from the severity of the blow, and the state’s economy continues to emerge from recession.

New York has a comparatively large share of the nation’s financial activities, information, education, and health services employment, and a very small share of the nation’s farming and mining activity. Because of the importance of the financial sector to the state’s economy, a weaker performance within the financial sector than is currently projected could have a more significant impact on the state than on the nation as a whole. In addition, national economic conditions have contributed to a slowdown of the state’s economy, which is expected to last at least through the end of 2008.

There can be no assurance that current or future economic difficulties in the United States or New York and the resulting impact on the state will not adversely affect the market value of New York municipal obligations held by the New York Fund or the ability of particular issuers to make timely payments of debt service on these obligations.

For further information concerning the economy of New York, see Appendix C to this SAI. The summary set forth above and in Appendix C is included for the purpose of providing a general description of the state of New York credit and financial conditions, is based on information from statements of issuers of New York municipal obligations, and does not purport to be complete. The New York Fund is not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information.

Puerto Rico Risk Factors

Certain of the bonds in the funds may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in Puerto Rico. The following is a brief summary of factors affecting the economy of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, electronics, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second only to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

The economy of Puerto Rico is closely linked to the United States economy. Factors affecting the United States economy usually have a significant impact on the performance of the Puerto Rico economy. These factors include exports, direct investment, the amount of federal transfer payments, the level of interest rates, the level of oil prices, the rate of inflation, and tourist expenditures.

There can be no assurance that current or future economic difficulties in the United States or Puerto Rico and the resulting impact on Puerto Rico will not adversely affect the market value of Puerto Rico municipal obligations held by the funds or the ability of particular issuers to make timely payments of debt service on these obligations.

 

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For further information concerning the economy of Puerto Rico, see Appendix D to this SAI. The summary set forth above and in Appendix D is included for the purpose of providing a general description of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico credit and financial conditions, is based on information from statements of issuers of Puerto Rico municipal obligations, and does not purport to be complete. The funds are not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of this information.

Guam Risk Factors

Certain of the bonds in the funds may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in Guam. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in Guam.

Guam, the westernmost territory of the U.S., is located 3,700 miles to the west-southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii and approximately 1,500 miles southeast of Japan. Guam’s economy is heavily dependent upon the U.S. military and tourism, particularly from Japan. The number of tourists visiting Guam has fluctuated in recent years due to natural disasters, fluctuations in the Japanese yen, and the events of September 11, 2001 in the United States.

Public sector employment in Guam is significant with approximately 25% of the labor force working for the local government or in federal jobs in December 2006. The rest of the labor force works in the private sector. Major private sector employment categories include construction, transportation and public utilities, retail trade and services. The economy depends largely on US military spending and tourism. Total US grants, wage payments, and procurement outlays amounted to $1.3 billion in 2004. Over the past 30 years, the tourist industry has grown to become the largest income source following national defense. The Guam economy continues to experience expansion in both its tourism and military sectors.

United States Virgin Islands Risk Factors

Certain of the bonds in the funds may be general obligations and/or revenue bonds of issuers located in the U.S. Virgin Islands. These bonds may be affected by political, social and economic conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The principal islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands are St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, and Water Island. The islands are located 1,075 miles from Miami, and about 1,600 miles southeast of New York City. In 2006, the population of the U.S. Virgin Islands was estimated at 112,801.

Tourism is the Virgin Island’s largest industry and represents the largest segment in the private sector, accounting for 80% of gross domestic product and employment. In some prior fiscal years, the most recent being 2003, the local government experienced recurring operating deficits in its general fund resulting from structural imbalances, including a large public sector payroll, the nature of a three-island economy and a narrow private sector base. In 2006, approximately 2.58 million visitors arrived in the Virgin Islands, down from 2.61 in 2005, which was slightly down from the record 2.62 million visitor arrivals recorded in 2004. Hotel occupancy rate and the number of air visitors increased from 2002 through 2005, but slightly decreased in 2006. The number of cruise ship passenger arrivals significantly increased in 2004 over 2003, but slightly decreased in 2005 and 2006 compared to the 2004 levels. The manufacturing sector consists of petroleum refining, textiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and watch assembly. One of the world’s largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix. International business and financial services are small but growing components of the economy. The islands are vulnerable to substantial damage from storms, and have suffered approximately $3 billion of damages from hurricanes since 1989.

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

Subject to policies as may be established by the funds’ Board from time to time, the subadviser is primarily responsible for each fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of each fund’s portfolio transactions.

Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but the price of those securities includes an undisclosed commission or mark-up. Over-the-counter purchases and sales are transacted directly with principal market makers, except where it is believed that better prices and executions may be obtained elsewhere. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down.

Pursuant to investment management agreements pursuant to which LMPFA serves as an investment manager to each fund (the “Management Agreements”) and the sub-advisory agreements between LMPFA and Western Asset pursuant to which Western Asset serves as each fund’s sub-adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreements”), each of the manager and the subadviser is authorized to place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for a fund either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer, foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or others selected by it. The general policy of the manager and the subadviser in selecting brokers and dealers is to obtain the best results achievable in the context of a number of factors which are considered both in relation to individual trades and broader trading patterns, including the reliability of the broker/dealer, the competitiveness of the price and the commission, the research services received and whether the broker/dealer commits its own capital.

In connection with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, subject to applicable law, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the funds and/or the other accounts over which the manager or the subadviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The manager and the subadviser are authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for a fund which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the manager or the subadviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities that the manager or the subadviser and their affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The manager and/or subadviser may also have arrangements with brokers pursuant to which such brokers provide research services to the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, in exchange for a certain volume of brokerage transactions to be executed by such brokers. While the payment of higher commissions increases a fund’s costs, neither the manager nor the subadviser believes that the receipt of such brokerage and research services significantly reduces its expenses as manager or subadviser. Arrangements for the receipt of research services from brokers may create conflicts of interest.

Research services furnished to the manager or the subadviser by brokers who effect securities transactions for a fund may be used by the manager or the subadviser in servicing other investment companies and accounts which it manages. Similarly, research services furnished to the manager or the subadviser by brokers who effect securities transactions for other investment companies and accounts which the manager or the subadviser manages may be used by the manager or the subadviser in servicing a fund. Not all of these research services are used by the manager or the subadviser in managing any particular account, including the funds.

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the funds did not direct any amounts to brokerage transactions related to research services and did not pay any brokerage commissions related to research services.

 

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Each fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining the best net results, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated broker/dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. The funds’ Board has adopted procedures in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to such affiliates are reasonable and fair in the context of the market in which such affiliates operate.

Effective December 1, 2007, Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. (“CGMI”) no longer serves as a distributor of the funds.

The funds did not pay any brokerage commissions during its past three fiscal years. As of December 1, 2005, LMIS became an underwriter of the funds under the 1940 Act. For the period December 1, 2005 through November 30, 2006 and for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the funds did not pay any brokerage commissions to LMIS or its affiliates.

There were no holdings of the securities of the funds’ regular brokers/dealers or of their parents that derive more than 15% of gross revenues from securities related activities as of November 30, 2007.

No fund will purchase U.S. government securities or municipal obligations during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to the securities, of which the manager is a member, except to the extent permitted by the SEC. Under certain circumstances, a fund may be at a disadvantage because of this limitation in comparison with other funds that have similar investment objectives but that are not subject to a similar limitation.

In certain instances, there may be securities that are suitable as an investment for one of the funds as well as for one or more of the manager’s or the subadviser’s other clients. Investment decisions for the funds and for the manager’s or the subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same manager, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could adversely affect the price of or the size of the position obtainable in a security for a fund. When purchases or sales of the same security for one of the funds and for other funds managed by the manager or the subadviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large volume purchases or sales.

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

For reporting purposes, a fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. The funds’ portfolio turnover rates generally are not expected to exceed 100%, but portfolio turnover rate will not be a limiting factor should a fund’s subadviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

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For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 and 2007, each fund’s portfolio turnover rates were as follows:

 

Fund

   Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30, 2007
    Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30, 2006
 

California Fund

   10 %   0 %

New York Fund

   11 %   5 %

In the event that portfolio turnover increases, this increase necessarily results in correspondingly greater transaction costs which must be paid by a fund. To the extent portfolio trading results in realization of net short-term capital gains, shareholders will be taxed on such gains at ordinary tax rates.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

For funds in the Legg Mason Partners family of funds, each fund’s board of trustees has adopted policies and procedures developed by LMPFA with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio securities and any ongoing arrangements to make available information about each fund’s portfolio securities. The policy requires that consideration always be given as to whether disclosure of information about any fund’s portfolio holdings is in the best interests of such fund’s shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest between the interests of the fund’s shareholders and those of LMPFA, the fund’s distributor, or its affiliates, be addressed in a manner that places the interests of fund shareholders first. The policy provides that information regarding a fund’s portfolio holdings may not be shared with non-Legg Mason employees, with investors or potential investors (whether individual or institutional), or with third parties unless it is done for legitimate fund business purposes and in accordance with the policy.

LMPFA’s policy generally provides for the release of details of securities positions once they are considered “stale.” Data is considered stale 25 calendar days following quarter-end for funds other than money market funds, and 25 calendar days following month-end with respect to money market funds. LMPFA believes that this passage of time prevents a third party from benefiting from an investment decision made by a fund that has not been fully reflected by the market.

Under the policy, a fund’s complete list of holdings (including the size of each position) may be made available to investors, potential investors, third parties and non-Legg Mason employees with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after calendar quarter-end, except in the case of a money market fund’s holdings, which may be released with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after month-end. Typically, simultaneous public disclosure is achieved by the filing of Form N-Q or Form N-CSR in accordance with SEC rules, provided that such filings may not be made until 25 days following quarter-end and/or posting the information to a Legg Mason or the funds’ Internet site that is accessible by the public, or through public release by a third party vendor.

The policy permits the release of limited portfolio holdings information that is not yet considered stale in a number of situations, including:

1. A fund’s top ten securities, current as of month-end, and the individual size of each such security position may be released at any time following month-end with simultaneous public disclosure.

2. A fund’s top ten securities positions (including the aggregate but not individual size of such positions) may be released at any time with simultaneous public disclosure.

3. A list of securities (that may include fund holdings together with other securities) followed by a portfolio manager (without position sizes or identification of particular funds) may be disclosed to sell-side brokers at any time for the purpose of obtaining research and/or market information from such brokers.

 

29


4. A trade in process may be discussed only with counterparties, potential counterparties and others involved in the transaction (i.e., brokers and custodians).

5. A fund’s sector weightings, yield and duration (for fixed income funds), performance attribution (e.g., analysis of the fund’s out-performance or underperformance of its benchmark based on its portfolio holdings) and other summary and statistical information that does not include identification of specific portfolio holdings may be released, even if non-public, if such release is otherwise in accordance with the policy’s general principles.

6. A fund’s portfolio holdings may be released on an as-needed basis to its legal counsel, counsel to its Independent Trustees (defined below) and its independent public accounting firm, in required regulatory filings or otherwise to governmental agencies and authorities.

Under the policy, if information about a fund’s portfolio holdings is released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party, a fund must have a legitimate business purpose for the release of the information, and either the party receiving the information must be under a duty of confidentiality, or the release of non-public information must be subject to trading restrictions and confidential treatment to prohibit the entity from sharing with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided. Neither a fund, nor Legg Mason, nor any other affiliated party may receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with such arrangements. Ongoing arrangements to make available information about a fund’s portfolio securities will be reviewed at least annually by a fund’s board of trustees.

The approval of a fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, or designee, must be obtained before entering into any new ongoing arrangement or altering any existing ongoing arrangement to make available portfolio holdings information, or with respect to any exceptions to the policy. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. Exceptions are considered on a case-by-case basis and are granted only after a thorough examination and consultation with LMPFA’s legal department, as necessary. Exceptions to the policies are reported annually to a fund’s board of trustees.

Currently, the funds typically disclose their complete portfolio holdings approximately 25 days after calendar quarter-end on Legg Mason’s website: http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors.

Set forth below is a list, as of August 31, 2007, of those parties with whom LMPFA, on behalf of each fund, has authorized ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holdings information, the frequency of the release under such arrangements and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The parties identified below as recipients are service providers, fund rating agencies, consultants and analysts.

 

Recipient

  

Frequency

  

Delay before dissemination

State Street Bank & Trust Co. (Fund Custodian and Accounting Agent)

   Daily    None

Institutional Shareholders Services (Proxy Voting Services)

   As necessary    None

Bloomberg

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Lipper

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

S&P

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Morningstar

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Vestek

   Daily    None

Factset

   Daily    None

The Bank of New York

   Daily    None

Thomson

   Semi-annually    None

Dataware

   Daily    None

ITG

   Daily    None

 

30


Portfolio holdings information for each fund may also be released from time to time pursuant to ongoing arrangements with the following parties:

 

Recipient

  

Frequency

  

Delay before dissemination

Baseline

   Daily    None

Frank Russell

   Monthly    1 Day

Callan

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Mercer

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

eVestment Alliance

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

CRA RogersCasey

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Cambridge Associates

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Marco Consulting

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Wilshire

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Informa Investment Services (Efron)

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

CheckFree (Mobius)

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Nelsons Information

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Investor Tools

   Daily    None

Advent

   Daily    None

BARRA

   Daily    None

Plexus

   Quarterly (Calendar)   

1-3 Business Days after Quarter-End

Elkins/McSherry

   Quarterly (Calendar)   

1-3 Business Days after Quarter-End

Quantitative Services Group

   Daily    None

AMBAC

   Daily    None

Deutsche Bank

   Monthly    6-8 Business Days

Fitch

   Monthly    6-8 Business Days

Liberty Hampshire

   Weekly and Month-End    None

Sun Trust

   Weekly and Month-End    None

New England Pension Consultants

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Evaluation Associates

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

Watson Wyatt

   Quarterly    25 Days after Quarter-End

S&P (Rating Agency)

   Weekly Tuesday Night*    1 Business Day*

Moody’s (Rating Agency)

  

Monthly*

   6-8 Business Days*

Electra Investment Systems

   Daily    None

SunGard

   Daily    None

 

* For a money market fund, the frequency of the release of information to this recipient may be weekly and there may be no delay in the release of the information.

INVESTMENT POLICIES

The Trust has adopted the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies below with respect to the funds for the protection of shareholders. Fundamental policies cannot be changed with respect to a fund without the vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the fund, which is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting power of the fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the voting power of the fund are present or by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of voting power of the fund. The Board may change the remaining non-fundamental restrictions at any time.

If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.

 

31


Fundamental Investment Policies

The Trust’s fundamental policies with respect to each fund are as follows:

1. The fund may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

2. The fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

3. The fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

4. The fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

5. The fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

6. The fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

7. Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the fund’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry.

8. The fund will not, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its assets (net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes), in its respective state investment grade municipal securities, or other investments with similar economic characteristics, the income from which is exempt from regular federal income taxes and its respective state personal income taxes.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowing, and thus, subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of a fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, a fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a fund’s net investment income in any given period. Currently the funds do not contemplate borrowing money for leverage, but if a fund does so, it will not likely do so to a substantial degree. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to permit a fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the

 

32


settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund’s investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“the 1933 Act”). Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) While lending securities may be a source of income to a fund, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the fund’s manager or a sub-adviser believes the income justifies the attendant risks. The funds also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. A fund would have to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC to make loans to other funds. The policy in (3) above will be interpreted not to prevent a fund from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities, except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of a fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased to the extent of the fund’s gross assets. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate; however, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including

 

33


environmental liabilities. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent a fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. If a fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy in (6) above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to investments in municipal securities set forth in (8) above, each fund considers any investment in municipal securities that pay interest subject to the AMT as part of the 80% of the fund’s assets to be invested in municipal securities.

The funds’ fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

Under the non-fundamental investment policies adopted by the Trust, each funds is prohibited from:

1. Purchasing any securities on margin (except for such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities) or sell any securities short (except “against the box”). For purposes of this restriction, the deposit or payment by the fund of underlying securities and other

 

34


assets in escrow and collateral agreements with respect to initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures contracts and related options and options on securities, indexes or similar items is not considered to be the purchase of a security on margin.

2. Investing in oil, gas or other mineral leases or exploration or development programs.

3. Writing or selling puts, calls, straddles, spreads or combinations of those transactions, except as permitted under the fund’s investment objective and policies.

4. Making investments for the purpose of exercising control of management.

MANAGEMENT

The business affairs of the funds are managed by or under the direction of the Board. The Board elects officers who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the funds and who execute policies authorized by the Board.

The current Trustees, including the Trustees of the fund who are not “interested persons” of the fund (the “Independent Trustees”), as defined in the 1940 Act, and executive officers of the fund, their years of birth, their principal occupations during at least the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of funds associated with Legg Mason the Trustees oversee, and other board memberships they hold are set forth below. The address of each Trustee is c/o R. Jay Gerken, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018.

The following information relates to the Trust’s recently elected Board of Trustees.

 

Name and

Year of Birth

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex

to be
Overseen

by Trustee
 

Other Board

Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Independent Trustees:

Elliott J. Berv

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   President and Chief Executive Officer, Catalyst (consulting) (since 1984); Chief Executive Officer, Rocket City Enterprises (media) (2000 to 2005)   68   Board Member, American Identity Corp. (doing business as Morpheus Technologies) (biometric information management) (since 2001); Director, Lapoint Industries (industrial filter company) (since 2002); Director, Alzheimer’s Association (New England Chapter) (since 1998)

 

35


Name and

Year of Birth

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex

to be
Overseen

by Trustee
 

Other Board

Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

A. Benton Cocanougher

Born 1938

  Trustee   Since 1991   Dean Emeritus and Professor, Texas A&M University (since 2004); former Interim Chancellor, Texas A&M University System (2003 to 2004); former Special Advisor to the President, Texas A&M University (2002 to 2003); former Dean and Professor of Marketing, College and Graduate School of Business of Texas A&M University (1987 to 2001)   68   None

Jane F. Dasher

Born 1949

  Trustee   Since 1999   Chief Financial Officer, Korsant Partners, LLC (a family investment company)   68   None

Mark T. Finn

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   Adjunct Professor, College of William & Mary (since 2002); Principal/Member, Balvan Partners (investment management) (since 2002); Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Owner, Vantage Consulting Group, Inc. (investment management) (since 1988); formerly, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer, Lindner Asset Management Company (mutual fund company) (1999 to 2001); formerly, General Partner and Shareholder, Greenwich Ventures LLC (investment partnership) (1996 to 2001)   68   None

Rainer Greeven

Born 1936

  Trustee   Since 1994   Attorney, Rainer Greeven PC; President and Director, 62nd Street East Corporation (real estate) (since 2002)   68   None

 

36


Name and

Year of Birth

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex

to be
Overseen

by Trustee
 

Other Board

Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Stephen Randolph Gross

Born 1947

  Trustee   Since 1986   Chairman, HLB Gross Collins, P.C. (accounting and consulting firm) (since 1979); Treasurer, Coventry Limited, Inc. (Senior Living Facilities) (since 1985); formerly, Managing Director, Fountainhead Ventures, L.L.C. (technology accelerator) (1998 to 2003); formerly, Treasurer, Hank Aaron Enterprises (fast food franchise) (1985 to 2001); formerly, Partner, Capital Investment Advisory Partners (leverage buyout consulting) (2000 to 2002); formerly, Secretary, Carint N.A. (manufacturing) (1998 to 2002)   68   Director, Andersen Calhoun (assisted living) (since 1987); formerly, Director, United Telesis, Inc. (telecommunications) (1997 to 2002); formerly, Director, ebank Financial Services, Inc. (1997 to 2004)

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since 1985   Retired; formerly, Headmaster, The New Atlanta Jewish Community High School, Atlanta, Georgia (1996 to 2000)   68   None

Diana R. Harrington

Born 1940

  Trustee   Since 1992   Professor, Babson College (since 1992)   68   None

Susan M. Heilbron

Born 1945

  Trustee   Since 1994   Independent Consultant (since 2001); formerly, President, Lacey & Heilbron (communications consulting) (1990 to 2002)   68   None

Susan B. Kerley

Born 1951

  Trustee   Since 1992   Investment Consulting Partner, Strategic Management Advisers, LLC (investment consulting) (since 1990)   68   Chairman and Independent Board Member of Eclipse Fund, Inc. and Eclipse Funds (which trade as Mainstay Funds) (currently supervises 16 investment companies in the fund complex) (since 1991)

 

37


Name and

Year of Birth

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex

to be
Overseen

by Trustee
 

Other Board

Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Alan G. Merten

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since
1990
  President, George Mason University (since 1996)   68   Director, Cardinal Financial Corporation (since November 2006); Trustee, First Potomac Realty Trust (since 2005); Director, Xybernaut Corporation (information technology) (2004 to 2006); Director, Digital Net Holdings, Inc. (2003 to 2004); Director, Comshare, Inc. (information technology) (1985 to 2003); Director, BTG, Inc. (information systems) (1997 to 2001)

R. Richardson Pettit

Born 1942

  Trustee   Since
1990
  Formerly, Duncan Professor of Finance, University of Houston (1977 to 2006)   68   None

 

38


Name and

Year of Birth

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of
Office* and
Length of

Time
Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  Number of
Funds
in Fund
Complex

to be
Overseen

by Trustee
 

Other Board

Memberships

Held by Trustee

During

Past 5 Years

Interested Trustee:

         

R. Jay Gerken, CFA

Born 1951

  Trustee,
President,
Chairman
and Chief
Executive
Officer
  Since 2002   Managing Director, Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Chairman of the Board and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Chairman, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and Citi Fund Management, Inc. (“CFM”) (2002 to 2005); formerly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)   137   Former Trustee, Consulting Group Capital Markets Funds (2002 to 2006)

 

*

Each Trustee serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.

**

Indicates the earliest year in which the Trustee became a board member for a fund in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

Mr. Gerken is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because of his position with the manager and/or certain of its affiliates.

 

Name, Year of Birth

and Address

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of Office*
and Length of
Time Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

Officers:

     

Ted P. Becker

Born 1951

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

  Chief Compliance
Officer
  Since 2006   Director of Global Compliance at Legg Mason, Inc. (since 2006); Managing Director of Compliance at Legg Mason & Co (since 2005); Chief Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006); Chief Compliance Officer of LMPFA and certain affiliates; Managing Director of Compliance at Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM,” a group of affiliated investment advisers, which included SBFM, Smith Barney Asset Management and CFM) and other affiliated investment advisory entities) (2002 to 2005)

 

39


Name, Year of Birth

and Address

  Position(s)
with Fund
  Term of Office*
and Length of
Time Served**
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

David Castano

Born 1971

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

  Controller   Since 2007   Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007). Previously, Assistant Treasurer of Lord Abbett mutual funds (2004 to 2006); Supervisor at UBS Global Asset Management (2003 to 2004). Prior to 2003, Accounting Manager at CAM

John Chiota

Born 1968

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

  Chief Anti-
Money
Laundering
Compliance
Officer
  Since 2006   Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Vice President at CAM (since 2004); Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006). Prior to August 2004, Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of TD Waterhouse

Robert I. Frenkel

Born 1954

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

  Secretary and

Chief Legal

Officer

  Since 2003   Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for CAM (since 2000); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2003). Previously, Secretary of CFM (2001 to 2004)

R. Jay Gerken, CFA

Born 1951

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

  Chairman,

President

and Chief

Executive

Officer

  Since 2002   Managing Director, Legg Mason & Co.; Chairman of the Board and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Chairman of SBFM and CFM (2002 to 2005). Previously, formerly Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)

Frances M. Guggino

Born 1957

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

  Treasurer
and

Chief
Financial

Officer

  Since 2004   Director of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Director at CAM (1992 to 2005); Treasurer and/ or Controller of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with CAM (1992 to 2005)

Thomas C. Mandia

Born 1962

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

  Assistant

Secretary

  Since 2000   Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel for CAM (since 1992); Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co.

Matthew Plastina

Born 1970

55 Water Street

New York, NY 10041

  Controller   Since 2007  

Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason or its predecessor (since 1999); Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007). Previously, Assistant Controller

of certain mutual funds associated with

Legg Mason (2002 to 2007)

 

*

Each officer serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.

**

Indicates the earliest year in which the officer took office for any funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

 

40


Officers of the funds receive no compensation from the funds, although they may be reimbursed by the funds for reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses for attending Board meetings.

The Board has four standing Committees: the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Investment and Performance Committee (referred to as the Performance Committee) and Pricing Committee. Each of the Audit, Governance and Performance Committees is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Pricing Committee is composed of the Chairman of the Board and one Independent Trustee.

The Audit Committee oversees, among other things, the scope of the funds’ audit, the funds’ accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The primary purposes of the Board’s Audit Committee are to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the funds, and the qualifications and independence of the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the funds by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm to the manager and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the funds’ operations and financial reporting.

The Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, recommending candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Governance Committee may consider nominees recommended by a shareholder. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Trust’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders.

The Governance Committee also identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts and may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The committee does not have specific, minimum qualifications for nominees, nor has it established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee, the Governance Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:

 

   

whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee;

 

   

whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with fund management, the investment adviser, service providers or their affiliates;

 

   

whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes;

 

   

whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee;

 

   

the contribution which the person can make to the Board (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the committee may consider relevant;

 

   

the character and integrity of the person; and

 

   

whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the retirement policies of the Trust, as applicable.

 

41


The Performance Committee is charged with, among other things, reviewing investment performance. The Performance Committee also assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for the review and negotiation of the funds’ investment management and subadvisory arrangements.

The Pricing Committee is charged with determining the fair value prices for securities when required.

As indicated above, the Trust’s Board is recently elected and is newly constituted as the Board that oversees all of the fixed-income-type funds in the fund complex. All members of the Board previously have served on predecessors to the Boards of Legg Mason Partners funds. The newly constituted Board met four times during the funds’ last fiscal year. The Audit, Governance, Performance and Pricing Committees met two, two, two and six times, respectively, during the funds’ last fiscal year.

The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the fund and other investment companies in the fund complex supervised by the Trustees as of December 31, 2007.

 

Name

     Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities
in the
California Fund
     Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities
in the
New York Fund
   Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities In
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen
by Trustee
Independent Trustees:             
Elliott J. Berv      None      None    None
A. Benton Cocanougher      None      None    Over $100,000
Jane F. Dasher      None      None    Over $100,000
Mark T. Finn      None      None    Over $100,000
Rainer Greeven      None      None    $10,001 - $50,000
Stephen Randolph Gross      None      None    None
Richard E. Hanson, Jr.      None      None    Over $100,000
Diana R. Harrington      None      None    $10,001 - $50,000
Susan M. Heilbron      None      None    $10,001 - $50,000
Susan B. Kerley      None      None    Over $100,000
Alan G. Merten      None      None    Over $100,000
R. Richardson Pettit      None      None    Over $100,000
Interested Trustee:             
R. Jay Gerken      None      None    Over $100,000

As of February 15, 2008, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the manager, Western Asset or LMIS, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the manager, the subadviser or the distributor of the funds.

Information regarding compensation paid by the funds to their recently elected Board and to their prior Board is set forth below. The Independent Trustees receive a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meetings attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. Mr. Gerken, an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, does not receive compensation from the fund for his service as Trustee, but may be reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.

Each fund pays a pro rata share of the Trustee fees based upon asset size. Each fund currently pays each of the Trustees who is not a director, officer or employee of the manager or any of its affiliates its pro rata share of: an annual fee of $160,000, plus $20,000 for each regularly scheduled Board meeting attended in person and $2,500 for certain telephonic Board and committee meetings in which that Trustee participates. The lead Independent Trustee will receive an additional $25,000 per year and the chairs of the Audit Committee and Performance Committee will each receive an additional $15,000 per year.

 

42


Recently Elected Board

Information as to compensation paid to the current Trustees by the fund for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 and the total compensation from the fund complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2007 is shown in the following tables.

 

Name

  Aggregate
Compensation for
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
  Total Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Paid
as Part of Fund
Expenses for
Fiscal Year Ended

November 30, 2007
  Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex Paid to
Trustee for Calendar
Year Ended

December 31, 2007
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by
Trustee for Fiscal
Year Ended

November 30, 2007
  California
Fund
  New
York Fund
     

Independent Trustees:

         

Elliott J. Berv

  $61   $100   (1)   $506,630   68

A. Benton Cocanougher

  $68   $112   (1)   $725,864   68

Jane F. Dasher

  $62   $100   $0   $202,625   68

Mark T. Finn

  $61   $100   (1)   $505,579   68

Rainer Greeven

  $61   $100   $0   $188,500   68

Stephen Randolph Gross

  $65   $107   (1)   $529,413   68

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

  $61   $100   $0   $160,500   68

Diana R. Harrington

  $65   $105   (1)   $556,295   68

Susan M. Heilbron

  $61   $100   $0   $190,500   68

Susan B. Kerley

  $61   $100   (1)   $417,484   68

Alan G. Merten

  $61   $100   (1)   $604,757   68

R. Richardson Pettit

  $60   $  98   (1)   $620,476   68

Interested Trustee:

         

R. Jay Gerken(2)

  $  0   $0     $0   $                0   137

 

(1)

Pursuant to prior retirement plans, certain Trustees have received or are entitled to receive benefits as follows: Mr. Berv: $307,130; Mr. Cocanougher: $503,114; Mr. Finn: $306,079; Mr. Gross: $318,788; Ms. Harrington: $348,670; Ms. Kerley: $217,984; Mr. Merten: $405,257; and Mr. Pettit: $424,976. Each fund formerly overseen by these Trustees will pay a pro rata share (based upon asset size) of these benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed these funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits.

(2)

Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his services as a Trustee because of his affiliation with the manager.

Prior Board

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the former trustees of the funds were paid the compensation listed below for service as a trustee.

 

     Aggregate
Compensation from
each Fund for
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Total Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Paid as Part of
Fund Expenses for

Fiscal
Year Ended
November 30, 2007

Name

   California
Fund
   New York
Fund
  

Independent Trustees:

        

Dwight B. Crane

   $462    $637     (1)

Burt N. Dorsett

   $169    $270     (1)

Stephen E. Kaufman

   $388    $502     (1)

Cornelius C. Rose, Jr.

   $461    $616     (1)

Interested Trustee:

        

R. Jay Gerken(2)

   $0    $0    $0

 

43


 

(1)

Pursuant to prior emeritus retirement plans, the following former trustees have received or are entitled to receive benefits (calculated on a net present value basis) as follows: Mr. Barg: $392,886; Mr. Brody: $288,359; Mr. Crane: $444,643; Mr. Dorsett: $286,616; Mr. Jaffee: $286,616; Mr. Kaufman: $425,147; Mr. McCann: $221,176; and Mr. Rose: $286,616. Benefits under the emeritus retirement plans are paid in quarterly installments unless the trustee elected to receive them in a lump sum at net present value. Each fund no longer overseen by these trustees will pay its pro rata share (based on asset size) of these aggregate benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed the funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits.

(2)

Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his services as a trustee because of his affiliation with the manager.

As of February 15, 2008, all Trustees and officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each fund.

To the knowledge of the funds, as of February 21, 2008, the following persons owned beneficially or of record 5% or more, as indicated, of the shares of the following Classes of each fund.

 

Fund

   Class   

Name and Address

   Percent
of
Class
 

New York Fund

   C   

Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc.

Mutual Fund Operations

Harborside Financial Center

Plaza Two

Jersey City, NJ 07311

   5.3 %

California Fund

   A   

Leonard H. Stoll & Jean

Stoll TTEES of the Stoll

Family Trust

433 S Oakhurst Dr

Beverly Hills, CA 90212-4707

   6.1 %
   A   

Leonard W. Harman, Barry W. Harman

Dawn H. Cook, Trustees

Leon W. and Arline T. Harman

Family Trust

26510 Altamont Road

Los Altos Hills, CA 94022-4361

   5.7 %
   I   

Anthony S. Wong & Mandy Tang

Wong, TTEES FBO the Amp Wong

Family Trust U/A/D 12/08/89

1071 Piedmont Drive

Sacramento, CA 95822-1703

   56.5 %
   I   

Anita L. Boling TTEE

FBO Boling Family Living Trust

U/A/D 06-23-2000

P.O. Box 1930

Claremont, CA 91711-8930

   25.3 %

 

44


Fund

   Class   

Name and Address

   Percent
of
Class
 
   I   

Douglas D. Gammon

Kathleen R. Gammon TTEE

U/A/D 07/29/99

FBO DD& KR G. Trst Tencom

456 Gabilan St #6

Los Altos, CA 94022-4005

   13.02 %
   I   

Ms. Katherine Holden TTEE

FBO Separate Property Trust

U/A/D 08-19-1998

IIS-SB Advisor

HC1, Box 1200

Joshua Tree, CA 92252-9728

   5.05 %
   C   

James R. Laird

Janet C. Laird TTEE

U/A/D 12/12/02

FBO Laird Family Trust

647 Valparaiso Dr.

Claremont, CA 91711-1583

   7.6 %
   C   

Robert J. Hadley

Michael S. Russell TTEE

U/A/D 08/21/96

FBO Robert J. Hadley

4720 N. Winners Circle, Unit B

Palm Springs, CA 92264-5866

   5.1 %

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

Manager

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) serves as investment manager to each fund pursuant to a Management Agreement. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, also serves as the investment manager of certain other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. As of December 31, 2007, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $193 billion. LMPFA is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of December 31, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operation had aggregate assets under management of approximately $998 billion. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to each fund.

Under each Management Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board, the manager is delegated the responsibility of managing the fund’s portfolio in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective and policies, making investment decisions for the fund and placing orders to purchase and sell securities. The manager also performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of each fund, such as (i) supervising the overall administration of the fund, including negotiation of contracts and fees with and the monitoring of performance and billings of the fund’s transfer agent, shareholder servicing agents, custodian and other independent contractors or agents, (ii) providing certain compliance, fund accounting, regulatory reporting, and tax reporting services, (iii) preparing or participating in the preparation of Board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to shareholders,

 

45


(iv) maintaining the fund’s existence, and (v) maintaining the registration and qualification of the fund’s shares under federal and state laws.

Each Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees, with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose.

Each Management Agreement provides that the manager may render services to others. Each Management Agreement is terminable without penalty on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice by the fund when authorized either by a vote of holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) or by a vote of a majority of the fund’s Trustees, or by the manager on not less than 90 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment as defined in the 1940 Act. Each Management Agreement provides that neither the manager nor its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of security transactions for the fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of its or their obligations and duties.

For its services under each Management Agreement, LMPFA receives an investment management fee equal to 0.50% of a fund’s average daily net assets calculated daily and payable monthly.

For the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006, SBFM served as the manager to each fund under the same fee schedule described above.

Prior to December 1, 2005 as compensation for investment management services, each fund paid SBFM a fee computed daily and paid monthly at the annual rate of 0.30% of the fund’s average daily net assets and each fund also paid the manager a fee (computed on the same basis) of 0.20% of the fund’s average daily net assets as compensation for administrative services rendered by SBFM.

For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the management fees for the California Fund were as follows:

 

     Management
Fees
Accrued
   Waivers and/or
Expense
Reimbursements
   Net
Management
Fees Paid
 

2007

   $ 321,619    $ 64,324    $ 257,295  

2006

   $ 368,932    $ 78,943    $ 289,989 (1)

2005

   $ 267,189    $ 89,063    $ 178,126  

 

 

(1)

The California Fund accrued management fees of $93,995 with respect to the management services provided by LMPFA for the period from August 1, 2006 through November 30, 2006. The California Fund accrued management fees of $195,994 with respect to the management services provided by SBFM for the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006.

For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the management fees for the New York Fund were as follows:

 

     Management
Fees
Accrued
   Waivers and/or
Expense
Reimbursements
   Net
Management
Fees Paid
 

2007

   $ 524,241    $ 41,939    $ 482,302  

2006

   $ 588,979    $ 55,353    $ 533,626 (1)

2005

   $ 445,404    $ 59,387    $ 386,017  

 

 

(1)

The New York Fund accrued management fees of $187,053 with respect to the management services provided by LMPFA for the period from August 1, 2006 through November 30, 2006. The New York Fund accrued management fees of $401,926 with respect to the management services provided by SBFM for the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006.

 

46


For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the California Fund paid SBFM the following administration fees:

 

     Administration
Fees Paid

2007

     N/A

2006

     N/A

2005

   $ 178,126

For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the New York Fund paid SBFM the following administration fees:

 

     Administration
Fees Paid

2007

     N/A

2006

     N/A

2005

   $ 296,936

Subadviser

Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “subadviser”) serves as the subadviser to each fund pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset acts as investment adviser to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of December 31, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion. Western Asset is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.

Under each Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board and the manager, the subadviser will manage a fund’s portfolio (or allocated portion thereof) in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective and policies, assist in supervising all aspects of the fund’s operations, make investment decisions for the fund, place orders to purchase and sell securities, and employ professional portfolio managers and securities analysts who provide research services to the fund.

Each Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees, with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement without penalty, in each case on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the subadviser. The subadviser may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement on 90 days’ written notice to a fund and the manager. The manager and the subadviser may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement upon their mutual written consent. A Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of assignment (as defined by the 1940 Act) by the subadviser and shall not be assignable by the manager without the consent of the subadviser.

As compensation for its sub-advisory services, the manager will pay the subadviser a fee equal to 70% of the management fee paid to LMPFA by each fund, net of expense waivers and reimbursements. For the period from August 1, 2006 through November 30, 2006 and for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, the manager paid the subadviser sub-advisory fees of $65,821 and $180,156, respectively, for the California Fund and $120,462 and $337,611, respectively, for the New York Fund.

Expenses

In addition to amounts payable under each Management Agreement and the Distribution Plan (as discussed below), each fund is responsible for its own expenses, including, among other things: interest; taxes;

 

47


governmental fees; voluntary assessments and other expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; organization costs of the fund; the cost (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any) in connection with the purchase or sale of the fund’s securities and other investments and any losses in connection therewith; fees and expenses of custodians, transfer agents, registrars, independent pricing vendors or other agents; legal expenses; loan commitment fees; expenses relating to share certificates; expenses relating to the issuing and redemption or repurchase of the fund’s shares and servicing shareholder accounts; expenses of registering and qualifying the fund’s shares for sale under applicable federal and state law; expenses of preparing, setting in print, printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information and any supplements thereto, reports, proxy statements, notices and dividends to the fund’s shareholders; costs of stationery; website costs; costs of meetings of the Board or any committee thereof, meetings of shareholders and other meetings of the fund; Board fees; audit fees; travel expenses of officers, Trustees and employees of the fund, if any; and the fund’s pro rata portion of premiums on any fidelity bond and other insurance covering the fund and its officers, Trustees and employees; litigation expenses and any nonrecurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the fund is a party and the legal obligation which the fund may have to indemnify the fund’s Trustees and officers with respect thereto.

Management may agree to waive fees and/or reimburse operating expenses for one or more classes of shares, either through contractual or voluntary arrangements. Any such waivers and/ or reimbursements are described in a fund’s prospectus. The contractual and voluntary fee waivers and/ or reimbursements do not cover extraordinary expenses, such as (a) any expenses or charges related to litigation, derivative actions, demand related to litigation, regulatory or other government investigations and proceedings, “for cause” regulatory inspections and indemnification or advancement of related expenses or costs, to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time, (b) transaction costs (such as brokerage commissions and dealer and underwriter spreads) and taxes, and (c) other extraordinary expenses as determined for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time. Without limiting the foregoing, extraordinary expenses are generally those that are unusual or expected to recur only infrequently, and may include such expenses, by way of illustration, as (i) expenses of the reorganization, restructuring, redomiciling or merger of a fund or class or the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of another fund or class, (ii) expenses of holding, and soliciting proxies for, a meeting of shareholders of the fund or class (except to the extent relating to routine items such as the election of board members or the approval of the independent registered public accounting firm), and (iii) expenses of converting to a new custodian, transfer agent or other service provider, in each case to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time.

Code of Ethics

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Trust, the manager, the subadviser and the distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics that permit personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by each fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the Code of Ethics and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.

Copies of the Codes of Ethics of the Trust, the manager, the subadviser and the distributor are on file with the SEC.

Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures

Although individual Trustees may not agree with particular policies or votes by the manager or the subadviser, the Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to the manager and/or the subadviser, believing that

 

48


the manager and/or the subadviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

LMPFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for each fund to the subadviser through its contracts with the subadviser. The subadviser will use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, LMPFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for the funds. Should LMPFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of the subadviser to provide investment advisory services, LMPFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent subadviser to vote proxies until a new subadviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of LMPFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at LMPFA) and a fund, the Board of Directors of LMPFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. LMPFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that LMPFA votes proxies. LMPFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from the subadviser and providing them to each fund as required for each fund to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.

The subadviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures govern in determining how proxies relating to a fund’s portfolio securities are voted and are attached as Appendix E to this SAI. Information regarding how each fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge (1) by calling (888) 425-6432, (2) on the funds’ website at http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors, and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, has been selected to audit and report on each fund’s financial statements and financial highlights for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2008.

Counsel

Bingham McCutchan LLP, located at 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as counsel to each fund.

Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at 1666 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, serves as counsel to the Independent Trustees.

Custodian and Transfer Agent

State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the custodian of the funds. State Street, among other things: maintains a custody account or accounts in the name of each fund; receives and delivers all assets for the fund upon purchase and upon sale or maturity; collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the assets of the funds; and makes disbursements on behalf of the funds. State Street neither determines the funds’ investment policies, nor decides which securities the funds will buy or sell. For its services, State Street receives a monthly fee based upon the daily average market value of securities held in custody and also receives securities transaction charges, including out-of-pocket expenses. Each fund may also periodically enter into arrangements with other qualified custodians with respect to certain types of securities or other transactions such as repurchase agreements or derivatives transactions. State Street may also act as each fund’s securities lending agent, and in that case, would receive a share of the income generated by such activities.

PFPC Inc. (“PFPC” or the “transfer agent”), located at 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, serves as each fund’s transfer agent. Under the transfer agency agreement, the transfer agent maintains the shareholder account records for each fund, handles certain communications between

 

49


shareholders and each fund and distributes dividends and distributions payable by each fund. For these services, the transfer agent receives a monthly fee computed on the basis of the number of shareholder accounts it maintains for each fund during the month, and is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses.

Distributor

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS” or the “distributor”), a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, located at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as each fund’s sole and exclusive distributor pursuant to a written agreement dated December 1, 2005 (as amended, the “Distribution Agreement”). Prior to December 1, 2007, CGMI, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Citigroup, served as distributor along with LMIS.

The distributor’s obligation is an agency or “best efforts” arrangement under which the distributor is required to take and pay only for such shares of each fund as may be sold to the public. The distributor is not obligated to sell any stated number of shares. The Distribution Agreement is renewable from year to year if approved by (a) the Trustees, or by a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of a fund’s outstanding voting securities, and (b) by the affirmative vote of a majority of Independent Trustees who are not parties to such agreement by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Distribution Agreement provides that it will terminate if assigned, and that it may be terminated without penalty by either party on 60 days’ written notice.

In addition, the distributor may make payments for distribution and/or shareholder servicing activities out of its past profits and other available sources. The distributor may also make payments to dealers for marketing, promotional or related expenses. The amount of these payments is determined by the distributor and may be substantial. The manager or an affiliate may make similar payments under similar arrangements.

LMIS may be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act.

Initial Sales Charge Commissions on Class A Shares. For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the aggregate dollar amounts of initial sales charges on Class A shares received by LMIS and CGMI are as follows:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005

Fund

   CGMI and LMIS    CGMI and LMIS    CGMI

California Fund

   $ 3,192    $ 2,571    $ 29,644

New York Fund

   $ 10,248    $ 11,137    $ 30,383

Initial Sales Charge Commissions on Class O Shares. On November 20, 2006, all Class O shares converted to Class A shares. No initial sales charges were received with respect to Class O shares for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 and 2005.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges on Class A Shares. For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the following contingent deferred sales charges were paid to LMIS and CGMI on redemptions of the funds’ shares:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005

Fund

   CGMI and LMIS    CGMI and LMIS    CGMI

California Fund

   $ 6,168    $ 0    $ 0

New York Fund

   $ 6,168    $ 4,624    $ 4,972

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges on Class B Shares. On November 20, 2006, all Class B shares converted to Class A shares. No contingent deferred sales charges were received with respect to Class B shares for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 or 2005.

 

50


Contingent Deferred Sales Charges on Class O Shares. On November 20, 2006, all Class O shares converted to Class A shares. For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 and 2005, the following contingent deferred sales charges were paid to LMIS and CGMI on redemptions of the funds’ shares:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005

Fund

   CGMI and LMIS    CGMI

California Fund

   $ 195    $ 0

New York Fund

   $ 0    $ 244

Class B shares have no initial sales charge. Class C, Class FI and Class I shares have no initial sales charge and no contingent deferred sales charge.

Services and Distribution Plan Arrangements

The Trust has adopted an amended shareholder services and distribution plan (the “Distribution Plan”) pursuant to Rule l2b-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to its Class A, Class C and Class FI shares of each fund. Under the Distribution Plan, each fund pays service and distribution fees to LMIS for the services LMIS provides and expenses LMIS bears with respect to the distribution of Class A, Class C and Class FI shares and services LMIS provides to Class A, Class C and Class FI shareholders. The distributor will provide the Board with periodic reports of amounts expended under the Distribution Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Under the Distribution Plan, each fund may pay monthly fees at an annual rate not to exceed 0.15% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class A shares, not to exceed 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class C shares and not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the fund attributable to that class in the case of Class FI shares.

Fees under the Distribution Plan may be used to make payments to the distributor for distribution services, to Service Agents in respect of the sale of shares of each fund, and to other parties in respect of the sale of shares of each fund, and to make payments for advertising, marketing or other promotional activity, and payments for preparation, printing, and distribution of prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports for recipients other than regulators and existing shareholders. Each fund also may make payments to the distributor, Service Agents and others for providing personal service or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The amounts paid to each recipient may vary based upon certain factors, including, among other things, the levels of sales of fund shares and/or shareholder services provided; provided, however, that the fees paid to a recipient with respect to a particular class that may be used to cover expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of that class, or that may be used to cover expenses primarily intended for personal service and/or maintenance of shareholder accounts, may not exceed the maximum amounts, if any, as may from time to time be permitted for such services under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Conduct Rule 2830 or any successor rule, in each case as amended or interpreted by FINRA.

The Distribution Plan also provides that the distributor and Service Agents may receive all or a portion of the sales charges paid by Class A, Class C and Class FI investors.

The Distribution Plan permits each fund to pay fees to the distributor, Service Agents and others as compensation for their services, not as reimbursement for specific expenses incurred. Thus, even if their expenses exceed the fees provided for by the Distribution Plan, the funds will not be obligated to pay more than those fees and, if their expenses are less than the fees paid to them, they will realize a profit. Each fund may pay the fees to the distributor and others until the Distribution Plan or Distribution Agreement is terminated or not renewed. In that event, the distributor’s or other recipient’s expenses in excess of fees received or accrued through the termination date will be the distributor’s or other recipient’s sole responsibility and not obligations of the fund. In their annual consideration of the continuation of the Distribution Plan for each fund, the Trustees will review the Distribution Plan and the expenses for each class within the fund separately.

The Distribution Plan also recognizes that various service providers to the funds, such as the manager, may make payments for distribution related expenses out of their own resources, including past profits, or payments

 

51


received from each fund for other purposes, such as management fees, and that the funds’ distributor or Service Agents may from time to time use their own resources for distribution-related services, in addition to the fees paid under the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan specifically provides that, to the extent that such payments might be deemed to be indirect financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of each fund within the context of Rule 12b-1, then the payments are deemed to be authorized by the Distribution Plan, if permitted by law.

Under its terms, the Distribution Plan continues in effect for one year and thereafter for successive annual periods, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the amount of the service and distribution fees without shareholder approval, and all amendments of the Distribution Plan also must be approved by the Trustees, including all of the Independent Trustees, in the manner described above. The Distribution Plan may be terminated with respect to a class of each fund at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such class of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act).

As contemplated by the Distribution Plan, the distributor acts as an agent of the Trust in connection with the offering of shares of each fund pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.

The following service and distribution fees were incurred by each fund pursuant to the Distribution Plan in effect during the periods indicated:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2006
   Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2005

California Fund:

        

Class A

   $ 79,379    $ 83,547    $ 97,488

Class B*

     N/A    $ 3,604    $ 4,538

Class C

   $ 81,845    $ 100,021    $ 134,543

Class O*

     N/A    $ 13,188    $ 17,596

New York Fund:

        

Class A

   $ 137,505    $ 142,613    $ 179,270

Class B*

     N/A    $ 6,460    $ 7,297

Class C

   $ 98,833    $ 118,490    $ 152,260

Class O*

     N/A    $ 20,682    $ 26,358

 

* On November 20, 2006, all Class B shares and Class O shares converted to Class A shares.

Distribution expenses incurred by LMIS and/or CGMI, as applicable, for advertising, printing and mailing prospectuses, support services and overhead expenses, payments to their financial advisers or registered representative and for accruals for interest on expenses incurred in the distribution of the fund’s shares for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 are set forth in the following tables:

 

     Class      Financial
Consultant
Compensation
     Third Party
Service Fees
     Branch
Operating
Expenses
     Marketing
Distribution
     Printing
Expenses
     Total
Expenses

California Fund:

                                

CGMI

   A      $ 23,958      $ 0      $ 34,247      $ 0      $ 0      $ 58,205
   C      $ 26,988      $ 0      $ 38,660      $ 0      $ 0      $ 65,648

LMIS

   A      $ 0      $ 20,453        N/A      $ 0      $ 0      $ 20,453
   C      $ 3,150      $ 6,135        N/A      $ 1,115      $ 1,353      $ 11,753

 

52


     Class      Financial
Consultant
Compensation
     Third Party
Service Fees
     Branch
Operating
Expenses
     Marketing
Distribution
     Printing
Expenses
     Total
Expenses

New York Fund:

                             

CGMI

   A      $ 35,250      $ 0      $ 52,689      $ 0      $ 0      $ 87,939
   C      $ 31,201      $ 0      $ 45,519      $ 0      $ 0      $ 76,720

LMIS

   A      $ 0      $ 44,730        N/A      $ 0      $ 0      $ 44,730
   C      $ 4,189      $ 8,127        N/A      $ 4,055      $ 592      $ 16,963

Dealer reallowances are described in each fund’s prospectus.

PORTFOLIO MANAGER DISCLOSURE

The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for each fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of November 30, 2007.

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies for each portfolio manager, the number of accounts (other than the fund with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. Unless otherwise noted, no accounts shown were subject to fees based on performance.

 

Fund

 

Portfolio
Manager

 

Registered Investment
Companies

 

Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

New York Fund   S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management   245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management   1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)
  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management   245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management   1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

 

53


Fund

 

Portfolio
Manager

 

Registered Investment
Companies

 

Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Robert E. Amodeo   23 registered investment companies with $21.2 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management   22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)
 

Joseph P. Deane

 

23 registered investment companies with $21.2 billion in total assets under management

 

1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management

 

22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

 

David T. Fare

 

23 registered investment companies with $21.2 billion in total assets under management

 

1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management

 

22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

California Fund

  S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management   245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management   1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

 

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Fund

 

Portfolio
Manager

 

Registered Investment
Companies

 

Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $120.7 billion in total assets under management   245 other pooled investment vehicles with $220.1 billion in assets under management   1,063 other accounts with $302.3 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.8 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee)
  Robert E. Amodeo   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management   22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)
  Joseph P. Deane   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management   22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)
  David T. Fare   23 registered investment companies with $21.3 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.8 billion in assets under management   22 other accounts with $1.9 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $340.1 million in total assets under management pay a performance fee)

Portfolio Manager Compensation

Western Asset’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation “target” and a respective cap, which are derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits, and a retirement plan.

 

55


In addition, the subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. One of the principal factors considered is a portfolio manager’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s prospectus to which the fund’s average annual total returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s annual report). Performance is reviewed on a 1, 3 and 5 year basis for compensation—with 3 years having the most emphasis. The subadviser may also measure a portfolio manager’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because portfolio managers are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the funds) with similar investment strategies, they are generally compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account, though relative performance against the stated benchmark and its applicable Lipper group is also considered. A smaller portion of a bonus payment is derived from factors that include client service, business development, length of service to the subadviser, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to the subadviser’s business.

Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These were determined based upon the factors described above and include Legg Mason stock options and long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.

Potential Conflicts of Interest

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a fund’s portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for all the portfolio managers listed in the table above.

The manager, the subadviser and the funds have adopted compliance polices and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the manager, the subadviser and the individuals that they employ. For example, the manager and the subadviser each seek to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The manager and the subadviser have also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the manager, the subadviser and the funds will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear. These potential conflicts include:

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

 

56


Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or account that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio managers determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages.

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to a portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or a portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment advisor and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

Related Business Opportunities. The investment manager or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of funds or accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of fund and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the investment manager and its affiliates.

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

The table below identifies ownership of fund securities by each portfolio manager.

 

Fund

  

Portfolio Manager

   Dollar Range of
Ownership of Securities
in the Fund

New York Fund

  

S. Kenneth Leech

   None
  

Stephen A. Walsh

   None
  

Robert E. Amodeo

   None
  

Joseph P. Deane

   None
  

David T. Fare

   None

California Fund

  

S. Kenneth Leech

   None
  

Stephen A. Walsh

   None
  

Robert E. Amodeo

   None
  

Joseph P. Deane

   None
  

David T. Fare

   None

 

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PURCHASE OF SHARES

General

Investors may purchase shares from a Service Agent. In addition, certain investors may purchase shares directly from a fund. When purchasing shares of a fund, investors must specify whether the purchase is for Class A, C, FI or I* shares. Service Agents may charge their customers an annual account maintenance fee in connection with a brokerage account through which an investor purchases or holds shares. Accounts held directly the transfer agent are not subject to a maintenance fee.

For additional information regarding applicable investment minimums and eligibility requirements, please see each fund’s prospectus.

There are no minimum investment requirements for purchases of Class A shares by: (i) current and retired board members of Legg Mason; (ii) current and retired board members of any fund advised by LMPFA (such board members, together with board members of Legg Mason, are referred to herein as “Board Members”); (iii) current employees of Legg Mason and its subsidiaries; (iv) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21); and (v) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons. Each fund reserves the right to waive or change minimums, to decline any order to purchase its shares and to suspend the offering of shares from time to time.

Purchase orders received by a fund or a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on any day a fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day (the “trade date”). Orders received by a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE on any day the fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day, provided the order is received by a fund’s agent prior to its close of business. Payment must be made with the purchase order.

Systematic Investment Plan. Shareholders may make additions to their accounts at any time by purchasing shares through a service known as the Systematic Investment Plan. Under the Systematic Investment Plan, the distributor or the transfer agent is authorized through preauthorized transfers of at least $25 on a monthly, quarterly, every alternate month, semi-annual or annual basis to charge the shareholder’s account held with a bank or other financial institution as indicated by the shareholder, to provide for systematic additions to the shareholder’s fund account. A shareholder who has insufficient funds to complete the transfer will be charged a fee of up to $25 by the distributor or the transfer agent. Additional information is available from each fund or a Service Agent.

Sales Charge Alternatives

The following classes of shares are available for purchase. See the applicable fund’s prospectus for a discussion of who is eligible to purchase certain classes and of factors to consider in selecting which class of shares to purchase.

Class A Shares. Class A shares are sold to investors at the public offering price, which is the net asset value (“NAV”) plus an initial sales charge, as described in each fund’s prospectus.

Members of the selling group may receive a portion of the sales charge as described in the fund’s prospectus and may be deemed to be underwriters of the fund as defined in the 1933 Act. Sales charges are calculated based on the aggregate of purchases of Class A shares of the fund made at one time by any “person,” which includes an individual and his or her spouse and children under the age of 21, or a trustee or other fiduciary of a single trust estate or single fiduciary account. For additional information regarding sales charge reductions, see “Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions” below.

 

 

*

As of November 20, 2006, Class Y Shares were renamed Class I Shares.

 

58


Purchases of Class A shares of $500,000 or more will be made at NAV without any initial sales charge, but will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge of 0.50% on redemptions made within 12 months of purchase. The contingent deferred sales charge is waived in certain circumstances. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions” and “Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” below.

Class C, FI and I Shares. Class C, FI and I shares are sold at NAV with no initial sales charge and no contingent deferred sales charge upon redemption.

Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions

Initial Sales Charge Waivers. Purchases of Class A shares may be made at NAV without an initial sales charge in the following circumstances:

(a) sales to (i) current and retired board members of Legg Mason, (ii) current and retired Board Members, (iii) current employees of Legg Mason and its subsidiaries, (iv) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21), and (v) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons;

(b) sales to any employees of Service Agents having dealer, service or other selling agreements with the funds’ distributor or otherwise having an arrangement with any such Service Agent with respect to sales of fund shares, and by the immediate families of such persons or by a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons (providing the purchase is made for investment purposes and such securities will not be resold except through redemption or repurchase);

(c) offers of Class A shares to any other investment company to effect the combination of such company with the fund by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise;

(d) purchases by shareholders who have redeemed Class A shares in the fund (or Class A shares of another Legg Mason Partners fund that is offered with a sales charge) and who wish to reinvest their redemption proceeds in the fund, provided the reinvestment is made within 60 calendar days of the redemption;

(e) purchases by accounts managed by registered investment advisory subsidiaries of Citigroup;

(f) purchases by certain separate accounts used to fund unregistered variable annuity contracts; and

(g) purchases by investors participating in “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by (affiliated and non-affiliated) broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with LMIS.

In order to obtain such discounts, the purchaser must provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to permit verification that the purchase qualifies for the elimination of the sales charge.

Accumulation Privilege—Please see each fund’s prospectus for information regarding accumulation privileges.

Letter of Intent—helps you take advantage of breakpoints in Class A sales charges. You may purchase Class A shares of Legg Mason Partners funds over a 13-month period and pay the same sales charge, if any, as if all shares had been purchased at once. You have a choice of three Asset Level Goal amounts, as follows:

 

(1)        $100,000   
(2)        $250,000   
(3)        $500,000   

 

59


Each time you make a Class A purchase under a Letter of Intent, you will be entitled to the sales charge that is applicable to the amount of your Asset Level Goal. For example, if your Asset Level Goal is $100,000, any Class A investments you make under a Letter of Intent would be subject to the sales charge of the specific fund you are investing in for purchases of $100,000. Sales charges and breakpoints vary among the Legg Mason Partners funds.

When you enter into a Letter of Intent, you agree to purchase in Eligible Accounts over a thirteen (13) month period Eligible Fund Purchases in an amount equal to the Asset Level Goal you have selected, less any Eligible Prior Purchases. For this purpose, shares are valued at the public offering price (including any sales charge paid) calculated as of the date of purchase, plus any appreciation in the value of the shares as of the date of calculation, except for Eligible Prior Purchases, which are valued at current value as of the date of calculation. Your commitment will be met if at any time during the 13-month period the value, as so determined, of eligible holdings is at least equal to your Asset Level Goal. All reinvested dividends and distributions on shares acquired under the Letter will be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. You may include any Eligible Fund Purchases towards the Letter, including shares of classes other than Class A shares. However, a Letter of Intent will not entitle you to a reduction in the sales charge payable on any shares other than Class A shares, and if the shares are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, you will still be subject to that contingent deferred sales charge with respect to those shares. You must make reference to the Letter of Intent each time you make a purchase under the Letter.

Eligible Fund Purchases. Generally, any shares of a Legg Mason Partners fund may be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. Shares of certain money market funds advised by the manager or its affiliates (except for money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Legg Mason Partners funds offered with a sales charge), Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund and Class O shares of Legg Mason Partners Equity Fund are not eligible. This list may change from time to time. Investors should check with their Service Agent to see which funds may be eligible.

Eligible Accounts. Purchases may be made through any account in your name, or in the name of your spouse or your children under the age of 21. You may need to provide certain records, such as account statements, in order to verify your eligibility for reduced sales charges. Contact your Service Agent to see which accounts may be credited toward your Asset Level Goal.

Eligible Prior Purchases. You may also credit towards your Asset Level Goal any Eligible Fund Purchases made in Eligible Accounts at any time prior to entering into the Letter of Intent that have not been sold or redeemed, based on the current price of those shares as of the date of calculation.

Purchases made 90 days prior to the 13-month period are also eligible to be treated as purchases made under the Letter of Intent. Any Eligible Fund Purchases in Eligible Accounts made during that period will count towards your Asset Level Goal and will also be eligible for the lower sales charge applicable to your Asset Level Goal. You will be credited by way of additional shares at the current offering price for the difference between (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for those eligible shares, and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for your Asset Level Goal.

Increasing the Amount of the Letter. You may at any time increase your Asset Level Goal. You must, however, contact your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, contact PFPC, prior to making any purchases in an amount in excess of your current Asset Level Goal. Upon such an increase, you will be credited by way of additional shares at the then current offering price for the difference between: (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for shares already purchased under the Letter; and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for the increased Asset Level Goal. The 13-month period during which the Asset Level Goal must be achieved will remain unchanged.

Sales and Exchanges. Shares acquired pursuant to a Letter of Intent, other than Escrowed Shares as defined below, may be redeemed or exchanged at any time, although any shares that are redeemed prior to meeting your

 

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Asset Level Goal will no longer count towards meeting your Asset Level Goal. However, complete liquidation of purchases made under a Letter of Intent prior to meeting the Asset Level Goal will result in the cancellation of the Letter of Intent. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below. Exchanges in accordance with a fund’s prospectus are permitted, and shares so exchanged will continue to count towards your Asset Level Goal, as long as the exchange results in an Eligible Fund Purchase.

Cancellation of Letter. You may cancel a Letter of Intent by notifying your Service Agent in writing, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, by notifying PFPC in writing. The Letter of Intent will be automatically cancelled if all shares are sold or redeemed as set forth above. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below.

Escrowed Shares. Shares equal in value to five percent (5%) of your Asset Level Goal as of the date your Letter of Intent (or the date of any increase in the amount of the Letter) is accepted, will be held in escrow during the term of your Letter of Intent. The Escrowed Shares will be included in the total shares owned as reflected in your account statement and any dividends and capital gains distributions applicable to the Escrowed Shares will be credited to your account and counted towards your Asset Level Goal or paid in cash upon request. The Escrowed Shares will be released from escrow if all the terms of your Letter of Intent are met.

Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal. If the total assets under your Letter of Intent within its 13-month term are less than your Asset Level Goal or you elect to liquidate all of your holdings or cancel the Letter of Intent before reaching your Asset Level Goal, you will be liable for the difference between: (a) the sales charge actually paid; and (b) the sales charge that would have applied if you had not entered into the Letter of Intent. You may, however, be entitled to any breakpoints that would have been available to you under the accumulation privilege. An appropriate number of shares in your account will be redeemed to realize the amount due. For these purposes, by entering into a Letter of Intent, you irrevocably appoint your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, PFPC, as your attorney-in-fact for the purposes of holding the Escrowed Shares and surrendering shares in your account for redemption. If there are insufficient assets in your account, you will be liable for the difference. Any Escrowed Shares remaining after such redemption will be released to your account.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions

“Contingent deferred sales charge shares” are Class A shares that were purchased without an initial sales charge but are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. A contingent deferred sales charge may be imposed on certain redemptions of these shares.

Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge will be assessed on the net asset value at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is less.

Class A shares that are contingent deferred sales charge shares are subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. Solely for purposes of determining the number of years since a purchase payment, all purchase payments made during a month will be aggregated and deemed to have been made on the last day of the preceding statement month.

In determining the applicability of any contingent deferred sales charge, it will be assumed that a redemption is made first of shares representing capital appreciation, next of shares representing the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions, next of shares that are not subject to the contingent deferred sales charge and finally of other shares held by the shareholder for the longest period of time. The length of time that contingent deferred sales charge shares acquired through an exchange have been held will be calculated from the date the shares exchanged were initially acquired in one of the other Legg Mason Partners funds. For federal income tax purposes, the amount of the contingent deferred sales charge will reduce the gain or increase the loss, as the case may be, on the amount realized on redemption. LMIS receives contingent deferred sales charges in partial consideration for its expenses in selling shares.

 

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Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

The contingent deferred sales charge will be waived on: (a) exchanges (see “Exchange Privilege”); (b) automatic cash withdrawals in amounts equal to or less than 2.00% of the shareholder’s account balance at the time the withdrawals commence per month, up to a maximum of 12% in one year (see “Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan”); (c) redemptions of shares within 12 months following the death or disability (as defined in the Code) of the shareholder; (d) involuntary redemptions; (e) redemptions of shares to effect a combination of the fund with any investment company by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise; (f) tax-free returns of an excess contribution to any retirement plan; and (g) certain redemptions of shares of a fund in connection with lump-sum or other distributions made by eligible retirement plans or redemption of shares by participants in certain “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor or the manager.

A shareholder who has redeemed shares from other Legg Mason Partners funds may, under certain circumstances, reinvest all or part of the redemption proceeds within 60 days and receive pro rata credit for any contingent deferred sales charge imposed on the prior redemption.

Contingent deferred sales charge waivers will be granted subject to confirmation by the distributor or the transfer agent of the shareholder’s status or holdings, as the case may be.

Determination of Public Offering Price

Each fund offers its shares on a continuous basis. The public offering price for each class of shares of the fund is equal to the net asset value per share at the time of purchase, plus for Class A shares an initial sales charge based on the aggregate amount of the investment. A contingent deferred sales charge, however, is imposed on certain redemptions of Class A shares.

Set forth below is an example of the method of computing the offering price of the Class A shares of each fund based on the net asset value of a share of the fund as of November 30, 2007.

 

     California
Fund
   New York
Fund

Class A (based on a net asset value of $8.74 (for the California Fund) and $8.81 (for the New York Fund), plus the maximum initial sales charge of 2.25%)

   $ 8.94    $ 9.01

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

The right of redemption of shares of either fund may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (a) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings), (b) when trading in the markets a fund normally utilizes is restricted, or an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the fund’s investments or determination of net asset value is not reasonably practicable, or (c) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of a fund’s shareholders.

If the shares to be redeemed were issued in certificate form, the certificates must be endorsed for transfer (or be accompanied by an endorsed stock power) and must be submitted to PFPC together with the redemption request. Any signature appearing on a share certificate, stock power or written redemption request in excess of $50,000 must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution such as a domestic bank, savings and loan institution, domestic credit union, member bank of the Federal Reserve System or member firm of a national securities exchange. Written redemption requests of $50,000 or less do not require a signature guarantee unless more than one such redemption request is made in any 10-day period. Redemption proceeds will be mailed to an investor’s address of record. The transfer agent may require additional supporting documents for redemptions made by corporations, executors, administrators, trustees or guardians. A redemption request will not be deemed properly received until the transfer agent receives all required documents in proper form.

 

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If a shareholder holds shares in more than one class, any request for redemption must specify the class being redeemed. In the event of a failure to specify which class, or if the investor owns fewer shares of the class than specified, the redemption request will be delayed until the transfer agent receives further instructions. The redemption proceeds will be remitted on or before the seventh business day following receipt of proper tender, except on any days on which the NYSE is closed or as permitted under the 1940 Act, in extraordinary circumstances. Redemption proceeds for shares purchased by check, other than a certified or official bank check, will be remitted upon clearance of the check, which may take up to ten days. Each Service Agent is responsible for transmitting promptly orders for its customers.

The Service Agent may charge you a fee for executing your order. The amount and applicability of such a fee is determined and disclosed to its customers by each Service Agent.

The funds no longer issue share certificates. Outstanding share certificates will continue to be honored. If you hold share certificates, it will take longer to exchange or redeem shares.

Additional Information Regarding Telephone Redemption and Exchange Program. Neither the funds nor their agents will be liable for following instructions communicated by telephone that are reasonably believed to be genuine. Each fund and its agents will employ procedures designed to verify the identity of the caller and legitimacy of instructions (for example, a shareholder’s name and account number will be required and phone calls may be recorded). Each fund reserves the right to suspend, modify or discontinue the telephone redemption and exchange program or to impose a charge for this service at any time following at least seven (7) days’ prior notice to shareholders.

Distributions in Kind

If the Board determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, a fund may pay, in accordance with SEC rules, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the fund’s net assets by a distribution in kind of fund securities in lieu of cash. If a redemption is paid in portfolio securities, such securities will be valued in accordance with the procedures described under “Share Price” in the fund’s prospectus. Securities issued as a distribution in kind may incur brokerage commissions when shareholders subsequently sell those securities.

Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan

An automatic cash withdrawal plan (the “Withdrawal Plan”) is available to shareholders as described in each fund’s prospectus. To the extent withdrawals under the Withdrawal Plan exceed dividends, distributions and appreciation of a shareholder’s investment in a fund, there will be a reduction in the value of the shareholder’s investment, and continued withdrawal payments may reduce the shareholder’s investment and ultimately exhaust it. Withdrawal payments should not be considered as income from investment in a fund. Furthermore, as it generally would not be advantageous to a shareholder to make additional investments in a fund at the same time he or she is participating in the Withdrawal Plan, purchases by such shareholder in amounts of less than $5,000 ordinarily will not be permitted. The Withdrawal Plan will be carried over on exchanges between funds or classes of a fund. All dividends and distributions on shares in the Withdrawal Plan are reinvested automatically at net asset value in additional shares of the fund.

Shareholders who wish to participate in the Withdrawal Plan and who hold their shares in certificate form must deposit their share certificates with the transfer agent as agent for Withdrawal Plan members. For additional information shareholders should contact their Service Agent. A shareholder who purchases shares directly through the transfer agent may continue to do so and applications for participation in the Withdrawal Plan must be received by the transfer agent no later than the eighth day of the month to be eligible for participation beginning with that month’s withdrawal.

 

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VALUATION OF SHARES

The net asset value per share of each fund’s classes is calculated on each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the NYSE is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Because of the differences in distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class will differ. Please see each fund’s prospectus for a description of the procedures used by the Trust in valuing its assets.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE

The exchange privilege enables shareholders to acquire shares of the same class in a fund with different investment objectives when they believe that a shift between funds is an appropriate investment decision. This privilege is available to shareholders residing in any state in which the fund shares being acquired may legally be sold. Prior to any exchange, the shareholder should obtain and review a copy of the current prospectus of each fund into which an exchange is being considered. Prospectuses may be obtained from a Service Agent.

Upon receipt of proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents, shares submitted for exchange are redeemed at the then-current NAV, and the proceeds are immediately invested in shares of the fund being acquired at that fund’s then current net asset value. The distributor reserves the right to reject any exchange request. The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time after written notice to shareholders.

Class A, FI and I Exchanges. Class A, FI and I shareholders of a fund who wish to exchange all or a portion of their shares for shares of the respective class in another fund may do so without imposition of any charge.

Class C Exchanges. Class C shares of each fund may be exchanged for Class C shares of a Legg Mason Partners equity or long-term fixed income fund, and such exchange will be subject to the contingent deferred sales charge of the fund into which the exchange is made. Such contingent deferred sales charge will be measured from the date of the exchange.

Additional Information Regarding the Exchange Privilege

The funds are not designed to provide investors with a means of speculation on short-term market movements. A pattern of frequent exchanges by investors can be disruptive to efficient portfolio management and, consequently, can be detrimental to a fund and its shareholders. See “Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares” in each fund’s prospectus.

During times of drastic economic or market conditions, the funds may suspend the exchange privilege temporarily without notice and treat exchange requests based on their separate components—redemption orders with a simultaneous request to purchase the other fund’s shares. In such a case, the redemption request would be processed at the fund’s next determined net asset value but the purchase order would be effective only at the net asset value next determined after the fund being purchased formally accepts the order, which may result in the purchase being delayed.

Certain shareholders may be able to exchange shares by telephone. See each fund’s prospectus for additional information. Exchanges will be processed at the net asset value next determined. Redemption procedures discussed above are also applicable for exchanging shares, and exchanges will be made upon receipt of all supporting documents in proper form. If the account registration of the shares of the fund being acquired is identical to the registration of the shares of the fund exchanged, no signature guarantee is required.

 

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This exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time, and is available only in those jurisdictions where such exchanges legally may be made. Before making any exchange, shareholders should contact the transfer agent or, if they hold fund shares through a Service Agent, their Service Agent to obtain more information and prospectuses of the funds to be acquired through the exchange. An exchange is treated as a sale of the shares exchanged and could result in taxable gain or loss to the shareholder making the exchange.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Each fund’s policy is to declare dividends daily and pay dividends, if any, monthly. Dividends from net realized capital gains, if any, will be distributed annually. Each fund may also pay additional dividends before December 31 each year from certain amounts of undistributed ordinary income and capital gains in order to avoid federal income and excise tax liability. If a shareholder does not otherwise instruct, exempt-interest dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested automatically in additional shares of the same class at net asset value, with no additional sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. A shareholder may change the option at any time by notifying his or her Service Agent.

The per share amounts of the exempt-interest dividends on Class C shares may be lower than on Class A, Class FI and Class I shares, mainly as a result of the distribution fees applicable to Class C shares. Similarly, the per share amounts of exempt-interest dividends on Class A shares may be lower than on Class I shares, as a result of the service fee attributable to Class A shares. Capital gain distributions, if any, will be the same for all classes of a fund’s shares (A, C, FI and I).

TAXES

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting the funds and their shareholders. This discussion is very general. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in a fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

The Funds and Their Investments

As described in each fund’s prospectus, each fund is designed to provide shareholders with current income that is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes and is exempt from California or New York State and New York City personal income taxes, as applicable. Neither fund is intended to constitute a balanced investment program nor is either fund designed for investors seeking capital gains or maximum tax-exempt income irrespective of fluctuations in principal. Investment in each fund would not be suitable for tax- exempt institutions, qualified retirement plans, H.R. 10 plans and individual retirement accounts because such investors would not gain any additional tax benefit from the receipt of tax-exempt income.

Each fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” or “RIC” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To so qualify, each fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income); and

 

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(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers that the fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

Fund investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in the fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

As a regulated investment company, each fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, each fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., generally, the taxable income of a RIC other than its net capital gain, plus or minus certain other adjustments), and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate tax rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.

On November 30, 2007, the unused capital loss carryforwards, of the funds were approximately as follows: California Fund $1,920,622 and New York Fund $2,963,461. For Federal income tax purposes, these amounts are available to be applied against future capital gains of the fund that has the carryforwards, if any, which are realized prior to the expiration of the applicable carryover.

The carryovers expire as follows:

 

     11/30/2011    11/30/2012

California Fund

   $ 600,856    $ 1,319,766

New York Fund

   $ 499,722    $ 2,463,739

The Code imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on each fund to the extent it does not distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year and (ii) 98% of its capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending, as a general rule, on October 31 of that year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each fund anticipates that it will pay such dividends and will make such distributions as are necessary in order to avoid the application of this excise tax.

If, in any taxable year, a fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code or fails to meet the distribution requirement, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by such fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, a fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net long-term capital gains, would constitute dividends that are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, even though these distributions might otherwise (at least in part) have been treated in the shareholders’ hands as tax-exempt interest. However, such dividends will be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations, (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if a fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it must pay out

 

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its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If a fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the fund had been liquidated) in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

Each fund’s transactions in municipal bond index and interest rate futures contracts and options on these futures contracts will be subject to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the fund and defer fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require each fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause each fund to recognize income prior to the receipt of cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax on the fund, a fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. Each fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it engages in these transactions in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the fund as a regulated investment company.

A fund’s investment in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by a fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in such fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by such fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the fund.

A fund may at times buy tax-exempt investments at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For federal income tax purposes, some or all of this market discount will be included in the fund’s ordinary income and will be ordinary income when it is paid to you. A fund’s investments in these and certain other debt obligations may cause the fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash received from such obligations. If this happens, the fund may be required to sell other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements.

Each fund may invest in swap contracts. As a result of entering into swap contracts, a fund may make or receive periodic net payments. Each fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if a fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year).

Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

Dividends and Distributions. Dividends and other distributions by a fund are generally treated under the Code as received by shareholders of that fund at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a fund in October, November or December of any calendar year to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month which is actually paid during the following January

 

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shall be deemed to have been paid by the fund and received by each shareholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend is declared.

Each fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income, and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (currently at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the applicable fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).

Exempt-interest dividends paid by a fund are exempt from regular federal income taxes. Distributions of net realized short-term capital gains are taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income, whether paid in cash or in shares. Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a fund designates as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the fund.

Distributions in excess of a fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in his shares of the fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his shares of the fund as capital assets). Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive, and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount.

Investors considering buying shares just prior to a taxable dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares just purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them.

Because each fund will distribute exempt-interest dividends, interest on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder, directly or indirectly, to purchase or carry fund shares is not deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, the interest on any such indebtedness is not deductible by a shareholder of the California Fund for California personal income tax purposes, or by a New York Fund shareholder for New York State, New York City and the City of Yonkers personal income tax purposes. If a shareholder receives exempt-interest dividends with respect to any share and if the shareholder holds such share for six months or less, then, for federal income tax purposes, any loss on the sale or exchange of such share may, to the extent of exempt-interest dividends, be disallowed. Investors receiving social security or railroad retirement benefits should be aware that exempt-interest dividends received from a fund may, under certain circumstances, cause a portion of such benefits to be subject to federal income tax. Furthermore, any portion of an exempt-interest dividend paid by a fund that represents income derived from certain revenue or “private activity bonds” held by such fund may not retain its federal tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds or a “related person” thereof. Moreover, some or all of a fund’s exempt-interest dividends may be a specific preference item, or a component of an adjustment item, for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. In addition, the receipt of a fund’s dividends and distributions may affect a foreign corporate shareholder’s federal “branch profits” tax liability and the federal or California “excess net

 

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passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of a Subchapter S corporation. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors to determine whether they are (a) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the Code or (b) subject to a federal alternative minimum tax, the federal branch profits tax or the federal or California “excess net passive income” tax.

On May 21, 2007, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal in Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis, a case concerning the validity of statutes that create a state tax exemption for interest from municipal securities. The Kentucky Court of Appeals had held that Kentucky’s statute, which provided an exemption for interest earned on municipal securities of Kentucky issuers while taxing interest earned on municipal securities of issuers in other states, violated the Interstate Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. If the Supreme Court were to adopt the reasoning of the Kentucky Court of Appeals, its decision would affect the state tax status of fund distributions. It is unclear how such a decision would affect the market for municipal securities, but it could adversely affect the value of securities held by the fund, and therefore the value of the fund’s shares. Such a decision could also prompt legislation at the state level that would have further impacts upon the state taxation of fund distributions and upon the market for municipal securities. The case was argued before the Supreme Court on November 5, 2007, but no decision has yet been issued.

Sales of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of his shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his basis in the shares. A redemption of shares by a fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the fund, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less (to the extent not disallowed pursuant to the six-month rule described above relating to exempt-interest dividends) will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder (or amounts credited by the shareholder as an undistributed capital gain) with respect to such shares.

If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain or loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis in the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.

Backup Withholding. Each fund may be required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding at the rate of 28% on taxable dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to provide such fund with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have already been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.

Notices. Shareholders of each fund will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of a fund’s taxable year regarding the U.S. federal income tax and California or New York State and New York City

 

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personal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and deemed distributions made by that fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year. These statements also will designate the amount of exempt-interest dividends that is a preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. The dollar amount of dividends excluded or exempt from federal income taxation and California or New York State and New York City personal income taxation and the dollar amount of dividends subject to federal income taxation and California or New York State and New York City personal income taxation, if any, will vary for each shareholder depending upon the size and duration of such shareholder’s investment in a fund. To the extent each fund earns taxable net investment income, it intends to designate as taxable dividends the same percentage of each day’s dividend as its taxable net investment income bears to its total net investment income earned on that day.

State Tax Information

California State Taxes. California shareholders will not be subject to California state personal income tax on dividends they receive from the California Fund to the extent that such distributions qualify as exempt-interest dividends under the Code and California law and provided that, at the close of each quarter of the California Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the California Fund’s total assets are invested in California municipal securities. To the extent that distributions are derived from taxable income, including long-term or short-term capital gains, such distributions will not be exempt from California state personal income tax. Dividends on the California Fund are not excluded in determining California state franchise taxes on corporations and financial institutions. The foregoing is only a brief summary of the tax considerations generally affecting the California Fund and its shareholders who are California residents. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situation.

New York State and City Taxes. New York resident shareholders of the New York Fund will not be subject to New York State or New York City personal income tax on exempt-interest dividends attributable to interest on New York municipal securities. The New York Fund is required to report annually the source, tax status and recipient information related to its exempt-interest dividends distributed within the state of New York. Exempt-interest dividends are not excluded in determining New York State franchise or New York City business taxes on corporations and financial institutions. The foregoing is only a brief summary of some of the tax considerations generally affecting the New York Fund and its shareholders who are New York residents. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situation.

Other Taxes. Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

The foregoing is only a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) tax consequences affecting the funds and their shareholders. Current and prospective shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in a fund.

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Trust. The certificate of trust to establish Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (referred to in this section as the trust) was filed with the State of Maryland on October 4, 2006. On April 16, 2007, each fund was redomiciled as a series of the trust. Prior thereto, each fund was a series of Legg Mason Partners Income Funds, a Massachusetts business trust. Prior to reorganization of each fund as series of Legg Mason Partners Income Funds, each fund was a series of Legg Mason Partners Investment Trust, a Massachusetts business trust.

Each fund is a series of the trust, a Maryland business trust. A Maryland business trust is an unincorporated business association that is established under, and governed by, Maryland law. Maryland law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Board (referred to in this section as the trustees) and shareholders of the trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the trustees and the shareholders are determined by the trustees as set forth in the trust’s declaration of trust (referred to in this section as the declaration). Some of the more significant provisions of the declaration are described below.

Shareholder Voting. The declaration provides for shareholder voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Maryland law, actions by the trustees without seeking the consent of shareholders. The trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend the declaration or authorize the merger or consolidation of the trust into another trust or entity, reorganize the trust, or any series or class into another trust or entity or a series or class of another entity, sell all or substantially all of the assets of the trust or any series or class to another entity, or a series or class of another entity, or terminate the trust or any series or class.

The funds are not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders, but the funds will call special meetings of shareholders whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the declaration. The declaration provides for “dollar-weighted voting” which means that a shareholder’s voting power is determined, not by the number of shares he or she owns, but by the dollar value of those shares determined on the record date. All shareholders of all series and classes of the trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series or by class, or when the trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes of shares.

Election and Removal of Trustees. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish the number of trustees and that vacancies on the board may be filled by the remaining trustees, except when election of trustees by the shareholders is required under the 1940 Act. Trustees are then elected by a plurality of votes cast by shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the trustees and that trustees may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of shareholders holding two-thirds of the voting power of the trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining trustees. The provisions of the declaration relating to the election and removal of trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the trustees.

Amendments to the Declaration. The trustees are authorized to amend the declaration without the vote of shareholders, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the declaration to persons who are or have been shareholders, trustees, officers, or employees of the trust or that limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided in the declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification under the declaration prior to the amendment.

Issuance and Redemption of Shares. The funds may issue an unlimited number of shares for such consideration and on such terms as the trustees may determine. Shareholders are not entitled to any appraisal, preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights, except as the trustees may determine. Each fund may involuntarily redeem a shareholder’s shares upon certain conditions as may be determined by the trustees, including, for example, if the shareholder fails to provide the fund with identification required by law, or if the fund is unable to verify the information received from the shareholder. Additionally, as discussed below, shares may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.

 

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Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings. The declaration specifically requires shareholders, upon demand, to disclose to each fund information with respect to the direct and indirect ownership of shares in order to comply with various laws or regulations, and each fund may disclose such ownership if required by law or regulation.

Small Accounts. The declaration provides that the funds may close out a shareholder’s account by redeeming all of the shares in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the trustees from time to time. Alternately, the declaration permits the funds to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.

Series and Classes. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish series and classes in addition to those currently established and to determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series or class, combine series with other series in the trust, combine one or more classes of a series with another class in that series or convert the shares of one class into another class.

Each share of each fund, as a series of the trust, represents an interest in each fund only and not in the assets of any other series of the trust.

Shareholder, Trustee and Officer Liability. The declaration provides that shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of the funds and requires each fund to indemnify a shareholder against any loss or expense arising from any such liability. In addition, each fund will assume the defense of any claim against a shareholder for personal liability at the request of the shareholder. The declaration further provides that a trustee acting in his or her capacity of trustee is not personally liable to any person other than the trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission, or obligation of the trust. Further, a trustee is held to the same standard of conduct as a director of a Maryland corporation. This requires that a trustee perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the trust or a series thereof, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. The declaration also permits the limitation of a trustee’s liability to the full extent provided under Maryland law. Under current Maryland law, a trustee is liable to the trust or its shareholders for monetary damages only (a) to the extent that it is proved that he or she actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) to the extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the trustee is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the trustee’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. The declaration requires the trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been trustees, officers or employees of the trust for any liability for actions or failure to act except to the extent prohibited by applicable federal law. In making any determination as to whether any person is entitled to the advancement of expenses in connection with a claim for which indemnification is sought, such person is entitled to a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.

The declaration provides that any trustee who serves as chair of the board or of a committee of the board, lead independent trustee, or audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

Derivative Actions. The declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to the funds or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on the funds’ trustees. The declaration details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the

 

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trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the fund, the trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the fund. The declaration further provides that shareholders owning shares representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected fund must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if in the judgment of the independent trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the declaration, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The declaration further provides that each fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The declaration also requires that actions by shareholders against a fund be brought only in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, or if not permitted to be brought in federal court, then in state court in Baltimore, Maryland, and that the right to jury trial be waived to the full extent permitted by law.

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports

Each fund sends its shareholders a semi-annual report and an audited annual report, which include listings of investment securities held by each fund at the end of the period covered. In an effort to reduce the funds’ printing and mailing costs, each fund consolidates the mailing of its semi-annual and annual reports by household. This consolidation means that a household having multiple accounts with the identical address of record will receive a single copy of each report. In addition, each fund also consolidates the mailing of its prospectus so that a shareholder having multiple accounts will receive a single prospectus annually. Shareholders who do not want this consolidation to apply to their accounts should contact their Service Agent or the transfer agent.

Legal Matters

Beginning in June 2004, class action lawsuits alleging violations of the federal securities laws were filed against CGMI, a former distributor of the funds and other affiliated funds (collectively, the “Funds”), and a number of its then affiliates, including SBFM and Salomon Brothers Asset Management (“SBAM”), which were then investment adviser or manager to certain of the Funds (the “Managers”), substantially all of the mutual funds then managed by the Managers (the “Defendant Funds”), and Board Members of the Defendant Funds (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaints alleged, among other things, that CGMI created various undisclosed incentives for its brokers to sell Smith Barney and Salomon Brothers funds. In addition, according to the complaints, the Managers caused the Defendant Funds to pay excessive brokerage commissions to CGMI for steering clients towards proprietary funds. The complaints also alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duty to the Defendant Funds by improperly charging Rule 12b-1 fees and by drawing on fund assets to make undisclosed payments of soft dollars and excessive brokerage commissions. The complaints also alleged that the Defendant Funds failed to adequately disclose certain of the allegedly wrongful conduct. The complaints sought injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, rescission of the Defendant Funds’ contracts with the Managers, recovery of all fees paid to the Managers pursuant to such contracts and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

On December 15, 2004, a consolidated amended complaint (the “Complaint”) was filed alleging substantially similar causes of action. On May 27, 2005, all of the Defendants filed motions to dismiss the Complaint. On July 26, 2006, the court issued a decision and order (1) finding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue on behalf of the shareholders of the Defendant Funds in which none of the plaintiffs had invested, including Legg Mason Partners Intermediate Maturity California Municipals Fund and Legg Mason Partners Intermediate Maturity New York Municipals Fund, and dismissing those Defendant Funds from the case (although stating that

 

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they could be brought back into the case if standing as to them could be established), and (2) other than one stayed claim, dismissing all of the causes of action against the remaining Defendants, with prejudice, except for the cause of action under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, which the court granted plaintiffs leave to replead as a derivative claim.

On October 16, 2006, plaintiffs filed their Second Consolidated Amended Complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”) which alleges derivative claims on behalf of nine funds identified in the Second Amended Complaint, under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, against CAM, SBAM and SBFM as investment advisers to the identified funds, as well as CGMI as a distributor for the identified funds (collectively, the “Second Amended Complaint Defendants”). The Fund was not identified in the Second Amended Complaint. The Second Amended Complaint alleges no claims against any of the Funds or any of their Board Members. Under Section 36(b), the Second Amended Complaint alleges similar facts and seeks similar relief against the Second Amended Complaint Defendants as the Complaint. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint.

On December 3, 2007, the Court granted the Defendants’ motion to dismiss, with prejudice. On January 2, 2008, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.

Additional lawsuits arising out of these circumstances and presenting similar allegations and requests for relief may be filed against the Defendant Funds in the future.

***

On May 31, 2005, the SEC issued an order in connection with the settlement of an administrative proceeding against SBFM, the then-investment adviser or manager to the funds and CGMI, relating to the appointment of an affiliated transfer agent for the Smith Barney family of mutual funds, including the funds (the “Affected Funds”).

The SEC order found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(1) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). Specifically, the order found that SBFM and CGMI knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose to the boards of the Affected Funds in 1999 when proposing a new transfer agent arrangement with an affiliated transfer agent that: First Data Investors Services Group (“First Data”), the Affected Funds’ then-existing transfer agent, had offered to continue as transfer agent and do the same work for substantially less money than before; and that Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM”), the Citigroup business unit that, at the time, included the Affected Funds’ investment manager and other investment advisory companies, had entered into a side letter with First Data under which CAM agreed to recommend the appointment of First Data as sub-transfer agent to the affiliated transfer agent in exchange for, among other things, a guarantee by First Data of specified amounts of asset management and investment banking fees to CAM and CGMI. The order also found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(2) of the Advisers Act by virtue of the omissions discussed above and other misrepresentations and omissions in the materials provided to the Affected Funds’ boards, including the failure to make clear that the affiliated transfer agent would earn a high profit for performing limited functions while First Data continued to perform almost all of the transfer agent functions, and the suggestion that the proposed arrangement was in the Affected Funds’ best interests and that no viable alternatives existed. SBFM and CGMI do not admit or deny any wrongdoing or liability. The settlement does not establish wrongdoing or liability for purposes of any other proceeding.

The SEC censured SBFM and CGMI and ordered them to cease and desist from violations of Sections 206(1) and 206(2) of the Advisers Act. The order required Citigroup to pay $208.1 million, including $109 million in disgorgement of profits, $19.1 million in interest, and a civil money penalty of $80 million. Approximately $24.4 million has already been paid to the Affected Funds, primarily through fee waivers. The remaining $183.7 million, including the penalty, has been paid to the U.S. Treasury and will be distributed pursuant to a plan submitted for the approval of the SEC. At this time, there is no certainty as to how the above- described proceeds of the settlement will be distributed, to whom such distributions will be made, the

 

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methodology by which such distributions will be allocated, and when such distributions will be made. The order also required that transfer agency fees received from the Affected Funds since December 1, 2004, less certain expenses, be placed in escrow and provided that a portion of such fees might be subsequently distributed in accordance with the terms of the order. On April 3, 2006, an aggregate amount of approximately $9 million held in escrow was distributed to the Affected Funds.

The order required SBFM to recommend a new transfer agent contract to the Fund boards within 180 days of the entry of the order; if a Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent or sub-transfer agent, SBFM and CGMI would have been required, at their expense, to engage an independent monitor to oversee a competitive bidding process. On November 21, 2005, and within the specified timeframe, the Affected Funds’ Boards selected a new transfer agent for the Affected Fund. No Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent. Under the order, SBFM also must comply with an amended version of a vendor policy that Citigroup instituted in August 2004.

Although there can be no assurance, the manager does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Affected Funds.

On December 1, 2005, Citigroup completed the sale of substantially all of its global asset management business, including SBFM, to Legg Mason.

***

Beginning in August 2005, five class action lawsuits alleging violations of federal securities laws and state law were filed against CGMI and SBFM (collectively, the “Defendants”) based on the May 31, 2005 settlement order issued against the Defendants by the SEC as described in above. The complaints seek injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, removal of SBFM as the investment manager for the Smith Barney family of funds, rescission of the Funds’ management and other contracts with SBFM, recovery of all fees paid to SBFM pursuant to such contracts, and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

On October 5, 2005, a motion to consolidate the five actions and any subsequently filed, related action was filed. That motion contemplates that a consolidated amended complaint alleging substantially similar causes of action will be filed in the future.

On September 26, 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order dismissing the consolidated complaint. The plaintiffs have the right to appeal the order.

***

On September 16, 2005, the staff of the SEC informed SBFM and SBAM at the staff is considering recommending that the SEC institute administrative proceedings against SBFM and SBAM for alleged violations of Section 19(a) and 34(b) of the 1940 Act (and related Rule 19a-1). On September 27, 2007, SBFM and SBAM, without admitting or denying any findings therein, consented to the entry of an order by the SEC relating to the disclosure by certain closed-end funds previously managed by SBFM or SBAM of the sources of distributions paid by the funds between 2001 and 2004. Each of SBFM and SBAM agreed to pay a fine of $450,000, for which it was indemnified by Citigroup, its former parent. It is not expected that this matter will adversely impact the funds or their current manager.

***

On or about May 30, 2006, John Halebian, a purported shareholder of Citi New York Tax Free Reserves, a series of Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, formerly a series of CitiFunds Trust III (the “Subject Trust”), filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the

 

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independent trustees of the Subject Trust (Elliott J. Berv, Donald M. Carlton, A. Benton Cocanougher, Mark T. Finn, Stephen Randolph Gross, Diana R. Harrington, Susan B. Kerley, Alan G. Merten and R. Richardson Pettit).

The Subject Trust is also named in the complaint as a nominal defendant.

The complaint alleges both derivative claims on behalf of the Subject Trust and class claims on behalf of a putative class of shareholders of the Subject Trust in connection with the 2005 sale of Citigroup’s asset management business to Legg Mason and the related approval of new investment advisory agreements by the trustees and shareholders. In the derivative claim, the plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the independent trustees breached their fiduciary duty to the Subject Trust and its shareholders by failing to negotiate lower fees or seek competing bids from other qualified investment advisers in connection with Citigroup’s sale to Legg Mason. In the claims brought on behalf of the putative class of shareholders, the plaintiff alleges that the independent trustees violated the proxy solicitation requirements of the 1940 Act, and breached their fiduciary duty to shareholders, by virtue of the voting procedures, including “echo voting,” used to obtain approval of the new investment advisory agreements and statements made in a proxy statement regarding those voting procedures. The plaintiff alleges that the proxy statement was misleading because it failed to disclose that the voting procedures violated the 1940 Act. The relief sought includes an award of damages, rescission of the advisory agreement, and an award of costs and attorney fees.

In advance of filing the complaint, Mr. Halebian’s lawyers made written demand for relief on the board of the Subject Trust, and the Board’s independent trustees formed a demand review committee to investigate the matters raised in the demand, and subsequently in the complaint, and recommend a course of action to the board. The committee, after a thorough review, has determined that the independent trustees did not breach their fiduciary duties as alleged by Mr. Halebian, and that the action demanded by Mr. Halebian would not be in the best interests of the Subject Trust. The Board of the Subject Trust (the trustee who is an “interested person” of the Subject Trust, within the meaning of the 1940 Act, having recused himself from the matter), after receiving and considering the committee’s report and based upon the findings of the committee, subsequently also has so determined and, adopting the recommendation of the committee, has directed counsel to move to dismiss Mr. Halebian’s complaint. A motion to dismiss was filed on October 23, 2006. Opposition papers were filed on or about December 7, 2006. The complaint was dismissed on July 31, 2007. Mr. Halebian filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The appeal is pending.

***

The foregoing speaks only as of the date of this SAI. Additional lawsuits presenting allegations and requests for relief arising out of or in connection with any of the foregoing matters may be filed against these and related parties in the future.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements of each fund (Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of November 30, 2007, Statement of Operations for the year ended November 30, 2007, Statements of Changes in Net Assets for each of the years in the two-year period ended November 30, 2007, Financial Highlights for each of the years or periods in the five-year period ended November 30, 2007, and Notes to Financial Statements along with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, each of which is included in the 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders of each fund), are incorporated by reference into this SAI (Filed on February 4, 2008; Accession Numbers 0001193125-08-019293 (NY) and 0001193125-08-019309 (CA)).

 

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APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS

The ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group and Fitch Ratings represent their opinions as to the quality of various debt obligations. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. As described by the rating agencies, ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuances. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Long-Term Obligation Ratings:

Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.

Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A—Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa—Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1,” “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s U.S. Municipal and Tax Exempt Ratings:

Municipal Ratings are opinions of the investment quality of issuers and issues in the U.S. municipal and tax-exempt markets. As such, these ratings incorporate Moody’s assessment of the default probability and loss severity of these issuers and issues. The default and loss content for Moody’s municipal long-term rating scale differs from Moody’s general long-term rating scale. (Please refer to Corporate Equivalent Ratings under Policies and Procedures.)

 

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Municipal Ratings are based upon the analysis of four primary factors relating to municipal finance: economy, debt, finances, and administration/management strategies. Each of the factors is evaluated individually and for its effect on the other factors in the context of the municipality’s ability to repay its debt.

Municipal Long-Term Rating Definitions:

Aaa—Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Aa—Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

A—Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Baa—Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.

Ba—Issuers or issues rated Ba demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

B—Issuers or issues rated B demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.

Caa—Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Ca—Issuers or issues rated Ca demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

C—Issuers or issues rated C demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other U.S. municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1,” “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt And Demand Obligation Ratings:

There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels—“MIG 1” through “MIG 3.” In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG,” or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.

MIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

MIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

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SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Demand Obligation Ratings:

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating. When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1. VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

VMIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Short-Term Prime Ratings:

Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings:

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: (1) likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in

 

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accordance with the terms of the obligation; (2) nature of and provisions of the obligation; and (3) protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest -rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial obligations is very strong.

A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

BB, B, CCC, CC and C—Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

C—A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A “C” also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

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Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:

A-1—Short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2—Short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3—Short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of “B-1,” “B-2” and “B-3” may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the “B” category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B-1—A short-term obligation rated “B-1” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-2—A short-term obligation rated “B-2” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-3—A short-term obligation rated “B-3” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (–) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

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Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)

i: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The “i” subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The “i” subscript will always be used in conjunction with the “p” subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

L: Ratings qualified with “L” apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.

p: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The “p” subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The “p” subscript will always be used in conjunction with the “i” subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

pi: Ratings with a “pi” subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer’s published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer’s management and are therefore based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a “pi” subscript. Ratings with a “pi” subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year’s financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer’s credit quality.

pr: The letters “pr” indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

preliminary: Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances. Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor’s of appropriate documentation. Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor’s could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor’s reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor’s policies. The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.

t: This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks: Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

 

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Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Notes:

A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:

—Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

—Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Note rating symbols are as follows:

SP-1—Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2—Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3—Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Commercial Paper:

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from “A” for the highest-quality obligations to “D” for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

A-1—This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

A-2—Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated “A-1.”

A-3—Issues carrying this designation have an adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.

B—Issues rated “B” are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.

C—This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment.

D—Debt rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when interest payments of principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes such payments will be made during such grace period.

Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Dual Ratings:

Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure.

The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term debt rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the commercial paper rating symbols for the put option (for example, “AAA/A-1+”). With short-term demand debt, Standard & Poor’s note rating symbols are used with the commercial paper rating symbols (for example, “SP-1+/A-1+”).

 

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Description of Fitch Ratings International Long-Term Credit Ratings:

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (“LTCR”) may also be referred to as “Long-Term Ratings.” When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations. The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings.

Investment Grade

AAA—Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA—Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A—High credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

BBB—Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.

Speculative Grade

BB—Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

B—Highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. For individual obligations, “B” ratings may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “R1” (outstanding).

CCC—For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of “R2” (superior) or “R3” (good) or “R4” (average).

CC—For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of “R4” (average) or “R5” (below average).

C—For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “R6” (poor).

 

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RD—Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

D—Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following: (i) failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; (ii) the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or (iii) the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

Issuers will be rated “D” upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of “C” to “B” ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the “B” or “CCC-C” categories.

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

Description of Fitch Ratings International Short-Term Credit Ratings:

International Short-Term Credit Ratings may also be referred to as “Short-Term Ratings.” The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus places greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

F1—Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2—Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

F3—Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

B—Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C—High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

D—Default. Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

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Notes to Fitch Ratings International Long-Term and Short-Term Credit Ratings:

The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” Long-term rating category, to categories below “CCC” or to Short-term ratings other than “F1.” (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned; it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

Fitch’s ratings on U.S. public finance debt securities measure credit quality relative of other U.S. public finance debt securities. Loss rates of most Fitch-related U.S. public finance debt securities have historically been significantly lower, and are expected to continue to be significantly lower, then other debt instruments rated comparably by Fitch.

Interest Only: Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

Principal Only: Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

Rate of Return: Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

“PIF”: The tranche has reached maturity and has been “paid-in-full,” regardless of whether it was amortized or called early. As the issue no longer exists, it is therefore no longer rated.

“NR”: Indicates that Fitch Ratings does not publicly rate the associated issuer or issue.

“Withdrawn”: Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

 

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APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS

The following information is a summary of special factors affecting investments in California municipal obligations. The sources of payment for such obligations and the marketability thereof may be affected by financial or other difficulties experienced by the State of California (the “State”) and certain of its municipalities and public authorities. This information does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to offerings of California issuers. Any estimates of future results and other projections are statements of opinion based on available information at the time made and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially. None of the funds has independently verified, and the funds are not responsible for, the accuracy or timeliness of this information, and such information is included herein without the express authority of any California issuer.

ECONOMY GENERALLY

California’s economy, the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, construction and services. In early 2001, California’s economy slipped into a recession, which was concentrated in the State’s high-tech sector and, geographically, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The economy has since recovered with 887,100 jobs gained between July 2003 and March 2007 compared with 362,000 jobs lost between January 2001 and July 2003.

The State’s July 1, 2006 population of over 37.4 million represented over 12 percent of the total United States population. California’s population is concentrated in metropolitan areas. As of the April 1, 2000 census, 97 percent resided in the 25 Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the State. As of July 1, 2006, the 5-county Los Angeles area accounted for 49 percent of the State’s population, with over 18.0 million residents, and the 11-county San Francisco Bay Area represented 21 percent, with a population of nearly 8.0 million.

In the 2007-08 May Revision of the Governor’s Budget, released on May 14, 2007 (the “May Revision”), the Department of Finance projected that the California economy would decelerate in calendar year 2007 before rebounding in calendar year 2008. In addition, it was projected that economic growth would likely be modest in the first half of 2007, unemployment could increase slightly, and the second half of the year would bring modestly better growth at the State’s housing sector downturn began to abate.

Cooling housing sectors continued to slow the national and California economies in the first nine months of 2007. Home building, home sales, and related retail sales all declined. The slowdown in home building by itself reduced national output growth by almost one percentage point, on average, in the first three quarters of 2007. In California, reduced home building, home sales, and auto sales contributed to a slowdown in taxable sales growth and job growth. The downturn in the national and California housing sectors is expected to last longer than anticipated in the May Revision forecast. Nine months into 2007, there was little evidence that the housing sector downturns were abating. The problems with subprime mortgages and the related financial market volatility and credit tightening have worsened the housing sector downturns and raised the risk of further deterioration.

Job gains shrank in the nation in the first ten months of 2007, averaging 125,000 per month, as compared to 184,000 in the first ten months of 2006. The national unemployment rate trended up from 4.5 percent in June to 4.7 percent in September and October. Average weekly earnings increased about 3.5 percent from a year ago.

Energy prices increased in the first 11 months of 2007, with the average price for regular-grade gasoline breaching $3 per gallon on a number of occasions, most recently in the first two weeks of November. Prices of light, sweet crude oil exceeded $95 per barrel in early November. These increases boosted broad measures of inflation in the economy, but measures of inflation that exclude energy prices remained relatively stable.

 

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California personal income grew by an estimated 6.4 percent in 2006, somewhat stronger than in 2005. Personal income was 5.8 percent higher than a year earlier in the first half of 2007. Growth in taxable sales, however, fell to 3.9 percent in 2006 from 7.4 percent in 2005. In the first half of 2007, taxable sales were 2.2 percent higher than a year ago. New vehicle registrations fell 2.3 percent in 2006 and 7.3 percent from a year ago in the first nine months of 2007, likely playing a role in the slowdown in taxable sales growth.

California home building and residential real estate markets continued to slow since the May Revision. Residential permits were down 31 percent from a year ago in the first nine months of 2007. Existing home sales were down 39 percent from a year ago in September. Inventories amounted to 16.6 months of sales at the September sales rate. A year earlier, inventories amounted to 6.4 months of sales. The median price of sold existing homes fell 10 percent to $530,800 in September. The housing sector downturn has been deeper in California than in the nation. For example, existing home sales nationally were down 19 percent from a year ago in September 2007, compared to the 39 percent decline in California.

The value of private-sector nonresidential building permits issued in the first nine months of 2007 was 6 percent higher than the year-ago value, but the value of public works construction was down 13 percent.

Monthly job gains slowed considerably in the State in the first nine months of 2007, averaging just 8,200. Gains averaged 18,800 in the first nine months of 2006. The State’s unemployment rate increased from 4.8 percent in March to 5.6 percent in September.

CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS ON SPENDING AND TAXES

State Appropriations Limit

The State is subject to an annual appropriations limit imposed by Article XIII B of the State Constitution (the “Appropriations Limit”). The Appropriations Limit does not restrict appropriations to pay debt service on voter-authorized bonds.

Article XIII B prohibits the State from spending “appropriations subject to limitation” in excess of the Appropriations Limit. “Appropriations subject to limitation,” with respect to the State, are authorizations to spend “proceeds of taxes,” which consist of tax revenues, and certain other funds, including proceeds from regulatory licenses, user charges or other fees to the extent that such proceeds exceed “the cost reasonably borne by that entity in providing the regulation, product or service,” but “proceeds of taxes” exclude most State subventions to local governments, tax refunds and some benefit payments such as unemployment insurance. No limit is imposed on appropriations of funds which are not “proceeds of taxes,” such as reasonable user charges or fees and certain other non-tax funds.

There are various types of appropriations excluded from the Appropriations Limit. For example, debt service costs of bonds existing or authorized by January 1, 1979, or subsequently authorized by the voters, appropriations required to comply with mandates of courts or the federal government, appropriations for qualified capital outlay projects, appropriations for tax refunds, appropriations of revenues derived from any increase in gasoline taxes and motor vehicle weight fees above January 1, 1990 levels, and appropriation of certain special taxes imposed by initiative (e.g., cigarette and tobacco taxes) are all excluded. The Appropriations Limit may also be exceeded in cases of emergency.

The Appropriations Limit in each year is based on the Appropriations Limit for the prior year, adjusted annually for changes in State per capita personal income and changes in population, and adjusted, when applicable, for any transfer of financial responsibility of providing services to or from another unit of government or any transfer of the financial source for the provisions of services from tax proceeds to non-tax proceeds. The measurement of change in population is a blended average of Statewide overall population growth, and change in

 

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attendance at local school and community college (“K-14”) districts. The Appropriations Limit is tested over consecutive two-year periods. Any excess of the aggregate “proceeds of taxes” received over such two-year period above the combined Appropriations Limits for those two years, is divided equally between transfers to K-14 districts and refunds to taxpayers.

The Legislature has enacted legislation to implement Article XIII B which defines certain terms used in Article XIII B and sets forth the methods for determining the Appropriations Limit. California Government Code Section 7912 requires an estimate of the Appropriations Limit to be included in the Governor’s Budget, and thereafter to be subject to the budget process and established in the Budget Act.

As of the release of the 2007 Budget Act, the Department of Finance projects the Appropriations Subject to limitation to be $59.309 billion and $63.011 billion in fiscal years 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively.

Proposition 98

On November 8, 1988, the voters of the State approved Proposition 98, a combined initiative constitutional amendment and statute called the “Classroom Instructional Improvement and Accountability Act.” Proposition 98 changed State funding of public education below the university level and the operation of the State Appropriations Limit, primarily by guaranteeing K-14 schools a minimum level of funding. Proposition 98 (as modified by Proposition 111, enacted on June 5, 1990) guarantees K-14 schools the greater of: (a) in general, a fixed percentage of General Fund revenues (“Test 1”), (b) the amount appropriated to K-14 schools in the prior year, adjusted for changes in State per capita personal income and enrollment (“Test 2”), or (c) a third test, which replaces Test 1 and Test 2 in any year that the percentage growth in per capita General Fund revenues from the prior year plus one half of one percent is less than the percentage growth in State per capita personal income (“Test 3”).

Legislation adopted prior to the end of the 1988-89 fiscal year implementing Proposition 98 determined the K-14 schools’ funding guarantee under Test 1 to be 40.7 percent of General Fund tax revenues, based on 1986-87 appropriations. However, this percentage has since been adjusted to approximately 41 percent of 1986-87 appropriations to account for subsequent changes in the allocation of local property taxes, since these changes altered the share of General Fund revenues received by schools. The Proposition 98 guarantee has typically been calculated under Test 2. Under Test 3, however, schools receive the amount appropriated in the prior year adjusted for changes in enrollment and per capita General Fund revenues, plus 0.5 percent. If Test 3 is used in any year, the difference between Test 3 and Test 2 becomes a “credit” (called the “maintenance factor”) to schools and is paid to them in future years when per capita General Fund revenue growth exceeds per capita personal income growth.

The Proposition 98 guarantee is funded from two sources: local property taxes and the General Fund. Any amount not funded by local property taxes is funded by the General Fund. Thus, local property tax collections represent an offset to General Fund costs in a Test 2 or Test 3 year.

Proposition 98 also contains provisions for the transfer of certain State tax revenues in excess of the Article XIII B Appropriations Limit to K-14 schools in Test 1 years when additional moneys are available. No such transfers are anticipated during fiscal year 2007-08.

The 2007 Budget Act reflects General Fund Proposition 98 expenditures in fiscal years 2005-06 through 2007-08. The 2007 Budget Act includes a decrease of $294.9 million for declining growth (-0.48 percent) but provides full funding of $246.8 million for cost-of-living adjustments (“COLA”) (4.53 percent) adjustments in 2007-08, and also reflects the deferral of Proposition 98 expenditures of $1.303 billion from fiscal year 2005-06 to 2006-07, $1.303 billion from fiscal year 2006-07 to 2007-08, and $1.303 billion from fiscal year 2007-08 to 2008-09 for K-14 education.

 

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Proposition 98 permits the Legislature, by a two-thirds vote of both houses (on a bill separate from the Budget Act), and with the Governor’s concurrence, to suspend the K-14 education’s minimum funding guarantee for a one-year period. The amount of the suspension is added to the maintenance factor, the repayment of which occurs according to a specified State Constitutional formula, and eventually restores Proposition 98 funding to the level that would have been required in the absence of such a suspension. Therefore, suspending the minimum funding guarantee provides ongoing General Funding savings over multiple fiscal years until the maintenance factor is fully repaid.

Legislation related to the 2004 Budget Act suspended the Proposition 98 minimum guarantee. At the time the 2004 Budget Act was enacted, this suspension was estimated to be $2.004 billion. This suspended amount was added to the existing maintenance factor, which was fully paid in 2005-06. However, subsequent growth in General Fund revenue increased the estimated 2004-05 Proposition 98 guarantee calculation by an additional $1.6 billion. This additional funding, along with approximately $1.1 billion in 2005-06 were the subject of a lawsuit brought by the California Teachers Association (“CTA”), which has recently been settled. The terms agreed upon consist of retiring this approximately $2.8 billion obligation beginning in 2007-08 with a $300 million payment and then in annual payments of $450 million beginning in 2008-09 until the full amount is paid.

The settlement of the CTA lawsuit was ratified by legislation enacted in September, 2006 (Chapter 751, Statutes of 2006). In addition, legislation was approved to refinance the Golden State Tobacco Securitization Corporation’s Series 2003A Bonds, which became effective on January 1, 2007. Of the $1.258 billion in additional funds raised from the refinancing, which was completed on March 14, 2007, the first $900 million will offset initial costs of the settlement.

For 2006-07 and 2007-08, Test 3 has been used to determine the Proposition 98 guarantee. As a result, after proposed payments in 2006-07 and 2007-08, the total maintenance factor balance is estimated to be $65.5 million at the end of fiscal year 2007-08. This maintenance factor balance is required to be restored to the Proposition 98 budget over future years as explained above.

Proposition 98 appropriations for fiscal years 1995-96, 1996-97, 2002-03, and 2003-04 are cumulatively estimated to be $1.4 billion below the amounts required by Proposition 98 for those years because of changes in various Proposition 98 factors applicable to those years. Chapter 216, Statutes of 2004, annually appropriates $150 million per year beginning in fiscal year 2006-07, to repay these prior year Proposition 98 obligations. However, Chapter 491, Statutes of 2005, appropriated $16.8 million toward these settle-up obligations during the 2005-06 fiscal year, and explicitly reduced the first Chapter 216 settle-up appropriation, from $150 million to $133.2 million for 2006-07. The 2006 Budget Act included this appropriation along with a $150 million prepayment of the 2007-08 allocation.

Noting concerns about the uncertainty of the economy and in particular, General Fund revenues, the Legislature as part of the 2007 Budget Act chose to fund the Proposition 98 guarantee for 2006-07 at a minimum level of $55 billion, which is $411 million lower than the Administration proposed in the 2007-08 May Revision. This further results in a net $427 million savings in the Proposition 98 guarantee for 2007-08, since the base for calculation is the prior year’s guarantee amount. If the final calculations for the 2006-07 guarantee amount (which is expected to occur over the next two years) show that a higher amount was needed than the Legislature appropriated, additional settle-up funds will have to be paid in the future, but this would not necessarily have an immediate impact in 2007-08 or 2008-09.

In March 2007 a series of reports, which had been requested by the California P-16 Council (an advisory committee to the Superintendent of Public Education) and the Governor’s Committee on Education Excellence, were released on the financing and governance of K-12 public education in California and the quality of teachers and administrators. The reports included recommendations for changes in education governance, including reforms and an expectation that schools use resources more effectively, prior to adding the suggested additional

 

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funding levels. The Governor has stated that he believes reform is needed to make better use of existing resources. There has been no commitment to provide any additional funding beyond that which is required by the Constitution.

Proposed Change to Community College Financing

The Community College Governance, Funding Stabilization, and Student Fee Reduction Act was due to appear on the Statewide February 5, 2008 Presidential Primary Election Ballot. If approved, it would, among other things, change the Proposition 98 formula by establishing separate funding guarantees for the community college system and for the K-12 system. Beginning in 2007-08, the total amount of General Fund and local property tax revenues allocated to school districts and community colleges under Test 2 and Test 3 would be calculated separately for each system, while Test 1 would continue to be calculated as one number covering both K-12 and community colleges. The initiative uses different criteria for measuring “changes in enrollment” for purposes of measuring the total allocations to school districts and community college districts in Test 2 and Test 3 years. In effect, the initiative would split the existing Proposition 98 funding guarantee for K-14 schools into one guarantee for K-12 schools and a separate guarantee for community colleges. Total required funding would be higher under this measure than under current law in any year that Test 2 or Test 3 is in effect and growth in the initiative’s new community college enrollment factor exceeded growth in K-12 attendance. The initiative would also establish the community college system in the State Constitution, and would set a cap on student fees lower than current levels. The Legislative Analyst’s Office has projected this measure could result in an increase in the minimum funding requirement for K-14 schools of about $135 million in 2007-08, $275 million in 2008-09, and $470 million in 2009-10. If the State had otherwise spent at the minimum required funding level under current law, the increases in the funding guarantee under this measure would translate into increases in actual spending.

State Controller’s Office Property Tax Audit

The State Controller’s Office (SCO) conducted an audit at the request of the Administration and the Legislature to determine if K-14 schools are receiving and are properly reporting the amount of property tax they should receive under current state laws. The audit was prompted by the fact that property tax revenue growth reported as received by K-14 schools appeared to be less than the K-14 property tax revenue growth reported in the Board of Equalization’s (BOE) Annual Reports. The 2007 Budget Act was developed using the BOE’s K-14 property tax revenue data, which resulted in approximately $600 million in reduced Proposition 98 General Fund estimated funding for schools over the two-year period encompassing 2006-07 to 2007-08 compared to the funding level based on the information then coming from schools.

The SCO’s initial audit report, which is under review, indicates the property tax revenue reported by the schools is generally accurate and appears to reflect at least most of the growth reported in the Board of Equalization data, after adjusting for effects of two tax swaps among the state, local government and schools. The impact of this information on future budgetary estimates of local property tax has not yet been determined but it is likely that additional General Fund expenditures have already been made for 2006-07 and 2007-08 (on a cash basis) to offset the lower property tax revenues that have continued to be reported by schools. The State Controller plans additional audit work in this area. Revised estimates of schools’ property tax revenues were expected to be reflected in the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget to be released in January 2008.

STATE INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS

General

The State Treasurer is responsible for the sale of debt obligations of the State and its various authorities and agencies. The State has always paid the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds, general obligation commercial paper notes, lease-purchase obligations and short-term obligations, including revenue anticipation notes and revenue anticipation warrants, when due.

 

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Capital Facilities Financing

General Obligation Bonds

The State Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of the State unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or a direct primary. General obligation bond acts provide that debt service on general obligation bonds shall be appropriated annually from the General Fund and all debt service on general obligation bonds is paid from the General Fund. Under the State Constitution, debt service on general obligation bonds is the second charge to the General Fund after the application of moneys in the General Fund to the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Certain general obligation bond programs receive revenues from sources other than the sale of bonds or the investment of bond proceeds.

As of October 1, 2007, the State had outstanding $50,774,342,000 aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds, of which $40,597,327,000 were payable primarily from the State’s General Fund, and $10,177,015,000 were payable from other revenue sources. As of October 1, 2007, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of $68,011,016,000 of long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes. Of this unissued amount, $4,278,910,000 is for bonds payable from other revenue sources.

General obligation bond law permits the State to issue as variable rate indebtedness up to 20 percent of the aggregate amount of long-term general obligation bonds outstanding. The State had outstanding $6,232,320,000 variable rate general obligation bonds (which includes the Economic Recovery Bonds described below), representing about 12.3 percent of the State’s total outstanding general obligation bonds as of October 1, 2007.

New General Obligation Bond Measures Approved on November 7, 2006

In response to the Governor’s proposal in early 2006 for a $220 billion infrastructure investment plan, which would have used $68 billion in new general obligation bonds, the Legislature approved four bond measures, totaling approximately $37.3 billion, which were all approved by the voters at the November 7, 2006 general election. These four measures are for the following programs:

 

   

$19.9 billion for transportation improvements, air quality, and port security (Proposition 1B)

 

   

$10.4 billion for K-12 school modernization and construction ($7.3 billion), and higher education facilities ($3.1 billion) (Proposition 1D)

 

   

$4.1 billion for flood control and prevention, levee repair and similar costs (Proposition 1E)

 

   

$2.85 billion for housing and related programs (Proposition 1C)

An initiative measure (Proposition 84) authorizing approximately $5.4 billion of bonds for water quality, flood control, parks and similar facilities was also approved by the voters. A $9.95 billion bond measure for high speed rail projects was moved from the November 2006 general election until the 2008 general election. However, the Administration has proposed to defer this bond measure indefinitely.

Commercial Paper Program

Pursuant to legislation enacted in 1995, voter-approved general obligation indebtedness may be issued either as long-term bonds or, for some but not all bond issues, as commercial paper notes. Commercial paper notes may be renewed or may be refunded by the issuance of long-term bonds. It is currently the State’s policy to use commercial paper notes for a portion of the interim funding of voter-approved projects. (The balance of such funding is done through internal loans from the State’s Pooled Money Investment Account.) The State then issues long-term general obligation bonds from time to time to retire its general obligation commercial paper notes (and internal loans). Pursuant to the terms of the bank credit agreement presently in effect, the general

 

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obligation commercial paper program may have up to $2.5 billion in aggregate principal amount at any time. This amount may be increased or decreased in the future. As of November 1, 2007, $267,515,000 aggregate principal amount of general obligation commercial paper notes had been issued and were outstanding. Commercial paper notes are not included in the calculation of permitted variable rate indebtedness described above under “General Obligation Bonds.”

Lease-Purchase Obligations

In addition to general obligation bonds, the State builds and acquires capital facilities through the use of lease-purchase borrowing. Under these arrangements, the State Public Works Board, another State or local agency or a joint powers authority issues bonds to pay for the construction of facilities such as office buildings, university buildings or correctional institutions. These facilities are leased to a State agency or the University of California under a long-term lease that provides the source of payment of the debt service on the lease-purchase bonds. In some cases, there is not a separate bond issue, but a trustee directly creates certificates of participation in the State’s lease obligation, which are then marketed to investors. Under applicable court decisions, such lease arrangements do not constitute the creation of “indebtedness” within the meaning of the State Constitutional provisions that require voter approval. “Lease-purchase obligation” or “lease-purchase financing” means principally bonds or certificates of participation for capital facilities where the rental payments providing the security are payable from the General Fund and also includes revenue bonds for a State energy efficiency program secured by payments made by various State agencies under energy service contracts. Rental payments in connection with certain of the lease-purchase financings are payable from special funds rather than the General Fund. The State had $7,645,119,366 General Fund-supported lease-purchase obligations outstanding as of October 1, 2007. The State Public Works Board, which is authorized to sell lease revenue bonds, had $10,841,130,011 authorized and unissued as of October 1, 2007, which includes new authorizations described in the following paragraph. In addition, as of that date, certain joint powers authorities were authorized to issue approximately $81,000,000 of revenue bonds to be secured by State leases.

On May 3, 2007, the Governor signed AB 900 (Chapter 7, Statutes of 2007) which authorized issuance of up to $7.4 billion of lease-revenue bonds to finance acquisition, design and construction of new facilities at State prisons and county jails and for local re-entry facilities. Litigation has been filed challenging the legality of the financing plan under AB 900, but on October 11, 2007, a Superior Court judge dismissed this lawsuit. The plaintiffs may appeal this dismissal.

Non-Recourse Debt

Certain State agencies and authorities issue revenue obligations for which the General Fund has no liability. Revenue bonds represent obligations payable from State revenue-producing enterprises and projects, which are not payable from the General Fund, and conduit obligations payable only from revenues paid by private users of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. The enterprises and projects include transportation projects, various public works projects, public and private educational facilities (including the California State University and University of California systems), housing, health facilities and pollution control facilities. State agencies and authorities had $49,723,147,379 aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes which are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of June 30, 2007.

Future Issuance Plans

Between November 2006 and August 2007, voters and the Legislature authorized more than $50 billion of new general obligation bonds and lease revenue bonds, increasing the amount of General Fund-supported debt authorized and unissued to almost $75 billion as of September 1, 2007. In order to address the program needs for these new authorizations, along with those which existed before 2006, the State expects the volume of issuance of both of these categories of bonds to increase substantially, compared to previous years, starting in fiscal year 2007-08. Based on existing Legislative appropriations, and current projections of program needs, the Department

 

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of Finance has estimated that annual new money issuance for these obligations in the four fiscal years from 2008-09 to 2011-12—primarily as general obligation bonds—will total approximately $12 billion, $16 billion, $12 billion, and $8 billion, respectively. The State Treasurer’s Office estimates issuance of new general obligation and lease-revenue bonds in 2007-08 will be approximately $8.5 billion, of which $1.75 billion has been issued through November 15, 2007. In addition, if the voters or the Legislature approve additional new bond authorizations in 2008 and beyond, the amount of bonds issued may be higher than these estimates.

Based on the current Department of Finance projections of bond issuance, without taking into account any future authorizations which may occur, the aggregate amount of outstanding general obligation and lease revenue bonds would peak at about $98 billion by the middle of the next decade, compared to the current total outstanding amount of about $49 billion. The annual debt service costs on this amount of debt would peak at around $8.4 billion, compared to about $4.7 billion budgeted in fiscal year 2007-08. (These estimates do not include Economic Recovery Bonds, described below, nor do they take into account potential benefits from future refunding opportunities).

The actual amounts and timing of future issuance of general obligation and lease revenue obligations will depend on a variety of factors, including the timing of funding needs for the various programs for which such obligations are to be issued, interest rate and other market conditions at the time of issuance, and the timing and amounts of additional general obligation bonds or lease revenue bonds approved. The Governor has proposed substantial additional general obligation bond programs.

Economic Recovery Bonds

The California Economic Recovery Bond Act (“Proposition 57”) was approved by the voters at the Statewide primary election on March 2, 2004. Proposition 57 authorizes the issuance of up to $15 billion in Economic Recovery Bonds to finance the negative General Fund reserve balance as of June 30, 2004, and other General Fund obligations undertaken prior to June 30, 2004. Repayment of the Economic Recovery Bonds is secured by a pledge of revenues from a one-quarter cent increase in the State’s sales and use tax starting July 1, 2004. In addition, as voter-approved general obligation bonds, the Economic Recovery Bonds are secured by the State’s full faith and credit. However, moneys in the General Fund will only be used in the event the dedicated sales and use tax revenue is insufficient to repay the bonds.

The State has issued $10.896 billion principal amount of Economic Recovery Bonds, resulting in the deposit of net proceeds to the General Fund of approximately $11.254 billion during the 2003-04 fiscal year (of which, for budgetary purposes, approximately $9.242 billion was applied to the 2002-03 fiscal year and approximately $2.012 billion was applied to offset fiscal year 2004-05 General Fund expenditures). The Department of Finance has now estimated that, because of the repayment of other General Fund obligations incurred before June 30, 2004, the full $3.746 billion of unused voter authorization cannot be sold. The State may issue about $3.3 billion of the remainder of authorized Economic Recovery Bonds in the future, but the 2007 Budget Act assumes no Economic Recovery Bonds will be issued in fiscal year 2007-08.

Three different sources of funds are required to be applied to the early retirement (generally by purchase or redemption) of Economic Recovery Bonds: (i) all proceeds from the dedicated quarter cent sales tax in excess of the amounts needed, on a semi-annual basis, to pay debt service and other required costs of the bonds, (ii) all proceeds from the sale of surplus State property, and (iii) fifty percent of each annual deposit, up to $5 billion in the aggregate, of future deposits in a Budget Stabilization Account (“BSA”) created by the California Balanced Budget Act. Funds from these sources have been used for early retirement of approximately $1.716 billion of bonds during fiscal years 2005-06 and 2006-07, including use of $472 million which was transferred from the BSA in 2006-07.

The 2007-08 Budget Act provides $1.023 billion from the BSA to retire Economic Recovery Bonds in the 2007-08 fiscal year. In addition, there was approximately $394 million of excess sales tax revenues from the

 

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period January 1—June 30, 2007 which will be used for early retirement of Economic Recovery Bonds, together with excess sales tax revenues which may be generated for the period July 1—December 31, 2007, and any proceeds of excess property sales. In total, the Administration anticipates that approximately $2.6 billion of Economic Recovery Bonds will be retired in the 2007-08 fiscal year, including almost $2.2 billion in early repayments.

Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds

In 1998 the State signed a settlement agreement (the “Master Settlement Agreement” or “MSA”) with the four major cigarette manufacturers (the “participating manufacturers” or “PMs”). Under the MSA, the participating manufacturers agreed to make payments to the State in perpetuity, which payments amount to approximately $25 billion (subject to adjustments) over the first 25 years. Under a separate Memorandum of Understanding, half of the payments made by the cigarette manufacturers will be paid to the State and half to local governments (all counties and the cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Jose). The specific amount to be received by the State and local governments is subject to adjustment. Details in the MSA allow reduction of the manufacturers’ payments for decreases in cigarette shipment volumes by the settling manufacturers, payments owed to certain “Previously Settled States” and certain types of offsets for disputed payments, among other things. However, settlement payments are adjusted upward each year by at least 3 percent for inflation, compounded annually.

Chapter 414, Statutes of 2002, enacted Government Code Sections 63049 to 63049.5 (the “Tobacco Securitization Law”), which authorized the establishment of a special purpose trust to purchase those assets. The bill also authorized that entity to issue revenue bonds secured by the tobacco settlement revenues received beginning in the 2003-04 fiscal year. An initial sale of 56.57 percent of the State’s tobacco settlement revenues producing $2.485 billion in proceeds was completed in January 2003 (“Series 2003A”).

A second sale of the remaining 43.43 percent of the State’s tobacco settlement revenues, which produced $2.264 billion in proceeds, was completed in September 2003 (“Series 2003B”). Chapter 225, Statutes of 2003, amended the Tobacco Securitization Law to require the Governor to request an appropriation in the annual Budget Act to pay debt service and other related costs of the tobacco settlement revenue bonds secured by the second (and only the second) sale of tobacco settlement revenues when such tobacco settlement revenues are insufficient therefor. The Legislature is not obligated to make any such requested appropriation.

In August 2005, the Series 2003B Bonds were refinanced (“Series 2005A”), retaining substantially all of the covenants of the original issue, including the covenant regarding the request for a General Fund appropriation in the event tobacco settlement revenues fall short. In return for providing this covenant, the State was paid a credit enhancement fee of $525 million as part of the refinancing, which amount was deposited into the General Fund. In March 2007, the State completed a refunding of all of the Series 2003A Bonds. This refunding generated additional proceeds of approximately $1.258 billion which are intended to be used (i) to offset the General Fund cost for the initial years of a litigation settlement related to the 2004-05 suspension of the Proposition 98 guarantee and (ii) for other purposes, such as funding capital projects. Some of these moneys have been used for General Fund expenses in 2007-08.

In mid-2005, the participating manufacturers asserted that they had lost market share in calendar year 2003 to the non-participating manufacturers (“NPMs”). In March 2006, a nationally recognized firm of economic consultants confirmed the assertion that the MSA was a significant factor contributing to the market share loss. Under the MSA, the participating manufacturers are authorized to withhold up to three times the amount of lost market share (adjusted downward by 2%) until such time as it is proven that the various states diligently enforced their model statutes that govern the NPMs. As a result, the amount of tobacco settlement revenues received by the State was reduced in 2006 by $50.9 million. Nevertheless, the amount of tobacco settlement revenues received were still in excess of the required debt service payments. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the provisions included in the State’s budget for Series 2005A will be invoked and there was and is expected to be no

 

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impact to the General Fund for the 2006-07 and 2007-08 fiscal years. Furthermore, the Series 2005A Bonds have reserve funds in excess of one year’s debt service payments, which would be used before General Fund moneys.

In April 2006, a similar filing was made by the PMs for the calendar year 2004 payments and the economic consultants also confirmed that the MSA was a significant factor contributing to the market share loss. As a result, the payment of tobacco settlement revenues due in April 2007 was reduced by $44 million. As of November 2007, a similar filing made by the PMs for calendar year 2005 payments is pending with a determination expected by January 2008. It is likewise anticipated that there was and will be no impact to the General Fund for the 2006-07 or 2007-08 fiscal years. The State Attorney General is working, in tandem with the other states’ Attorneys General, under the terms of the MSA, to compel the PMs to pay given that the State has been diligently enforcing the statutes as required in the MSA.

Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are neither general nor legal obligations of the State or any of its political subdivisions and the State has indicated that neither the faith and credit nor the taxing power nor any other assets or revenues of the State or of any political subdivision is or shall be pledged to the payment of any such bonds.

Flood Litigation Settlement

In 2006, the State settled three related lawsuits arising from liability for past flood damages through stipulated judgments. The largest settlement (referred to as the Paterno case), in the amount of $428 million, provided for the State to make annual payments of $42.8 million, plus interest, for ten years; the payments are subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature. The first year’s payment was included in the 2005 Budget Act and each subsequent budget act has included the required installment. This matter is not treated as “debt” of the State for any legal or constitutional purposes.

Cash Flow Borrowings

As part of its cash management program, the State has regularly issued short-term obligations to meet cash flow needs. The State has issued revenue anticipation notes (“Notes” or “RANs”) in 19 of the last 20 fiscal years to partially fund timing differences between receipts and disbursements, as the majority of General Fund revenues are received in the last part of the fiscal year. By law, RANs must mature prior to the end of the fiscal year of issuance. If additional external cash flow borrowings are required, the State has issued revenue anticipation warrants (“RAWs”), which can mature in a subsequent fiscal year. RANs and RAWs are both payable from any “Unapplied Money” in the General Fund of the State on their maturity date, subject to the prior application of such money in the General Fund to pay Priority Payments. “Priority Payments” are payments as and when due to: (i) support the public school system and public institutions of higher education (as provided in Section 8 of Article XVI of the Constitution of the State); (ii) pay principal of and interest on general obligation bonds and general obligation commercial paper notes of the State; (iii) provide reimbursement from the General Fund to any special fund or account to the extent such reimbursement is legally required to be made to repay borrowings therefrom pursuant to California Government Code Sections 16310 or 16418; and (iv) pay State employees’ wages and benefits, State payments to pension and other State employee benefit trust funds, State Medi-Cal claims, and any amounts determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be required to be paid with State warrants that can be cashed immediately.

As of November 2007, the State plans to issue $7.0 billion of RANS in November 2007 in order to maintain adequate reserves to manage the State’s cash flow requirements during fiscal year 2007-08.

SOURCES OF TAX AND OTHER REVENUE

All revenue proposals included in the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget were adopted except for the proposal to make permanent the use tax on vessels, vehicles and aircraft brought into the State less than one year from purchase.

 

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Personal Income Tax

The California personal income tax, which accounts for a significant portion of General Fund tax revenues, is closely modeled after the federal income tax law. It is imposed on net taxable income (gross income less exclusions and deductions), with rates ranging from 1.0 percent to 9.3 percent. The personal income tax is adjusted annually by the change in the consumer price index to prevent taxpayers from being pushed into higher tax brackets without a real increase in income. Personal, dependent and other credits are allowed against the gross tax liability. In addition, taxpayers may be subject to an alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), which is much like the federal AMT. The personal income tax structure is considered to be highly progressive. For example, the Franchise Tax Board indicates that the top 1 percent of taxpayers paid 47.5 percent of the total personal income tax in tax year 2005.

Proposition 63, approved by the voters in the November 2004 election, imposes a 1 percent surtax on taxable income over $1 million in addition to the 9.3 percent rate. The surtax became effective January 1, 2005. The proceeds of the tax surcharge are required to be used to expand county mental health programs.

Taxes on capital gains realizations and stock options, which are largely linked to stock market performance, can add a significant dimension of volatility to personal income tax receipts. Capital gains and stock option tax receipts have accounted for as much as 24.7 percent and as little as 7.3 percent of General Fund revenues in the last ten years. The 2007-08 May Revision estimates that capital gains and stock option tax receipts will have accounted for 15.3 percent of General Fund revenue and transfers in 2006-07 and will account for 15.1 percent in 2007-08.

Under California law, interest on municipal bonds issued by the State and by California local government agencies is exempt from State personal income tax, but interest from municipal bonds issued in other states (except to the extent provided by federal law) is subject to State personal income tax. On November 5, 2007, the United States Supreme Court heard the appeal of a case titled Department of Revenue of the State of Kentucky v. Davis (the “Davis case”). A state court in Kentucky had ruled that the Kentucky state income tax law, which, like California income tax law, exempts only interest on bonds from in-state government entities, violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, by discriminating against other states’ municipal bonds. If the Supreme Court upholds the lower court decision in the Davis case, and if the State is required to exempt the interest on all other states’ municipal bonds from State income tax, the State may face a refund liability for the tax collected in prior years from taxpayers who reported interest income from out-of-state bonds. The Franchise Tax Board has made preliminary estimates that such a change in tax rules would result in a first-year cost of about $90 million, rising to about $180 million in the second year, and then falling in subsequent years to a level of about $165-170 million; these figures reflect a combination of possible tax refunds and reduced tax revenues. The Davis case was argued on November 5, 2007. As of February 24, 2008, a decision had not been issued. Any fiscal impacts are not likely to occur until after the 2007-08 fiscal year.

Sales Tax

The sales tax is imposed upon retailers for the privilege of selling tangible personal property in California. Most retail sales and leases are subject to the tax. However, exemptions have been provided for certain essentials such as food for home consumption, prescription drugs, gas delivered through mains and electricity. Other exemptions provide relief for a variety of sales ranging from custom computer software to aircraft.

As of January 1, 2007, the breakdown of the base State and local sales tax rate of 7.25 percent is as follows:

 

   

5 percent imposed as a State General Fund tax;

 

   

0.5 percent dedicated to local governments for health and welfare program realignment (Local Revenue Fund);

 

   

0.5 percent dedicated to local governments for public safety services (Local Public Safety Fund);

 

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1 percent local tax imposed under the Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Law, with 0.25 percent dedicated to county transportation purposes and 0.75 percent for city and county general-purpose use; and

 

   

0.25 percent deposited into the Fiscal Recovery Fund to repay the State’s Economic Recovery Bonds (the “Special Sales Tax”).

Existing law provides that 0.25 percent of the basic 5 percent State tax rate may be suspended in any calendar year upon certification by the Director of Finance by November 1 in the prior year that both of the following have occurred: (1) the General Fund reserve (excluding the revenues derived from the 0.25 percent Special Sales Tax) is expected to exceed 3 percent of revenues in that fiscal year (excluding the revenues derived from the 0.25 percent Special Sales Tax) and (2) actual revenues for the period May 1 through September 30 equal or exceed the previous May Revision forecast. The 0.25 percent rate will be reinstated the following year if the Director of Finance subsequently determines conditions (1) or (2) above are not met for that fiscal year. The Department of Finance estimates that the reserve level will be insufficient to trigger a reduction for calendar year 2008.

Existing law provides that the Special Sales Tax will be collected until the first day of the calendar quarter at least 90 days after the Director of Finance certifies that all Economic Recovery Bonds and related obligations have been paid or retired or provision for their repayment has been made or enough sales taxes have been collected to pay all Economic Recovery Bonds and related obligations to final maturity. At such time the Special Sales Tax will terminate and the city and county portion of taxes under the Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax will be automatically increased by 0.25 percent.

Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 4, approved by the voters as Proposition 1A in the November 2004 election, amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by restricting the State from lowering the local sales tax rate or changing the allocation of local sales tax revenues without meeting certain conditions.

Corporation Tax

Corporation tax revenues are derived from the following taxes:

 

  1. The franchise tax and the corporate income tax are levied at an 8.84 percent rate on profits. The former is imposed on corporations for the privilege of doing business in California, while the latter is imposed on corporations that derive income from California sources but are not sufficiently present to be classified as doing business in the State.

 

  2. Banks and other financial corporations are subject to the franchise tax plus an additional tax at the rate of 2 percent on their net income. This additional tax is in lieu of personal property taxes and business license taxes.

 

  3. The alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) is similar to that in federal law. In general, the AMT is based on a higher level of net income computed by adding back certain tax preferences. This tax is imposed at a rate of 6.65 percent.

 

  4. A minimum franchise tax of up to $800 is imposed on corporations subject to the franchise tax but not on those subject to the corporate income tax. New corporations are exempted from the minimum franchise tax for the first two years of incorporation.

 

  5. Sub-Chapter S corporations are taxed at 1.5 percent of profits.

 

  6.

Fees paid by limited liability companies, which account for 3.3 percent of corporation tax revenue, are considered “corporation taxes.” As of November 2007, the constitutionality of these fees is being challenged in three separate state courts. Potential refunds are estimated at up to $1.04 billion in

 

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2007-08 and up to $260 million in 2008-09 on a cash basis. In addition, there would be annual losses of up to $340 million in 2008-09 and increasing amounts in future years.

On February 23, 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the Franchise Tax Board’s appeal requesting review of the decision in Farmer Brothers Company v. Franchise Tax Board, a tax refund case which involved the deductibility of corporate dividends. Potential revenue losses are estimated to total $400 million over several fiscal years through 2007-08 (some revenue gains are expected in fiscal years after that). The revenue impact from this case has been included in State budget projections for fiscal years 2006-07 and 2007-08.

Tax Amnesty Program

Chapter 226, Statutes of 2004, created a personal income tax, corporate tax, and sales and use tax amnesty program for 2002 and prior years. Penalties were waived for taxpayers who applied for the amnesty during the amnesty period of February 1, 2005 to March 31, 2005. The effect of amnesty has been to distort the accounting for General Fund revenues since payments for years before the current year are accounted for as a “prior year adjustment” for the current year rather than being carried back to those earlier years. Additionally, since some payments were made in advance of future year payments the revenue estimates in the current year, the budget year, and beyond will be lower even though the payments received are accounted for as “prior year adjustments” to the current year. Moreover, much of the money that came in during the amnesty period was in the form of “protective payments,” amounts submitted to avoid the extra penalty, but that would have otherwise been submitted in future years, or that may prove not to have been due at all, as some taxpayers are likely to win their disputes. These refunds must be accounted for in future years.

For budgetary purposes, revenues from the amnesty program resulted in a carry-over adjustment increasing the beginning General Fund balance for fiscal year 2004-05 by $3.8 billion. This carry-over adjustment was and is expected to be reduced in fiscal year 2004-05 and subsequent fiscal years to account for refunds and the recognition of income over a period of time. The estimates of these adjustments has varied as more up-to-date information has been received. The Administration estimates the net multi-year General Fund revenue gain from the amnesty program at $380 million, which was used for one-time purposes in the 2005 Budget Act.

Insurance Tax

The majority of insurance written in California is subject to a 2.35 percent gross premium tax. For insurers, this premium tax takes the place of all other State and local taxes except those on real property and motor vehicles. Exceptions to the 2.35 percent rate are certain pension and profit-sharing plans which are taxed at the lesser rate of 0.5 percent, surplus lines and nonadmitted insurance at 3 percent and ocean marine insurers at 5 percent of underwriting profits.

The Board of Equalization recently ruled that the premium tax insurers pay should be calculated on a cash basis rather than the accrual method used by the Department of Insurance. This is expected to result in a total loss of $406 million spread over several years; the 2007-08 impact is estimated to be $175 million.

Estate Tax; Other Taxes

The California estate tax is based on the State death tax credit allowed against the federal estate tax. The California estate tax is designed to pick up the maximum credit allowed against the federal estate tax return. The federal Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (the “Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act”) phases out the federal estate tax by 2010. As a consequence, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act resulted in the reduction of the State estate tax revenues by 25 percent in calendar year 2002, 50 percent in calendar year 2003, and 75 percent in calendar year 2004, and the elimination of the State estate tax beginning in calendar year 2005. The provisions of this federal act sunset after 2010. At that time, the federal estate tax will be reinstated along with the State’s estate tax, unless future federal legislation is enacted to make the provisions permanent.

 

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Other General Fund major taxes and licenses include: Inheritance and Gift Taxes; Cigarette Taxes; Alcoholic Beverage Taxes; Horse Racing License Fees and Trailer Coach License Fees.

Special Fund Revenues

The California Constitution and statutes specify the uses of certain revenues. Such receipts are accounted for in various special funds. In general, special fund revenues comprise three categories of income:

 

   

Receipts from tax levies which are allocated to specified functions, such as motor vehicle taxes and fees and certain taxes on tobacco products.

 

   

Charges for special services to specific functions, including such items as business and professional license fees.

 

   

Rental royalties and other receipts designated for particular purposes (e.g., oil and gas royalties).

Motor vehicle related taxes and fees accounted for about 34 percent of all special fund revenues in fiscal year 2005-06. Principal sources of this income are motor vehicle fuel taxes, registration and weight fees and vehicle license fees. During fiscal year 2005-06, $8.4 billion was derived from the ownership or operation of motor vehicles. About $3.4 billion of this revenue was returned to local governments. The remainder was available for various State programs related to transportation and services to vehicle owners.

Taxes on Tobacco Products

As a result of Proposition 99, approved by the voters in 1988, and Proposition 10, approved by the voters in 1998, the State imposes an excise tax on cigarettes of 87 cents per pack and the equivalent rates on other tobacco products. Tobacco product excise tax revenues are earmarked as follows:

 

  1. Fifty cents of the per-pack tax on cigarettes and the equivalent rate levied on non-cigarette tobacco products are deposited in the California Children and Families First Trust Fund and are allocated primarily for early childhood development programs.

 

  2. Twenty-five cents of the per-pack tax on cigarettes and the equivalent rates levied on non-cigarette tobacco products are allocated to the Cigarette and Tobacco Products Surtax Fund. These funds are appropriated for anti-tobacco education and research, indigent health services, and environmental and recreation programs.

 

  3. Ten cents of the per-pack tax is allocated to the State’s General Fund.

 

  4. The remaining two cents of the per-pack tax is deposited into the Breast Cancer Fund.

STATE EXPENDITURES

Local Governments

The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from approximately 1,200 in Alpine County to approximately 10 million in Los Angeles County. Counties are responsible for the provision of many basic services, including indigent health care, welfare, jails, and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also 478 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities, and other services. The fiscal condition of local governments has been constrained since Proposition 13, which added Article XIII A to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose “special taxes” (those devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Proposition 218, another constitutional amendment enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited

 

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the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. Counties, in particular, have had fewer options to raise revenues than many other local government entities, while they have been required to maintain many services.

In the aftermath of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 schools and community colleges by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.

The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 (described below) dramatically changed the State-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between the Governor and local government officials (the “State-local agreement”) in connection with the 2004 Budget Act. One change relates to the reduction of the vehicle license fee (“VLF”) rate from 2 percent to 0.65 percent of the market value of the vehicle. In order to protect local governments, which have previously received all VLF revenues, the reduction in VLF revenue to cities and counties from this rate change was replaced by an increase in the amount of property tax revenues they receive.

As part of the State-local agreement, Proposition 1A (“Proposition 1A”) was approved by the voters at the November 2004 election. Proposition 1A amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State’s access to local governments’ property, sales, and vehicle license fee revenues as of November 3, 2004. Beginning with fiscal year 2008-09, the State will be able to borrow up to 8 percent of local property tax revenues, but only if the Governor proclaims such action is necessary due to a severe State fiscal hardship, two-thirds of both houses of the Legislature approves the borrowing and the amount borrowed is required to be paid back within three years. The State also will not be able to borrow from local property tax revenues for more than two fiscal years within a period of 10 fiscal years, and only if previous borrowings have been repaid. In addition, the State cannot reduce the local sales tax rate or restrict the authority of the local governments to impose or change the distribution of the statewide local sales tax. Proposition 1A also prohibits the State from mandating activities on cities, counties or special districts without providing the funding needed to comply with the mandates. Beginning in fiscal year 2005-06, if the State does not provide funding for the activity that has been determined to be mandated, the requirement on cities, counties or special districts to abide by the mandate is slated to be suspended. In addition, Proposition 1A expanded the definition of what constitutes a mandate to encompass State action that transfers to cities, counties and special districts financial responsibility for a required program for which the State previously had partial or complete responsibility. The State mandate provisions of Proposition 1A do not apply to schools or community colleges or to mandates relating to employee rights.

Vehicle License Fee

Prior to enactment of the 2004 Budget Act, vehicle license fees were assessed in the amount of two percent of a vehicle’s depreciated market value for the privilege of operating a vehicle on California’s public highways. A program to offset (or reduce) a portion of the VLF paid by vehicle owners was established by Chapter 322, Statutes of 1998. Beginning January 1, 1999, a permanent offset of 25 percent of the VLF paid by vehicle owners became operative. In 2000, a one-time offset of 35 percent took effect, resulting in a 1.3 percent rate paid by vehicle owners. In 2001, the offset was increased to 67.5 percent of two percent, resulting in an effective rate of 0.65 percent. This level of offset provided tax relief of $4.3 billion in fiscal year 2003-04.

In connection with the offset of the VLF, the Legislature authorized appropriations from the State General Fund to “backfill” the offset so that local governments, which receive all of the vehicle license fee revenues, would not experience any loss of revenues. The legislation that established the VLF offset program also provided

 

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that if there were insufficient General Fund moneys to fully “backfill” the VLF offset, the percentage offset would be reduced proportionately (i.e., the license fee payable by drivers would be increased) to assure that local governments would not be disadvantaged. In June 2003, the Director of Finance under the Davis Administration ordered the suspension of VLF offsets due to a determination that insufficient General Fund moneys would be available for this purpose, and, beginning in October 2003, the VLF paid by vehicle owners was restored to the 1998 level. However, the offset suspension was rescinded by Governor Schwarzenegger on November 17, 2003, and offset payments to local governments resumed. Local governments received “backfill” payments totaling $3.80 billion in fiscal year 2002-03 and $3.1 billion in fiscal year 2003-04. In addition, the State-local agreement also provided for the repayment by August 2006 of the approximately $1.2 billion that was not received by local governments from July to October of 2003, which is the time period between the suspension of the offsets and the implementation of higher fees.

Beginning in fiscal year 2004-05, the State-local agreement permanently reduced the VLF rate to 0.65 percent, and eliminated the General Fund offset program. The State Constitution, amended by the voter approval of Proposition 1A in the November 2004 election, codifies the obligation of the State to provide replacement revenues to local governments for revenues lost as a result of the decrease in VLF rate below the current level of 0.65 percent of the market value of the vehicle.

The 2005 Budget Act provided for the early repayment, in fiscal year 2005-06, of the whole $1.2 billion in VLF backfill payments owed to local governments. This payment took place in August 2005.

Trial Courts

Prior to legislation enacted in 1997, local governments provided the majority of funding for the State’s trial court system. The legislation consolidated the trial court funding at the State level in order to streamline the operation of the courts, provide a dedicated revenue source, and relieve fiscal pressure on the counties. The State’s trial court system is slated to receive approximately $2.6 billion in State resources in fiscal years 2006-07 and 2007-08 and $499 million in resources from the counties in each fiscal year.

Welfare System

The entire statewide welfare system was changed in response to the change in federal welfare law enacted in 1996. Under the CalWORKs program, counties are given flexibility to develop their own plans, consistent with State law, to implement the program and to administer many of its elements. Counties are still required to provide “general assistance” aid to certain persons who cannot obtain welfare from other programs.

Welfare System

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193, the “Law”) fundamentally reformed the nation’s welfare system. The Law included provisions to: (i) convert Aid to Families with Dependent Children (“AFDC”), an entitlement program, to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”), a block grant program with lifetime time limits on TANF recipients, work requirements and other changes; (ii) deny certain federal welfare and public benefits to legal noncitizens (subsequent federal law has amended this provision), allow states to elect to deny additional benefits (including TANF) to legal noncitizens, and generally deny almost all benefits to illegal immigrants; and (iii) make changes in the Food Stamp program, including to reduce maximum benefits and impose work requirements. The TANF block grant formula under the Law is operative through September 30, 2010, as further described below.

Chapter 270, Statutes of 1997, embodies California’s response to the federal welfare systems. Effective January 1, 1998, California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (“CalWORKs”) replaced the former AFDC and Greater Avenues to Independence programs. Consistent with the federal law, CalWORKs contains time limits on the receipt of welfare aid, both lifetime as well as current period. The centerpiece of CalWORKs is the linkage of eligibility to work participation requirements.

 

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Caseload under CalWORKs is projected to decrease by a modest amount in 2007-08. The revised CalWORKs caseload projections are 461,200 cases in fiscal year 2006-07 and 457,500 cases in 2007-08. This still represents a major decline in caseload from the rapid growth of the early 1990s, when caseload peaked at 921,000 cases in fiscal year 1994-95. Since CalWORKs’ inception in January 1998, caseload has declined by over 35 percent.

The federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 included legislation that reauthorized and extended the TANF program until September 30, 2010. The reauthorization legislation modifies countable work activities under TANF and applies new federal work participation rates to separate state programs. In addition, because reauthorization legislation effectively eliminates the State’s caseload reduction credit, the bulk of the CalWORKs caseload is expected to be subject to the 50 percent work participation level beginning in federal fiscal year 2007. Considerable improvement in work participation rates must be achieved to avoid federal penalties, which could cost the State and counties more than $1.5 billion over a five-year period beginning in 2009-10. Efforts to address improving work participation began during 2006-07, and the State has indicated that it is continuing to identify and evaluate additional options that place greater emphasis on work participation and reduce reliance upon public assistance to significantly improve the ability of the State and counties to meet federal work requirements in the TANF program.

Although California’s policy to date has been to limit total CalWORKs spending to only the available federal TANF block grant and combined State and county maintenance of effort (“MOE”) funds, the 2007 Budget Act identifies MOE expenditures in excess of the required level. By identifying expenditures of $385.5 million in 2007-08 to be counted toward the MOE in excess of the required level, California’s caseload reduction credit will increase by an estimated 10 percent in federal fiscal year 2009.

The 2007 Budget Act includes total CalWORKs-related expenditures of $7.2 billion for 2007-08, compared to $7 billion for the revised 2006-07 level. Both years include augmentations of $191.9 million for employment services to enable recipients to move off of aid and into sustainable employment, $90 million for counties to implement program improvements that lead to better outcomes and increased work participation rates for CalWORKs recipients, and $140 million to support county administration. The 2007 Budget Act also makes available $40 million in Pay for Performance incentive funds for those counties that achieved improved program outcomes during 2006-07. The 2007 Budget Act includes a TANF reserve of $55.5 million, which is available for unanticipated needs in any program for which TANF block grant funds are appropriated, including CalWORKs benefits, employment services, county administration, and child care costs.

In an effort to address the State’s structural deficit, the 2007 Budget Act includes several measures that will provide substantial General Fund relief without reducing CalWORKs benefits, including suspending the 2007-08 cost-of-living adjustment, utilizing available Proposition 98 resources in lieu of federal TANF funds to fully fund Stage 2 child care, and allocating a portion of TANF reserve funds on a one-time basis to offset General Fund costs in the program. These and several other measures are projected to generate over $546 million General Fund savings in 2007-08.

Health Programs

Medi-Cal

Medi-Cal, California’s Medicaid program, is a health care entitlement program for low-income individuals and families who receive public assistance or otherwise lack health care coverage. Medi-Cal serves just over one in six Californians. Federal law requires Medi-Cal to provide a set of basic services such as doctor visits, laboratory tests, x-rays, hospital inpatient and outpatient care, hospice, skilled nursing care, and early periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment. Also, federal matching funds are available if states choose to provide any of numerous optional benefits. The federal government pays for half of the cost of providing most Medi-Cal services in California, including optional benefits. A wide range of public and private providers and facilities

 

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delivers these services. Providers are reimbursed by the traditional fee-for-service method or by capitated payments from managed care plans. Approximately 3.3 million Medi-Cal beneficiaries (almost half of the people receiving Medi-Cal benefits and services) are currently enrolled in managed care plans. To help control program costs the State continues to transition fee-for-service counties to managed care.

Medi-Cal expenditures were estimated to be $35.4 billion ($13.6 billion from the General Fund), in 2006-07 and $37.0 billion ($14.3 billion General Fund) in 2007-08. The $1.6 billion ($649.6 million General Fund) increase in 2007-08 is due primarily to increases in caseload, utilization, and costs for services.

Average monthly caseload in Medi-Cal was estimated to be 6.5 million in 2006-07. Caseload is expected to increase in 2007-08 by approximately 51,600, or 0.8 percent, to 6.6 million eligible people, as compared to an expected 1.2 percent increase in the State’s population over the same period.

On February 8, 2006, President Bush signed the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which makes several changes to the federal Medicaid program that will impact Medi-Cal. The most significant fiscal change will require, beginning October 2009, states’ managed care quality improvement fees to be assessed on all managed care plans, not just on those serving Medicaid beneficiaries. Without conforming statutory changes, the State would lose approximately $250 million in annual federal revenues beginning in 2009-10 due to non-compliance because current California law permits the State to only collect managed care quality improvement fees on managed care plans serving Medi-Cal beneficiaries.

In addition, the federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 requires, as a condition of receiving federal funds, that the Medi-Cal program verify the citizenship of those individuals who declare that they are citizens of the United States. Under this new provision, these individuals are required to show proof of identity and citizenship at the time of application and upon redetermination. This provision does not apply to or otherwise affect people who are applying for Medi-Cal as immigrants. California’s statutory language now implements this change. State-level regulatory guidance is being developed as more specific implementation information becomes available from the federal government. The 2007 Budget Act includes $50.4 million ($25.2 million General Fund) in costs for county level implementation activities.

The 2007 Budget Act includes $108 million ($54 million General Fund) to provide rate adjustments for Medi-Cal managed care plans. The rate changes are based on recommendations made by an independent consultant to improve the Department of Health Care Services’ rate-setting methodology and ensure continued federal financial participation for the Medi-Cal managed care program.

SSI/SSP

The federal Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) program provides a monthly cash benefit to eligible seniors and persons with disabilities who meet the program’s income and resource requirements. In California, the SSI payment is augmented with a State Supplementary Payment (“SSP”) grant. The 2007 Budget Act includes $3.7 billion from the General Fund for the SSI/SSP Program in 2007-08. This represents a 3.4 percent increase from the revised 2006-07 funding level. The average monthly caseload in this program is estimated to be 1.3 million recipients in 2007-08, a 1.8 percent increase over the 2006-07 projected level.

The 2007 Budget Act provides a pass-through of the federal COLA for the SSI/SSP program on January 1, 2008 and delays provision of the State SSI/SSP COLA from January 2008 to June 2008. Effective January 1, 2008, the federal SSI payment will increase by an estimated 1.97 percent and, effective June 1, 2008, the combined SSI/SSP payment will increase by 3.70 percent.

 

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Pension Trusts

The three principal retirement systems in which the State participates are the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”), the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (“CalSTRS”) and the University of California Retirement System (“UCRS”). The assets and liabilities of the funds administered by these systems, as well as certain other retirement funds administered by the State, are included in the financial statements of the State as fiduciary funds.

CalPERS

CalPERS administers the Public Employment Retirement Fund (“PERF”), which is a multiple employer defined benefit plan. In addition to the State, employer participants, as of June 30, 2006, included 1,053 school districts and 1,544 other public agencies. As of June 30, 2007, PERF had 1,048,895 active and inactive program members and 445,208 benefit recipients. The payroll for State employees covered by PERF for fiscal year 2005-06 was approximately $13.3 billion.

Employees, except those participating in the non-contributory, second tier plan (and who receive generally lower benefits) contribute to PERF based upon required contribution rates. Approximately 6.5 percent of the employees participate in the second tier plan. As part of a memorandum of understanding with the employee unions, the State agreed to suspend employee contributions for miscellaneous and industrial employees for fiscal years 2002-03 and 2003-04. The impact on the unfunded liability from suspending the employee contribution for two years was $354.5 million. These contributions will be repaid over the next thirty years through contributions toward the unfunded liability.

Contributions to PERF are determined annually on an actuarial basis. Payments into PERF are made from the employer contributions, including contributions by the State, and employee contributions. State contributions are made from the General Fund, Special Funds, and Non-Governmental Cost Funds. Approximately 55 percent of the State contributions to PERF are made from the General Fund.

Each employer (including the State) contributes an amount equal to the sum of the normal cost and amortization of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability, if any. Actuarial valuations of the PERF are performed as of June 30 of each year. The most recent valuation, as of June 30, 2006, showed an accrued unfunded liability allocable to State employees of $10.6 billion. The actuarial valuation for PERF was based upon an assumed 7.75 percent investment return. The weighted rates of return experienced by PERF over the past ten years, five years, and three years (in each case through fiscal year 2005-06) has been 9.0 percent, 7.5 percent, and 13.8 percent, respectively.

On April 19, 2005, the Board of Directors of CalPERS adopted a new policy for calculating the actuarial value of assets, spreading market value asset gains and losses over 15 years (rather than 3 years, as had been the practice) and changing the corridor limits for the actuarial value of assets from 90 percent—110 percent of market value to 80 percent—120 percent of market value. In addition, CalPERS will calculate the annual contribution amount with regard to gains and losses as a rolling 30 year amortization of all remaining unamortized gains or losses as opposed to the current 10 percent of such gains and losses. These changes are anticipated to reduce employer rate volatility by 50 percent.

The State and Schools Actuarial Valuation for the year ended June 30, 2006 uses the Market Value Asset (“MVA”) basis to report the funded status of the system rather than the Actuarial Value of Assets (“AVA”) basis as used in previous years. CalPERS notes that they are monitoring the funded status of the plan using the market value of assets to ensure that the new rate stabilization methods do not impair the security of benefits. The MVA funded ratios are more volatile than the actuarial funded ratios due to the smoothing effects of the actuarial value. Using the MVA basis in times when returns are profitable gives the perception of a larger funded status. However, a much lower funded status will be shown if the market slows down and returns decline. The AVA is used for rate setting purposes because it maintains some consistency over fluctuating markets through rate smoothing.

 

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CalSTRS

CalSTRS administers the Teacher’s Retirement Fund, which is an employee benefit trust fund created to administer the State Teachers’ Retirement Plan (“STRP”). STRP is a cost-sharing, multi-employer, defined benefit pension plan that provides retirement, disability and survivor benefits for teachers and certain other employees of the California public school system. STRP is comprised of three programs: the Defined Benefit Program (“DB Program”), the Defined Benefit Supplement Program (“DBS”), and the Cash Balance Benefit Program. Within the DB Program there is also a Supplemental Benefits Maintenance Account (“SBMA”) which provides purchasing power protection for retired members. As of June 30, 2006, the DB Program had approximately 1,400 contributing employers, approximately 586,966 active and inactive program members and 207,846 benefit recipients.

The State’s General Fund contributions to the DB Program and the SBMA are established by statute. The contribution rate to the DB Program is currently 2.017 percent of teacher payroll for the fiscal year ending in the immediately preceding calendar year. This percentage resulted in a $472 million contribution for fiscal year 2004-05. As of November 2007, the contribution rate to the SBMA is 2.5 percent of teacher payroll for the fiscal year ending in the immediately preceding calendar year. This percentage resulted in a $585 million contribution for fiscal year 2004-05. In 2004, CalSTRS actuaries determined that there was an unfunded liability associated with the 1990 benefit structure and, as a result, the State was required to pay an additional 0.524 percent ($92 million from the General Fund) in fiscal year 2004-05 and one quarterly payment of $31 million in fiscal year 2005-06 to the DB Program. The 2004 valuation of CalSTRS found the 1990 benefit structure to be fully funded and the State was not required to make this additional contribution in fiscal year 2005-06. In early 2006, an error in the calculation of teachers’ salaries was discovered in CalSTRS’ accounting system. As a result, it was determined that the unfunded liability associated with the 1990 benefit structure never existed. After discovering the accounting error, CalSTRS also determined that the State had overpaid the DB Program and the SBMA in fiscal year 2002-03 and underpaid these accounts in fiscal years 2003-04 through 2005-06, resulting in a net underpayment of $3.1 million. Overall, the accounting error resulted in the State making excess contributions to CalSTRS in the amount of $119.5 million. For the 2006 Budget Act, this amount was to be recognized as a prepayment of the amounts owing from the State to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund in 2006-07, which correspondingly was to reduce the remaining amount to be transferred in 2006-07 from the General Fund.

Each employer contributes 8.25 percent of payroll, while employees contribute 6 percent of pay. The most recent actuarial valuation of the DB Program, performed as of June 30, 2006 showed an actuarial accrued unfunded liability of $19.6 billion. The significant reduction in the unfunded liability of almost $3 billion since last year was largely due to the discovery of the error in CalSTRS’ accounting system. The actuarial valuation of the DB Program is based upon an assumed 8 percent investment return. The average net rate of return experienced by the DB Program over the past fifteen years, ten years and five years (in each case through fiscal year 2005-06) was 9.9 percent, 9.1 percent, and 7.8 percent, respectively.

UC Regents

The University of California Retirement System consists of: (i) a retirement plan, which is a single employer defined benefit plan funded with university and employee contributions (“UCRP”); (ii) a voluntary early retirement incentive program, which is a defined benefit plan for employees who take early retirement (“PERS-VERIP”); and (iii) three defined contribution plans. As of June 30, 2006, plan membership totaled 220,307, comprised of 122,317 active members, 52,548 inactive members (includes terminated nonvested employees who are eligible for a refund), and 45,442 retirees and beneficiaries receiving benefits.

The State does not make any contributions to the University of California Retirement System. As of June 30, 2006, employee and employer contributions were not required to UCRP and PERS-VERIP, due to the fully funded status of each plan.

 

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Post Retirement Benefits

The State also provides post-employment health care and dental benefits to its employees and their spouses and dependents, when applicable, and recognizes these costs on a “pay-as-you-go” basis. The cost of these benefits in fiscal year 2007-08 is estimated at $1.08 billion, in comparison to an estimated $1.02 billion in fiscal year 2006-07, and $895 million in fiscal year 2005-06. It is anticipated that these costs will continue to grow in the future. As of June 30, 2006, approximately 137,583 retirees were enrolled to receive health benefits and 111,792 to receive dental benefits. The employer contribution for health premiums maintains the average 100/90 percent contribution formula established in the Government Code. Under this formula, the State averages the premiums of the four largest health benefit plans in order to calculate the maximum amount the State will contribute toward the retiree’s health benefits. The State also contributes 90 percent of this average for the health benefits of each of the retiree’s dependents. Employees vest for this benefit after serving ten years with the State. With ten years of service credit, employees are entitled to 50 percent of the State’s full contribution. This rate increases by 5 percent per year and with 20 years of service, the employee is entitled to the full 100/90 formula.

This year’s negotiations with insurance providers produced an increased employer contribution rate of 6.3 percent for health benefits. The 2007-08 May Revision included a budgeted amount of $1.131 billion for post-employment benefits for fiscal year 2007-08, continuing the “pay as you go” policy which has been in effect. The Legislature reduced the 2007-08 May Revision budgeted amount by $20.9 million to reflect the final employer contribution rates adopted by the CalPERS Board of Administration on June 19, 2007. The final 2007-08 budgeted amount for Health and Dental Benefits for Annuitants is $1.139 billion. This amount was based in part on adoption by the CalPERS Board of Administration of requirements for increased co-payments by plan members, approval of Blue Shield’s discontinuance of its Health Maintenance Organization (“HMO”) coverage in four high-cost counties and the discontinuance of the Western Health Advantage HMO coverage, which reduces the State’s cost. CalPERS’ staff have also recommended, and the CalPERS Board of Administration has adopted, guidelines specifying that health benefits should be increasing by no more than ten percent annually in the near term and the rate of growth should trend down to 4.5% over ten years. The Administration has also taken into account the estimate contained in the actuarial report described below of the State’s cost for health care premiums for fiscal year 2007-08. Pending completion of a study due in January, 2008, the Administration has not proposed any method for pre-funding retiree health care costs.

On June 21, 2004, the Governmental Accounting Standard Board released its Statement No. 45, Accounting and Financial Reporting by Employers for Postemployment Benefits Other Than Pensions (“Statement No. 45”). Statement No. 45 establishes standards for the measurement, recognition, and display of post-employment healthcare as well as other forms of post-employment benefits, such as life insurance, when provided separately from pension plan expenditures and related liabilities in the financial reports of state and local governments. Under Statement No. 45, governments will be required to: (i) measure the cost of benefits, and recognize other post-employment benefits expense, on the accrual basis of accounting in periods that approximate employees’ years of service; (ii) provide information about the actuarial liabilities for promised benefits associated with past services and whether, or to what extent, the future costs of those benefits have been funded; and provide information useful in assessing potential demands on the employer’s future cash flows. Statement 45 reporting requirements are effective for the State in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2007. The State plans to include the actuarial computation of its liability for post-employment health care benefits in the 2007-08 financial statements.

The State Controller’s Office entered into a contract with a private actuarial firm, Gabriel Roeder Smith & Company, to calculate the State’s liability for these benefits. The report was released on May 7, 2007. The report was based on a variety of data and economic, demographic and healthcare trend assumptions concerning matters such as demographic trends and growth of health care costs which are described in the report. The actuarial valuation covers the cost estimates for existing employees and retirees. The main objective of the report was to estimate the Actuarial Accrued Liability (“AAL”), which is the present value of future retiree healthcare costs attributable to employee service earned in prior fiscal years. The report looked at three different scenarios: (1) continuation of the “pay as you go” policy; (2) a “full funding” policy under which assets would be set aside

 

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to prepay the future obligations, similar to the way in which pension obligations are funded, and (3) a “partial funding” policy which was halfway between the two other scenarios. According to the actuarial valuation as of July 1, 2007, the current pay-as-you go funding policy results in an AAL of $47.88 billion, an annual required contribution of $3.59 billion, estimated employer contributions of $1.36 billion and an expected net other post employment benefits (“OPEB”) obligation of $2.23 billion for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2008.

The long-term costs for other post-employment benefits may negatively affect the State’s financial reports and impact its credit ratings if the State does not adequately manage such costs.

Public Employee Post-Employment Benefits Commission

In late December 2006, the Governor created a Public Employee Post-Employment Benefits Commission, with a mandate to present a report to the Governor and the Legislature by January 1, 2008. The twelve members of the Commission were appointed on February 20, 2007. The Commission was directed to (i) identify, for the State and local governments, the amount and extent of unfunded post-employment retirement benefits, (ii) compare different approaches to address such unfunded benefits, (iii) consider the advantages from providing other post-employment benefits, and (iv) propose a plan or plans for addressing unfunded post-employment benefits. This Commission is the first step in fulfilling the Governor’s commitment to examine the entire issue of post-employment benefits promised to employees of cities, counties, special districts, school districts, and the State, and propose a well-reasoned plan to pay for these benefits.

PRIOR FISCAL YEARS’ BUDGETS

Fiscal Years Prior to 2006-07

Following a half decade of strong economic and revenue growth in the late 1990’s and into 2000, during fiscal year 2001-02, as the State and national economies fell into a recession and the stock markets dropped significantly, the State experienced an unprecedented drop in revenues compared to the prior year largely due to reduced personal income taxes from stock option and capital gains activity. During the three fiscal years between 2001-02 and 2003-04, the State encountered severe budgetary difficulties because of reduced revenues and failure to make equivalent reductions in expenditures, resulting in successive budget deficits. The budgets for these years included substantial reliance on one-time measures, internal borrowing, and external borrowing. The State also faced a cash flow crisis during this period which was relieved by the issuance of Revenue Anticipation Warrants in June 2002 and June 2003 and Economic Recovery Bonds in the spring of 2004.

2004 Budget Act

While the 2004 Budget Act was aided by a recovering State economy and increased revenues, balancing of the budget still required a number of one-time actions. These included application of proceeds of the Economic Recovery Bonds sold in the spring of 2004 and of tobacco securitization bonds, and suspension of Proposition 42 transfer of certain sales taxes to transportation purposes. The 2004 Budget Act also used the second year of borrowing from local governments. In summary, the 2004 Budget Act addressed a projected $13.9 billion budget shortfall through expenditure cuts ($4.0 billion or 28.7 percent), cost avoidance ($4.4 billion or 31.7 percent), fund shifts ($1.6 billion or 11.2 percent), loans or borrowing ($2.1 billion or 15.4 percent), and transfers and other revenue ($1.8 billion or 13.0 percent).

Final estimates relating to the 2004-05 fiscal year, as released in the 2006-07 Governor’s Budget in January, 2006, showed that the State experienced substantially more favorable results than were projected at the time the 2004 Budget Act was signed. As a result of revised estimates for years prior to 2004-05, tax amnesty payments and improved economic results which generated major increases in tax revenues, the Administration estimated that total prior year resources, plus revenues and transfers for 2004-05, were more than $9.1 billion higher than

 

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originally estimated. Expenditures increased by about $1.1 billion. As a result, the fund balance at June 30, 2005 was estimated at about $9.6 billion, of which $9.1 billion was in the Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (“SFEU”), compared to the original 2004 Budget Act estimate of $768 million in the SFEU.

2005 Budget Act

The 2005 Budget Act was adopted by the Legislature on July 7, 2005, along with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on July 11, 2005. In approving the budget, the Governor vetoed $190 million in appropriations (including $115 million in General Fund appropriations).

Under the 2005 Budget Act, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to increase 5.7 percent, from $79.9 billion in fiscal year 2004-05 to $84.5 billion in fiscal year 2005-06. The revenue projections assumed continued but moderating growth in California’s economy as reflected in several key indicators. The 2005 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $90.0 billion, compared to $81.7 billion in 2004-05. The difference between revenues and expenditures in fiscal year 2005-06 was funded by using a part of the fund balance at June 30, 2005. The June 30, 2006 reserve was projected to be $1.302 billion. About $900 million of this reserve was to be set aside for payment in fiscal year 2006-07 of tax refunds and other adjustments related to the tax amnesty program implemented in early 2005.

The 2005 Budget Act provided full funding for Proposition 98, increased funding for higher education, some cost savings in health and welfare costs by deferring cost of living increases, and full funding for retirement fund contributions. The 2005 Budget Act provided for early repayment of a loan previously obtained from local governments related to change in funding for the Vehicle License Fee, and fully funded the Proposition 42 transfer of sales taxes on motor vehicle fuels for transportation programs, which had been suspended in the previous two years. The 2005 Budget Act had much less reliance on one-time measures than the budgets of the immediately preceding years, but did include receipt of $525 million from refinancing of tobacco securitization bonds. There were no tax increases.

Final estimates relating to the 2005-06 fiscal year, as released in the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget in January, 2007, showed that the State experienced substantially more favorable results than were projected at the time the 2005 Budget Act was signed. As a result of revised estimates for years prior to 2005-06 and improved economic results which generated major increases in tax revenues, the Administration estimates that total prior year resources, plus revenues and transfers for 2005-06, were about $93.4 billion, nearly $9.0 billion more than originally estimated. Expenditures increased by about $1.6 billion primarily for expenditures required by Proposition 98. As a result, the fund balance at June 30, 2006 was estimated at about $10.8 billion, of which $10.1 billion was in the SFEU, compared to the original 2005 Budget Act estimate of $1.3 billion in the SFEU.

2006 Budget Act

The 2006 Budget Act was adopted by the Legislature on June 27, 2006, along with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on June 30, 2006. In approving the budget, the Governor vetoed $112 million in appropriations (including $62 million in General Fund appropriations).

Under the 2006 Budget Act, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to increase 1.2 percent, from $92.7 billion in fiscal year 2005-06 to $93.9 billion in fiscal year 2006-07. The 2006 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $101.3 billion, compared to $92.7 billion in 2005-06. This included more than $4.9 billion, or 4.7 percent of total General Fund resources available, to address the State’s debt by establishing a budget reserve of $2.1 billion and making early debt repayments of $2.8 billion. The difference between revenues and expenditures in 2006-07 was funded by using a large part of the 2006-07 beginning fund balance. The June 30, 2007 reserve was projected to be $2.1 billion, compared to an estimated June 30, 2006 reserve of $9.5 billion.

 

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The 2006 Budget Act also contained Special Fund expenditures of $26.6 billion and Bond Fund expenditures of $3.6 billion. Special Fund revenues were estimated at $27.8 billion. Pursuant to the cash flow projections for the 2006 Budget Act, the State issued $1.5 billion of revenue anticipation notes to assist in its cash management program for the fiscal year.

The 2006 Budget Act was substantially similar to the 2006-07 May Revision proposals. Compared to the 2006-07 May Revision, however, it also assumed $299 million greater revenues for 2005-06 based on higher than expected revenues in May, and $19 million greater revenues in 2006-07 due to expanded sales tax licensing and collection programs. The 2006 Budget Act contained the following major General Fund components:

 

  1. Repayments and prepayments of prior obligations—The 2006 Budget Act included $2.812 billion of repayments and/or prepayments of prior obligations as follows: (1) $1.415 billion for advance payment of a portion of the 2003-04 and 2004-05 Proposition 42 suspensions (includes $200 million pre-payment from a special fund); (2) $472 million for early retirement of the Economic Recovery Bonds under Proposition 58; (3) $296 million to repay/prepay non-Proposition 98 mandates; (4) $347 million to repay/prepay loans from special funds; (5) $150 million to prepay Proposition 98 Settle-Up (reflected in prior year and does not affect 2006-07 operating deficit); (6) $100 million to prepay flood control subventions; and (7) $32 million set aside to pay debt service on general obligation bonds in fiscal year 2007-08.

 

  2. Reduction of the operating deficit—The 2006 Budget Act projected that after adjusting for repayments or prepayments of prior obligations and one-time investments, the net operating deficit would be $3.3 billion.

 

  3. Proposition 98—The 2006 Budget Act included Proposition 98 General Fund expenditures at $41.3 billion, which was an increase of $2.9 billion, or 7.5 percent, compared to the revised 2005-06 estimate. When property taxes were taken into account, the total Proposition 98 guarantee was $55.1 billion, which was an increase of $3.1 billion, or 5.9 percent. The 2006 Budget Act continued to propose to spend at the level of the Proposition 98 guarantee assuming that the 2004-05 suspension had only been $2 billion. It also continued to include $426 million above this level to implement Proposition 49. Furthermore, to resolve the pending lawsuit regarding Proposition 98 funding, the State agreed to calculate the Proposition 98 guarantee consistent with the legislative intent language contained in Chapter 213, Statutes of 2004. As a result, the State expects to pay $2.9 billion in settle-up funding, comprised of approximately $1.6 billion and $1.3 billion to count toward the Proposition 98 guarantees for 2004-05 and 2005-06, respectively.

 

  4. K-12 Education—The 2006 Budget Act included $67.1 billion in spending from all funds on K-12 education, an increase of $2.9 billion from the revised 2005-06 estimate. General Fund expenditures were set at $40.5 billion (including funds provided for prior year settle-up obligations), an increase of $2.7 billion, or 7 percent. Total per-pupil expenditures from all fund sources were projected to be $11,264, an increase of $516, or 4.8 percent from the revised 2005-06 level.

 

  5. Higher Education—The 2006 Budget Act included General Fund expenditures at $11.4 billion, an increase of $973 million, or 9.4 percent. The 2006 Budget Act marked the second year of funding for the Higher Education Compact. The Compact was signed in Spring 2004 with both University of California and California State University to provide funding stability and preserve educational quality over the following six fiscal years in exchange for improved accountability in a variety of key student performance measures. The 2006 Budget Act included additional funding of $75 million for University of California and $54.4 million for California State University so that student fees in 2006-07 remained at 2005-06 levels.

 

  6. Health and Human Services—The 2006 Budget Act included $29.3 billion General Fund to be spent on Health and Human Services programs, which was an increase of $2.5 billion, or 8.7 percent, from the revised 2005-06 estimate. This increase was primarily due to caseload, population, and other workload increases as well as a one-time investment of $214 million ($180 million General Fund) on health care surge capacity needs.

 

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  7. Transportation Funding—The 2006 Budget Act included $1.42 billion to fully fund Proposition 42 in 2006-07 and $1.415 billion, including interest, for advance payment of a portion of the 2003-04 and 2004-05 Proposition 42 suspensions ($200 million to be repaid from a special fund). The 2005 Budget Act assumed repayment of a portion of outstanding transportation loans with $1 billion in bond proceeds derived from certain Indian gaming revenues to specified transportation programs. This transportation funding package would have provided $465 million to the State Highway Account, $290 million to the Traffic Congestion Relief Program, $122 million to the Public Transportation Account, and $122 million to cities and counties. There are several pending lawsuits that, as of February 24, 2008, have prevented the bonds from being sold to date, and an Executive Order was issued in June 2006 to use the $151 million in tribal gaming compact revenues that had been received to repay a portion of these loans. Bond proceeds in the amount of $849 million were anticipated in the enacted 2006-07 Budget, which would have provided $314 million to the State Highway Account, and would provide the same level of funding to the Traffic Congestion Relief Program, Public Transportation Account, and cities and counties as was originally proposed. Due to the delays caused by ongoing litigation, the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget anticipates expenditures of $100 million per year as revenues are received in 2006-07 and 2007-08, until the litigation is resolved. State law provides that these internal loans are not due and payable until funds are received from tribal gaming to repay them; thus, there is no demand placed on the General Fund for repayment due to these developments.

 

  8. Budget Stabilization Account—The 2006 Budget Act fully funded the transfer of $944 million to the Budget Stabilization Account (“BSA”), pursuant to Proposition 58. Half of this amount, or $472 million, is slated to remain in the BSA as a reserve. The other half was transferred for the purpose of early retirement of Economic Recovery Bonds. These transfers took place in September, 2006.

Fiscal Year 2006-07 revised estimates in the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget

The 2007-08 May Revision projected that the State would end fiscal year 2006-07 with a total reserve of $3.688 billion (including $472 million in the Budget Stabilization Account), up $1.586 billion from estimates made at the time of the 2006 Budget Act. The 2007 Budget Act projected that the State would have a budgetary (or “total”) reserve at June 30, 2007 of $4.1 billion, up $2 billion from the 2006 Budget Act estimate.

As of the adoption of the 2007 Budget Act, General Fund revenues and transfers for fiscal year 2006-07 were projected at $95.5 billion, an increase of $1.6 billion compared with 2006 Budget Act estimates. This increase is primarily due to the following: $1.358 billion higher Personal Income Tax; and $210 million additional Corporation Tax.

Under the 2007 Budget Act, General Fund expenditures for fiscal year 2006-07 were projected at $101.7 billion, an increase of $400 million compared with 2006 Budget Act estimates. This includes the following significant adjustments since the 2006 Budget Act: $453 million of increased non-Proposition 98 expenditures due to costs related to newly bargained labor contracts and retirement rate adjustments; $350 million of increased non-Proposition 98 expenditures due to a shift of prison facility infrastructure funding from 2007-08 to 2006-07 due to the passage of AB 900; $235 million of increased non-Proposition 98 expenditures due to carryovers from 2005-06; and $514 million of decreased expenditures in Proposition 98 mainly due to a decline in average daily attendance and increased local property tax revenues.

CURRENT STATE BUDGET

The discussion below of the 2007 Budget Act is based on estimates and projections of revenues and expenditures for the 2007-08 fiscal year and must not be construed as statements of fact. These estimates and projections are based upon various assumptions, which may be affected by numerous factors, including future economic conditions in the State and the nation, and there can be no assurance that the estimates will be achieved.

 

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2007 Budget Act

The 2007 Budget Act was adopted by the Legislature on August 21, 2007, along with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on August 24, 2007. In approving the budget the Governor vetoed $943 million in appropriations from the General Fund, special funds, and bond funds (including $703 million in General Fund appropriations).

The 2007 Budget Act signed by Governor Schwarzenegger includes the largest reserve of any budget act in the State’s history. The 2007-08 May Revision proposed a total reserve of $2.2 billion. Due to the shortfall in revenue collections that came to light in June 2007, and in recognition of the State’s continuing structural deficit and other potential threats, the Legislature took actions to reduce spending and increase funds available, thereby increasing the total reserve to an unprecedented $3.4 billion. The Governor further reduced spending with $703 million in General Fund vetoes, raising the total reserve to $4.1 billion. As a result, General Fund spending growth in this budget is held to $0.6 billion, or 0.6 percent.

Under the 2007 Budget Act, General Fund revenues and transfers are projected to increase 6.0 percent, from $95.5 billion in fiscal year 2006-07 to $101.2 billion in fiscal year 2007-08. The 2007 Budget Act contains General Fund appropriations of $102.3 billion, compared to $101.7 billion in 2006-07. The June 30, 2008 total reserve was projected to be $4.1 billion, similar to the estimated June 30, 2007 reserve.

The 2007 Budget Act is substantially similar to the Governor’s 2007-2008 May Revision proposals. It contains the following major General Fund components:

 

  1. Maximizing the Value of the State’s Student Loan Guarantee Function—The 2007 Budget Act assumes the sale of, or other contractual arrangement for the operation of, California’s student loan guarantee function, generating $1 billion in one-time revenue. The State’s student loan guarantee function is operated through a contract between the California Student Aid Commission (“CSAC”) and EdFund, a non-profit public benefit corporation established by CSAC. EdFund, the second largest guaranty operator in the nation, services student loans for students attending schools in California and throughout the nation. Over half of all loans serviced by EdFund are held by non-California students. This proposal will not adversely affect students’ access to loans or the interest rates students pay for loans (which are set by the federal government). Neither CSAC nor EdFund sets loan interest rates or charges students fees.

 

  2. Repayments and prepayments of prior obligations—The 2007 Budget Act includes $1 billion in prepayments of the Economic Recovery Bonds (“ERBs”) from moneys transferred to the BSA and $5 million of other budgetary debt repayments. This brings the total set aside to repay the ERBs to $6.8 billion in four years since the bonds were issued. As a result, the Department of Finance projects that the ERBs will be fully retired in February 2010, which is 14 years ahead of schedule.

 

  3. Budget Stabilization Account—The 2007 Budget Act fully funds the transfer of $2.045 billion to the BSA, the full amount pursuant to Proposition 58. Half of this amount, or $1.023 billion, will remain in the BSA as a rainy-day reserve, and is reported as a reduction of revenues. The other half will be transferred for the purpose of early retirement of ERBs.

 

  4. Operating Deficit in 2007-08—Prior to the adjustment for the $1.023 billion transfer to the BSA and as of November 2007, the 2007 Budget Act does not have an operating deficit. However, events subsequent to the 2007 Budget Act have reduced the reserve, and other developments may further require use of the reserves.

 

  5. Proposition 98—The 2007 Budget Act includes Proposition 98 General Fund expenditures of $41.5 billion, which is an increase of $712 million, or 1.7 percent, compared to the revised 2006-07 estimate. When property taxes are taken into account, the total Proposition 98 guarantee is $57.1 billion, which is an increase of $2.2 billion, or 3.9 percent. The 2007 Budget Act also continues to include $426 million above the 2006-07 Proposition 98 guarantee level to implement Proposition 49.

 

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  6. K-12 Education—The 2007 Budget Act includes $66.8 billion ($41.4 billion General Fund and $25.4 billion other funds) for K-12 education programs in 2007-08. This reflects an increase of $3.5 billion ($1.6 billion General Fund and $1.9 billion other funds). Total per-pupil expenditures are projected to increase by $378 to $11,541 in 2007-08, which includes funds for prior year settle-up obligations.

 

  7. Higher Education—The 2007 Budget Act reflects total funding of $19.7 billion, including $14 billion General Fund and Proposition 98 sources for all major segments of higher education (excluding infrastructure and stem cell research), which reflects an increase of $1.1 billion ($853 million General Fund and Proposition 98 sources) above the revised 2006-07 level. This includes funding for the compacts signed in 2004 with the University of California and the California State University.

 

  8. Health and Human Services—The 2007 Budget Act includes $29.7 billion General Fund for Health and Human Services programs, which is an increase of $301 million from the revised 2006-07 estimate. Total funding from all State funds for Health and Human Services programs is $38.0 billion, which is an increase of $1.6 billion from the revised 2006-07 estimate.

 

  9. Transportation Funding—The 2007 Budget Act includes $1.48 billion to fully fund Proposition 42 in 2007-08. Proposition 1A was passed in November 2006 and provides for the repayment of any remaining Proposition 42 debt by the year 2015-16. Pursuant to Proposition 1A, the Budget repays $83 million from the 2003-04 and 2004-05 Proposition 42 suspensions. Because the issuance of tribal gaming bonds continues to be delayed, the 2007 Budget Act also provides for the use of $100 million in tribal gaming compact revenues that will be received in 2006-07, 2007-08, and any future years until the bonds are sold, to repay past loans made from the State Highway Account, the Traffic Congestion Relief Fund, and the Public Transportation Account (“PTA”). Proposition 1B was also passed in November 2006, providing $19.925 billion in bonding authority for a total of 16 programs intended to address a broad range of transportation priorities including rehabilitation and expansion of highways, transit and transit security, port security, and air quality. The authority for the use of any bond funds must be provided for in the Budget Act. The 2007 Budget Act provides a total of $4.2 billion in Proposition 1B funding.

On September 6, 2007, the California Transit Association filed a lawsuit with the Superior Court of Sacramento seeking an injunction to prohibit the use of $1.188 billion in 2007-08 revenues for a number of public transit related programs provided in the 2007 Budget Act and related legislation. The suit also seeks to prohibit similar uses of lesser amounts of these funds in future years. No date has been set for the trial. The 2007 Budget Act uses funding that otherwise would have been transferred to the PTA or used to fund other transit-related costs that had been funded from the General Fund in prior years, including $948 million for payment of debt service on transportation bonds and $228 million for transportation services provided to public school students and Developmental Services Regional Center clients. The court has issued a preliminary decision granting the plaintiffs’ request to invalidate a $409 million transfer from the PTA to the General Fund that was made for the purpose of reimbursing the General Fund for past debt but denying their petition in all other respects. The state has filed its objection to this decision. If successful, the lawsuit would result in more funds being available in the PTA, but would not result in additional expenditure authority for public transportation programs in the current year due to an appropriations cap.

 

  10. Lease of State Lottery—In the 2007-08 May Revision, the Governor proposed an examination of the potential benefits which could be derived from a lease of the State Lottery to private operators. The Governor indicated the belief that if private operators could substantially improve the returns from the Lottery—which currently operates below the national average in per capita receipts—the State may be able to realize substantial new income while still providing a guaranteed payment to schools. The Governor did not include any specific proposal in the 2007-08 May Revision, and the 2007 Budget Act does not include any increased revenue estimate based on such a transaction.

 

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  11. Revenue Actions—The 2007 Budget Act includes several revenue proposals that were in the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget. The most significant changes included the repeal of the teacher tax credit, resulting in an estimated revenue gain of $170 million in 2007-08, and additional efforts to reduce the “tax gap,” which tax professionals define as the difference between what taxpayers should pay and what is actually paid, which is estimated to result in $77.5 million in additional personal income tax and corporation tax revenues in 2007-08.

 

  12. Pension Obligation Bonds—The Court of Appeal for the Third Appellate District ruled that legislation authorizing the issuance of bonds to finance a portion of the State’s pension obligation is invalid. The State is not planning to appeal this decision. The 2007 Budget Act does not include pension obligation bonds for 2007-08 and the current Administration has stated that it will not be using pension obligation bonds in the future.

Budget Risks and Structural Deficit

For budget year 2007-08, the State faces a number of issues and risks that may impact the General Fund, and reduce the budget reserves included in the 2007 Budget Act (originally $4.1 billion). Some of the larger risk items include the following:

 

  1. Deterioration of revenues below 2007-08 May Revision estimates, primarily as a result of weaker economic conditions in the State.

 

  2. Delay in sale of, or other contractual arrangement for the operation of, the State’s student loan guarantee function operated through a non-profit entity, EdFund, past the current fiscal year, and/or lower sale price than was estimated in the 2007 Budget Act. If only delayed, this would not be a permanent revenue loss. The 2007 Budget Act assumes $1 billion in receipts from this sale. On October 19, 2007 the Department of Finance issued a Request for Qualifications from firms or individuals who are interested in acting as an advisor to the Director of Finance in determining how to maximize the value of the EdFund. The responses to the Request for Qualifications were due to the Department on November 7, 2007.

 

  3. The budget reserve has already been reduced by $500 million as a result of an adverse court ruling in a case involving delayed payments to the State Teachers’ Retirement Fund. The courts have determined that interest on this amount is due at the rate of 10 percent for pre-judgment interest and 7 percent for post-judgment interest. The State expects to ultimately pay at least $100 million in interest.

 

  4. Additional Proposition 98 spending because the State Controller’s Office’s initial property tax audit report, which is under review, indicates the property tax revenues reported by the schools is generally accurate, and does not support the assumptions in the 2007 Budget Act about property tax growth.

 

  5. Delay in implementation of new procedures for handling of unclaimed property. Transfer of unclaimed property to the General Fund has been enjoined by a court decision; the 2007 Budget Act assumed new procedures approved by the Legislature can be implemented this year which will result in approximately $700 million of receipts. On October 18, 2007, the federal judge overseeing this case approved the State’s procedures and lifted the injunction which had prevented the State from collecting unclaimed property funds.

 

  6. Additional costs for employee contracts.

 

  7. There are a variety of individual budget decisions in the area of health, welfare and social services, including litigation, each having an impact of $100 million or more, which may not meet expectations.

 

  8.

Four referenda were certified for the February 5, 2008 Statewide primary election ballot, which placed approval of four recently amended tribal gaming compacts before the people. The addition of these referenda to the ballot, at a minimum, delays the effective date of the four amended compacts executed in the Fall of 2006 and the tribes’ roll-out plans to add new Class III gaming devices authorized under

 

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the compacts. This would negatively affect General Fund revenues, but the extent is not known at this time. To the extent that the referenda nullify the ratification of the four compacts in question, the State would not realize approximately $190.1 million in 2007-08 and approximately $307.7 million in 2008-09 of the General Fund revenues that were assumed in the 2007 Budget Act.

 

  9. Potential impact on the General Fund reserve if the lawsuit challenging use of funds in the Public Transportation Account is successful.

Approximately $3.5 billion of the budget solutions included in the 2007 Budget Act were one-time actions, which cannot be repeated in 2008-09. Some of the larger one-time actions include sale or other arrangements to maximize value of the State’s student loan guarantee function operated through a nonprofit entity, EdFund, estimated at $1 billion, transfer of $657 million of proceeds from refinancing tobacco securitization bonds, use of $663 million of Public Transportation Account Funds to reimburse the General Fund primarily for debt service on transportation bonds and $437 million of Proposition 98 savings. In part because these one-time actions, and estimates of program growth based on existing statutory and constitutional requirements, the Administration projected at the time the 2007 Budget Act was adopted that, absent additional corrective measures, the 2008-09 fiscal year budget will be about $6.1 billion out of balance. Subsequent developments and weaker than projected revenues have caused the Administration to expect the operating deficit in 2008-09 will be higher than $6.1 billion, perhaps by a significant amount. As of November 2007, the Governor is expected to release his proposals for a balanced 2008-09 budget in January 2008.

Although the 2007 Budget Act was in operating balance at the time it was adopted, the Administration projected there would be an operating deficit of about $6.1 billion for 2008-09 absent further corrective actions. This is partly caused by the use of about $3.5 billion of one-time budget solutions in 2007-08, which cannot be replicated in 2008-09. As of November 2007, revenues for the current fiscal year to date have been lower than projected and continuing economic difficulties exist, particularly in the housing market. As a result the Administration currently expects the operating deficit for 2008-09 will be higher than $6.1 billion, perhaps by a significant amount. Lower than projected revenues in 2007-08, together with other developments, are expected to reduce the budgetary reserve originally projected at $4.069 billion at June 30, 2008. A number of elements of the 2007 Budget Act may not occur in the amounts or at the time anticipated. As of November 2007, the Administration expected to release its updated estimate of revenues and expenditures for 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09, including its estimate of the projected operating deficit to be closed for 2008-09, when it releases the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget in January, 2008.

On November 14, 2007, the Department of Finance issued its “Finance Bulletin” reporting actual General Fund receipts for the month of October, 2007 and year-to-date from July 1—October 31, 2007 (the “November Finance Bulletin”). Among other things, the November Finance Bulletin reported that year-to-date General Fund cash receipts reported by state departments (referred to as “agency cash”) were about $1.1 billion, or 3.8 percent, below the total of $29.205 billion forecasted amount for such receipts. The forecasts were made at the time of the 2007-08 May Revision, updated for any changes in receipts adopted as part of the 2007 Budget Act. The shortfall reported in the November Finance Bulletin comprised all three major revenue sources, with shortfalls of $525 million (3.5 percent) in personal income tax receipts, $435 million (4.5 percent) in sales and use tax receipts, and $60 million (1.9 percent) in corporation tax receipts. The November Finance Bulletin report for receipts in the month of October showed a shortfall of $324 million, or 5.0 percent, largely comprised of shortfalls in personal income taxes and sales and use taxes. However, it was noted that some taxpayers in Southern California affected by recent wildfires were granted a one month extension to file tax returns otherwise due on October 31, which might have affected sales and use tax receipts.

The State Controller’s monthly cash receipts report for October 2007 is included as Exhibit 2 to Appendix A and may also be obtained from the website of the State Controller (together with a Summary Analysis statement). Differences between the monthly receipts for October reported in the November Finance Bulletin and the Controller’s report in Exhibit 2 are largely the result of differences between the timing of recognition of receipts

 

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between the two offices and corresponding differences in the projections against which the receipts are compared. Results for the first four months of the fiscal year cannot be construed as a prediction of results for the entire fiscal year.

The November Finance Bulletin also reported that recent economic data confirmed ongoing effects of the housing slump in the state, with notable weakness in the construction and finance sectors. Nonfarm employment continued to increase, but at a lower rate than in 2006; job losses were seen, however, in housing-related sectors. Over the year from September 2006 to September 2007, nonfarm employment in the state rose by about 162,000, or 1.1 percent. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate had risen from 4.8 percent in March 2007 to 5.6 percent in September 2007, above the national rate of 4.7 percent. Many indicators in the housing sector were down significantly in September 2007. Residential permitting was the weakest month since 1998; nonresidential construction permits were down, and sales of existing single family homes were down 39 percent from year ago figures. The median home price in California fell almost 10 percent from August to September.

In late October 2007 the state experienced a series of large wildfires in seven counties in Southern California. While there has been significant loss of buildings, it is too early to estimate total damages or to predict whether the fires will ultimately have a noticeable impact on the state’s economy. The Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (“Cal Fire”) has notified the Department of Finance that it has and continues to incur significant costs associated with containing these wildfires. Total costs for Cal Fire’s “E-Fund” (its primary fund source for fighting fires) for this incident are currently estimated to be about $124 million, and its projected costs for all fires in fiscal year 2007-08 are estimated at about $218 million. This amount exceeds Cal Fire’s E-Fund budget of $82 million included in the 2007 Budget Act.

Costs above the budgeted amount will be paid from General Fund budget reserves. Because these fires have been declared a federal disaster, an estimated 75 percent of the state’s fire fighting costs should eventually be reimbursed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

California Strategic Growth Plan

In May 2006, the Legislature approved a $115.8 billion Strategic Growth Plan (“SGP”) package, which included $37.3 billion in new general obligation bonds which were approved by the voters at the November 7, 2006 election, $50.1 billion in existing funding, and $28.4 billion in new leveraged funding sources. In addition, California voters approved a $5.4 billion bond initiative for natural resource protection, water, and parks.

To complete the SGP, the Administration proposed additional funding for critical infrastructure improvement between now and 2016 using a combination of new general obligation ($29.4 billion), lease-revenue ($9.8 billion) and self-liquidating revenue bonds ($2.0 billion) totaling $41.2 billion to finance the SGP through 2016. The SGP has the following components: $7.4 billion for State and local correctional facilities—this portion of the SGP was implemented by enactment of Chapter 7, Statutes of 2007; $11.6 billion for K-12 education facilities; $11.6 billion for Higher Education facilities; $6.0 billion for water supply and management; $2.0 billion for the State’s judiciary facilities; and $2.6 billion for other public service infrastructure.

The SGP proposed that the new general obligation bonds be placed on the ballot in the 2008 and 2010 elections. Combined with the bonds already approved by the voters, other existing funding sources and leveraged funding through the use of public private partnerships, total funding for the SGP will be $210 billion.

While high speed rail could eventually be shown to be a cost-effective piece of the State’s long distance travel system, the Administration believes that benefits are not sufficient to outweigh the immediate needs included in the SGP. Therefore, the Administration is proposing to defer the High Speed Rail bonds indefinitely and will explore alternative project delivery approaches for the longer term.

 

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Prison Construction Program

On May 3, 2007, the Governor signed AB 900 (Chapter 7, Statutes of 2007) (“AB 900”), which provides for a critical expansion of capacity in the State prison system and additional funds for county jails. In addition to construction funding, AB 900 emphasized expanding rehabilitative programs and measuring outcomes through performance goals to reduce the high rate of recidivism among adult offenders.

The central feature of AB 900 is authorization for issuance of a total of up to $7.4 billion of lease-revenue bonds by the State Public Works Board in two phases. Prison Phase I, which may be implemented immediately, authorizes approximately $3.6 billion to finance (i) 12,000 new State prison beds to replace temporary housing for inmates in public spaces not designed for such uses, (ii) 6,000 re-entry beds for the incarceration of inmates who have served the majority of their terms near the communities into which they will eventually be released, and (iii) 6,000 medical, dental and mental health spaces. Prison Phase II may be implemented after a designated 3-member panel certifies that about 1/3 of the spaces specified in Prison Phase I are under construction and other specified rehabilitative program requirements have been met. Prison Phase II, which must be commenced by January 1, 2014, authorizes up to approximately $2.5 billion for (i) an additional 4,000 beds at existing State prisons, (ii) an additional 2,000 medical, dental and mental health beds, and (iii) an additional 10,000 spaces in re-entry housing.

AB 900 also authorizes funding for acquisition, design and construction of county jail facilities, subject to a 25% local match and certain designated priorities and standards. Prison Phase I consists of up to $750 million of lease revenue bonds, which must be issued by June 30, 2017. Upon certification that certain benchmarks are met for commencement of construction under Prison Phase I and Jail Phase I, up to $470 million in additional funds for county jails will be available under Prison Phase II. Litigation has been filed challenging the constitutionality of the lease revenue bond financing method included in AB 900, but on October 11, 2007, a Superior Court judge dismissed this lawsuit. The plaintiffs have appealed this dismissal.

In addition to authorization for new bonds, AB 900 appropriated $50 million from the General Fund for the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (“CDCR”) to expand rehabilitative programs and $300 million to complete various infrastructure and capacity improvements. These increased expenditures are included as adjustments to fiscal year 2006-07.

The 2007 Budget Act does not include funding for all of the potential fiscal impacts associated with AB 900. The Governor has convened multi-disciplinary “Strike Teams” to review and make recommendations on the programmatic and construction-related aspects of AB 900 implementation. Once the Strike Teams have evaluated the fiscal implications of AB 900, implementation plans and resource needs beyond those appropriated in AB 900 will be presented to the Legislature.

The 2007 Budget Act includes approximately $39 million General Fund in 2007-08, growing to $55.7 million General Fund in 2008-09, related to increased staffing and other prison’ reform efforts. Included in these totals is funding to fill vacant teacher positions in adult institutions, funding to transfer up to 5,060 inmates to correctional facilities in other states, and funding for CDCR’s Office of Facilities Management to provide immediate support to the prison construction projects authorized by AB 900.

LAO Assessment of the 2007 Budget Act

On November 14, 2007 the Legislative Analyst’s Office (“LAO”) released a report titled “California’s Fiscal Outlook—LAO Projections 2007-08 through 2012-13” (the “Report”). Among other things, this report projected that the 2007-08 budget situation has deteriorated by about $6 billion, which is more than the adopted reserves of $4.1 billion. The report also projects that about $10 billion of budget solutions will be needed to balance the 2008-09 budget. The following are excerpts from the first part of the Report titled “The Budget Outlook.”

 

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“At the time the 2007-08 Budget Act was enacted in August 2007, the budget plan focused on closing the gap between General Fund revenues and expenditures for the fiscal year. State revenues and expenditures were both projected to be $102.3 billion. The plan also had a $4.1 billion reserve.…”

“We have updated our forecast of the 2007-08 General Fund condition to reflect (1) key changes that have occurred since August and (2) updated revenue and expenditure forecasts. Almost all of these factors have been negative. … [T]he deterioration of the state’s budget outlook is due to a combination of a worsening economic and revenue picture, delayed benefits from budget solutions, and higher costs. We project that the state’s 2007-08 budget has deteriorated by a total of almost $6 billion. Consequently, rather than having a $4.1 billion reserve, the state faces a 2007-08 year-end deficit of $1.9 billion.…”

“[W]e project that 2008-09 will begin the year with a negative reserve of $1.9 billion. In 2008-09, we project revenues will climb to $103.5 billion, an increase of 4.6 percent from the current year. We project expenditures will total $111.4 billion, an increase of 7 percent. Consequently, under our current-law projections, the General Fund would be left with a 2008-09 year-end deficit of $9.8 billion absent corrective actions… Our forecast of an $8 billion gap between 2008-09 revenues and expenditures is worse than our earlier projections. This is largely the result of the ongoing impact of our reduced revenue forecast. Partially offsetting this decline is the shift in our forecast of revenues from 2007-08 to 2008-09 for the sale of EdFund and the receipt of federal child support automation rebate.…”

“[T]he state’s budget woes are projected to continue through 2012-13. In 2009-10, the state would once again face an operating shortfall of $8 billion. After that, the annual operating shortfall would drop to the range of $3 billion per year. The primary factor responsible for this decline in the shortfall after 2009-10 is that the $11.3 billion in previously issued deficit-financing bonds would be fully paid off in the spring of 2010. This will free up over $3 billion in annual debt service payments beginning in 2010-11.…”

LITIGATION

The State is a party to numerous legal proceedings. The following are the most significant pending proceedings, as reported by the Office of the Attorney General.

Challenge Seeking Payment to Teachers’ Retirement Board

In May 2003, the Legislature enacted legislation (Chapter 6, Statutes of 2003-04, First Extraordinary Session, Senate Bill No. 20, “SBX1 20”) that deferred the payment of $500 million to CalSTRS’s Supplemental Benefit Maintenance Account (“SBMA”). SBX1 20 also established an appropriation of an amount not to exceed $500 million, adjusted by the actual rate of return to funds in the SBMA, in 2006 and every four years thereafter, for the purpose of funding the SBMA. The actual amount of such appropriation, if any, will be determined following a report by the CalSTRS managing board that the funds in the SBMA will be insufficient in any fiscal year before July 1, 2036, to provide certain payments to CalSTRS members, and the certification of the amount of any such appropriation by the State’s Director of Finance. On October 14, 2003, the CalSTRS board and certain CalSTRS members filed a complaint in the Sacramento County Superior Court as Teachers’ Retirement Board, as Manager of the California State Teachers’ Retirement System, et al. v. Tom Campbell, Director of California Department of Finance, and Steve Westly, California State Controller (Case No. 03CS01503). This lawsuit seeks, primarily, to compel the State Controller to transfer funds from the State’s General Fund to the SBMA in an amount equal to the continuing appropriation, as it existed prior to the enactment of SBX1 20 ($500 million plus interest). The trial court declared that SBX1 20 unconstitutionally impairs CalSTRS members’ vested contractual rights, and ordered the State Controller to transfer $500 million from the General Fund to the SBMA. On August 30, 2007, the Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court’s holding regarding SBX1 20 (Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, Case No. C050889). Payment of $500 million has been made. The courts have determined that interest on this amount is due at the rate of 10 percent for pre-judgment interest and 7 percent for post-judgment interest.

 

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Action Seeking Modification of Retirement Formula for State Employees

In Joseph Myers et al. v. CalPERS et al. (Alameda County Superior Court, Case No. RG06-262495), pled as a class action on behalf of State employees over age 55 who will retire after January 1, 2001, asserts that Government Code Section 21354.1 “discriminates” against older workers in violation of the California Fair Employment and Housing Act because the statute changes the retirement formulas to give them a smaller percentage increase in benefits than it provided to younger workers. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and retroactive retirement benefits of an unspecified nature. Because it is unclear what retroactive retirement benefits are being sought, or whether they would be offset by reductions in benefits to younger workers, it is impossible at this time to quantify the magnitude of the fiscal impact; however, it may be in excess of $250 million. The trial court dismissed the complaint. Plaintiffs have appealed (Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case No. A117206).

Action Challenging Use of Vehicle Fuel Tax Revenue

In Shaw et al. v. Chiang et al. (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 07CS01179), the plaintiffs are challenging certain provisions of the 2007 Budget Act and related legislation. Plaintiffs assert that certain sales and use taxes collected on vehicle fuel were improperly appropriated to: (1) reimburse past debt service payments and to make current debt service payments on various transportation bonds; and (2) to fund various other transportation programs. The court has issued a preliminary decision granting the plaintiffs’ request to invalidate a $409 million transfer from the Public Transportation Account to the General Fund for the purpose of reimbursing the General Fund for past debt but denying their petition in all other respects. On February 13, 2008, the State filed its objection to this decision.

Tax Refund Cases

Six cases have been filed challenging the Franchise Tax Board’s treatment of proceeds from the investment of cash in short-term financial instruments, and the resulting impact on the apportionment of corporate income to a corporation’s California tax obligation. These cases are: General Motors Corp. v. Franchise Tax Board (2006) 39 Cal. 4th 773 (on remand Los Angeles Superior Court, Case No. BC269404); Microsoft Corporation v. Franchise Tax Board (2006) 39 Cal. 4th 750; The Limited Stores, Inc. and Affiliates v. Franchise Tax Board (Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case No. A102915); Toys “R” Us, Inc. v. Franchise Tax Board (Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, Case No. C045386); Montgomery Ward LLC v. Franchise Tax Board (San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. 802767); and Colgate-Palmolive v. Franchise Tax Board (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 03AS00707). On August 17, 2006, the California Supreme Court issued decisions in Microsoft and General Motors. In Microsoft, the Court affirmed the judgment in favor of the Franchise Tax Board. The Court concluded that while returned principal from investments in short-term financial instruments is a “receipt” for income apportionment purposes, the inclusion of returned principal in the income calculation results in an apportionment percentage that does not fairly reflect Microsoft’s business activities in California. The Court therefore upheld Franchise Tax Board’s use of an alternative apportionment method under Revenue and Taxation Code section 25137 that excluded returned principal from the calculation. In General Motors, as in Microsoft, the Court held that returned principal was a receipt, but also held that only the interest portion of proceeds from loans generally, and from repurchase transactions specifically, could be included in the income apportionment calculation. The Court remanded the General Motors case for a determination of the proper treatment of other treasury function investments entered into by the taxpayer in light of its decision in this case and in the Microsoft case. As of February 24, 2008, the General Motors case is pending in the trial court.

In The Limited case, the Court of Appeal affirmed the judgment in favor of the Franchise Tax Board on June 8, 2007. The Toys “R” Us case is pending in appellate court, and the Montgomery Ward and Colgate-Palmolive cases are pending in the trial courts. Until further guidance is provided by the courts, it is impossible to determine the extent of any fiscal impact upon State revenues.

 

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Three pending cases challenge the fee imposed by Revenue and Taxation Code section 17942 upon limited liability companies registered in California, alleging that it discriminates against interstate commerce and violates the U.S. Constitution. In the alternative, plaintiffs allege that the Franchise Tax Board misinterprets section 17942 and that section 17942 is an improper exercise of the State’s police powers. These cases are: Northwest Energetic Services, LLC v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC-05-437721; Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case Nos. A114805 and A115950); Ventas Finance I, LLC v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. 05-440001; Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case Nos. A116277 and A117751); and Bakersfield Mall LLC v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC07462728). In Northwest, the appeals court on January 31, 2008 affirmed the refund but reversed the award of attorney’s fees and remanded to the trial court the matter of the amount of attorney’s fees to be awarded for further consideration. In Ventas, the trial court has ruled in favor of plaintiffs, and, as of February 24, 2008, this matter is on appeal. Bakersfield Mall was filed on April 25, 2007, as a class action on behalf of all LLCs operating in California; if it proceeds as a class action the claimed refunds would be significant.

Four cases challenge the constitutionality of the State’s tax amnesty program: General Electric Company & Subsidiaries v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC 06-449157; Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case No. A115530); Garcia v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC 06-456659); Hargis v. Franchise Tax Board (San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. GIC 876431); and Duffield v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. 459331). Chapter 226, Statutes of 2004 (“SB 1100”) created an amnesty program for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2003. Under the program, taxpayers that had not paid or had underpaid an eligible tax could agree to pay the tax and waive their rights to claim refunds thereof. In exchange, certain penalties and fees associated with the unpaid taxes would be waived and no criminal actions would be brought for the taxable years for which amnesty was allowed. SB 1100 also imposed a new penalty equal to 50 percent of accrued interest as of March 31, 2005 on any unpaid tax liabilities ultimately determined to be due for taxable years 2002 and earlier for which amnesty could have been requested. In General Electric, no penalty has been assessed because the companies’ final tax liability for the years has not been determined. General Electric seeks a declaration that the amnesty penalty should not apply to tax liabilities that become final after the amnesty period and that are paid within the statutory payment period, or alternatively, that the amnesty penalty is unconstitutional because it violates due process. The trial court dismissed the complaint and after filing an appeal, on July 13, 2007, General Electric dismissed the appeal. The other three cases are pending in the trial court. In Garcia, the trial court eliminated plaintiff’s claim challenging the constitutionality of the tax amnesty penalty. The remaining claims have been submitted to the trial court judge for decision. On January 24, 2008, the court issued a preliminary decision directing the Tax Board to issue plaintiffs a refund and to pay their costs. An appeal of all issues, including the constitutional claim, is possible after a final decision is issued. The State has indicated, as of November 2007, that the fiscal impact of these cases is unknown and is dependent on court rulings, but is estimated to be in excess of $300 million.

In Bratton v. Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC 07-461671), plaintiff is challenging a penalty assessed for promotion of an abusive tax shelter. The amount in dispute is $4 million, but the State has indicated that an adverse ruling in this matter, applied to other similarly situated plaintiffs, could have a more significant fiscal impact.

Nortel v. State Board of Equalization (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC341568), a tax refund case, involves the interpretation of certain statutory sales and use tax exemptions for “custom-written” computer software and licenses to use computer software. The State has indicated that a ruling adverse to the State Board of Equalization in this matter if applied to other similarly situated taxpayers could have a significant negative impact, in the range of approximately $500 million annually, on tax revenues.

In two cases, Abbott Laboratories v. Franchise Tax Board (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC369808) and River Garden Retirement Home v. California Franchise Tax Board (San Francisco County

 

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Superior Court, Case No. 467783), plaintiffs are challenging the denial of a deduction for dividends under Revenue and Taxation Code section 24402. Section 24402 was held to be unconstitutional in Farmer Bros. Co. v. Franchise Tax Board (2003) 108 Cal. App. 4th 976, because it allowed a dividend deduction only to the extent the dividends were paid from income previously taxed by California. After this ruling, the Franchise Tax Board allowed a deduction for all dividends for years in which the normal 4-year statute of limitations prevented additional assessments and denied a deduction for all dividends for all taxpayers for all years in which the 4-year statute was still open. A denial of deductions is the remedy authorized by Revenue and Taxation Code section 19393. Plaintiff asserts that the proper remedy is to allow a deduction for all dividends based upon either a judicial reformation of the statute on constitutional grounds. An adverse ruling in this matter, applied in the context of other statutes, could have a significant revenue impact. In Abbott Laboratories, the trial court dismissed the complaint; plaintiff may appeal. In River Garden, the court ruled on February 8, 2008 that plaintiff was not entitled to the dividends received deduction. In River Garden, plaintiff also challenges the tax amnesty penalty imposed by the Franchise Tax Board on the tax deficiency. In its February 8, 2008 decision, the court did not rule on the question of whether the plaintiff is entitled to the amnesty penalty paid. The State has indicated that an adverse ruling in these matters, applied in the context of other statutes, could have a significant revenue impact.

Environmental Matters

In a federal Environmental Protection Agency (“U.S. EPA”) administrative abatement action entitled In the Matter of: Leviathan Mine, Alpine County, California, Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region, State of California (U.S. EPA Region IX CERCLA Docket No. 00-16(a)), the State, as owner of the Leviathan Mine, is a party through the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board. Also a party is the Atlantic Richfield Company (“ARCO”), the successor in interest to the mining company that caused certain pollution of the mine site. The Leviathan Mine site is listed on the U.S. EPA “Superfund” List, and both remediation costs and costs for Natural Resource Damages may be imposed on the State. The alleged bases for the State’s liability are the State’s ownership of the mine site and the terms of a 1983 settlement agreement between the State and ARCO. The Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board has undertaken certain remedial action at the mine site, but the U.S. EPA’s decision on the interim and final remedies is pending. ARCO has filed several State law claims against the State with the California Victim Compensation and Government Claims Board (an administrative agency with which certain claims must be filed as a prerequisite to litigation seeking damages against the State which was formerly named the Board of Control). Litigation on these claims was tolled by agreement among the parties until January 1, 2008. ARCO withdrew from the tolling agreement and filed a complaint in Los Angeles County Superior Court on November 9, 2007, against the state, the State Water Resources Control Board, and the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board. Atlantic Richfield Co. v. State of California (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC380474). ARCO seeks to recover past and future costs, based on the settlement agreement, the state’s ownership of the property, and the state’s allegedly negligent past clean up efforts. The State has indicated that it is possible these matters could result in a potential loss to the State in excess of $400 million.

In Carla Clark, et. al. v. City of Santa Rosa, et al. (Sonoma County Superior Court, Case No. SCV-227896), 32 plaintiffs who own property or live in Santa Rosa brought a toxic tort case alleging that water wells supplying water to their homes were contaminated by carcinogenic chemicals. The State is sued under a mandatory duty theory premised on an alleged violation of Proposition 65 (The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986). Plaintiffs claim damages exceeding $400 million. After a jury trial ended in a mistrial, the court reconsidered and granted the State’s motion for summary judgment. Plaintiffs have appealed (Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case No. A115399).

 

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Energy-Related Matters

In People v. ACN Energy, Inc., et al. (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 01AS05497), participants in the California Power Exchange market claimed compensation as a result of the Governor’s issuance of executive orders, under the California Emergency Service Act, “commandeering” power purchase arrangements held by Pacific Gas & Electric Company (“PG&E”) and Southern California Edison (“SCE”), referred to as “block forward contracts.” The California Power Exchange, PG&E and all but one of the other market participants have dismissed their actions, which were pending in Sacramento County Superior Court (Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4203). The only remaining action is that of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (“LADWP”), which asserts damages in the amount of $110 million. The State disputes that LADWP was damaged in any amount.

Escheated Property Claims

In five pending cases, plaintiffs claim that the State Controller has an obligation to pay interest on private property that has escheated to the State, and that failure to do so constitutes an unconstitutional taking of private property: Morris v. Westly (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC310200); Trust Realty Partners v. Westly (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 04AS02522); and Coppoletta v. Westly (San Francisco County Superior Court, Case No. CGC- 05439933); Suever v. Connell (U.S. District Court, Northern District, Case No. C03-00156 RS); and Taylor v. Chiang (U.S. District Court, Eastern District, Case No. S-01-2407 WBS GGH). The Morris lawsuit challenges whether the State’s custodial use of escheated funds entitles the claimant to interest for the period in which the property is in the State’s custody. The Morris case seeks a class action determination, and on behalf of the articulated class, plaintiff seeks a declaration that failure to pay interest is an unconstitutional taking and injunctive relief. The trial court in Morris ordered judgment for the State. Plaintiff has appealed (Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Case No. B194764). The Trust Realty Partners lawsuit focuses on the State’s elimination of interest payments on unclaimed property claims (Code of Civil Procedure section 1540, subdivision (c), as amended effective August 11, 2003, “CCP 1540”). The Trust Realty Partners case is not styled as a class action suit, but in addition to seeking damages, the case seeks a common fund recovery and injunctive relief. In May 2006, the trial court issued an interim order that the State pay interest on certain pending claims made before the amendment to CCP 1540. The Court of Appeal reversed this interim order and remanded the case to the trial court for reconsideration (Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, Case No. C052813). The Coppoletta case raises issues analogous to those in Morris and also asks that the unclaimed property law be construed as creating a trust for the benefit of the true owner. The trial court dismissed the case in Coppoletta, and plaintiffs have appealed (Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Case No. A117504). Both Suever and Taylor are styled as class actions but to date no class has been certified. Like the plaintiffs in Trust Realty, the Suever and Taylor plaintiffs argue that the state’s failure to pay interest on claims paid violated their constitutional rights. In Suever, the district court granted declaratory relief concluding that the state is obligated to pay interest to persons who reclaim property that has escheated to the state. The court did not specify the rate at which interest must be paid. The state has filed a motion for a stay of the court’s order and for an order certifying the issue for appeal. Plaintiffs in Suever and Taylor also assert that for the escheated property that has been disposed of by the state, plaintiffs are entitled to recover, in addition to the proceeds of such sale, any difference between the sale price and the property’s highest market value during the time the state held it; the state asserts that such claims for damages are barred by the Eleventh Amendment. The State has indicated that, if plaintiffs prevail on the claims asserted in these actions, costs to the state could be in excess of $500 million. The state’s motion for summary judgment on these claims in Suever was heard on January 30, 2008.

In Suever and Taylor, plaintiffs also challenge the constitutional adequacy of the notice provided by the State to owners of unclaimed property before the State takes possession of and sells such property. On June 1, 2007, the trial court in Taylor issued a preliminary injunction prohibiting the State Controller from taking possession of, selling or destroying property pursuant to the State’s unclaimed property law until the State enacts and the court approves new notice provisions. The Legislature enacted a bill amending the State’s notice procedures in response to the preliminary injunction. On October 18, 2007, the district court ruled that the new law complies with due process requirements and dissolved the injunction. Plaintiffs have appealed.

 

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Actions Seeking Damages for Alleged Violations of Privacy Rights

In Gail Marie Harrington-Wisely, et al. v. State of California, et al. (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC 227373), plaintiffs sought damages for alleged violations of prison visitors’ rights resulting from the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s use of a body imaging machine to search visitors entering State prisons for contraband. This matter was certified as a class action. The trial court granted final judgment in favor of the State. Plaintiffs’ appeal has been dismissed (Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Case No. B190431). As of November 2007, the State indicated that, if plaintiffs were successful in obtaining an award of damages pursuant to the California Civil Code for every use of the body-imaging machine, damages could be as high as $3 billion. On February 20, 2008, plaintiffs’ petition for review in the California Supreme Court was denied.

Plaintiff in Gilbert P. Hyatt v. FTB (State of Nevada, Clark County District Court, Case No. A382999) was subject to an audit by the Franchise Tax Board involving a claimed change of residence from California to Nevada. Plaintiff filed a tort action alleging a number of separate torts involving privacy rights and interference with his business relationships arising from the audit. The Nevada Supreme Court denied review of the trial court’s ruling that plaintiff had not established a causal relation between the audit and the loss of his licensing business with Japanese companies. The economic damages claim exceeded $500 million. This matter is pending in the trial court. The State has indicated that it is vigorously contesting this matter.

Action Seeking Program Modifications

In Capitol People First v. Department of Developmental Services (Alameda County Superior Court, Case No. 2002-038715) a consortium of State and national law firms and public-interest groups, certified as a class on February 14, 2008, brought suit against the Department of Finance, Department of Developmental Services and Department of Health Services, alleging violations of the Lanterman Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act on behalf of persons with developmental disabilities who are currently treated large facilities. The case seeks modifications to existing State programs for the treatment of institutionalized disabled persons, including requiring the State to offer community-based services. Some rough estimates suggest the financial impact of a judgment against the State defendants could be as high as $1 billion per year in programmatic costs going forward. The State has indicated that it is vigorously defending this action.

Actions Seeking Medi-Cal Reimbursements

In two cases, each entitled California Association of Health Facilities (“CAHF”) v. Department of Health Services (“DHS”), CAHF, which represents approximately 1400 skilled-nursing and intermediate-care facilities, challenges the Medi-Cal reimbursement rates paid by DHS to providers for, respectively, the 2001-02 and 2002-03 rate years. The trial court entered judgment for DHS. On December 26, 2006, the Court of Appeal reversed and remanded the case to the trial court for further proceedings (First Appellate District, Case Nos. A107551 and A107552). The cases are pending in the trial court, where they have been consolidated. The State has indicated that a final decision adverse to DHS in both of the consolidated cases could result in reimbursement costs exceeding $250 million.

Action Challenging Quality Assurance Fee

In Orinda Convalescent Hospital, et al. v. Department of Health Services (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 06AS03455), plaintiffs challenge a quality assurance fee charged to skilled nursing facilities and a Medi-Cal reimbursement methodology applicable to such facilities that were enacted in 2004, alleging violations of federal Medicaid law, the federal and State constitutions and State law. Plaintiffs seek a refund of fees paid and to enjoin future collection of the fee. If an injunction against collection of the fee is issued, it could negatively affect the State’s receipt of federal funds. The trial court has dismissed the claim alleging violation of federal Medicaid law. As of November 2007, it is unknown what fiscal impact this matter would have upon the State’s General Fund.

 

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Actions to Increase Amount of State Aid for Foster or Adopted Developmentally Disabled Dependent Children

Ten pending class action lawsuits challenge the amount of aid provided by the State for the care of dependent children (either in foster care or adopted) who are developmentally disabled. These cases have been coordinated in Butler v. Department of Social Services (Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC329695). Specifically, plaintiffs assert that they were entitled to, but did not receive, the Alternative Residential Model (“ARM”) rate (also known as dual agency rate) but have instead been receiving the standard AFDC-FC (foster care) rate and/or the AAP (adoption assistance program) rate. A final decision in favor of these plaintiffs could exceed $450 million. The trial court dismissed the complaint; plaintiffs have appealed (Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Case No. B200788). The State has indicated that it is vigorously litigating this issue.

In a statewide class action against the Department of Health Services and Department of Social Services (Katie A., et al. v. Bonta, et al., U.S. District Court, Case No. CV 02-05662 AHM (SHx)), plaintiffs seek to expand Medicaid-covered services under the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment program for mentally disordered children in foster care to include what plaintiffs refer to as “wraparound services,” “therapeutic foster care,” and “comprehensive case management services in a home-like setting.” The district court issued a preliminary injunction ordering the State defendants to provide “wraparound services” and “therapeutic foster care” to class members. Further, the court ordered the State defendants and plaintiffs to meet and confer both to develop a plan to implement the preliminary injunction and to come to consensus on whether the court should appoint a special master. On appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit, Case No. 06-55559), the Ninth Circuit reversed the decision of the district court and remanded the matter for further proceedings. As of November 2007, the State has indicated that it is unknown what financial impact such an unprecedented decision would have on the State’s General Fund.

Local Government Mandate Claims and Actions

In pending litigation, Orange County and San Diego County claim they are entitled to reimbursement of all mandated costs for which the State has not provided full reimbursement. These two lawsuits were consolidated in San Diego County Superior Court (County of San Diego v. State of California, et al., Case No. GIC 825109, and County of Orange v. State of California, et al., Case No. GIC 827845). Plaintiffs are seeking relief that would divert current budget appropriations away from various State agencies, and to the counties, as full payment for the un-reimbursed costs of implementing a variety of State mandated programs over the last ten years. San Diego County has alleged unreimbursed costs in excess of $40 million through fiscal year 2003-04. Orange County has alleged unreimbursed costs in excess of $116 million. The State has indicated that the effect of a final determination by an appellate court that the State is required to reimburse the counties for such previously unreimbursed costs, if applied to each of California’s 58 counties, could result in costs in excess of $1.5 billion. The trial court entered judgment in favor of the counties regarding the amounts owed. The State defendants have appealed, and plaintiff counties have cross-appealed (Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Case No. D048743).

In litigation filed in November 2007, California School Boards Association et al v. State of California et al. (San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. 37-2007-00082249-CU-WM-CTL), plaintiffs, including the San Diego County Office of Education and the San Diego, Clovis, Riverside and San Jose school districts, allege the State has failed to appropriate approximately $900 million for new State-required programs or services in violation of the California Constitution. Plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief, including an order compelling reimbursement. As of November 2007, the State has indicated that it is unknown what fiscal impact this matter would have upon the State’s General Fund.

 

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Actions Seeking to Enjoin Implementation of or Cause Amendment to Certain Tribal Gaming Compacts

In June 2004, the State entered into amendments to tribal gaming compacts (the “Amended Compacts”) between the State and five Indian Tribes (the “Five Tribes”). Those Amended Compacts are being challenged as described below. The State has indicated that an unfavorable decision to the State in the cases described below (or in any future litigation relating to the Amended Compacts) could eliminate future receipts of gaming revenues anticipated to result from the Amended Compacts, and could delay or impair the State’s ability to sell a portion of the revenue stream anticipated to be generated by these Amended Compacts.

In Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation v. Schwarzenegger, et al. (U.S. District Court, Southern District, Case No. 04 CV 1151 W (WMc)) the plaintiff (the “Rincon Band” or “Rincon” or “Band”), a federally recognized Indian Tribe, sought an injunction against implementation of the Amended Compacts on grounds that their execution and ratification by the State constituted an unconstitutional impairment of the State’s compact with the Rincon Band. The Rincon Band asserts that its compact contains an implied promise that the State, for the duration of Rincon’s compact, would not execute compacts or compact amendments with other tribes that would have an adverse impact on the Rincon Band’s market share by allowing a major expansion in the number of permissible gaming devices in California. The complaint also asserts that the State breached Rincon’s compact, principally by incorrectly calculating the total number of gaming device licenses the State is authorized to issue tribes with compacts identical to Rincon’s compact and by failing to negotiate a compact amendment with the Rincon Band in good faith. The district court dismissed the complaint as to the impairment of contract claims and the claim regarding the total number of gaming device licenses on the grounds that the Rincon Band had failed to join the tribes with Amended Compacts and the tribes with compacts identical to Rincon’s (“the 1999 compacts”). The court also dismissed a claim for damages Rincon had sought for a separate alleged breach of compact. The court did not dismiss Rincon’s other breach of compact claims, including a claim that the State failed to negotiate a compact amendment with the Rincon Band in good faith. The district court entered a separate judgment with respect to the claims that the district court dismissed including the impairment of compact claims. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Case No. 06-055259). On appeal, the Rincon Band abandoned its claims for relief challenging the validity of the Amended Compacts. However, the appeal involves the total number of gaming device licenses authorized under the 1999 compacts and Rincon’s claim for damages. The Five Tribes filed an amicus brief asserting that they were necessary and indispensable parties to the litigation whose ability to carry out their obligations under the Amended Compacts could be affected by the outcome in this case.

Hollywood Park Land Co., et al. v. Golden State Transportation, et al. (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 06AS00166) is a reverse validation action brought by various horse racetrack interests, challenging validity of the proposed issuance of tribal gaming bonds. Plaintiffs claim that the bonds and bond documents would (1) result in unconstitutional contracting away of the State’s police power to regulate gaming; and (2) trigger an unconstitutional grant of a franchise, special privilege and/or vested right contained in the Amended Compacts. In addition, plaintiffs allege the use of bond proceeds would violate the California constitutional prohibition on certain borrowings to fund a year-end State budget deficit. Plaintiffs seek injunctive relief. The Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe and a tribal councilman filed a notice of appearance and contest the validity of the bonds and the bond contracts. Additionally, they seek a declaration that the tribal-state exclusivity provisions of the Amended Compacts are invalid and void and a declaration that CCP section 1811, which addresses remedies for alleged violation of tribal gaming compacts, violates the due process rights of the tribe and its members. On August 30, 2007, the trial court granted judgment in favor of the defendants; plaintiffs have appealed (Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, Case No. C057166).

In San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians v. State of California, et al. (U.S. District Court, Southern District, Case No. 06 CV 0988 LAB AJB), plaintiff seeks a judicial declaration that a higher number of aggregate slot machine licenses are available for issuance to all Tribes that signed the 1999 Compact than the number determined by the State in 2002. The State has indicated that, should relief be granted, and a higher number of licenses are available, the Five Tribes’ obligations to continue to fund State transportation bonds under the

 

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Amended Compacts would be rendered uncertain because the Amended Compacts contemplated the license pool created by the 1999 Compact would remain fixed at the number determined by the State. An expanded license pool would thus present questions about the Five Tribes’ monetary obligations that would presumably be required to be addressed by amendment of the Amended Compacts. The district court dismissed the complaint, and plaintiff has appealed (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Case No. 07-55536).

Prison Healthcare Reform

The adult prison health care delivery system includes medical health care, mental health care and dental health care. The annual budget for this system is approximately $2 billion. The system is operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (“CDCR”), and affects approximately 33 prisons throughout the State. There are three significant cases pending in federal district courts challenging the constitutionality of prison health care. Plata v. Schwarzenegger (U.S. District Court, Case No. C-01-1351 THE) is a class action regarding the adequacy of medical health care; Coleman v. Schwarzenegger (United States District Court, Case No. CIV-S-90-0520 LKK JFM P) is a class action regarding mental health care; and Perez v. Tilton (U.S. District Court, Case No. C 05-05241 JSW) is a class action regarding dental health care. A fourth case, Armstrong v. Schwarzenegger (U.S. District Court, Case No. C 94-02307 CW) is a class action on behalf of inmates with disabilities alleging violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. In Plata the district court appointed a Receiver, who took office in April 2006, to run and operate the medical health care portion of the health care delivery system. The Plata Receiver and the Special Master appointed by the Coleman court, joined by the Court representatives appointed by the Perez and Armstrong courts, meet routinely to coordinate efforts in these cases. As of November 2007, ongoing costs of remedial activities have been incorporated into the State’s budget process. However, the State has indicated that it is unknown, as of that date, what financial impact this litigation would have on the State’s General Fund, particularly in light of the unprecedented step of appointing a Receiver of medical health care.

Action Seeking to Enjoin Lease Revenue Bond Financing for Correctional Facilities

In Taxpayers for Improving Public Safety, et al. v. Arnold Schwarzenegger et al. (Sacramento County Superior Court, Case No. 07AS03613), plaintiffs challenge certain provisions of the Public Safety and Offender Rehabilitation Services Act of 2007 (“AB 900”), which was enacted on May 3, 2007, to address prison overcrowding. The challenged provisions of AB 900 authorize the issuance of over $7 billion of lease revenue bonds to finance construction and renovation of State prison and county jail facilities. Plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief, alleging that the lease revenue bonds authorized by AB 900 violate the debt limit in the California Constitution because the bonds were not approved by the voters. The trial court denied plaintiffs’ request for a preliminary injunction, and dismissed the case after sustaining the State defendants’ demurrer without leave to amend. As of November 2007, the State has indicated that it is unknown what fiscal impact this matter would have on the State’s General Fund. On December 4, 2007, plaintiffs appealed.

* * * * *

RATING AGENCIES’ ACTIONS

As of February 25, 2008, Fitch, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s rated the State’s general obligation bonds, respectively, A+, A+ and A1. Each such rating reflects only the views of the respective rating agency, and an explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from such rating agency. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely by such rating agency if, in the judgment of such rating agency, circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revisions or withdrawals of ratings could have adverse effects on the market price of the State’s municipal obligations.

 

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ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

California municipal obligations may also include obligations of the governments of Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories and their political subdivisions to the extent that these obligations are exempt from California State personal income taxes. Accordingly, investments in such securities may be adversely affected by local political and economic conditions and developments within Puerto Rico and certain other U.S. territories affecting the issuers of such obligations.

 

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APPENDIX C

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING NEW YORK MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS

The following information is a summary of special factors affecting investments in New York municipal obligations. The sources of payment for such obligations and the marketability thereof may be affected by financial or other difficulties experienced by the State of New York (“New York” or the “State”) and certain of its municipalities and public authorities. This information does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to offerings of New York issuers. Any estimates of future results and other projections are statements of opinion based on available information at the time made and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially. None of the funds has independently verified, and the funds are not responsible for, the accuracy or timeliness of this information. Such information is included herein without the express authority of any New York issuer.

CURRENT ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

The U.S. economy has continued to lose momentum since the summer of 2007. Large declines in residential construction and reduced demand for autos and housing-related durable goods, combined with past energy price increases and credit market tightening, continue to generate a significant drag on economic growth. The uncertainty associated with the still unfolding subprime mortgage problem has substantially increased financial market volatility, reduced financial sector profits, and diminished the accessibility of credit to the nation’s households and businesses. In addition, labor market growth has decelerated since the early part of 2007. In response to these developments, the Federal Reserve has lowered its short-term interest rate target 100 basis points to 4.25 percent since August 2007 and has intervened in credit markets to enhance liquidity several times.

On the positive side, robust global growth and a weak dollar have produced strong demand for U.S. exports. As of January 30, 2008, the Division of the Budget (“DOB”) reports that the Federal government, in concert with the banking community, is developing a plan under which subprime borrowers whose rates are due to reset at much higher levels over the next several years can arrange more favorable terms with their lenders. Some states and private lenders are offering their own initiatives to forestall a rising foreclosure rate. In combination with Federal Reserve actions, these interventions are expected to allow the economy to gradually rebound to its long-term trend growth rate over the course of 2008, after bottoming out below 2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007 and first quarter of 2008. As of January 30, 2008, the DOB projects growth of 2.2 percent for 2008, following growth of about the same magnitude for 2007. Though DOB is not forecasting a recession at this time, the risk of a recession is judged to have increased significantly since the fall.

The risks notwithstanding, there are good reasons to believe that the economy will experience a period of low growth, but elude recession. As of January 30, 2008, the global economy overall is strong and should be able to sustain solid growth even in the face of a U.S. slowdown. Moreover, a falling dollar increases U.S. competitiveness in the global marketplace. Though the labor market has slowed, initial unemployment insurance claims are still low by historical standards and employee earnings growth remains healthy. Though credit markets are tight, interest rates are also low by historical standards. Finally, government spending has been strong and, perhaps more importantly, both the Federal government and the Federal Reserve are playing active roles in trying to keep the economy out of recession. As a result of all of these factors, following two quarters of very low growth in the fourth quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2008, as of January 30, 2008, the national economy was expected to improve with each subsequent quarter, until reaching growth of 3.0 percent by the fourth quarter of 2008.

The national economic slowdown is having a significant impact on the New York State economy. The State’s slowdown is expected to last at least through the end of 2008, but as of January 30, 2008, there is evidence that the impact of the slowdown is being felt quite variably across the State’s regions. Because of

 

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New York City’s position as a financial market capital, the downstate economy stands to be disproportionately affected by falling financial sector profits or a prolonged period of credit market turmoil. The residential housing contraction has had a notable impact on Long Island and the Hudson Valley, while auto sector weakness has been felt largely in the western part of the State. In the meantime, New York City’s commercial real estate sector still appears strong, and the large education and health sectors are expected to remain healthy. Finally, tourism is expected to be bolstered by the weak dollar, particularly in New York City and those areas bordering Canada.

Indeed, the New York State Leading Index is signaling a mild downturn in the State economy starting in early 2008. As of January 30, 2008, the impact of the credit market crisis on State wages is projected to be greatest in the first quarter 2008, during the height of the financial sector bonus season. Indeed, as of January 30, 2008, the credit crisis could have a more deleterious effect on the New York State economy than on the nation as a whole given New York City’s status as an international financial center. Though State economic growth is expected to slow in 2008, conditions are not expected to approach those of a recession. The State’s large education and health sectors are expected to continue exhibiting robust growth.

The credit crunch and expected decline in finance and insurance sector bonuses, combined with slowing job growth, will result in significantly lower wage growth in 2008. DOB projects total wage growth of 3.3 percent for 2008, following an estimated increase of 7.6 percent for 2007. Slower growth in both the wage and non-wage components of income will result in total personal income growth of 4.3 percent for 2008, following 7.4 percent growth for 2007. The low growth in 2008 is due largely to a projected decline in finance and insurance sector bonuses for the first quarter 2008 and generally weak bonus growth for the other sectors due to the overall economic slowdown. The extent to which credit tightening actually dampens important revenue generating activity within the finance sector, such as high-yield lending and mergers and acquisitions, will determine the ultimate impact on Wall Street profits and bonuses. As of January 30, 2008, it appears that those firms most affected by the subprime debacle will be posting large losses for the third quarter. Consequently, growth in finance and insurance sector wages is expected to be below the July forecast, with some spillover into other sectors a likely consequence. As of January 30, 2008, the DOB projects growth in State wages to slow from 7.1 percent in 2007 to 4.0 percent in 2008. Growth in State private sector employment is projected to slow from 1.0 percent this year to 0.8 percent in 2008.

Consistent with flat securities industry profits for 2007, DOB is projecting a decline in finance and insurance sector bonuses of 2.8 percent for the 2007-08 bonus season now in progress. However, there is considerable risk to this forecast. Though bonus payouts have historically been evenly split between cash and stock incentive payments, the split is expected to be more heavily weighted toward stocks for the 2007-08 bonus season. This shift could have substantial implications for Federal, State, and local tax revenues since income derived from stock options is not taxed until the option is exercised.

Though there are parallels between State and national labor market trends, there are differences as well. As at the national level, State private sector job growth is expected to be greatest in education and health care and social assistance services, with healthy gains expected for leisure, hospitality, and other services and professional, scientific, and technical services. Similarly, both the State and the nation are projected to see large declines in the manufacturing and mining sector. However, trends appear to diverge dramatically for the construction sector. As of January 30, 2008, the DOB projects national construction employment to decline for 2008, consistent with the national housing market contraction. However, State construction employment is projected to grow in 2008, albeit at a slower rate than in 2007. The continued strength of the New York City real estate market and the absence of a significant housing boom in much of upstate New York explain most of this difference. As for the nation, the State’s average annual unemployment rate is expected to rise in 2008, from 4.4 percent for 2007 to 4.9 percent this year.

All of the risks to the U.S. forecast apply to the State forecast as well, although as the nation’s financial capital, as of January 30, 2008, the credit tightening poses a particularly large degree of uncertainty for New York. Although the failure of a major Wall Street institution is not anticipated and the large volume of write-downs has

 

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been revealing, the full extent of the losses associated with the subprime mortgage problem remains to be seen. Higher losses than anticipated could result in even lower bonuses than projected, reducing household spending. Should the State’s commercial real estate market cool more rapidly than anticipated, taxable capital gains realizations could be negatively affected. These effects could ripple though the economy, depressing both employment and wage growth. In contrast, should the national and world economies grow faster than expected, a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities, could result in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected for 2008 and the 2008-09 bonus season.

FINANCIAL PLAN RESERVES AND RISKS

Many complex political, social, and economic forces influence the State’s economy and finances. Such forces may affect the State Financial Plan unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year. For example, the Financial Plan is necessarily based on forecasts of national and State economic activity. Economic forecasts have frequently failed to accurately predict the timing and magnitude of specific and cyclical changes to the national and State economies. The Financial Plan also relies on estimates and assumptions concerning Federal aid, law changes, and audit activity.

Reserves

In January 2007, the State created a new statutory Rainy Day Reserve that has an authorized balance of 3 percent of General Fund spending. The new Rainy Day Reserve may be used to respond to an economic downturn or catastrophic event. The State plans to make its first deposit of $175 million by the end of 2007-08. As of January 30, 2008, when combined with the existing Tax Stabilization Reserve, which has an authorized balance of 2 percent of General Fund spending and can be used only to cover unforeseen year-end deficits, the State’s rainy day reserve authorization as of January 30, 2008, totals 5 percent of General Fund spending.

The State projects that General Fund reserves will total $2.2 billion at the end of 2008-09, with $1.2 billion in undesignated reserves available to deal with unforeseen contingencies and $1.0 billion designated for subsequent use. The $1.2 billion of undesignated reserves includes a balance of $1 billion in the Tax Stabilization Reserve, $175 million in the new Rainy Day Reserve, and $21 million in the Contingency Reserve Fund for litigation risks. The designated reserves consist of $708 million set aside for potential labor settlements (after the use of $477 million for existing settlements) and $291 million in the Community Projects Fund to finance existing initiatives. Aside from the amounts noted above, the 2008-09 Financial Plan does not have specific reserves to cover potential costs that could materialize as a result of Federal disallowances or other Federal actions that could adversely affect the State’s projections of receipts and disbursements.

Risks

In any year, the Financial Plan is subject to risks that, if they were to materialize, could affect operating results. Many complex political, social, and economic forces influence the State’s economy and finances. Such forces may affect the State Financial Plan unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year. For example, the Financial Plan is necessarily based on forecasts of national and State economic activity. Economic forecasts have frequently failed to accurately predict the timing and magnitude of specific and cyclical changes to the national and State economies. The DOB’s Updated Financial Plan also relies on estimates and assumptions concerning Federal aid, law changes, and audit activity.

Risks to the U.S. Economic Forecast

At the national level, the DOB outlook calls for a slowdown in growth for much of 2008 but does not anticipate a recession at this time. However, there are a number of risks to the forecast. Larger financial sector write-downs associated with the subprime mortgage debacle could result in a more severe credit situation than

 

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anticipated and result in lower business investment in plant and equipment than projected. Should the housing market contraction be even deeper than reflected in the forecast, residential investment could take even longer to recover. Moreover, if housing prices fall further than anticipated, the rate of foreclosure could jump even higher than expected, impacting both construction spending and household net worth, which in turn could result in less consumption spending than anticipated. A resurgence in the growth in energy and food prices could serve to disrupt inflation expectations and result in even higher inflation than expected. That risk could be compounded by lower productivity growth or a weaker dollar than projected as of January 30, 2008. Higher inflation, in turn, would further impinge upon the Federal Reserve’s ability to stimulate the economy by lowering interest rates. Higher interest rates could result in weaker equity prices and further delay the recovery of the financial sector from the subprime mortgage problem. On the other hand, lower energy prices or stronger global growth than anticipated could result in stronger economic growth than is reflected in the forecast.

Risks to the New York Forecast

In addition to the risks described above for the national forecast, there are risks specific to New York. The chief risk remains another attack targeted at New York City (the “City”) that could once again plunge the State economy into a recession, resulting in substantially lower income and employment growth than is reflected in the forecast. Higher energy prices and the potential for greater pass-through to core inflation, combined with a tightening labor market, raise the probability that the Federal Reserve could tighten one more time. Such an outcome could negatively affect the financial markets, which would also disproportionately affect the New York State economy. In addition, the State’s real estate market could decline more than anticipated, which would negatively affect household consumption and taxable capital gains realizations. These effects could ripple though the economy, affecting both employment and wages.

In contrast, should the national and world economies grow faster than expected, a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities is possible, resulting in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected. It is important to recall that the financial markets, which are so pivotal to the direction of the downstate economy, are notoriously difficult to forecast.

Labor Settlements

As of January 30, 2008, the State has reached tentative labor settlements with three labor unions, the Civil Service Employees Association, United University Professions (“UUP”), and District Council 37, and will extend comparable changes in the pay and benefits to “management/confidential” employees. Under terms of the tentative four-year contracts, which run from April 2, 2007 through April 1, 2011 (July 2, 2007 through July 1, 2011 for UUP), employees will receive pay increases of 3 percent annually in 2007-08, 2008-09, and 2009-10 and 4 percent in 2010-11. The Civil Service Employees Association ratified its contract on January 3, 2008. The United University Professions and District Council 37 are expected to vote on their contracts before the end of the 2007-08 State fiscal year.

The State’s Financial Plan funds the costs of these tentative contract agreements in 2007-08 and 2008-09 through the use of $476 million of the $1.18 billion in existing reserves set aside for this purpose. DOB estimates the General Fund costs of the tentative agreements at $140 million in the 2007-08 year, $336 million in 2008-09, $510 million in 2009-10, and $756 million in both 2010-11 and 2011-12. As of January 30, 2008, the Financial Plan includes these costs.

The unions representing uniformed officers (i.e., Police Benevolent Association, New York State Correctional Officers and Police Benevolent Association) and the Public Employees Federation have not reached settlements with the State at this time. As of January 30, 2008, the DOB estimates that if all the unsettled unions were to agree to the same terms that have been ratified by the Civil Service Employees Association, it would result in added costs of $144 million in 2007-08, $303 million in 2008-09, $444 million in 2009-10, and $636 million in both 2010-11 and 2011-12. The earliest any costs for these contracts could be paid would be in

 

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2008-09. As of January 30, 2008, these costs are not included in the Financial Plan spending forecast, but a reserve is set aside to partially fund them. As of January 30, 2008, the State has $708 million in labor reserves remaining (i.e., not programmed in the Financial Plan) to help finance the costs of potential new settlements, which is sufficient to cover all costs of a Civil Service Employees Association-type settlement through 2008-09, and all but $183 million of the $444 million of potential costs in 2009-10.

School Supportive Health Services

The Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services is conducting six audits of aspects of New York State’s School Supportive Health Services program with regard to Medicaid reimbursement. The audits cover $1.4 billion in claims submitted between 1990 and 2001. To date, OIG has issued four final audit reports, which cover claims submitted by upstate and New York City school districts for speech pathology and transportation services. The final audits recommend that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) disallow $173 million of the $362 million in claims for upstate speech pathology services, $17 million of $72 million for upstate transportation services, $436 million of the $551 million in claims submitted for New York City speech pathology services, and $96 million of the $123 million for New York City transportation services. New York State disagrees with the audit findings on several grounds and has requested that they be withdrawn. If the recommended disallowances are not withdrawn, the State expects to appeal.

While CMS has not taken any action with regard to the disallowances recommended by OIG, CMS is deferring 25 percent of New York City claims and 9.7 percent of claims submitted by the rest of the State, pending completion of the audits.

Proposed Federal Rule on Medicaid Funding

On May 25, 2007, CMS issued a final rule that, if implemented, would significantly curtail Federal Medicaid funding to public hospitals (including New York City’s Health and Hospital Corporation (“HHC”)) and programs operated by both the State Office of Mental Retardation (“OMRDD”) and the State Office of Mental Health (“OMH.”).

The rule seeks to restrict State access to Federal Medicaid resources by changing the upper payment limit for certain rates to actual facility reported costs. It is estimated that this rule could result in a loss of $350 million annually in Federal funds for HHC and potentially larger losses in aid for the State Mental Hygiene System.

On May 23, 2007, CMS issued another rule that would eliminate Medicaid funding for graduate medical education (“GME”). The proposed rule clarifies that costs and payments associated with GME programs are not expenditures of Medicaid for which Federal reimbursement is available. This rule could result in a Financial Plan impact of up to $600 million since the State would be legally obligated to pay the lost non-Federal share.

The states affected by these regulations are challenging such adoption on the basis that CMS is overstepping its authority and ignoring the intent of Congress. As a result, Congress passed a one-year moratorium barring implementation of these proposed rule changes which expires on May 29, 2008.

CMS has proposed other regulations that could pose a risk to the State’s Financial Plan beyond the moratorium. On May 23, 2007, CMS proposed changes to the rules that regulate State taxation of healthcare entities. It is anticipated that this rule could be finalized shortly. As of January 30, 2008, the proposal would essentially undo authorized State flexibility and render a tax invalid if there is any “linkage” between the tax and a Medicaid payment. The State uses a substantial amount of provider tax receipts to finance various healthcare programs that serve the State’s most vulnerable populations. While the State strongly believes that our imposed taxes are in full compliance, the vagueness of the new rules provides no assurance that these funding streams are adequately protected.

 

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Further, CMS proposes to restrict Medicaid reimbursement for hospital outpatient services and restrict coverage to rehabilitative services, which could pose a risk to the Financial Plan and result in hundred of millions in lost Federal Share. However, the State argues that the proposed regulation regarding outpatient services is in direct violation of the moratorium in effect as of January 30, 2008.

As of January 30, 2008, the State is actively lobbying the Federal government to be held harmless, either through an extension/modification of the moratorium or through other administrative or statutory means. The State continues to believe that these risks will be minimized and not realized.

Video Lottery Terminal Expansion

As of January 30, 2008, the State’s four-year Financial Plan includes video lottery terminal (“VLT”) revenue estimates from operating gaming facilities. The Updated Financial Plan counts on VLT revenues from existing facilities of $475 million in 2007-08 and $514 million in 2008-09. Revenues are projected to increase to $644 million in 2009-10 and $850 million in 2010-11, reflecting the expected opening of the Aqueduct facility in 2009-10 and the Belmont facility in 2010-11. VLT revenues support K-12 education spending and any shortfall is expected to be covered by the General Fund.

School Aid Database Updates

After enactment of the State Budget, school districts are authorized to submit additional State aid claims for payment in the September following the close of such school year. In some cases, these additional claims have significantly increased the State’s liability on a school year basis. Recent database updates increased the State’s liability for School Aid by $222 million ($176 million net of State Education Department reclassifications) for increases for the 2006-07 school year, $161 million for 2005-06 and $119 million for the 2004-05 school year, the vast majority of which was for New York City. If school districts—particularly New York City—continue to submit additional claims after enactment of the 2007-08 State Budget, the State will have an increased financial obligation beyond what is reflected in the Financial Plan.

2007-08 ENACTED BUDGET FINANCIAL PLAN OVERVIEW

Governor Spitzer submitted his $12.6 billion Executive Budget for fiscal year 2007-08 to the Legislature on January 31, 2007. During budget negotiations, the Executive and Legislature reached agreement that a total of $1 billion in resources above the Executive Budget forecast were available to finance legislative changes to the Governor’s Executive Budget. The Executive, Senate, and Assembly negotiated a budget agreement that culminated with enactment of the budget on April 1, 2007, in time for the start of the State’s fiscal year. As in past years, the Legislature enacted the debt service bill in March prior to taking final action on the entire budget. The Governor did not veto any legislative additions.

Since the second quarterly update to the Annual Information Statement for the State of New York dated November 15, 2007 (the “Mid-Year Update”), DOB has revised its revenue and spending estimates based on operating results through the end of the 2007-08 fiscal year, and a review of factors affecting the long-term current services forecast. In addition, DOB has added costs for collective bargaining agreements reached with several of the State’s major employee unions that have fiscal implications for 2007-08 and beyond. The revisions result in net General Fund costs in 2007-08 of $137 million, which are to be funded by existing reserves.

Despite the continued slowdown in economic growth reflected in the updated revenue forecast, as of January 30, 2008, DOB projects the General Fund will remain in balance in 2007-08. Lower-than-expected local aid payments and operational savings across all State agencies, along with the use of reserves as planned to finance labor settlements, are expected to be sufficient to cover the expected revenue decline. As summarized in the table below, since the beginning of the fiscal year, the roughly $500 million decline in expected General Fund

 

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receipts has been almost entirely offset by a decline in projected growth in Medicaid spending, resulting in no material change (down $17 million) in net operations.

Since the Mid-Year Update, General Fund receipts, including transfers from other funds, have been revised downward by $218 million. The slowdown in economic activity is the main reason for the revision. In addition, recent stresses on Wall Street suggest modest declines in bonus payouts over the remainder of the fiscal year.

General Fund disbursements, including transfers to other funds, are expected to total $53.6 billion in 2007-08, $81 million lower than the Mid-Year Update estimate. Lower General Fund spending in School Aid based on higher than expected lottery revenues, a reduction in the General Fund subsidy to the Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund, and adjustments to cash disbursements in other areas based on results to date are offset, in part, by expected spending for tentative labor contracts that will be financed from designated reserves ($140 million).

As of January 30, 2008, DOB projects the State will end the 2007-08 fiscal year with a General Fund balance of $2.6 billion, consisting of $1.2 billion in undesignated reserves and $1.4 billion in designated reserves. The projected closing balance is $137 million lower than the balance projected at the time of the Mid-Year Update and is due primarily to the use of the labor reserve as planned.

On a year-over-year basis, General Fund receipts through December 2007 were up $448 million, or 1.3 percent, compared to the same period in 2006-07. Increases in transfers from other funds, user taxes and fees and miscellaneous receipts, slightly offset by declines in the personal income tax, business taxes, other taxes and Federal Grants, account for the growth.

General Fund spending was $926 million higher than actual results through the same period for fiscal year 2006-07. Significant changes in spending levels from the same period during the prior year include:

 

   

School Aid ($674 million growth): Reflects growth associated with increased tail payments for the final three months of the 2006-07 school year ($239 million) and increased payments for the first six months of the 2007-08 school year as authorized in the Enacted Budget for 2007-08 ($429 million).

 

   

Special Education ($196 million growth): Annual growth primarily reflects the accelerated submission of claims by counties and accelerated processing of claims by the State Education Department in 2007-08 compared to 2006-07.

 

   

Children and Family Services ($200 million growth): Higher spending is primarily attributable to growth in child welfare services ($93 million), growth in Foster Care Block Grant payments ($31 million) and payments made for residential education placements for children with needs that cannot be accommodated by public school districts ($23 million).

 

   

Medicaid, including Administration ($315 million decline): Consistent with current year reestimates in Medicaid, the year-over-year decline is primarily due to a moderation in enrollment and the timing of certain payments and offsets, which has resulted in lower overall utilization of Medicaid services.

 

   

Public Health ($112 million growth): Higher spending is largely attributable to the timing of local public health program payments, as well as additional health care investments included in the 2007-08 Enacted Budget.

 

   

Local Government Aid ($257 million decline): Largely reflects a one-time reduction in New York City’s unrestricted local government assistance in 2007-08.

 

   

Welfare ($170 million growth): Reflects a return to the traditional pattern of local district advances.

 

   

Non-Personal Service ($206 million growth): Reflects inflationary growth in non-personal service spending primarily in the State University of New York (“SUNY”) ($77 million), Corrections ($57 million), and the Judiciary ($19 million).

 

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Transfers to Other Funds ($178 million decline): Transfers to Capital Projects Funds increased by $224 million, primarily due to increased spending for authority bonded economic development programs and General Obligation bonded transportation and environment programs, as well as the timing of authority bond receipts. The growth in transfers to Capital Project Funds was offset by a decline in transfers to Debt Service Funds ($172 million), due mainly to the payment of debt service on certain SUNY construction bonds in March 2007 rather than April 2007, and the decline in transfers to other funds ($230 million), due mainly to a delay in the expected transfer to the Debt Reduction Reserve Fund.

2007-08 RECEIPTS FORECAST

Financial Plan receipts comprise a variety of taxes, fees, charges for State-provided services, Federal grants, and other miscellaneous receipts. The receipts estimates and projections have been prepared by the DOB with the assistance of the Department of Taxation and Finance and other agencies concerned with the collection of State receipts.

As of January 30, 2008, total All Funds receipts are estimated to reach over $123.1 billion, an increase of $6.3 billion over 2007-08 projections. All Funds tax receipts are estimated to grow by $2.4 billion or 4.2 percent. Miscellaneous receipts are estimated to increase by $2 billion, or 11 percent, largely the result of actions taken with the 2007-08 Enacted Budget, including receipt of the New York Power Authority payments included in the 2007-08 Enacted Budget.

Total State Funds receipts are estimated at $81 billion, an expected increase of $4.4 billion, or 5.8 percent from 2006-07 actual results. State Funds Miscellaneous receipts are estimated to increase by nearly $2.1 million, or 11.5 percent.

Total General Fund receipts are estimated at $53.3 billion, an increase of nearly $2 billion, or 3.8 percent from 2006-07 results. General Fund tax receipt growth is estimated at 0.4 percent. The relatively slow growth in General Fund tax receipts is attributable in large part to the increased STAR rebate payments included with the 2007-08 Budget. General Fund miscellaneous receipts are estimated to increase by 7.8 percent, reflecting actions taken with the 2007-08 Budget including a planned increase in abandoned property receipts as well as significant increases in investment income associated with existing fund balances.

Base Tax Receipts Growth

As of January 30, 2008, base growth, adjusted for law changes, in tax receipts for fiscal year 2007-08 is estimated at 6.5 percent and 4.2 percent for 2008-09. Overall base growth in tax receipts is dependent on many factors. Over the past several fiscal years the most important factors explaining tax receipt growth have been related to: improvements in overall economic activity, especially in New York City and surrounding counties; continued profitability and compensation gains of financial services companies; continued growth in the downstate commercial real estate market; and continued positive impact of high-income taxpayers on personal income tax growth.

Each of these factors is expected to become a negative drag on receipts over the next fiscal year. The same factors that spurred economic and tax receipt growth in recent fiscal years are now expected to retard growth in 2007-08 and 2008-09.

Strong economic growth, especially concentrated in downstate New York over the past several years, has driven large gains in receipts. It is expected that the rapid expansion in base revenue will continue with a 7.1 percent increase in 2007-08 to be followed by more moderate growth in 2008-09 and beyond. Base growth is expected to remain above 5 percent throughout the forecast period. Actual receipts are expected to grow more slowly than the underlying base in 2007-08, reflecting the impact of tax actions taken with this Budget.

 

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Personal Income Tax

As of January 30, 2008, All Funds personal income tax (“PIT”) receipts, which reflects the net of gross payments minus refunds, for 2007-08 are estimated at $36.6 billion, an increase of nearly $2.0 billion or 5.7 percent over the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to moderately strong growth in withholding of $1.6 billion, or 6 percent, and solid growth in estimated taxes for tax year 2007 liabilities of $1.0 billion (13.2 percent). In addition, reflecting taxpayer uncertainty with the expiration of the temporary surcharge, final settlement payments for the 2006 tax year were mixed. The strongest component was a 12.3 percent ($342 million) increase in extension payments. The $64 million (3.3 percent) growth in payments accompanying final returns was relatively weak, and the 19.3 increase (roughly $1.1 billion) in refunds reflected in large part some $650 million of claims for the Empire State child credit effective in tax year 2006.

General Fund income tax receipts are net of deposits to the STAR Fund, which provides property tax relief, and the Revenue Bond Tax Fund (RBTF), which supports debt service payments on State Personal Income Tax Revenue bonds. As of January 30, 2008, General Fund income tax receipts for 2007-08 of $22.7 billion are expected to decrease by $205 million or 0.9 percent from the prior year. This decline reflects both a large increase in STAR deposits of $685 million associated with the middle-class rebate program, and a $1,492 million increase in deposits to the RBTF. The latter reflects Enacted Budget legislation that provides that deposits to the RBTF be calculated before the deposit of income tax receipts to the STAR Fund; in previous fiscal years this transfer was calculated after the STAR transfer, so the RBTF transfer was changed by 25 percent of the amount of the STAR deposit.

User Taxes and Fees

As of January 30, 2008, all Funds user taxes and fees receipts for 2007-08 are estimated to be $13.9 billion, an increase of $447 million or 3.3 percent from 2006-07. Sales tax receipts are expected to increase by $461 million from the prior year due to a base growth of 3.5 percent before the impact of law changes. This is due largely to projected modest increases in employment, income and overall taxable consumption. Non-sales tax user taxes and fees are estimated to decrease by $14 million from 2006-07 mainly due to a projected decrease in cigarette tax and highway use tax collections. All Funds user taxes and fees in 2007-08 are revised down by $3 million from the Mid-Year Update. All Funds user taxes and fees are revised down by $152 million for 2008-09; this revision is mainly due to the proposed combination of the State sales tax on motor fuel and diesel motor fuel and the motor fuel tax with the petroleum business tax effective December 1, 2008. It is estimated that this will be offset by an increase in the petroleum business tax rate.

As of January 30, 2008, General Fund user taxes and fees receipts are expected to total $8.5 billion in 2007-08, an increase of $317 million or 3.9 percent from 2006-07. The increase reflects an increase in sales tax receipts of $326 million due to base growth.

Business Taxes

As of January 30, 2008, All Funds business tax receipts for 2007-08 are estimated at over $8.4 billion, a decrease of $169 million, or 2.0 percent from the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to decreases in corporate franchise tax receipts of 2.9 percent and bank tax receipts of 9.6 percent. The decrease in corporate franchise tax receipts is attributable to reduced audit and compliance payments and high refund payments, more than offsetting 2007-08 year receipts growth in the ongoing base. In addition, 2007-08 year receipts were supplemented by the closing of several loopholes in the 2007-08 Enacted Budget. The change in 2007-08 year bank tax receipts reflects a significant decrease in audit receipts and a modest increase in the payments on 2007-08 year estimated liability. In addition, an overall 0.5 percent decrease in corporation and utilities taxes reflects growth of 4.6 percent in non-audit receipts and a decline of 40 percent in audit receipts from 2006-07 levels. Year-to-date trends suggest that increases in receipts from electric utilities will be offset by decreases in receipts from the telecommunications industry.

 

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The decreases in All Funds corporate franchise and bank tax receipts are partially offset by increases in the All Funds receipts from the insurance tax of 2.7 percent and the petroleum business tax of 3.6 percent. The overall increase in insurance tax receipts reflects modest growth in the ongoing base of insurance tax receipts of 4.1 percent over the prior year and a 27 percent decline in audit receipts from the prior year. The increase in petroleum business tax receipts is primarily due to the increase of 5.0 percent in the petroleum business tax rate index effective January 1, 2007, offset by an expected 1.2 percent decrease in January 2008. The petroleum business tax increase also reflects the impact of proposed legislation to consolidate the motor fuel and petroleum business taxes.

As of January 30, 2008, General Fund business tax receipts for 2007-08 of $6.3 billion are estimated to decrease by $168 million, or 2.6 percent below 2006-07. Business tax receipts deposited to the General Fund reflect the All Funds trends discussed above. Compared to the Second Quarterly Update, 2007-08 All Funds business tax receipts are revised down by $215 million, or 2.5 percent to $8.4 billion. The decrease in the estimate reflects year-to-date results in the business taxes, which suggest lower growth in the corporate franchise tax receipts and bank tax receipts than anticipated.

Other Taxes

As of January 30, 2008, All Funds other tax receipts for 2007-08 are estimated to be more than $2.0 billion, down $61 million or 2.9 percent from 2006-07 receipts, reflecting declines in estate tax receipts and the real estate transfer tax. General Fund other tax receipts are expected to total $1.0 billion in fiscal year 2007-08, a decrease of $45 million.

All Funds other tax receipt estimates for 2007-08 have been revised down $41 million from the Mid-Year Update estimate. Receipts estimates for the estate tax have been reduced reflecting the decline in collections from larger estates while the real estate transfer tax estimate has been increased modestly as the strength of the Downstate commercial real estate market continues.

Miscellaneous Receipts

All Funds miscellaneous receipts include moneys received from the Health Care Reform Act (“HCRA”) financing sources, SUNY tuition and patient income, lottery receipts for education, assessments on regulated industries, and a variety of fees and licenses. All Funds miscellaneous receipts are projected to total $20.1 billion in 2007-08, an increase of $2.0 billion from 2006-07 largely driven by growth in: HCRA surcharge revenues ($689 million); lottery revenues, including VLTs ($256 million); and children and family services restructuring of the Youth Facility Per Diem Account ($114 million.)

Federal grants help pay for State spending on Medicaid, temporary and disability assistance, mental hygiene, School Aid, public health, and other activities. Annual changes to Federal grants generally correspond to changes in federally-reimbursed spending. Accordingly, DOB typically plans that Federal reimbursement will be received in the State fiscal year in which spending occurs, but timing sometimes varies. As of January 30, 2008, All Funds Federal grants are projected to total $35.8 billion in 2007-08, an increase of $262 million from 2006-07. Federal spending is expected to increase for Public Health ($315 million), mental hygiene ($147 million), transportation ($129 million), homeland security ($141 million) and temporary and disability assistance ($80 million). These increases are partially offset by a reduction in Federal Medicaid ($593 million).

As of January 30, 2008, General Fund miscellaneous receipts collections are estimated to be approximately $2.4 billion in 2007- 08, up $176 million from 2006-07 receipts. This increase is primarily due to a New York Power Authority payment, an ESDC property sale, a Driver’s Responsibility Program portion dedicated to the General Fund and the Hartford Financial Services Settlement. General Fund Federal grants are expected to decline by $81 million from the prior-year, reflecting the loss of the Medicare Part D subsidy.

 

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General Fund miscellaneous receipts for 2007-08 have been revised upward by $89 million, reflecting in part the additional revenues expected from NYPA, better than expected short-term investment income, the Hartford Financial Services settlement and the Monroe County Medicaid sales tax intercept. The additional receipts from Monroe County Sales Tax are expected to be largely offset by the State pick up of Medicaid costs for the County.

As of January 30, 2008, All Funds miscellaneous receipts are projected to total $20.1 billion in 2007-08, virtually unchanged from the Mid-Year Update, All Funds Federal grants are projected to total $35.8 billion in 2007-08, a downward revision of $175 million. This results from slower than expected spending against Federal homeland security grants and delayed implementation of the Federal Help Americans Vote Act mandate.

2008-09 DISBURSEMENTS FORECAST

State Operating Funds spending, which includes both the General Fund and spending from other operating funds supported by assessments, tuition, HCRA resources and other non-Federal revenues, is projected to total $81.8 billion in 2008-09. All Funds spending, which includes capital spending and Federal aid in addition to State Operating Funds, is projected to total $124.3 billion in 2008-09. The Financial Plan projections assume that the 2008-09 Executive Budget is enacted in its entirety.

Grants to Local Governments

Grants to Local Governments (“Local Assistance”) include payments to local governments, school districts, healthcare providers, and other local entities, as well as certain financial assistance to, or on behalf of, individuals, families, and nonprofit organizations. Local Assistance comprises 70 percent of All Funds spending.

In 2008-09, All Funds spending for local assistance is expected to total $87.4 billion. Total spending comprises State aid to medical assistance providers and public health programs ($37.7 billion); State aid to school districts, universities, and tuition assistance ($33.0 billion); temporary and disability assistance ($4.1 billion); mental hygiene programs ($3.7 billion); transportation ($3.1 billion); children and family services ($2.7 billion); and local government assistance ($1.1 billion). Other local assistance programs include criminal justice, economic development, housing, parks and recreation, and environmental quality.

For 2008-09, All Funds local assistance spending is projected to total $87.4 billion, an increase of $3.5 billion (4.1 percent) over the 2007-08. The growth is primarily driven by projected increases in School Aid ($1.4 billion) and Medicaid ($1.3 billion).

State Operations

All Funds State Operations spending is projected at $19.4 billion in 2008-09, which finances the costs of Executive agencies ($17.3 billion) and the Legislature and Judiciary ($2.1 billion). The largest agencies include SUNY ($4.7 billion; 40,632 Full Time Equivalent Employees (“FTEs”)), Correctional Services ($2.5 billion; 31,603 FTEs), Mental Hygiene ($3.0 billion; 40,907 FTEs), Public Health, including Office of the Medicaid Inspector General ($875 million; 6,793 FTEs), and State Police ($637 million; 5,989 FTEs).

All Funds State Operations spending is expected to total $19.4 billion in 2008-09, comprising Personal Service ($12.6 billion) and Non-Personal Service ($6.8 billion). The majority of State Operations spending is for SUNY ($4.7 billion), Correctional Services ($2.5 billion), Judiciary ($2.1 billion), OMRDD ($1.5 billion) and OMH ($1.4 billion).

The All Funds State Operations spending increase of $762 million (4.1 percent) is primarily driven by projected increases for collective bargaining agreements ($197 million), the Judiciary ($181 million), Insurance ($110 million), Stem Cell Research ($85 million), Correctional Services ($51 million), OMH ($28 million), and Public Health ($26 million).

 

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General State Charges

General State Charges (“GSCs”) account for the costs of fringe benefits provided to State employees and retirees of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches, and certain fixed costs paid by the State. Fringe benefit payments, many of which are mandated by statute or collective bargaining agreements, include employer contributions for pensions, Social Security, health insurance, workers’ compensation and unemployment insurance. Fixed costs include State taxes paid to local governments for certain State-owned lands, and payments related to lawsuits against the State and its public officers.

For most agencies, employee fringe benefit costs are paid centrally from appropriations made to GSCs. These centrally-paid fringe benefit costs represent the majority of GSCs spending. However, certain agencies, such as the Judiciary and the State University of New York, directly pay all or a portion of their employees’ fringe benefit costs from their respective budgets. Employee fringe benefits paid through the GSCs account are paid from the General Fund in the first instance and then partially reimbursed by revenue collected from fringe benefit assessments on Federal funds and other special revenue accounts. The funding source of fringe benefit costs directly paid by certain agencies is dependent on the respective agencies’ funding sources. Fixed costs are paid in full by General Fund revenues from the GSCs account.

All Funds spending on GSCs is expected to total $5.6 billion in 2008-09, and includes health insurance spending for employees ($1.7 billion) and retirees ($1.0 billion), pensions ($1.2 billion) and Social Security ($889 million).

Debt Service

The State pays debt service on all outstanding State-supported bonds. These include general obligation bonds, for which the State is constitutionally obligated to pay debt service, as well as bonds issued by State public authorities (i.e., Empire State Development Corporation (“ESDC”), the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (“DASNY”), and the Thruway Authority (“TA”) for which the State is contractually obligated to pay debt service, subject to an appropriation. Depending on the credit structure, debt service is financed through transfers from the General Fund, dedicated taxes and fees, and other resources, such as patient income revenues.

All Funds debt service is projected at $4.6 billion in 2008-09, of which $1.7 billion is paid from the General Fund through transfers and $2.9 billion from other State funds. Debt service is paid on revenue credits supported by dedicated taxes and fees and patient income, including Personal Income Tax Revenue bonds, Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund bonds and Mental Health facilities bonds, as well as service contract bonds that are secured mainly by the General Fund.

Capital Projects

Capital Projects account for spending across all functional areas to finance costs related to the acquisition, construction, repair or renovation of fixed assets. Spending from appropriations made from over 30 capital projects funds are financed from four sources: annual State taxes or dedicated miscellaneous receipts, grants from the Federal government, the proceeds of notes or bonds issued pursuant to General Obligation Bond Acts which are approved by the State voters, and the proceeds of notes or bonds issued by public authorities pursuant to legal authorization for State capital spending.

All Funds capital spending is projected at $6.6 billion in 2007-08 and $7.9 billion in 2008-09. In fiscal year 2008-09, transportation spending, primarily for improvements and maintenance to the State’s highways and bridges, continues to account for the largest share (51 percent) of this total. The balance of projected spending will support capital investments in the areas of economic development and government oversight (12 percent), education (10 percent), mental hygiene and public protection (9 percent), and parks and the environment (8 percent). The remainder of projected capital projects spending will be spread across health and social welfare, general government and other areas (10 percent).

 

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OUTYEAR PROJECTIONS

The recommendations set forth in the Budget result in a balanced General Fund Financial Plan in 2008-09 and reduce projected out-year budget gaps to $3.3 billion in 2009-10, $5.7 billion in 2010-11, and $6.8 billion in 2011-12. The projections assume that the Legislature will enact the 2008-09 Executive Budget recommendations in their entirety.

After recommendations, General Fund spending is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 8.0 percent. The spending is driven by School Aid investments, rising costs for education, public health care, the State-financed cap on local Medicaid spending, employee and retiree health benefits, local government aid and child welfare programs, and the recommended initiatives for health care and human services cost-of-living-adjustment. Over the same period, General Fund receipts are estimated to grow at approximately 5 percent a year, consistent with the DOB’s forecast of moderating economic growth.

In evaluating the State’s out-year operating forecast, it should be noted that the reliability of the estimates as a predictor of the State’s future fiscal condition is likely to diminish as one moves further from the 2007-08 year and budget year estimates. Accordingly, the 2008-09 forecast is perhaps the most relevant from a planning perspective, since any gap in that year must be closed with the next budget and the variability of the estimates is likely to be less than in later years. The State will provide quarterly revisions to its multi-year estimates.

The forecast for 2009-10 is based on assumptions of economic performance, revenue collections, spending patterns, and projections for the current services costs of program activities, and assumes enactment of the Executive Budget in its entirety. DOB believes the estimates of annual change in revenues and spending that create the 2009-10 current services gap forecast are based on reasonable assumptions and methodologies. Significant assumptions that affect the forecast include:

 

   

The Executive Budget will be enacted without modification. The estimates assume that any legislative changes to the 2008-09 Executive Budget would be matched with a corresponding amount of recurring resources.

 

   

Economic growth will continue during the forecast period. DOB’s forecast calls for moderate expansion in the economy. The momentum of the State’s expansion appears to have peaked in 2005, and the forecast calls for positive, but below average, growth through calendar year 2008 and a return to trend growth in the out-years.

 

   

Revenues, adjusting for tax law changes, will grow in the range of 5.2 percent to 6.1 percent annually. The growth rate is consistent with DOB’s forecast for the economy but, as in any year, is subject to significant volatility. Changes in the economic growth rate, Federal law, and taxpayer behavior all have a significant influence on receipts collections.

 

   

The Federal government will not make substantive funding changes to major aid programs or make substantive regulatory changes that adversely affect the State.

 

   

The projections do not include any extra costs for unsettled labor settlements. The Financial Plan projections do not include spending for unions that have not yet reached tentative labor settlements with the State. These include unions representing uniformed officers and the Public Employees Federation. As of January 30, 2008, the DOB estimates that if all the unsettled unions were to agree to the same terms that have been ratified by the Civil Service Employees Association, it would result in added costs of $144 million in 2007-08, $303 million in 2008-09, $444 million in 2009-10, and $636 million in 2010-11. Financial Plan reserves set aside for this purpose are sufficient to cover all but $183 million of these costs through 2009-10.

 

   

The projections do not assume the use of one-time resources. In a typical year, however, the Financial Plan usually includes some such resources.

 

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Changes to these or other assumptions have the potential to materially alter the size of the budget gaps for 2009-10 and beyond.

OUTYEAR RECEIPTS PROJECTIONS

Overall, tax receipts growth in the three fiscal years following 2008-09 is expected to remain in the range of 4.8 to 6.0 percent. This is consistent with a projected return to trend economic growth in the U.S. and New York economies in the second half of 2008. Receipt growth is supported by proposals contained with this Budget that eliminate unintended tax loopholes, reform and simplify the Tax Law, and supplement Department of Taxation and Finance efforts to find non-compliant and fraudulent taxpayers. These factors are expected to continue to enhance expected receipt growth through 2011-12.

 

   

As of January 30, 2008, total General Fund receipts are projected to reach nearly $59 billion in 2009-10, over $61 billion in 2010-11 and nearly $65 billion in 2011-12.

 

   

Total State Funds receipts are projected to be approximately $85 billion in 2009-10, over $88 billion in 2010-11 and nearly $92 billion in 2011-12.

 

   

Total All Funds receipts in 2009-10 are projected to reach over $128 billion, an increase of $5.0 billion, or 4.1 percent from 2008-09 estimates. All Funds receipts in 2010-11 are expected to increase by nearly $5.1 billion (4.0 percent) over the prior year. In 2011-12, receipts are expected to increase by nearly $5.0 billion (3.7 percent) over 2010-11 projections.

 

   

All Funds tax receipts are expected to increase by 6.0 percent in 2009-10, 4.8 percent in 2010-11 and 5.5 percent in 2011-12. Again, the growth pattern is consistent with an economic forecast of continued, but slower, economic growth.

Income Taxes

All Funds income tax receipts for 2008-09 of $38.8 billion are projected to increase $2.3 billion or 6.2 percent over the prior year. Gross receipts are projected to increase 6.3 percent and reflect projected withholding growth of 6.2 percent ($1.8 billion), while the growth in estimated taxes for tax year 2008 liabilities is expected to reach 6.8 percent ($580 million). Payments from extensions and final returns for tax year 2007 are projected to increase by 8.0 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively. Receipts from delinquencies are projected to increase $38 million over the prior year. Growth in total refunds is estimated at $484 million or 7.4 percent.

General Fund income tax receipts for 2008-09 of $24.4 billion are projected to increase by $1.7 billion or 7.3 percent over the prior year. The increase reflects a slight reduction in the STAR transfer which in turn is attributable to a one-time delay of a $250 million payment to New York City until June 2009. Deposits to the RBTF are expected to increase by 6.2 percent, the same percentage increase as projected for net collections since the transfer equals 25 percent of net collections.

Compared to the Mid-Year Update, 2008-09 All Funds income tax receipts are revised downward by $259 million. This reflects lower withholding of $200 million, additional estimated tax payments related to tax year 2008 of $130 million, an increase in 2007-08 return payments of $35 million related to legislation proposed with this Budget, and a $224 million increase in total refunds. The increase in refunds is the net of a $500 million upward re-estimate for 2007-08 tax year 2007 refunds, $250 million of which is the one-time impact of increasing the January-March refund cap from $1,500 million to $1,750 million, a $100 million downward revision in the State-city offset, and a $176 million reduction in refunds due to legislation intended to promote improved tax compliance.

All Funds income tax receipts for 2009-10 of $41.8 billion are projected to increase $2.95 billion or 7.6 percent over the prior year. Gross receipts are projected to increase 6.7 percent and reflect withholding that is

 

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projected to grow by 6.4 percent ($1.9 billion). Total estimated taxes on prior and 2007-08 year liabilities reflect the expectation of continued growth in incomes of wealthy taxpayers and will increase by an estimated 7.6 percent ($954 million). Payments from final returns are expected to increase 6.7 percent ($148 million). Delinquencies are projected to increase $39 million or 4.1 percent over the prior year. Growth in total refunds is projected at $103 million or 1.5 percent over the prior year. This low growth reflects the one-time $250 million increase in 2008-09 refunds noted above.

General Fund income tax receipts for 2009-10 of $25.9 billion are projected to increase by $1.5 billion, or 6.2 percent. General Fund receipts for 2009-10 reflect an increase in STAR deposits of $710 million due to the resumption of the middle-class rebate program as well as the fact that 2008-09 transfers were reduced by $250 million for the New York City timing change noted above, and a $739 million increase in deposits to the RBTF.

All Funds income tax receipts for 2010-11 and 2011-12 are projected to reach $44.5 billion and $47.4 billion, respectively. General Fund receipts are projected at $27.4 billion and $29.3 billion, respectively.

User Taxes and Fees

All Funds user taxes and fees receipts for 2008-09 are projected to be $14.2 billion, an increase of $314 million, or 2.3 percent from 2007-08. General Fund user taxes and fees receipts are projected to total $8.8 billion in 2008-09, an increase of $329 million, or 3.9 percent from 2007-08. This increase largely reflects a projected increase in sales tax and motor vehicle fee receipts. Motor vehicle fee receipts are projected to increase due to a proposal to offer a “Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative” compliant driver’s license in New York State. The large decline in motor fuel tax receipts reflects the proposal in this Budget to combine the motor fuel tax into the petroleum business tax.

All Funds user taxes and fees in 2009-10 are projected to decrease by $200 million and then increase by $453 million in 2010-11 and $536 million in 2011-12. Again, the 2009-10 decrease reflects the proposed consolidation of the motor fuel tax, and sales tax on motor fuel and diesel motor fuel into the petroleum business tax.

Business Tax Receipts

All Funds business tax receipts for 2008-09 of $9.7 billion are projected to increase by nearly $1.3 billion, or 15.2 percent over the prior year. Proposed legislation that would reclassify receipts from the motor fuel tax and sales tax on motor fuel and diesel motor fuel as petroleum business tax receipts accounts for $358 million of the increase. This increase will be offset by a comparable decrease in the sales tax and motor fuel tax receipts in the user taxes and fees category. (See “User Taxes and Fees” above.)

Non-audit business tax receipts before these Executive Budget initiatives are projected to increase by just 0.2 percent. The overall increase reflects a projected increase in the growth of non-audit corporate franchise tax receipts of 4.3 percent, a decrease of 16.0 percent in non-audit bank tax receipts, an increase in non-audit corporation and utilities taxes of 0.6 percent, and a 4.4 percent increase in the petroleum business tax receipts. Non-audit receipts from the insurance taxes are projected to decrease by 1.3 percent. Audit receipts related to All Funds business taxes are projected to increase by approximately 5.3 percent or roughly $58 million from 2007-08.

General Fund business tax receipts for 2008-09 of nearly $7.3 billion are projected to increase $954 million, or 15 percent over the prior year. Business tax receipts deposited to the General Fund reflect the All Funds trends and the Executive Budget initiatives discussed above.

All Funds business tax receipts for 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 reflect trend growth that is determined in part by the expected level of corporate profits, the projected increase in taxable insurance premiums, estimated

 

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increases in electric utility consumption prices and the consumption of telecommunications services. In addition, the fully effective impact of the Executive Budget initiatives supplements out-year growth. Business tax receipts will increase to $10.7 billion (10.1 percent) in 2009-10, $10.8 billion (0.6 percent) in 2010-11, and $11.2 billion (3.8 percent) in 2011-12. Projected General Fund business tax receipts reflect the factors outlined above and the out-year impact of Executive Budget initiatives. General Fund business tax receipts over this period are expected to increase to $7.8 billion (7.7 percent) in 2009-10, $7.9 billion (0.6 percent) in 2010-11, and $8.2 billion (4.5 percent) in 2011-12.

Other Taxes

All Funds other tax receipts in 2008-09 are projected to be nearly $2.2 billion, up $133 million or 6.5 percent from 2007-08, reflecting modest retrenchment in real estate transfer tax receipts as well as a return to a normal estate tax collection pace. General Fund receipts for 2008-09 are projected to total nearly $1.2 billion, an increase of $164 million. General Fund other taxes receipts projections for 2008-09 are revised down by $17 million from the Mid-Year Update, reflecting slightly slower growth in estate tax collections.

The 2009-10 All Funds receipts projection for other taxes is just over $2.3 billion, up $156 million or 7.2 percent from 2008-09 receipts. Growth in the estate tax is projected to follow expected increases in household net worth and receipts from the real estate transfer tax continue to reflect the slowdown in the housing market.

The 2010-11 All Funds receipts projection for other taxes is approximately $2.4 billion, up $83 million or 3.6 percent from 2009-10 receipts. The forecast reflects continued increases in household net worth as well as in the value of real property transfers. The 2011-12 All Funds receipts projection for other taxes is nearly $2.5 billion, up $90 million (3.7 percent) from 2010-11 as continued moderate growth in estate tax collections is expected.

Miscellaneous Receipts

All Funds miscellaneous receipts are projected to total $21.3 billion in 2008-09, an increase of more than $1.2 billion from the 2007-08 year, driven by: growth in programs financed with authority bond proceeds ($706 million), including spending for economic development, environment, education and mental health; projected first year receipts for the proposal to redirect all unclaimed bottle deposits to support spending in the Environmental Protection Fund ($25 million); growth in lottery revenues, including VLTs ($340 million); SUNY revenue ($68 million); and statewide Civil Legal Services funding ($53 million.) All Funds Federal grants are projected to total $36.9 billion in 2008-09, an increase of $1.0 billion from the 2007-08 year. Federal spending is expected to increase for Medicaid ($471 million), social services ($160 million), and homeland security ($76 million). These increases would be slightly offset by a decrease of approximately $14 million due to the potential loss of the Medicare Part D Subsidy should a conversion occur. Such a conversion would have no negative impact on retirees while potentially reducing State spending. In most cases, the grant levels reflect projected changes in State spending levels and a corresponding change in estimated Federal reimbursement, not changes in aid levels for New York authorized by Congress.

General Fund miscellaneous receipts collections in 2008-09 are projected to reach approximately $2.2 billion, down $206 million from 2007-08 estimates, due to the loss of revenue from the New York Power Authority (“NYPA”), and decreases in indirect costs revenue and abandoned property transfers, partially offset by increases in receipts due to the Monroe County Medicaid sales tax intercept payments. All Funds Federal grants are projected to total $36.9 billion in 2008-09, a downward revision of nearly $1.0 billion from the Mid-Year Update. Federal aid is expected to decrease for Medicaid ($620 million), homeland security ($202 million) and elections ($103 million). General Fund miscellaneous receipts and Federal grants projections for 2008-09 are revised up by $172 million from the Mid-Year Update, primarily due to a larger than expected payment from the State of New York Mortgage Agency and increases in investment income, abandoned property and bond issuance charges.

 

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In 2009-10, General Fund miscellaneous receipts and Federal grants are projected to be nearly $2.2 billion, down $52 million from 2008-09. This decrease primarily results from the loss of the State of New York Mortgage Agency payment and reduced transfers from abandoned property and a possible conversion of a Medicare D (Prescription Drug) Plan for retirees to a contracted Medicare D plan. General Fund miscellaneous receipts in 2010-11 are projected to be almost $2.3 billion, up $75 million from the prior year. This increase is primarily due to projected collections from other transactions. In 2011-12, General Fund receipts are projected to be nearly $2.1 billion, a decrease of approximately $201 million from 2010-11. This decrease is almost solely due to reduced collections from other transactions.

Non-Tax General Fund Transfers from Other Funds

All other transfers to the General Fund from other State Funds are expected to decline in 2008-09 from 2007-08 levels primarily as a result of non-recurring fund sweeps from several special revenue accounts that were included in the 2007-08 Enacted Budget and a reduction in transfers from the Tribal State Compact Revenue account. Transfers from the Tribal State Compact account in 2007-08 reflect payments owed to the State from the Seneca Indian Nation from prior years. It is projected that these moneys will be received in 2007-08 and transfers in 2008-09 will return to normal levels.

OUTYEAR DISBURSEMENTS PROJECTIONS

DOB forecasts General Fund spending of $62.1 billion in 2009-10, an increase of $5.3 billion (9.4 percent) over recommended 2008-09 levels. Growth in 2010-11 is projected at $5.1 billion (8.2 percent) and in 2011-12 at $4.2 billion (6.4 percent). The growth levels are based on current services projections, as modified by the recommendations contained in the 2008-09 Executive Budget. They do not incorporate any estimate of potential new actions to control spending, that would likely result from the constitutional requirement for the Governor to submit balanced budgets annually. Annual growth in local assistance is driven primarily by School Aid, Medicaid, local government assistance, other education aid and children and family services.

Grants to Local Governments

School Aid. On a school-year basis, School Aid is projected at $23.1 billion in 2009-10, $25.6 billion in 2010-11, and $27.2 billion in 2011-12. On a State fiscal-year basis, General Fund School Aid spending is projected to grow by $1.8 billion in 2009-10, $2.0 billion in 2010-11, and $1.5 billion in 2011-12. Outside the General Fund, revenues from core lottery sales are projected to increase by $161 million in 2009-10, $74 million in 2010-11, and $108 million in 2011-12 (totaling $2.5 billion in 2011-12). Revenues from VLTs are projected to total $764 million in 2008-09, then decrease by $120 million in 2009-10 following the expected one-time receipt of $250 million in revenues during 2008-09 for the sale of development rights. They are then projected to increase by $243 million in 2010-11 and $229 million in 2011-12. VLTs are expected to total $1.1 billion in 2011-12. The VLT estimates assume the start of operations at Aqueduct in 2009-10 and Belmont in 2010-11.

Projected School Aid increases are primarily due to increases in Foundation Aid; Universal Pre-kindergarten expansion; and increases in expense-based aids such as building aid and transportation aid.

Medicaid. General Fund spending for Medicaid is expected to grow by $1.5 billion in 2009-10, $1.1 billion in 2010-11, and another $1.3 billion in 2011-12. Medicaid growth results, in part, from the combination of projected increases in recipients, service utilization, and medical care cost inflation that impact nearly all categories of service (i.e., hospitals, nursing homes, etc.). The State cap on local Medicaid costs and takeover of local FHP costs, which are included in base categories of service, are projected to increase spending by $262 million in 2008-09, $259 million in 2009-10, and $341 million in 2010-11. In 2009-10, an extra weekly payment to providers adds $300 million in base spending across all categories of service. The remaining growth is primarily attributed to the available resources in other State Funds which are used to lower General Fund costs,

 

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including certain nursing home delinquent payor assessment collections in 2007-08 that are not expected to recur in 2008-09, and lower levels of HCRA financing beginning in 2008-09.

The average number of Medicaid recipients is expected to grow to 3.7 million in 2008-09, an increase of 2.4 percent from the estimated 2007-08 caseload of more than 3.6 million. FHP enrollment is estimated to grow to approximately 546,000 individuals in 2008-09, an increase of 3.8 percent over projected 2007-08 enrollment of almost 526,000 individuals.

Higher Education. Spending for higher education programs is projected to grow by $211 million in 2008-09, $64 million in 2009-10, and $65 million in 2010-11. This growth largely reflects corrections for actual growth in fringe benefit costs budgeted within CUNY’s gross operating budget, final year collective bargaining costs and inflationary increases for mandatory costs, including utilities and building leases.

Mental Hygiene. Mental Hygiene spending is projected at $2.1 billion in 2009-10, $2.3 billion in 2010-11, and $2.5 billion in 2011-12. Sources of growth include: increases in the projected State share of Medicaid costs; cost-of-living increases, including a proposed three-year extension of the human services COLA; and projected expansions of the various mental hygiene service systems including the OMH’s children’s services; increases in the NYS-CARES program and in the development of children’s beds in OMRDD to bring children back from out-of-state placements; the NY/NY III Supportive Housing agreement and community bed expansion in OMH; and several new chemical dependence treatment and prevention initiatives in OASAS.

Children and Family Services. Children and Family Services local assistance spending is projected to grow by $133 million in 2009-10, $172 million in 2010-11 and $148 million in 2011-12. The increases are driven primarily by expected growth in local child welfare claims, the implementation of the OCFS Medicaid waiver, and cost-of-living increases for human services providers through 2011-12.

Temporary and Disability Assistance. Spending is projected at $1.2 billion in 2009-10, an increase of $73 million from 2008-09, and is expected at the same level through 2011-12. Although public assistance caseload is projected to increase marginally between 2009-10 and 2011-12, this spending is countered by an increase in Federal offsets, which decrease the level of General Fund resources needed.

Other Local. All other local assistance programs total $4.7 billion in 2009-10, an increase of $444 million over 2008-09 levels. This growth in spending primarily reflects increases in local government assistance including a full restoration of unrestricted aid to New York City ($164 million), and additional AIM funding ($75 million), various public health program costs, and other education aid. State Operations spending is expected to total $9.2 billion in 2009-10, an annual increase of $373 million (4.2 percent). In 2010-11, spending is projected to grow by another $544 million (5.9 percent) to a total of $9.8 billion, followed by another $266 million (2.7 percent) for a total of $10.0 billion in 2011-12. The personal service portion of these increases reflects the impact of the settled labor contracts; salary adjustments for performance advances, longevity payments and promotions; and increased staffing levels, primarily in the Judiciary and Mental Hygiene. Inflationary increases for non-personal service costs result in higher spending in all years. Additional growth is driven by spending for ongoing initiatives, including the civil commitment program for sexual offenders, and medical and pharmacy costs in the areas of mental hygiene and corrections.

State Operations

State Operations spending is expected to total $10.0 billion in 2008-09, an annual increase of $436 million (4.6 percent). In 2009-10, spending is projected to grow by another $400 million to a total of $10.4 billion (4.0 percent), followed by another $314 million for a total of $10.7 billion in 2010-11. The personal service portion of these increases reflects salary adjustments for performance advances, longevity payments and promotions, and increased staffing levels, primarily in Mental Hygiene and Corrections. Inflationary increases for non-personal service costs result in higher spending in all years. Additional growth is driven by spending for

 

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ongoing initiatives, including the civil commitment program for sexual offenders, and medical and pharmacy costs in the areas of mental hygiene and corrections. While a reserve is set aside for potential collective bargaining settlements and other purposes, the State Operation spending projections do not reflect potential salary increases and labor settlements after the 2007-08 round of contracts, which expired on April 1, 2007 (United University Professions contracts expired on July 1, 2007).

General State Charges

GSCs are projected to total $3.8 billion in 2009-10, $4.1 billion in 2010-11 and $4.4 billion in 2011-12. The annual increases are due mainly to anticipated cost increases in pensions and health insurance for State employees and retirees. Additional growth is projected in 2009-10 resulting from the Medicaid adjustment transaction described earlier.

The State’s pension contribution rate to the New York State and Local Retirement System, which is 8.8 percent of payroll for 2008-09, is expected to increase to 9.0 percent for 2009-10 and 2010-11 and to 9.3 percent in 2011-12. Pension costs in 2009-10 are projected to total $1.3 billion, an increase of $71 million over 2008-09 due to projected growth in the salary base. In 2010-11, pension costs are expected to remain virtually unchanged. In 2011-12, they are expected to increase by $57 million due to an anticipated increase in the State contribution rate. Spending for employee and retiree health care costs is expected to increase by $228 million in 2009-10, $264 million in 2010-11, and another $291 million in 2011-12 and assumes an average annual premium increase of roughly 9.5 percent. Health insurance is projected at $2.9 billion in 2009-10 ($1.8 billion for active employees and $1.1 billion for retired employees), $3.2 billion in 2010-11 ($2.0 billion for active employees and $1.2 billion for retired employees) and $3.4 billion in 2011-12 ($2.1 billion for active employees and $1.3 billion for retired employees).

Transfers to Other Funds

In 2009-10, transfers to other funds are estimated at $3.1 billion, an increase of $229 million over 2008-09. This increase includes potential transfers to the Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund aimed at reducing fund gaps and an increase in other capital transfers of $115 million. All other transfers are expected to increase by $33 million from 2008-09. The most significant changes include an increase in the State’s SUNY subsidy to hospitals and a decline in General Fund transfers to support stem cell research, as support is transitioned from the General Fund to the Health Care Resources Fund beginning in 2009-10. In 2010-11, transfers to other funds are expected to increase by $369 million. This reflects expected growth in General Fund support to the Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund, partially offset by the shift in stem cell research support described above. In 2011-12 transfers are expected to increase by $501 million, mainly to provide subsidies to HCRA and the Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund.

PRIOR FISCAL YEARS

2006-07 Fiscal Year (Unaudited Results)

DOB reported a 2006-07 General Fund surplus of $1.5 billion. Results for 2006-07 were $1.5 billion higher than the balanced Enacted Budget as a result of revenue revisions over initial projections $1.4 billion) and changes to reserve fund balances ($767 million), partly offset by higher than initially projected spending ($607 million). Total receipts, including transfers from other funds, were $51.4 billion. Disbursements, including transfers to other fund, totaled $51.6 billion.

The General Fund ended the 2006-07 fiscal year with a balance of $3.0 billion, which included dedicated balances of $1.0 billion in the TSRF that can only be used for unforeseen mid-year shortfalls (after a $87 million deposit at the close of 2006-07), the Contingency Reserve Fund ($21 million), and the Community Projects Fund ($278 million). The closing fund balance also included $1.7 billion in general reserves.

 

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General Fund receipts, including transfers from other funds and the impact of the tax refund reserve transaction, totaled $51.4 billion in 2006-07, an increase of $4.2 billion from 2005-06 results. Tax receipts increased by $3.4 billion, transfers increased by $419 million, and miscellaneous receipts increased by $390 million.

General Fund spending, including transfers to other funds, totaled $51.6 billion in 2006-07, an increase of $5.1 billion from 2005-06. The main sources of annual growth were school aid, Medicaid, and higher education programs.

2005-06 Fiscal Year

The DOB reported a 2005-06 General Fund surplus of $2.0 billion. Results for 2005-06 were $2.0 billion higher than the Enacted Budget as a result of revenue revisions over initial projection ($1.2 billion), changes to reserve fund balances ($895 million) and other timing-related transactions which had no impact on operations ($251 million), partly offset by higher than initially projected spending ($288 million). Total receipts, including transfers from other funds, were $47.2 billion. Disbursements, including transfers to other funds, totaled $46.5 billion.

The General Fund ended the 2005-06 fiscal year with a balance of $3.3 billion, which included dedicated balances of $944 million in the TSRF (after a $72 million deposit at the close of 2005-06), the Contingency Reserve Fund ($21 million), and the Community Projects Fund ($251 million). The closing balance also included $2.0 billion in general reserves.

General Fund receipts, including transfers from other funds and the impact of the tax refund reserve transaction, totaled $47.2 billion in 2005-06, an increase of $3.3 billion from 2004-05 results. Tax receipts increased by $3.8 billion and transfers increased by $743 million, while miscellaneous receipts decreased by $197 million. The decline in miscellaneous receipts was primarily attributable to the loss of various one-time receipts including the securitization of tobacco proceeds.

General Fund spending, including transfers to other funds, totaled $46.5 billion in 2005-06, an increase of $2.9 billion from 2004-05. The main sources of annual growth were Medicaid, school aid, and fringe benefits.

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

For the purposes of this disclosure, public authorities refer to certain of its public benefit corporations, created pursuant to State law. Public authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself and may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in legislative authorization. The State’s access to the public credit markets could be impaired and the market price of its outstanding debt may be materially and adversely affected if certain of its public authorities were to default on their respective obligations. As of December 31, 2006, 19 public authorities had outstanding debt of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, of these public authorities was approximately $129 billion.

The State has numerous public authorities with various responsibilities, including those which finance, construct and/or operate revenue-producing public facilities. Public authorities generally pay their operating expenses and debt service costs from revenues generated by the projects they finance or operate, such as tolls charged for the use of highways, bridges or tunnels, charges for public power, electric and gas utility services, rentals charged for housing units, and charges for occupancy at medical care facilities. In addition, State legislation authorizes several other financing techniques for public authorities.

Also, there are statutory arrangements providing for State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities to be made under certain circumstances to public authorities. Although the State has no obligation to

 

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provide additional assistance to localities whose local assistance payments have been paid to public authorities under these arrangements, the affected localities may seek additional State assistance if local assistance payments are diverted. Some authorities also receive moneys from State appropriations to pay for the operating costs of certain of their programs.

LOCALITIES

The City of New York

The fiscal demands on the State may be affected by the fiscal condition of the City of New York, which relies in part on State aid to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. It is also possible that the State’s finances may be affected by the ability of the City, and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City, to market securities successfully in the public credit markets.

The staffs of the New York State Financial Control Board, the Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York, the City Comptroller and the Independent Budget Office issue periodic reports on the City’s financial plans.

Other Localities

Certain localities outside New York City have experienced financial problems and have requested and received additional State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. While a relatively infrequent practice, deficit financing has become more common in recent years. Between 2004 and 2007, the State Legislature authorized 14 bond issuances to finance local government operating deficits. The potential impact on the State of any future requests by localities for additional oversight or financial assistance is not included in the projections of the State’s receipts and disbursements for the State’s 2007-08 fiscal year or thereafter.

To help resolve persistent fiscal difficulties in the City of Buffalo, the State enacted legislation in July 2003 that created the Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority (“BFSA”). To address a deteriorating fiscal situation in Erie County, the State enacted legislation in July 2005 that created the Erie County Fiscal Stability Authority (“ECFSA”). Under these statutes, the City of Buffalo and the County are required to take annual budgetary actions necessary to address increasing percentages of their projected budget gaps and the BFSA and the ECFSA are authorized to finance the remaining budget gaps through the issuance of deficit bonds and through restructuring or refinancing of outstanding debt. Tax revenues generated by the City of Buffalo and the Buffalo City School District as well as State aid payments are pledged to support any bonds issued by the BFSA. Similarly, the County’s sales tax revenues and certain statutorily defined State aid payments are pledged as revenue to support any bonds issued by ECFSA.

Like the State, local governments must respond to changing political, economic and financial influences over which they have little or no control. Such changes may adversely affect the financial condition of certain local governments. For example, the Federal government may reduce (or in some cases eliminate) Federal funding of some local programs or disallow certain claims which, in turn, may require local governments to fund these expenditures from their own resources. It is also possible that localities or any of their respective public authorities may suffer serious financial difficulties that could jeopardize local access to the public credit markets, which may adversely affect the marketability of notes and bonds issued by localities within the State. Localities may also face unanticipated problems resulting from certain pending litigation, judicial decisions and long-range economic trends. Other large-scale potential problems, such as declining urban populations, increasing expenditures, and the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs, may also adversely affect localities and necessitate State assistance.

 

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DEBT AND OTHER FINANCING ACTIVITIES

State-related debt consists of State-supported debt, where the State, subject to an appropriation, is directly responsible for paying debt service, as well as State-guaranteed debt (to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged), moral obligation financings and certain contingent-contractual obligation financings, where debt service is expected to be paid from other sources and State appropriations are contingent in that they may be made and used only under certain circumstances. State-supported debt is a subset of State-related debt and includes general obligation debt, to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged, and lease-purchase and contractual obligations of public authorities and municipalities, where the State’s legal obligation to make payments to those public authorities and municipalities is subject to and paid from annual appropriations made by the Legislature. As of March 31, 2007, total State-related debt equaled $48.4 million.

The State has never defaulted on any of its general obligation indebtedness or its obligations under lease-purchase or contractual obligation financing arrangements and has never been called upon to make any direct payments pursuant to its guarantees.

2007-08 State Borrowing Plan

The Enacted Plan reflects the expectation that State PIT Revenue Bonds will continue to be issued to finance certain new programs and programs previously authorized to be secured by service contract or lease-purchase payments.

The State’s borrowing plan projects new issuance of $358 million in general obligation bonds in 2007-08 including $275 million of Rebuild and Renew New York Transportation Bonds which was approved by the voters in November 2005; $703 million in DHBTF Bonds issued by the Thruway Authority to finance capital projects for transportation; $373 million in Mental Health Facilities Improvement Revenue Bonds issued by DASNY to finance capital projects at mental health facilities; $102 million in SUNY Dormitory Facilities Revenue Bonds to finance capital projects related to student dormitories; and $4.9 billion in State PIT Revenue Bonds to finance various capital programs, as described below.

State PIT Revenue Bond borrowings include issuances by: (i) DASNY for school construction (“EXCEL”), university facilities (Jobs 2000), SUNY higher education facilities and community colleges, CUNY senior and community colleges, Higher Education Capital Matching Grants for private colleges, health care grants under the Health Care Efficiency and Affordability Law for New Yorkers (“Heal NY”) Capital Grant Program, cultural education storage facilities, courthouse improvements and training facilities, library facilities, and for local public safety answering point equipment and technology upgrades associated with wireless E-911 service; (ii) the Thruway Authority for CHIPs; (iii) Urban Development Corporation (“UDC”) (doing business as the Empire State Development Corporation) for correctional and youth facilities, sports facilities, State facilities and equipment acquisitions; (iv) the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation (“EFC”) for State Environmental Infrastructure Projects, including Water Pollution Control and Pipeline for Jobs (Jobs 2000) and Hazardous Waste Remediation; and (v) the Housing Finance Agency (“HFA”) for housing programs. State PIT Revenue Bonds for 2007-08 also include the Community Enhancement Facilities Assistance Program (“CEFAP”) for economic development purposes which may be issued by the Thruway Authority, DASNY, UDC and HFA; the Strategic Investment Program (“SIP”) for environmental, historic preservation, economic development, arts, and cultural purposes, which may be issued by DASNY, UDC and EFC; and Regional Economic Development Program, Higher Technology and Development Program, Economic Development Initiatives, and the Regional Economic Growth Program which includes the Empire Opportunity Fund, Gen*NY*sis, the Community Capital Assistance Program, the Rebuilding the Empire State Through Opportunities in Regional Economies Program, Multi-Modal Transportation Program and the Center of Excellence Program, which may be issued by DASNY and UDC and the Jacob Javits Center Expansion and Extension that will be issued by ESDC.

 

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The projections of State borrowings for the 2007-08 fiscal year are subject to change as market conditions, interest rates and other factors vary throughout the fiscal year.

Debt Reform Act

Chapter 59 of the Laws of 2000 enacted the Debt Reform Act, which is intended to improve the State’s borrowing practices and applies to all new State-supported debt issued on or after April 1, 2000. The Debt Reform Act imposes phased-in caps on new debt outstanding and new debt service costs, limits the uses of debt to capital works and purposes only, and establishes a maximum term of 30 years on such debt.

The cap on new State-supported debt outstanding began at 0.75 percent of personal income in 2000-01 and will gradually increase until it is fully phased-in at 4 percent of personal income in 2010-11. Similarly, the cap on new State-supported debt service costs began at 0.75 percent of total governmental funds receipts in 2000-01 and will gradually increase until it is fully phased in at 5 percent in 2013-14.

The Debt Reform Act requires that the limitations on the amount of State-supported debt and debt service costs be calculated by October 31 of each year and reported in the quarterly Financial Plan Update most proximate to such date. If the calculations for new State-supported debt outstanding and debt service costs are less than the State-supported debt outstanding and debt service costs permitted under the Debt Reform Act, new State-supported debt may continue to be issued. However, if either the debt outstanding or the debt service cap is met or exceeded, the State would be precluded from contracting new State-supported debt until the next annual cap calculation is made and State-supported debt is found to be within the appropriate limitations. The prohibition on issuing new State-supported debt if the caps are met or exceeded provides a significant incentive to treat the debt caps as absolute limits that should not be reached, and therefore DOB intends to manage subsequent capital plans and issuance schedules under these limits.

Pursuant to the provisions of the Debt Reform Act, the most recent annual calculation of the limitations imposed by the Debt Reform Act was reported in the Financial Plan Update most proximate to October 31, 2006. On October 30, 2006, the State reported that it was in compliance with both debt caps, with debt issued after March 31, 2000 and outstanding at march 31, 2006 at 1.93 percent of personal income and debt service on such debt at 1.16 percent of total governmental receipts, compared to the caps of 2.65 percent for each. DOB projects that debt outstanding and debt service costs for 2007-08 and the entire five-year forecast period through 2011-12 will also be within the statutory caps, although with declining debt capacity.

Interest Rate Exchange Agreements and Net Variable Rate Obligations

Chapter 81 of the Laws of 2002 authorized issuers of State-supported debt to issue a limited amount of variable rate debt instruments and to enter into a limited amount of interest rate exchange agreements. The 2007-08 Enacted Budget increased the limit on debt instruments which result in a net variable rate exposure (e.g., both variable rate debt and interest rate exchange agreements) to no more than 20 percent of total outstanding state-supported debt, from 15 percent. It also limits the limit on interest rate exchange agreements to a total notional amount of no more than 20 percent of total outstanding State-supported debt, from 15 percent. As of March 31, 2007, State-supported debt in the amount of $42.7 billion was outstanding, resulting in a variable rate exposure cap and an interest rate exchange agreement cap of about $8.5 billion each. As of March 31, 2007, both the amount of outstanding variable rate debt instruments and interest rate exchange agreements are less than the authorized totals of 20 percent of total outstanding State-supported debt, and are projected to be below the caps for the entire forecast period through 2011-12.

As of March 31, 2007 five issuers, DASNY, UDC, HFA, LGAC and the Thruway Authority have entered into $5.97 billion of interest rate exchange agreements that are subject to the interest rate exchange agreement cap, or 14.0 percent of total debt outstanding.

 

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The interest rate exchange agreements outstanding at March 31, 2007 involve nine different counterparties. All of the interest rate exchange agreements were part of refunding transactions that resulted in fixed rates (i.e., synthetic fixed rate interest rate exchange agreements) that range between 2.86 percent and 3.66 percent—rates that were significantly lower than the fixed bond rates at the time the refunding bonds were issued. In these transactions, the State issued variable rate bonds and entered into swaps in which it receives a variable rate payment expected to approximate the costs of the variable rate bonds, and pays a fixed rate. As of March 31, 2007, the net mark-to-market value of all the outstanding swaps (the aggregate termination amount) was approximately $41 million—the total amount the State would receive from the collective authorized issuers for payments from the counterparties should all the swaps be terminated. The mark-to-market value of the outstanding interest rate exchange agreements fluctuates with interest rates and other market conditions. Generally, as interest rates rise from levels that existed in March 2007, it is expected that the counterparties would owe the State higher termination payments. The State plans to continue to monitor and manage counterparty risk on a monthly basis.

The State has also entered into approximately $917 million in swaps to create synthetic variable rate exposure, including $224 million of synthetic variable rate obligations and $693 million of forward starting synthetic variable rate obligations. In these transactions, the State issued fixed rate bonds and entered into swaps in which it receives a fixed rate comparable to the rate it pays on the bonds and pays the Bond Market Association (“BMA”) variable rate, resulting in the State paying net variable rates. The net variable rate costs the State incurred with the synthetic variable rate bonds are lower than the net costs of issuing traditional variable rate bonds because they do not require additional support costs (liquidity, insurance, broker-dealer fees, and remarketing fees). Thus, this approach can be a less costly way to achieve additional variable rate exposure. The synthetic variable rate bonds also provide the additional benefit of reducing the State’s counterparty exposure under the synthetic fixed rate bonds discussed above (as determined by an independent financial advisor), and thus, since entered into prior to April 1, 2007, are considered “excluded agreements” under the legislation and are not counted under the swaps cap. As of March 31, 2007, the net mark-to-market value of the State’s synthetic variable rate swaps is $5.4 million—the total amount the State would receive from the collective authorized issuers should all swaps be terminated. They do, however, count towards the variable rate debt instruments cap.

The interest rate exchange agreements authorized by the legislation are subject to various statutory restrictions, including minimum counterparty ratings that are at least in the two highest investment grade categories from a national rating agency, monthly reporting requirements, the adoption of guidelines by the governing boards of the authorized issuers, collateral requirements, an independent finding that swaps reflect a fair market value, and the use of standardized International Swaps and Derivatives Association documents. All of the payments made to counterparties on outstanding State-supported interest rate exchange agreements described above are subordinated to bondholder debt service payments, and the State expects that all such payments on any interest rate exchange agreements the Authorized Issuers may enter into in the future will be similarly subordinated to bondholder debt service payments.

As of March 31, 2007 the State had about $2.0 billion of outstanding variable rate debt instruments that are subject to the net variable rate exposure cap or 4.6 percent of total debt outstanding. That amount includes $1.7 billion of unhedged variable rate obligations and $224 million of synthetic variable rate obligations.

As of January 30, 2008, the State’s policy is to count 35 percent of the notional amount of outstanding 65 percent of LIBOR fixed rate swaps in its variable rate exposure. This policy reserve accounts for the potential that tax policy or market conditions could result in significant differences between payments owed on the underlying variable rate bonds and the amount received by the State under their 65 percent of LIBOR swaps, and that the factors affecting such payments can be consistent with variable rate exposure. Variable rate bonds that are related to swaps pursuant to which the State pays a fixed rate of interest are excluded from the calculation of variable rate debt instruments outstanding.

In addition to the variable rate obligations described above, as of March 31, 2007, about $2.4 billion in State-supported convertible rate bonds are outstanding. These bonds bear a fixed rate until future mandatory

 

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tender dates in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013 at which time they can convert to either a fixed or variable rate. Similar to these convertible bonds, the $693 million in forward starting synthetic variable rate obligations described above result in the State paying a fixed rate through 2014, and a variable rate between 2014 and 2030. Legislation enacted in 2005 amended the State Finance Law to clarify that convertible bonds, synthetic variable obligations and similar obligations that were issued on or before July 1, 2005 and which result in the State paying a fixed rate in a fiscal year do not count under the variable rate cap until the fiscal year in which the State may pay a variable rate.

LITIGATION

General

The legal proceedings listed below involve State finances and programs and miscellaneous civil rights, real property, contract and other tort claims in which the State is a defendant and the potential monetary claims against the State are deemed to be material, generally in excess of $100 million. These proceedings could adversely affect the State’s finances in the 2007-08 fiscal year or thereafter.

Adverse developments in these proceedings, other proceedings for which there are unanticipated, unfavorable and material judgments, or the initiation of new proceedings could affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced 2007-08 Financial Plan. The State believes that the 2007-08 Enacted Budget Financial Plan includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with the payment of judgments that may be required during the 2007-08 fiscal year. These reserves include (but are not limited to) amounts appropriated for Court of Claims payments and projected fund balances in the General Fund. In addition, any amounts ultimately required to be paid by the State may be subject to settlement or may be paid over a multi-year period. There can be no assurance, however, that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State would not exceed the amount of all potential 2007-08 Enacted Budget Financial Plan resources available for the payment of judgments, and could therefore adversely affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced 2007-08 Enacted Budget Financial Plan.

Real Property Claims

In Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. State of New York, 74-CV-187 (NDNY), the alleged successors-in-interest to the historic Oneida Indian Nation seek a declaration that they hold a current possessory interest in approximately 250,000 acres of lands that the tribe sold to the State in a series of transactions that took place beginning in 1795 and ending in 1846, and ejectment of the State and Madison and Oneida Counties from all publicly-held lands in the claim area. This case remained dormant while the Oneidas pursued an earlier action which sought limited relief relating to a single 1795 transaction and the parties engaged in intermittent, but unsuccessful, efforts to reach a settlement. In 1998, the United States filed a complaint in intervention in Oneida Indian Nation of New York. In December 1998, both the United States and the tribal plaintiffs moved for leave to amend their complaints to assert claims for 250,000 acres, including both monetary damages and ejectment, to add the State as a defendant, and to certify a class made up of all individuals who currently purport to hold title within the affected 250,000 acre area. On September 25, 2000, the District Court granted the motion to amend the complaint to the extent that it sought to add the State as a defendant and to assert money damages with respect to the 250,000 acres and denied the motion to certify a class of individual landowners and to seek the remedy of ejectment.

In a decision dated March 29, 2002, the District Court granted, in part, plaintiffs’ motion to strike the State’s defenses and counterclaims. The District Court also denied the State’s motion to dismiss for failure to join indispensable parties.

Further efforts at settlement of this action failed to reach a successful outcome. While such discussions were underway, two significant decisions were rendered by the Supreme Court and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals which changed the legal landscape pertaining to ancient land claims: City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian

 

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Nation of New York, 544 U.S. 197 (2005), and Cayuga Indian Nation of New York v. Pataki, 413 F.3d 266 (2d Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2021, 2022 (2006). Taken together, these cases have made clear that the equitable doctrines of laches, acquiescence, and impossibility can bar ancient land claims. These decisions prompted the District Court to reassess its 2002 decision, which in part had struck such defenses, and to permit the filing of a motion for summary judgment predicated on the Sherrill and Cayuga holdings. On August 11, 2006, the defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the action, based on the defenses of laches, acquiescence, and impossibility. By order dated May 21, 2007, the District Court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims to the extent that they asserted a possessory interest, but permitted plaintiffs to pursue a claim seeking the difference between the amount paid and the fair market value of the lands at the time of the transaction. The District Court certified the May 21, 2007 order for interlocutory appeal and, on July 13, 2007, the Second Circuit granted motions by both sides seeking leave to pursue interlocutory appeals of that order.

Other Indian land claims include Cayuga Indian Nation of New York v. Cuomo, et al., and Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians, et al., v. State of New York, et al., both in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York and The Onondaga Nation v. The State of New York, et al.

In the Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians case, plaintiffs seek ejectment and monetary damages with respect to their claim that approximately 15,000 acres in Franklin and St. Lawrence Counties were illegally transferred from their predecessors-in-interest. By decision dated July 28, 2003, the District Court granted, in most respects, a motion by plaintiffs to strike defenses and dismiss counterclaims contained in defendants’ answers. By decision dated October 20, 2003, the District Court denied the State’s motion for reconsideration of that portion of the July 28, 2003 decision which struck a counterclaim against the United States for contribution. On February 10, 2006, after renewed efforts at settlement failed to resolve this action, and recognizing the potential significance of the Sherrill and Cayuga appeals, the District Court stayed all further proceedings in this case until 45 days after the United States Supreme Court issued a final decision in the Cayuga Indian Nation of New York Case. On November 6, 2006, after certiorari was denied in Cayuga, the defendants moved for judgment on the pleadings.

In The Onondaga Nation v. The State of New York, et al., plaintiff seeks a judgment declaring that certain lands allegedly constituting the aboriginal territory of the Onondaga Nation within the State are the property of the Onondaga Nation and the Haudenosaunee, or “Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy,” and that conveyances of portions of that land pursuant to treaties during the period 1788 to 1822 are null and void. The “aboriginal territory” described in the complaint consists of an area or strip of land running generally north and south from the St. Lawrence River in the north, along the east side of Lake Ontario, and south as far as the Pennsylvania border, varying in width from about 10 miles to more than 40 miles, including the area constituting the City of Syracuse. On August 15, 2006, based on Sherrill and Cayuga, the defendants moved for an order dismissing this action, based on laches.

West Valley Litigation

In State of New York, et al. v. The United States of America, et al., 06-CV-810 (WDNY), the State and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority have filed suit seeking (1) a declaration that defendants are liable under CERCLA for the State’s response costs and for damages to the State’s natural resources resulting from releases from the site in Cattaraugus County, New York, and a judgment reimbursing the State for these costs and damages, (2) a declaration of defendants’ responsibilities under the West Valley Demonstration Project Act to decontaminate and decommission the site and for future site monitoring and maintenance, and (3) a declaration that the defendants are responsible for paying the fees for disposal of solidified high level radioactive waste at the West Valley site. The parties have agreed to stay the litigation and submit the issues in (1) and (2) to non-binding arbitration and early neutral evaluation. As of February 15, 2008, the parties are engaged in mediation.

* * * * *

 

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RATING AGENCIES’ ACTIONS

Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch rated the State’s general obligation bonds AA, Aa3 and AA-, respectively, as of February 25, 2008. Each such rating reflects only the views of the respective rating agency, and an explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from such rating agency. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely by such rating agency. Any such downward revision or withdrawal of a rating could have adverse effects on the market price of the State’s municipal obligations.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

New York municipal obligations may also include obligations of the governments of Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories and their political subdivisions to the extent that these obligations are exempt from New York state personal income taxes. Accordingly, investments in such securities may be adversely affected by local political and economic conditions and developments within Puerto Rico and certain other U.S. territories affecting the issuers of such obligations.

 

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APPENDIX D

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING PUERTO RICO MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS

The following information is a summary of special factors affecting investments in Puerto Rico municipal obligations. The sources of payment for such obligations and the marketability thereof may be affected by financial or other difficulties experienced by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (“Puerto Rico” or the “Commonwealth”) and certain of its municipalities and public authorities. This information does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to offerings of Puerto Rico issuers. Any estimates of future results and other projections are statements of opinion based on available information at the time made and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially. None of the funds has independently verified, and the funds are not responsible for, the accuracy or timeliness of this information, and such information is included herein without the express authority of any Puerto Rico issuer.

OVERVIEW

Puerto Rico is located approximately 1,600 miles southeast of New York City. According to the United States Census Bureau, its population was 3,927,776 as of July 1, 2006. Puerto Rico’s political status is that of a commonwealth. The United States and the Commonwealth share a common defense, market and currency. The Commonwealth exercises virtually the same control over its internal affairs as do the fifty states. It differs from the states, however, in its relationship with the federal government. The people of Puerto Rico are citizens of the United States but do not vote in national elections. They are represented in Congress by a Resident Commissioner who has a voice in the House of Representatives but no vote. Most federal taxes, except those such as Social Security taxes, which are imposed by mutual consent, are not levied in Puerto Rico. No federal income tax is collected from Puerto Rico residents on income earned in Puerto Rico, except for certain federal employees who are subject to taxes on their salaries. The official languages of Puerto Rico are Spanish and English.

The Constitution of Puerto Rico limits the amount of general obligation debt that the Commonwealth can issue or guarantee. The Commonwealth’s policy has been and continues to be to maintain the level of such debt within a prudent range below the constitutional limitation.

ECONOMY

General

The Commonwealth has established policies and programs directed principally at developing the manufacturing and services sectors of the economy and expanding and modernizing the Commonwealth’s infrastructure. Domestic and foreign investments have been stimulated by selective tax exemptions, development loans, and other financial and tax incentives. Infrastructure expansion and modernization have been to a large extent financed by bonds and notes issued by the Commonwealth, its public corporations, and municipalities. Economic progress has been aided by significant increases in the levels of education and occupational skills of the population.

Puerto Rico has enjoyed more than two decades of almost continuous economic expansion. Virtually every sector of the economy has participated in this expansion, and record levels of employment have been achieved. Factors contributing to this expansion include government-sponsored economic development programs, increases in the level of federal transfer payments, and the relatively low cost of borrowing. In some years, these factors were aided by a significant rise in construction investment driven by infrastructure projects, private investment,

 

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primarily in housing, and relatively low oil prices. In the three fiscal years after the previous recession, during fiscal year 2002, the economy expanded at a moderate annual rate of 2.2%. During fiscal year 2006, real gross national product increased only 0.7% and more recently, several key economic figures have begun to indicate a contraction of economic activity. For fiscal year 2007, the Planning Board’s March 2007 projection forecasted a real gross national product decline of 1.4% followed by slight real growth of 0.8% for fiscal year 2008.

Personal income, both aggregate and per capita, has increased consistently each fiscal year from 1985 to 2006. In fiscal year 2006, aggregate personal income was $50.9 billion ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices) and personal income per capita was $12,997 ($11,218 in 2000 prices). Personal income includes transfer payments to individuals in Puerto Rico under various social programs. Total federal payments to Puerto Rico, which amount to around $15 billion annually and include transfers to local government entities and expenditures of federal agencies in Puerto Rico, in addition to federal transfer payments to individuals, are lower on a per capita basis in Puerto Rico than in any state of the United States. Contrary to the popular perception that a significant amount of federal transfers to individuals constitutes grants, 80% of the transfer payments to individuals in fiscal year 2006 ($8.0 billion), represented entitlements for previously performed services or resulting from contributions to programs such as Social Security, Veterans’ Benefits, Medicare, and U.S. Civil Service retirement pensions. Grants represent the remainder of the federal transfers to individuals, mostly concentrated in the Nutritional Assistance Program (Food Stamps) and Pell Grant (higher education) Scholarships.

Total average annual employment (as measured by the Department of Labor and Human Resources Household Employment Survey (the “Household Survey”)) has also increased. From fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2007, annual employment increased 6.3% to 1,262,900.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of production and income are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

The dominant sectors of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of production and income are manufacturing and services. The manufacturing sector has undergone fundamental changes over the years as a result of increased emphasis on higher wage, high technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers, microprocessors, professional and scientific instruments, and certain high technology machinery and equipment. The services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and tourism, also plays a major role in the economy. It ranks second only to manufacturing in contribution to the gross domestic product and leads all sectors in providing employment.

The economy of Puerto Rico is closely linked to the United States economy, as most of the external factors that affect the Puerto Rico economy (other than the price of oil) are determined by the policies and performance of the economy of the United States. These external factors include exports, direct investment, the amount of federal transfer payments, the level of interest rates, the rate of inflation, and tourist expenditures. During fiscal year 2006 (from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006), approximately 83% of Puerto Rico’s exports went to the United States mainland, which was also the source of approximately 51% of Puerto Rico’s imports. Consequently, the recession in the United States in 2001 and the subsequent recovery were also reflected in the Puerto Rico economy, although to a lesser degree.

Forecast for Fiscal Year 2007

The Puerto Rico Planning Board’s (the “Planning Board”) real gross national product forecast for fiscal year 2007, which was released in March 2007, projected a decline of 1.4%, or 2.0% in then-current dollars. Personal income was also expected to decline by 1.2%, or 3.1% in then-current dollars. As of March 2007, the Planning

 

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Board expected real growth to return in fiscal year 2008, albeit at only 0.8%, or 5.1% in then-current dollars. As of July 2007, the major factors affecting the economy included, among others, the relatively high oil prices, the slowdown of the U.S. economic activity and the continuing economic uncertainty generated by the Commonwealth’s fiscal crisis, and the effects on economic activity of the implementation of the new sales tax. The Planning Board expects that consumers will take a while to adjust their behavior to this new system.

According to the Department of Labor and Human Resources Household Employment Survey (the “Household Survey”), total employment for fiscal year 2007 averaged 1,262,900, an increase of 0.8% compared to 1,253,400 for fiscal year 2006. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2007 was 10.4%, a decrease from 11.7% for fiscal year 2006.

Fiscal Year 2006

The Planning Board’s preliminary reports on the performance of the Puerto Rico economy for fiscal year 2006 indicate that real gross national product increased 0.7% (5.8% in then-current dollars) over fiscal year 2005. Nominal gross national product was $56.7 billion in fiscal year 2006 ($45.1 billion in 2000 prices), compared to $53.6 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($44.8 billion in 2000 prices). Aggregate personal income increased from $48.3 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($43.6 billion in 2000 prices) to $50.9 billion in fiscal year 2006 ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices), and personal income per capita increased from $12,365 in fiscal year 2005 ($11,179 in 2000 prices), to $12,997 in fiscal year 2006 ($11,218 in 2000 prices).

According to the Household Survey, total employment for fiscal year 2006 averaged 1,253,400, an increase of 1.3% compared to 1,237,600 for fiscal year 2005. The driving force behind total employment is self-employment. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2006 was 11.7%, an increase from 10.6% for fiscal year 2005, due to the partial government shutdown in May 2006 that resulted in the two week furlough of many government employees. As in the past, the economy of Puerto Rico followed the general performance and trends of the United States economy, although at a lower rate of growth.

Among the variables contributing to the Planning Board’s downward revision in the forecast were the effect of persistent high levels of oil prices, the upward trend in short-term interest rates, the depreciation of the dollar (which affects the value of imports from foreign countries, accounting for approximately 50% of total imports to Puerto Rico), and the deceleration of public investment due to the Commonwealth’s budget deficit (which served, together with other factors, to reduce activity in construction and other sectors). The persistent high level of the price of oil and its derivatives (such as gasoline) has served to reduce the income available for other purchases and, thereby, negatively affected domestic demand. Due to the Commonwealth’s dependence on oil for power generation and gasoline, in spite of its recent improvements in power production diversification, the high level of oil prices is expected to account for an increased outflow of approximately $2 billion in fiscal year 2006. The upward trend in short-term interest rates has also directly affected construction activity, which has been a major contributor to economic growth in recent years, and accentuated the fiscal difficulties of the Commonwealth’s government with respect to the fiscal year 2006 budget deficit.

Fiscal Year 2005

The Planning Board’s reports of the performance of the Puerto Rico economy during fiscal year 2005 indicate that the economy (as registered by real gross national product) grew by 1.9%. Nominal gross national product was $53.6 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($44.8 billion in 2000 prices), compared to $50.7 billion in fiscal year 2004 ($44.0 billion in 2000 prices). This represents an increase in nominal gross national product of 5.7%. Aggregate personal income increased from $45.6 billion in fiscal year 2004 ($42.5 billion in 2000 prices) to $48.3 billion in fiscal year 2005 ($43.6 billion in 2000 prices), and personal income per capita increased from $11,724 in fiscal year 2004 ($10,936 in 2000 prices), to $12,365 in fiscal year 2005 ($11,179 in 2000 prices).

According to the Household Survey, total employment for fiscal year 2005 averaged 1,237,600, an increase of 2.7% compared to 1,205,600 for fiscal year 2004. The unemployment rate for fiscal year 2005 was 10.6%, a decrease from 11.4% for fiscal year 2004.

 

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Economic Development Program

The Commonwealth’s economic development program is now focused on initiatives aimed at producing more diversified and sustainable economic development. The six principal elements of these initiatives, as expressed in the Governor’s Economic Development and Government Transformation Plan for Puerto Rico, are the following: (i) developing world-class infrastructure, while encouraging private investment with innovative financial models and agile, effective evaluation processes; (ii) accelerating Puerto Rico’s entry into the knowledge economy by creating a center of excellence in biotechnology, engineering and computing; (iii) promoting local enterprise and supporting local businesses by providing innovative financing alternatives and access to domestic and foreign markets; (iv) transforming the tourist industry into a vehicle for Puerto Rico’s economic development; (v) diversifying energy-generating sources to reduce dependence on petroleum by half; and (vi) transforming Puerto Rico’s government, without the need for layoffs or privatization, through effective agency consolidation and decentralization functions to offer first-class services to all citizens in a sensible, effective and agile manner and to contribute to Puerto Rico’s socio-economic development.

Puerto Rico Tax Incentives

One of the benefits enjoyed by the Commonwealth is that corporations operating in Puerto Rico (other than corporations organized in the United States with a local branch) and individuals residing in Puerto Rico generally are not subject to federal income taxes on income derived in Puerto Rico. This enables the Commonwealth to utilize local tax legislation as a tool for stimulating economic development.

In this regard, the Commonwealth enacted legislation extending certain benefits of its most recent tax incentives law, Act No. 135 of December 2, 1997, as amended (the “1998 Tax Incentives Act”), to all eligible businesses operating under previous tax incentives laws. These benefits include a 200% deduction for research and development expenses and worker training expenses, the ability to deduct as a current expense investments in machinery and equipment, and the ability to claim a tax credit equal to 25% of the purchase price of a product manufactured in the Commonwealth (in excess of a base amount) or 35% of the purchase price of a locally-manufactured, recycled product.

The tax incentives under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act were available until December 31, 2007 (although tax incentive concessions granted thereunder will continue to be in effect until their respective dates of expiration). As of July 2007, the Puerto Rico Legislature was considering whether to amend, replace or extend the effectiveness of the 1998 Tax Incentives Act.

Reduction of the Costs of Doing Business

The Commonwealth believes that to make Puerto Rico more competitive and foster investment it needs to reduce the cost of doing business in Puerto Rico. In order to accomplish this, the Commonwealth proposes to (i) promote the creation of more cogeneration power plants to diversify energy fuel sources and reduce oil imports for electric power generation; (ii) streamline the permitting process to accelerate and reduce the cost of investment in Puerto Rico; and (iii) create a multi-agency task force to expedite critical projects. The Commonwealth has also implemented additional initiatives to restructure certain government agencies in order to improve the services offered by these agencies and provide such services in a more efficient manner.

Federal Tax Incentives

In connection with the phase-out of Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “U.S. Code”), the United States Senate requested the Joint Commission on Taxation (“JCT”) and the United States Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) to study the economic impact of this phase-out and present recommendations on alternative tax incentives for U.S.-based companies operating in Puerto Rico. In anticipation of the final phase-out of Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code, most U.S.-based companies operating under Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code have converted from United States corporations to Controlled Foreign Corporations (“CFCs”), thus lessening the impact of the phase-out of those sections on their operations.

 

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In May 2006, the GAO published its study titled “Fiscal Relations with the Federal Government and Economic Trends during the phase-out of the Possessions Tax Credit.” The GAO study found that Puerto Rico’s per capita gross domestic product and gross national product were significantly lower compared to United States averages, and the absolute gap between the per capita gross national product of Puerto Rico residents and that of United States residents has increased. The GAO study further found that, although the value-added by United States companies claiming the possessions tax credit decreased by about two-thirds during the period 1993-2003, much of the decline was offset by growth in other corporations, such as pharmaceuticals. Finally, the GAO study determined that although residents of Puerto Rico pay considerably less total tax per capita than residents of the United States, they pay approximately the same percentage of their personal income in taxes. The GAO study, which is informative in nature, is intended to help the United States Congress decide which economic development initiatives will best suit Puerto Rico’s current situation.

In June 2006, the JCT published its pamphlet titled “An Overview of the Special Tax Rules related to Puerto Rico and an Analysis of the Tax and Economic Policy Implications of Recent Legislative Options” (the “JCT Report”). The JCT Report provides an overview of the tax and non-tax rules applicable to United States possessions, the special tax rules applicable to Puerto Rico and an economic analysis of such special tax rules. The JCT Report also presents certain legislative options and specific proposals that have been advocated by various parties in order to stimulate economic growth in Puerto Rico. Although these legislative options and specific proposals are not recommendations, the JCT Report does state that federal and Commonwealth tax policy must be coordinated in order to design and implement new tax proposals aimed at enhancing development in Puerto Rico by targeting problems unique to Puerto Rico, instead of problems common to the United States and Puerto Rico, which proposals are likely to induce business to relocate from the United States to Puerto Rico.

As of July 2007, the United States Congress had recently approved legislation that extends to production activities that take place in Puerto Rico the benefit of section 199 of the U.S. Code, which provides a nine percent reduction in the federal income tax rate, phased-in over five years (from 35% to 31.85% after 2009). This extension applies to activities occurring on the island of branches of U.S. corporations that are not CFCs. The Commonwealth is also seeking the extension of additional sections of the U.S. Code that provide a dividends received deduction for a percentage of profits generated in Puerto Rico by CFCs, as well as deductions that would encourage investments in research and development activities.

Employment and Unemployment

The number of persons employed in Puerto Rico during fiscal year 2007 averaged 1,262,900, a 0.8% increase from 1,253,400 in fiscal year 2006. Unemployment, although at relatively low historical levels, is about twice the United States average. The average unemployment rate decreased from 11.7% in fiscal year 2006 to 10.4% in fiscal year 2007. The number of self-employed individuals represents around 17% of civilian employment in Puerto Rico, more than double the level in the United States.

Economic Performance by Sector

From fiscal year 2002 to fiscal year 2006, the manufacturing and services sectors generated the largest portion of gross domestic product. The three sectors of the economy that provide the most employment are manufacturing, services and government.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the largest sector of the Puerto Rico economy in terms of gross domestic product. The Planning Board estimates that in fiscal year 2006 manufacturing generated $36.6 billion, or 42.3%, of gross domestic product. During fiscal year 2007, payroll employment for the manufacturing sector was 105,808, a decrease of 6.2% compared with fiscal year 2006, with most of the job losses occurring in labor-intensive industries. Most of the island’s manufacturing output is shipped to the United States mainland, which is also the principal source of semi-finished manufactured articles on which further manufacturing operations are performed

 

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in Puerto Rico. The United States minimum wage laws are applicable in Puerto Rico. As of June 2007, the average hourly manufacturing wage rate in Puerto Rico was 68.1% of the average mainland United States rate.

Total employment in the manufacturing sector decreased by 12,947 from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2007. Manufacturing employment had been declining during the past decade, but the decline accelerated during fiscal years 2002 and 2003, falling 10.6% and 4.8%, respectively. After that, manufacturing employment seemed to stabilize around 118,000 jobs, but the deceleration reappeared in fiscal year 2006 with the sector experiencing another significant drop of 3.8%. For fiscal year 2007 the manufacturing employment decline accelerated further to -6.2%. Between July 2006 and July 2007, the economy lost around 7,050 jobs in the manufacturing sector. There are several reasons which explain this sector’s job shrinkage: the end of the phase-out of Section 936 of the U.S. Code, which had provided federal tax incentives to corporations operating in Puerto Rico; the net loss of patents on certain pharmaceutical products; the escalation of manufacturing production costs (particularly labor and electricity); and the increased use of job outsourcing. Puerto Rico’s manufacturing sector is facing increased international competition, and new ideas and initiatives are believed to be necessary to improve this sector.

Services

Puerto Rico has experienced significant growth in the services sector, which includes finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, tourism and other services, in terms of both income and employment over the past decade, showing a favorable trend as compared with certain other industrialized economies. During the period between fiscal years 2002 and 2006, the gross domestic product in this sector, in nominal terms, increased at an average annual rate of 4.5%, while payroll employment in this sector increased at an average annual rate of 2.5%. In the Puerto Rico labor market, self-employment, which is not accounted for in the Payroll Survey, represents approximately 17% of total employment according to the Household Survey. Most of the self-employment is concentrated in the service and construction sectors. For example, in fiscal year 2006, the number of self-employed individuals was 182,914, out of which 46.8% were in the services sector and 15.1% were in the construction sector. The development of the services sector has been positively affected by demand generated by other sectors of the economy, such as manufacturing, construction and agriculture. The services sector in Puerto Rico has a diversified base.

According to the Establishment Survey, for the first six months of fiscal year 2007 the net employment gain for this sector was 2,200 jobs, compared to the same period in the previous year. Service, finance, insurance and real estate employment added 6,800 jobs, while trade lost 4,600 jobs, for a net growth rate of 1%. The high degree of knowledge, skill and expertise in professional and technical services available in Puerto Rico places the island in a favorable competitive position with respect to Latin America and other trading countries throughout the world.

The services sector ranks second to manufacturing in its contribution to gross domestic product, and it is the sector with the greatest employment. In fiscal year 2006, services generated $33.6 billion of gross domestic product, or 38.9% of the total. Services employment grew from 523,691 in fiscal year 2003 to 562,949 in fiscal year 2007 (representing 54.5% of total non-farm payroll employment). This represents a cumulative increase of 7.5% during such period. Wholesale and retail trade, finance, insurance and real estate experienced significant growth in fiscal years 2002 to 2006, as measured by gross domestic product. From fiscal year 2002 to 2006, gross domestic product increased in wholesale and retail trade from $8.6 billion to $10.7 billion, and in finance, insurance and real estate from $11.2 billion to $14.7 billion. There are sixteen commercial banks and trust companies operating in Puerto Rico as of July 2007. Total assets of these institutions as of March 31, 2007 were $119.6 billion. As of March 31, 2007, there were approximately thirty-five international banking entities operating in Puerto Rico licensed to conduct offshore banking transactions with total assets of $78.5 billion.

Hotels and Related Services—Tourism

During fiscal year 2006, the number of persons registered in tourist hotels, including residents of Puerto Rico and tourists staying in more than one hotel during their visit, was 1,913,400, an increase of 3.4% over the

 

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number of persons registered during the same period in fiscal year 2005. The number of non-resident tourists registered in tourist hotels during fiscal year 2006 increased 4.6% compared to fiscal year 2005. Hotel rooms available during fiscal year 2006 increased 3.9% compared to fiscal year 2005. The average number of rooms rented in tourist hotels increased 3.9% during fiscal year 2006 compared to fiscal year 2005. The average occupancy rate in tourist hotels during fiscal years 2005 and 2006 was 70.8%.

During the first nine months of fiscal year 2007, the number of persons registered in tourist hotels, including residents of Puerto Rico and tourists staying in more than one hotel during their visit, was 1,331,700, a decrease of 6.6% over the number of persons registered during the same period in fiscal year 2006. The average occupancy rate in tourist hotels during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 was 70.9%, compared to 70.1% during the same period in fiscal year 2006. The average number of rooms rented in tourist hotels decreased 6.0% during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 compared with the same period during fiscal year 2006. The average number of rooms available in tourist hotels decreased 7.2% during the first nine months of fiscal year 2007 compared to the same period in fiscal year 2006 as the completion of regular maintenance and rehabilitation of rooms (that normally results in a certain number of rooms being unavailable at any time) was taking longer to complete than in prior years.

San Juan is the largest homeport for cruise ships in the Caribbean and one of the largest homeports for cruise ships in the world.

The Commonwealth, through the Convention Center District Authority, has completed the development of the largest convention center in the Caribbean, and the centerpiece of a 100-acre, private development, to include hotels, restaurants, cinemas, office space and housing. The convention center district is being developed at a total cost of $1.3 billion in an effort to improve Puerto Rico’s competitive position in the convention and group travel segments. The convention center opened on November 17, 2005.

Government

The government sector of Puerto Rico plays an important role in the economy. In fiscal year 2006, the government accounted for $8.4 billion of Puerto Rico’s gross domestic product, or 9.7% of the total. The government is also a significant employer, providing jobs for 297,450 workers, or 28.8% of total non-farm payroll employment in fiscal year 2006. This total includes municipal employees. As of March 31, 2007, central government employment had been reduced by approximately 13,700 positions since September 2004.

On February 25, 1998, legislation was enacted permitting the unionization of employees of the central government (excluding municipal employees). Under this law, government employees are given collective bargaining rights subject to a number of limitations. Among those limitations are: employees are prohibited from striking; salary increases are contingent on the availability of budgeted revenues; employees cannot be required to become union members and pay union dues; and collective bargaining negotiations cannot occur in an election year. During fiscal year 2006, the Commonwealth and its instrumentalities began to negotiate the economic and non-economic terms of at least forty collective bargaining agreements. The results of these negotiations could have a material impact on the General Fund.

Transportation

Thirty-four shipping lines offer regular ocean freight service to eighty United States and foreign ports. San Juan is the island’s leading seaport, but there are also seaport facilities at other locations in Puerto Rico including Arecibo, Culebra, Fajardo, Guayama, Guayanilla, Mayagüez, Ponce, Vieques, and Yabucoa.

As of July 2007, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is served by 25 United States and international airlines. As of July 2007, there is daily direct service between San Juan and Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and numerous other destinations within the United States. There is also regularly scheduled service between Aguadilla and Ponce and New York and between Puerto Rico and other

 

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Caribbean islands and certain Latin American and European cities. A major United States airline uses San Juan as a hub for its intra-Caribbean airline service. Several smaller airports serve intra-island traffic.

The island’s major cities are connected by a modern highway system, which, as of December 31, 2006, totaled approximately 4,621 miles. The highway system comprises 391 miles of primary system highways, which are the more important interregional traffic routes and include PR-52, PR-22, PR-53 and PR-20 toll highways, 230 miles of primary urban system highways, 959 miles of secondary system highways serving the needs of intra-regional traffic and 3,041 miles of tertiary highways and roads serving local, intra-regional traffic.

The first phase of a new mass transit system, known as Tren Urbano, has been completed. Tren Urbano serves a portion of metropolitan San Juan and is expected eventually to serve the municipalities of Carolina and Caguas as well. As of July 2007 it has ridership of about 33,000 per day.

The Port of the Americas Authority (“PAA”) is responsible for the development and operation of the Port of the Americas, a deep draft port on the south coast of Puerto Rico. The first phase of the Port of the Americas was completed in fiscal year 2004. This initial phase included the improvement of piers 4, 5 and 6 of the Port and the acquisition of heavy equipment at a cost of $40 million. During calendar year 2005, the PAA began the second phase of the Port, which phase was expected, as of July 1, 2007, to be completed by the end of calendar year 2007. Completion of this second phase will provide capacity to handle up to 250,000 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (“TEU”). This second phase includes (i) dredging the entrance channel and adjacent areas of the Port to a depth of 50 feet; (ii) reconstructing the container terminals; (iii) commencing certain required environmental risk mitigation procedures; and (iv) preparing final construction schematics. With respect to these tasks, dredging is 60% complete, the final design contract has been awarded, acquisition of environmental risk mitigation land is underway, and the contract for reconstruction of the container terminal was awarded in April 2006. The Port is expected to be capable of providing capacity for up to 700,000 TEUs when the third phase is completed.

As of May 31, 2007, PAA had an outstanding balance of $86.3 million under various lines of credit from the Government Development Bank (the “GDB”). PAA is authorized to borrow up to $250 million under these lines of credit. This debt is payable from annual legislative appropriations until the PAA starts generating revenues sufficient to cover debt service and is also guaranteed by the Commonwealth. Partial operation of the Port of the Americas, at a capacity of up to 250,000 TEUs per year, could begin as early as 2008.

Construction

Although the construction industry represents a relatively small segment of the economy compared to other sectors, it has made significant contributions to the growth of economic activity. During the period from fiscal year 2002 through fiscal year 2006, however, real construction investment decreased 1.1%. This decline was small compared to the high level of construction activity in prior fiscal years. The total value of construction permits increased 2.5% during the same five fiscal year period.

Total construction investment for fiscal year 2006 decreased (in real terms) by 5.8% (following a 7% real decline in fiscal year 2005) due principally to the drop in construction related public projects. For fiscal years 2007 and 2008, the Planning Board has forecasted further construction investment decreases (in real terms) of 3.5% and 3.4%, respectively. Public investment is expected to be primarily in housing, new schools (and school reconstruction programs), water projects, and other public infrastructure projects. Public investment in construction, however, has been negatively affected by the Commonwealth’s fiscal difficulties.

During the first eleven months of fiscal year 2007, the number and the total value of construction permits decreased 11.8% and 20.2%, respectively, compared to the same period in fiscal year 2006.

Agriculture

The Department of Agriculture and related agencies have directed their efforts at increasing and improving local agricultural production, increasing efficiency and the quality of produce, and stimulating the consumption

 

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of locally produced agricultural products. During fiscal year 2006, gross income from agriculture was $805.6 million, an increase of 1.5% compared with fiscal year 2005. Agriculture gross income consists of the total value of production in the principal agricultural sectors, which include traditional crops, livestock and poultry, grains, vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants and other products. During fiscal year 2006, starchy vegetables, coffee, poultry, fruits and ornamental plants contributed a higher percentage of the sector’s income than in the previous fiscal year.

The Commonwealth supports agricultural activities through incentives, subsidies, and technical and support services, in addition to income tax exemptions for qualified income derived by bona fide farmers. Act No. 225 of 1995 provides a 90% income tax exemption for income derived from agricultural operations, an investment tax credit equal to 50% of the investment in qualified agricultural projects, and a 100% exemption from excise taxes, real and personal property taxes, municipal license taxes and tariff payments. It also provides full income tax exemption for interest income from bonds, notes and other debt instruments issued by financial institutions to provide financing to agricultural businesses. Subsequent legislation imposed an aggregate annual limit of $15 million on the investment tax credits available under Act No. 225.

Policy changes have been implemented to promote employment and income generated by the agricultural sector. The policy initiatives include a restructuring of the Department of Agriculture, an increase in government purchases of local agricultural products, new programs geared towards increasing the production and sales of agricultural products, and a new system of agricultural credits and subsidies for new projects.

Higher Education

During the five decades from 1950 to 2000, Puerto Rico made significant advances in the field of education, particularly at the college and graduate school level. The transformation of Puerto Rico during the 1950s and 1960s from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy brought about an increased demand for educational services at all levels. During the 1970s and 1980s, certain higher wage, higher technology industries became more prominent in Puerto Rico. More recently, employment in the services sector has increased significantly. This has resulted in an increased demand for workers having a higher level of education and greater expertise in various technical fields. During the same time period, enrollments in institutions of higher learning rose very rapidly due to growth in the college-age population, and the increasing proportion of college attendance by such population. During the 1990s and into the current decade, college attendance and college attendance as a percentage of the college-age population continued to increase, and the college-age population has declined since 2000.

The University of Puerto Rico, the only public university in Puerto Rico, has eleven campuses located throughout the island. The University’s total enrollment for academic year 2006-2007 was approximately 62,340 students. The Commonwealth is legally bound to appropriate annually for the University of Puerto Rico an amount equal to 9.60% of the average annual revenue from internal sources for each of the two fiscal years immediately preceding the current fiscal year.

In addition to the University of Puerto Rico, there are 40 public and private institutions of higher education located in Puerto Rico. Such institutions had an enrollment during academic year 2005-2006 of approximately 145,574 students and provide programs of study in liberal arts, education, business, natural sciences, technology, secretarial and computer sciences, nursing, medicine, and law. Degrees are offered by these institutions at the associate, bachelor, master, and doctoral levels.

Tax Incentives

One factor that has promoted and continues to promote the development of the manufacturing sector in Puerto Rico is the various local and federal tax incentives available, particularly those under Puerto Rico’s Industrial Incentives Program and, until recently, Sections 30A and 936 of the U.S. Code. Tax and other incentives have also been established to promote the development of the tourism industry. These incentives are summarized below.

 

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Industrial Incentives Program

Since 1948, Puerto Rico has had various industrial incentives laws designed to stimulate industrial investment in the island. Under these laws, which are designed to promote investment in Puerto Rico, companies engaged in manufacturing and certain other designated activities were eligible to receive full or partial exemption from income, property, and other local taxes. The most recent of these industrial incentives laws is the 1998 Tax Incentives Act.

The benefits provided by the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are available to new companies as well as companies currently conducting tax-exempt operations in Puerto Rico that choose to renegotiate their existing tax exemption grant, expand current operations or commence operating a new eligible business. The activities eligible for tax exemption include manufacturing, certain designated services performed for markets outside Puerto Rico (including the United States), the production of energy from local renewable sources for consumption in Puerto Rico and laboratories for research and development. Companies qualifying thereunder can benefit from income tax rates ranging from 2% to 7% for periods ranging from 10 to 25 years. In addition, the 1998 Tax Incentives Act grants 90% exemption from property taxes, 100% exemption from municipal license taxes during the first three semesters of operations and between 60% and 80% thereafter, and 100% exemption from excise taxes with respect to the acquisition of raw materials and certain machinery and equipment used in the exempt activities. The 1998 Tax Incentives Act also provides various special deductions designed to stimulate employment and productivity, research and development and capital investment in Puerto Rico.

Under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act, core pioneer industries that employ innovative technologies in their operations, including high technology industries with activities that produce a significant economic impact, can be eligible for income tax rates below 2%. Eligible manufacturing industries may also qualify for certain payroll and training deductions, building and construction expense deductions, a 25% credit for purchases of products manufactured in Puerto Rico, and a 35% credit for purchases of locally recycled products and products manufactured with locally recycled materials.

The 1998 Tax Incentives Act also provides investors who acquire an exempted business that is in the process of closing its operations in Puerto Rico a 50% credit in connection with the cash purchase of such corporation’s stocks or assets. Also, exempted businesses that produce high technology products may be eligible for a credit equal to the amount in excess of $100 million of the annual taxes retained on the payment of rights, rents, royalties and licenses related to the production of such goods. Finally, call centers servicing markets outside Puerto Rico are exempt from paying excise taxes on the purchase of equipment needed for the operation of such call centers.

Tourism Incentives Program

For many years, Puerto Rico has also had incentives laws designed to stimulate investment in hotel operations on the island. The most recent of these laws, the Tourism Incentives Act of 1993 (the “Tourism Incentives Act”), provides partial exemptions from income, property, and municipal license taxes for a period of up to ten years. The Tourism Incentives Act also provides certain tax credits for qualifying investments in tourism activities, including hotel and condo-hotel development projects. Recently enacted legislation provides further tourism incentives by granting certain tax exemptions on interest income received from permanent or interim financing of tourism development projects and fees derived from credit enhancements provided to the financing of such projects.

Incentives under the U.S. Code

United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico have been subject to special tax provisions since the Revenue Act of 1921. Prior to enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, under Section 931 of the U.S. Code, United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico (and meeting certain source of income tests) were taxed only on income arising from sources within the United States.

 

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The Tax Reform Act of 1976 created Section 936 of the U.S. Code, which revised the tax treatment of United States corporations operating in Puerto Rico by taxing such corporations on their worldwide income in a manner similar to that applicable to any other United States corporation but providing such corporations a full credit for the federal tax on their business and qualified investment income in Puerto Rico. The credit provided an effective 100% federal tax exemption for operating and qualifying investment income from Puerto Rico sources.

As a result of amendments to Section 936 of the U.S. Code made in 1996 (the “1996 Amendments”), its income tax credit based on operating and certain investment income was phased out over a ten-year period for companies that were operating in Puerto Rico in 1995, and is no longer available.

Controlled Foreign Corporations

Because of the modification and phase out of the federal tax incentives under Section 936 of the U.S. Code, many corporations previously operating thereunder reorganized their operations in Puerto Rico to become controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”). A CFC is a corporation that is organized outside the United States and is controlled by United States shareholders. In general, a CFC may defer the payment of federal income taxes on its trade or business income until such income is repatriated to the United States in the form of dividends or through investments in certain United States properties. The Puerto Rico Office of Industrial Tax Exemption has received notification from numerous corporations that have converted part or all of their operations to CFCs. These include most of the major pharmaceutical, instrument and electronics manufacturing companies in Puerto Rico. Section 936 Corporations were exempted from Puerto Rico withholding taxes on any cost sharing payments they might have opted to make, but CFCs are subject to a fifteen percent Puerto Rico withholding tax on royalty payments.

Recently, the United States Congress approved legislation that would extend the benefit of Section 199 of the U.S. Code to production activities that take place in Puerto Rico. Section 199 provides a three-point reduction in the federal income tax rate, phased in over five years (from 35% to 31.85% after 2009). This extension applies to the U.S. branch activities located on the island and are not controlled foreign corporations.

DEBT

Public Sector Debt

Public sector debt comprises bonds and notes of the Commonwealth, its municipalities, and public corporations (“notes” as used in this section refers to certain types of non-bonded debt regardless of maturity), subject to the exclusions described below.

Section 2 of Article VI of the Constitution of the Commonwealth provides that direct obligations of the Commonwealth evidenced by full faith and credit bonds or notes shall not be issued if the amount of the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes and on all such bonds and notes theretofore issued which is payable in any fiscal year, together with any amount paid by the Commonwealth in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year of such proposed issuance on account of bonds or notes guaranteed by the Commonwealth, exceeds 15% of the average annual revenues raised under the provisions of Commonwealth legislation and deposited into the Treasury (hereinafter “internal revenues”) in the two fiscal years preceding the fiscal year of such proposed issuance. Section 2 of Article VI does not limit the amount of debt that the Commonwealth may guarantee so long as the 15% limitation is not exceeded through payments by the Commonwealth on such guaranteed debt. Internal revenues consist principally of income taxes, property taxes and excise taxes. Certain revenues, such as federal excise taxes on offshore shipments of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products and customs duties, which are collected by the United States Government and returned to the Treasury, and motor vehicle fuel taxes and license fees, which are allocated to the Highway and Transportation Authority, are not included as internal revenues for the purpose of calculating the debt limit, although they may be available for the payment of debt

 

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service. In addition, the portion of the Sales Tax allocated to the Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation is also not included as internal revenues consistent with the legislation creating the Sales Tax Financing Corporation, which legislation provides that such portion is not “available resources” under the Constitutional provisions relating to the Bonds.

All or a portion of the proceeds of certain refunding bonds issued by the Commonwealth were invested in guaranteed investment contracts or federal agency securities (in each case rated in the highest category by Moody’s and S&P, none of which is eligible to be used for a legal defeasance under Puerto Rico law (“non-eligible investments”)). Since bonds refunded with proceeds of non-eligible investments are not legally defeased, such bonds are treated as outstanding for purposes of the 15% debt limitation.

Future maximum annual debt service for the Commonwealth’s outstanding general obligation debt is $768,843,250 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020 (based on the assumption that the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 A, which are variable rate bonds, bear interest at their actual rate per annum through July 1, 2012 and thereafter at 12% per annum, and the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 B and a portion of the Public Improvement Bonds of 2006, Series A, each of which are also variable rate bonds, bear interest at 12% per annum). This amount ($768,843,250) is equal to 9.21% of $8,346,104,000, which is the average of the adjusted internal revenues for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2006. If bonds refunded with non-eligible investments described in the preceding paragraph were treated as not being outstanding, and the interest on the Public Improvement Refunding Bonds, Series 2004 B and the above portion of the Public Improvement Bonds of 2006, Series A, was calculated using the effective fixed interest rate payable by the Commonwealth under the interest rate exchange agreements entered into in respect thereof, the percentage referred to in the preceding sentence would be 8.19% and future maximum annual debt service for the Commonwealth’s outstanding general obligation debt would be $680,742,340 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. Annual debt service payments on the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (“PRASA”) guaranteed bonds have been paid by PRASA since fiscal year 2006 and, thus, such payments are not now included in the calculation of the 15% debt limitation. In the event PRASA is unable to make any portion of the future debt service payments on its guaranteed bonds, the Commonwealth would be required to make such payments under its guarantee from the General Fund, and such debt service would be included in the calculation of the 15% debt limitation.

The Commonwealth’s policy has been and continues to be to maintain the amount of such debt prudently below the constitutional limitation. Debt of municipalities, other than bond anticipation notes, is supported by real and personal property taxes and municipal license taxes. Debt of public corporations, other than bond anticipation notes, is generally supported by the revenues of such corporations from rates charged for services or products. However, certain debt of public corporations is supported, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by Commonwealth appropriations or taxes.

Direct debt of the Commonwealth is issued pursuant to specific legislation approved in each particular case. Debt of the municipalities is issued pursuant to ordinances adopted by the respective municipal assemblies. Debt of public corporations is issued in accordance with their enabling statutes. GDB, as fiscal agent of the Commonwealth and its municipalities and public corporations, must approve the specific terms of each issuance.

Ratings of Commonwealth General Obligation Bonds

On May 22, 2007, Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) confirmed its “Baa3” and Ba1” rating on the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt and its appropriation debt, respectively, and its negative ratings outlook thereon.

On May 22, 2007, Standard & Poor’s Rating Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”), lowered its rating on the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt to “BBB-”, changed its negative ratings outlook thereon to stable, and confirmed its “BBB-” rating on the Commonwealth’s appropriation debt.

 

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Commonwealth Guaranteed Debt

As of May 31, 2007, $2.83 billion of Commonwealth guaranteed bonds of the Public Buildings Authority were outstanding. Maximum annual debt service on these bonds is $219.5 million in fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, with their final maturity being July 1, 2036. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for bonds of the Public Buildings Authority.

As of May 31, 2007, $267 million of Commonwealth guaranteed bonds of GDB were outstanding. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for these bonds.

As of May 31, 2007, GDB held approximately $86.3 million of the Port of the Americas Authority’s outstanding bonds, which are guaranteed by the Commonwealth. The PAA is authorized to issue and GDB is authorized to purchase bonds issued by the Authority which are guaranteed by the Commonwealth in a maximum aggregate principal amount of $250 million. The proceeds from these bonds will be used to continue the development of the Port of the Americas. As of July 2007, no payments under the Commonwealth guaranty have been required for the Port of the Americas bonds.

As of May 31, 2007, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of obligations of PRASA guaranteed by the Commonwealth was $713.8 million. This amount consisted of $277.8 million in revenue bonds sold to the public, $209.1 million in bonds issued to the United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and $226.8 million of loans by the State Revolving (Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Act) Funds for the benefit of PRASA. From January 1997 through fiscal year 2005, the Commonwealth made debt service payments under its guaranty. Beginning with the debt service payment due January 1, 2006, the Commonwealth stopped making guarantee payments on these obligations. As of July 2007, PRASA had resumed making payment on this debt. In the event PRASA is unable to make any portion of the future debt service payments on its guaranteed obligations, the Commonwealth would be required once more to make such payments from the General Fund under its guarantee.

The long-term public sector debt was $39.4 million as of May 31, 2007, and the short-term public sector debt was $4.1 million as of that date. As of May 31, 2007, outstanding short-term debt, relative to total debt, was 9.5%.

REVENUES AND EXPENSES

Revenues

Fiscal Year 2007

Preliminary collections for the fiscal year ended on June 30, 2007 totaled $8.890 billion, $7 million more than the Treasury Department’s revised estimate for that period. This amount includes (i) $933 million in non-resident withholding, (ii) $1.123 billion in excise taxes, (iii) $583 million of sales tax revenues, and (iv) $269 million from special temporary tax measures.

As of July 2007, General Fund expenses for fiscal year 2007 were projected to be $9.221 billion, which is $267 million below the amount initially budgeted and takes into consideration $160 million in a portion of savings from the 10% budget reserve and $107 million in health-related expenditure reductions. The $9.221 billion amount does not include $522 million of debt service payments on a portion of the Commonwealth’s outstanding appropriation debt, which debt service was excluded from the budget based on the provisions of Act No. 91 of May 13, 2006, which created the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund to service in part the repayment of such appropriation debt.

 

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As of July 2007, the difference between projected revenues and expenses for fiscal year 2007 was expected to be covered, with legislative approval, by a $240 million transfer of funds from GDB that was originally set aside from General Fund appropriations to cover a portion of debt service payments on the Commonwealth’s appropriation debt which set aside is no longer believed to be needed on account of the passage of Act No. 91 referred to above. The remaining shortfall (about $100 million) was expected to be covered by cash management procedures such as delaying payments to certain vendors for a short period of time (carrying over into fiscal year 2008).

Fiscal Year 2006

General Fund total revenues for fiscal year 2006 were $8.541 billion (approximately $235 million, or 2.8%, more than received in fiscal year 2005). This increase was attributable to increases in income taxes ($504 million, including $309 million in taxes withheld from non-residents), together with decreases in external revenues ($12 million), excise taxes ($147 million), and miscellaneous non-tax revenues ($113 million). The increase in revenues from individual income taxes is mainly attributable to administrative measures and economic activity. The increase in the withholding tax on non-residents includes two extraordinary payments amounting to $200 million.

Total cash expenditures for fiscal year 2006 were $9.596 billion (excluding about $500 million in expenditures that occurred “off budget” for items such as refinanced debt service on general obligation debt and payment of vendor debts from prior years for Public Buildings Authority and subsidy and operational expenses of Agricultural Services and Development Administration) which exceeded original budgeted expenditures by $651 million, attributed mainly to increases in the area of education ($321 million), public safety and protection ($99 million), health ($207 million), and special contributions to pensions ($42 million), and reductions in the area of general government ($4 million), welfare ($3 million), contributions to municipalities ($1 million), and other debt service ($10 million).

The approximately $1.6 billion shortfall was covered by the release of $64 million in reserve funds held at GDB, borrowings from GDB and other sources of about $1.4 billion and about $150 million of “cash management” practices which had the effect of delaying payment of certain expenses until the start of fiscal year 2007. Also, during a two-week period in early May 2006, the Commonwealth was forced to furlough non-essential government workers because it was projected to run out of cash until the above borrowings were implemented in the aftermath of the passage of fiscal and tax reform legislation described below in order to allow the workers to return to work.

Fiscal Year 2005

General Fund total net revenues for fiscal year 2005 were $8.306 billion, representing an increase of $320 million or 4%, from fiscal year 2004 net revenues. This amount excludes proceeds of a loan of $550 million obtained from GDB, which is included as part of “Proceeds of notes and other borrowings.” The major changes in revenues from fiscal year 2004 were: (i) increases in total income taxes of $188 million, mainly resulting from increases in income taxes collected from individuals of $165 million and in income taxes collected from corporations of $40 million; (ii) increases in total excise taxes of $99 million; and (iii) net increases in other revenues of $32 million, mainly as a result of an increase in miscellaneous non-tax revenues of $51 million.

Total cash expenditures for fiscal year 2005 were $9.220 billion (excluding $98.6 million covered with funds from the Budgetary Fund), which exceeded budgeted expenditures by $366 million, attributed mainly to increases in the area of education ($300.5 million), public safety and protection ($18.6 million), health ($28.7 million), welfare ($10.2 million), and economic development ($8 million). This amount also excludes approximately $98.6 million of additional expenditures that were not originally budgeted. Various financing transactions were entered into to cover this imbalance.

 

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Tax Reform

Act No. 117 of July 4, 2006 (“Act 117”) amended the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code of 1994 (the “PR Code”) to provide, among other things, for a general sale and use tax of 5.5% to be imposed by the central government (the “Central Government Sales Tax”). Act 117 also authorized each municipal government to impose a municipal sale and use tax of 1.5% (the “Municipal Sales Tax” and, together with the Central Government Sales Tax, the “Sales Tax”). In general, the Municipal Sales Tax has the same tax base, exemptions (except for unprocessed foods) and limitations as those provided for in the Central Government Sales Tax. Act 117 also provides certain income tax reductions to address the regressive effect of the Sales Tax on taxpayers in lower income tax brackets.

The Sales Tax is imposed on the sale, use, consumption and storage of taxable items, which include tangible personal property, taxable services, admission rights and certain other types of transactions covering separable and identifiable taxable items which are sold for a single price, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. The Sales Tax will not be imposed on, among other things: (i) taxable items acquired by merchants for resale, (ii) taxable items acquired by manufacturing plants, (iii) taxable items acquired for use and consumption outside of Puerto Rico, (iv) certain food products that do not need to be heated before their sale, (v) prescription drugs, (vi) the rental payments received by a lessor of real property which is used for residential or commercial purposes, (vii) services provided by designated professionals, (viii) cash, cash equivalents, stocks, bonds, notes, mortgage loans, insurance, securities and interest derived for the use or forbearance of money, (ix) sales of real property, and (x) leases in which the Industrial Development Company is the owner of the property.

Act 117 also repealed the 5% general excise tax imposed on imported goods and the 3.6% general excise tax imposed on goods manufactured in Puerto Rico. Other items, such as fuel, crude oil and petroleum products, and vehicles, however, will remain subject to the excise tax previously applicable to such items, and are not subject to the Sales Tax.

The Sales Tax became effective on November 15, 2006 and the effective date of the repeal of the 5% general excise tax was October 16, 2006. Municipalities were authorized to implement the Municipal Sales Tax starting on July 1, 2006, and most have done so. The revenues derived from the Sales Tax will be distributed as follows: (i) municipal governments will retain 13/15 of the Municipal Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 1.3% out of the total 7% Sales Tax), (ii) the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund, created by Act No. 91 of May 13, 2006, as amended, will receive one-seventh of the Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 1% out of the total 7% Sales Tax), and (iii) the General Fund will receive the balance of the Sales Tax (equivalent to a tax of 4.7% out of the total 7% Sales Tax). The Secretary of the Treasury projects for fiscal year 2008 that each percentage point of the Sales Tax will generate annually approximately $202 million of gross revenues and that the Sales Tax will generate total annual gross revenues for the General Fund of approximately $911 million. For fiscal year 2007, the corresponding projections were $191 million and $576 million. The increase in revenues to be generated by the Sales Tax were expected to be partly offset by the elimination of the 5% general excise tax and the effect of the income tax reduction measures included in Act 117.

Act 117 also provided for special income tax rates with respect to certain transactions occurring on and between July 1, 2006 and December 31, 2006 (the “Transition Period”). Eligible dividends declared by domestic corporations or partnerships during the Transition Period will qualify for a 5% special income tax. The dividend does not need to be distributed to qualify for the 5% special income tax rate. During the Transition Period, Act 117 also provides a special tax rate of 5% (10% in the case of resident corporations and partnerships) in connection with “built-in” gains associated to capital assets held for periods in excess of six months (the “Special Capital Gains Tax”). In order to take advantage of the Special Capital Gains Tax, a taxpayer must file an election with the Secretary of the Treasury. The sale of the capital asset is not required to qualify for the Special Capital Gains Tax. In addition to the other conditions mentioned herein, the Special Capital Gains Tax is only available in connection with capital assets consisting of stock or participations of domestic and foreign corporations and partnerships, and real property located in Puerto Rico. However, in the case of resident corporations and partnerships, the Special Capital Gains Tax applies only to real property located in Puerto Rico.

 

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Major Sources of General Fund Revenues

Income Taxes

The Commonwealth’s income tax law, the Internal Revenue Code of 1994, as amended (the “P.R. Code”), imposes a tax on the income of individual residents of Puerto Rico, trusts, estates, and domestic and foreign (if engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico) corporations and partnerships at graduated rates. A flat tax is imposed on certain payments made to non-residents of Puerto Rico, which is collected through an income tax withholding.

Individuals. Resident individuals are subject to tax on their taxable income from all sources. The P.R. Code has five tax brackets for individuals with tax rates of 7%, 10%, 15%, 28%, and 33%. Dividend income from Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations is taxed at a rate of 10%.

Gain realized from the sale or exchange of a capital asset by resident individuals, if held for more than six months, is taxed at a rate of 12.5%.

Interest income in excess of $2,000 on deposit with Puerto Rico financial institutions is taxed at a rate of 17%; the first $2,000 of interest income from such institutions is exempt from taxation. Interest income on certain qualifying debt obligations issued by Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations and paid to resident individuals, trusts, estates, corporations and partnerships qualifies for a special 10% tax rate.

Corporations and Partnerships. Puerto Rico corporations and partnerships are subject to tax on income from all sources; foreign corporations and partnerships that are engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico are subject to tax on their income from Puerto Rico sources and on income from sources outside Puerto Rico that is effectively connected with the conduct of their trade or business in Puerto Rico. Unless a corporation or partnership qualifies for partial exemption from corporate income and other taxes under the industrial incentives program, it is subject to tax at graduated rates.

In general, the P.R. Code provides for six income tax brackets for corporations and partnerships, with the highest rate (39%) applicable to net taxable income in excess of $300,000. Also, Act No. 41 of August 1, 2005 was enacted to impose a temporary additional tax of 2.5% on corporations and partnerships with a net taxable income of $20,000 or more. In addition, Act No. 98 of May 16, 2006 provides for an extraordinary tax of 5% on resident corporations and partnerships engaged in business for pecuniary profit and whose gross income for the immediately preceding taxable year ended on or prior to December 31, 2005 exceeds $10 million. The 5% tax must be paid on or prior to July 31, 2006 and such amount may be subsequently claimed as a tax credit against such entity’s income tax liability. Act No. 89 of May 13, 2006 also imposes an additional special tax for the taxable year commencing in 2006 of 2% on the net income subject to standard taxation of all corporations operating under the provisions of the Puerto Rico Banking Law.

Gains realized from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, if held for more than six months, are taxed at a maximum rate of 20%. Dividends received by Puerto Rico corporations and partnerships of foreign corporations and partnerships engaged in trade or business in Puerto Rico are subject to general income tax rates. A dividends received credit may be available when the corporation or partnership making the distribution is organized in Puerto Rico. A special tax rate of 17% is applicable to dividend distributions of REITs received by corporations. Interest income on certain qualifying debt obligations issued by Puerto Rico corporations and certain qualifying foreign corporations and paid to resident corporations and partnerships qualifies for a special tax rate of 10%.

In general, corporations and partnerships operating under a new grant of tax exemption issued under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are subject to a maximum income tax rate of 7% during their basic exemption period. Certain corporations and partnerships covered by the tax incentives acts continue to be subject to a maximum tax rate of 45% on their taxable income. Corporations and partnerships covered by the Puerto Rico Tourism Incentives Act of 1993, as amended, are subject to a maximum tax rate of 42% on their taxable income. The P.R. Code also provides for an alternative minimum tax of 22%.

 

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The P.R. Code imposes a branch profits tax on resident foreign corporations less than 80% of whose gross income qualifies as income effectively connected with a Puerto Rico trade or business. The branch profits tax is 10% of an annual dividend equivalent amount, and it applies without regard to the Puerto Rico source of income rules.

Interest from Puerto Rico sources paid to non-resident non-affiliated corporate recipients is not subject to any income or withholding tax. Interest paid to certain related non-resident recipients is subject to a withholding tax of 29%. Dividends paid to non-resident corporate recipients are subject to a withholding tax of 15%. Dividends distributed by corporations (including Section 936 Corporations) operating under new grants of tax exemption issued under the 1998 Tax Incentives Act are not subject to Puerto Rico income tax. However, royalty payments made by such corporations to non-resident recipients are subject to a 15% withholding tax. The basic tax on dividends paid to foreign corporate shareholders of Section 936 Corporations operating under grants of tax exemption issued under prior incentives laws is 10% but is subject to reduction if a percentage of the profits are invested in certain eligible instruments for specified periods of time.

Subject to certain exceptions, payments in excess of $1,500 during a calendar year made by the Commonwealth and persons engaged in a trade or business in Puerto Rico in consideration of the receipt of services rendered in Puerto Rico are subject to a 7% withholding tax.

Sales and Use Taxes

The Sales Tax is imposed on the sale, use, consumption and storage of taxable items, which include tangible personal property, taxable services, admission rights and combined transactions, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. The Sales Tax will not be imposed on, among other things: (i) taxable items acquired by merchants for resale, (ii) taxable items acquired by manufacturing plants, (iii) taxable items acquired for use and consumption outside of Puerto Rico, (iv) certain food products that do not need to be heated before their sale, (v) prescription drugs, (vi) the rental payments received by a lessor of real property which is used for residential or commercial purposes, (vii) services provided by designated professionals, (viii) cash, cash equivalents, stocks, bonds, notes, mortgage loans, insurance, securities and interest derived for the use or forbearance of money, (ix) sales of real property, and (x) leases in which the Industrial Development Company is the owner of the property. The Sales Tax was effective starting on November 15, 2006 and was projected to generate for the General Fund approximately $911 million for fiscal year 2008 and approximately $576 million for fiscal year 2007.

Excise Taxes

The P.R. Code imposes an excise tax on certain articles and commodities, such as cigarettes, alcohol, sugar, cement, motor vehicles and certain petroleum products, which are taxed at different rates. The excise tax imposed on articles and commodities imported into Puerto Rico for consumption in Puerto Rico ended on October 16, 2006 and has been replaced by the previously described sales and use tax on November 15, 2006.

Other Taxes and Revenues

Motor vehicle license plate and registration fees comprise the major portion of license tax receipts. Recent legislation was enacted to increase license fees on luxury vehicles.

Non-tax revenues consist principally of lottery proceeds, documentary stamps, permits, fees and forfeits, proceeds of land sales and receipts from public corporations in lieu of taxes.

Revenues from non-Commonwealth sources include customs duties collected in Puerto Rico and excise taxes on shipments of rum from the island to the United States mainland. The customs duties and excise taxes on shipments are imposed and collected by the United States and returned to the Commonwealth. The excise tax on shipments of rum from Puerto Rico and other rum producing countries is $13.50 per gallon. Of this amount, the lesser of $13.25 per proof gallon and the actual excise tax imposed was returned to the Treasury through December 31, 2007.

 

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Expenses

Insurance Matters

Government-owned property is insured through policies obtained by the Secretary of the Treasury and through self-insurance, except for property owned by the Electric Power Authority and PRASA, whose properties are insured through arrangements and policies obtained by the respective Authorities. Personal injury awards against the Commonwealth are limited by law to $150,000 per occurrence.

Retirement Systems

The central government is responsible for approximately 62% of total employer contributions to the Employees Retirement System, and the other 38% is the responsibility of public corporations and municipalities. The central government is also responsible for 100% and 99% of total employer contributions to the Judiciary and Teachers Retirement Systems, respectively. Retirement and related benefits provided by the systems and required contributions to the systems by employers and employees are determined by law rather than by actuarial requirements. For the Employees Retirement System, required employer contributions are 9.275% of applicable payroll. Required employee contributions for the Employees Retirement System vary according to salary and how the individual employee’s retirement benefits are coordinated with social security benefits. For the Judiciary Retirement System, required contributions are 20% of applicable payroll for the employer and 8% for the employees. For the Teachers Retirement System, required contributions are 8.5% of applicable payroll for the employer and 9.0% for the employees.

According to the most recent actuarial valuation of the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System submitted by a firm of independent consulting actuaries, as of June 30, 2005, the total pension benefit obligations for the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System were $12.284 billion and $179 million, respectively. The unfunded pension benefit obligations of the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System for the same period were $9.956 billion and $104 million, respectively, representing funding ratios of 19% and 40%, respectively. Any amounts receivable from the Commonwealth with respect to benefits under special benefits laws (discussed below) are considered in the actuarial evaluation process to determine the unfunded pension benefit obligation of the Employees Retirement System to the extent receivables are recognized as such by the Employees Retirement System. The June 30, 2005 actuarial valuation was completed in accordance with the “Projected Unit Credit” method and assumed an investment return of 8.5% per year and a salary increase of 5% per year. Insofar as the statutorily mandated annual deposit to the Employees Retirement System and Judiciary Retirement System is insufficient to cover the actuarial pension benefit obligation, the unfunded pension benefit obligation of the System will continue to increase in the short term, and additional funding from the Commonwealth may ultimately be necessary to cover such unfunded obligation.

According to the most recent actuarial valuation of the Teachers Retirement System submitted by a firm of independent consulting actuaries, as of June 30, 2004 the accrued actuarial liability of the system was $4.7 billion and the value of its assets amounted to $2.4 billion, representing a funding ratio of 51%, and the resulting unfunded accrued liability was $2.3 billion. This funding ratio takes into account the recent turn-around in the equities market and the restructuring of the portfolio’s asset composition. The actuarial valuation assumed an investment return of 8%, yearly salary increases of 5%, employee and employer contributions of 9% and 8.5%, respectively, an inflation rate of 3.5%, and a remaining amortization period of 16 years for the unfunded accrued liability. The actuarial accrued liability does not include benefits paid under special benefits laws (described below) and will not include the obligation with respect to the prospective payments under special benefits laws because these are not obligations of the Teachers Retirement System, and the funding for such benefits will originate from the Commonwealth’s General Fund. Insofar as the statutorily mandated annual deposit to the Teachers Retirement System is insufficient to cover the actuarial pension liability, the unfunded pension benefit obligation will continue to increase, and additional funding from the Commonwealth may ultimately be necessary to cover such unfunded liability.

 

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Various special benefits laws enacted in previous years provided for additional benefits for the Employees Retirement System, Teachers Retirement System, and Judiciary Retirement System. Specifically, in the case of the Employees Retirement System, Act No. 10 of May 21, 1992 provided for special benefit increases of 3% every three years. The first 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of that date. The second 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of January 1, 1995. This increase is being financed by additional contributions from the employers. The third 3% increase was granted to retirees who had been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of January 1, 1998. This third increase is being partially funded with additional contributions from some of the employers. In June 2001, the Legislative Assembly approved a fourth 3% increase, effective as of January 1, 2001, in post-retirement annuity payments granted on or prior to January 1, 1998. This increase is to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. In June 2003, the Legislative Assembly approved a fifth increase of 3% in post retirement benefits effective January 1, 2004. This increase is also to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. In June 2007, the Legislative Assembly approved a sixth increase of 3% in post retirement benefits effective January 1, 2007. This increase is also to be funded by the General Fund for retirees who were employees of the central government and by municipalities and public corporations for retirees who were their employees. Subsequent increases will depend upon the express approval of the Board of Trustees of the Employees Retirement System and the Legislative Assembly, and must provide a funding source. In the case of the Judiciary Retirement System, Act No. 41 of June 13, 2001 provided a 3% special benefit increase in annuity payments, commencing on January 1, 2002 and every three years thereafter, to retirees who have been receiving their annuities for three or more years as of that date. This increase is to be funded by the General Fund.

The Teachers Retirement System is seeking reimbursement from the Commonwealth’s Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) in the amount of $119 million for special benefits paid by the System to its beneficiaries through June 30, 2004 pursuant to special benefit laws enacted by the Legislative Assembly. The Teachers Retirement System’s interpretation of these special benefit laws, to the effect that the Commonwealth is required to reimburse the Teachers Retirement System for such special benefits paid, is being disputed by OMB. This dispute is currently under inter-agency arbitration proceedings. The Employees Retirement System is also seeking reimbursement from the Commonwealth (in connection with other special benefits laws applicable to its beneficiaries) in the amount of $73.8 million, representing cumulative benefits paid to beneficiaries through June 30, 2005. The Employees Retirement System projects an additional shortfall of $39.4 million for fiscal year 2006 in connection with special benefits laws payments. OMB believes that the basis of the claims from the Employees Retirement System is valid but that the amounts claimed remain to be verified and reconciled.

The Employees Retirement System’s disbursements of benefits during fiscal years 2003 through 2006 exceeded contributions and investment income for those years. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2003 was covered with a portion of the proceeds from the sale to Verizon of the 15% stock ownership in the Puerto Rico Telephone Company (“PRTC”) and a loan received from the Department of the Treasury. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2004 was covered with a loan received from the Department of the Treasury. Balances owed to the Department of the Treasury and other pending working capital needs through fiscal year 2005 were refinanced through a repurchase agreement with a financial institution in an amount of $138 million collateralized with the assets of the Employees Retirement System. The cash shortfall for fiscal year 2006 was approximately $70 million. This shortfall was covered with a line of credit provided by a private financial institution and collateralized with the assets of the Employees Retirement System. There was no cash shortfall for fiscal year 2007 on account of the receipt of the proceeds from the sale of the PRTC stock. Also with these proceeds the Employees Retirement System paid off the balances of the 2005 repurchase agreement and the 2006 line of credit used to cover the respective year’s cash shortfalls.

The Employees Retirement System anticipates that its future cash flow needs for disbursement of benefits to participants are likely to exceed the sum of the employer and employee contributions received and its investment

 

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and other recurring income. The Employees Retirement System is also evaluating other measures to improve its cash flows and funding ratio. Some of these measures include, but are not limited to, the establishment of a maximum salary to calculate pension benefits, aggressive collection efforts with respect to employer contributions owed by the Commonwealth, the municipalities and public corporations, and the transfer to the Employees Retirement System of any amounts remaining in the Children’s Trust after payment of all the outstanding bonds.

In addition, the Employees Retirement System is currently undertaking a financing that would significantly increase the System’s funding ratio and reduce its unfunded pension benefit obligation. The financing involves the issuance by the Employees Retirement System of debt secured by a pledge of future employer contributions over the next 50 years. All net cash generated by this financing would be deposited into the Employees Retirement System trust to be invested along with its other assets. The Employees Retirement System estimates that the financing will be undertaken during fiscal year 2008 and subsequent years.

Property Taxes

Personal property, which accounts for approximately 48% of total collections of taxable property, is self-assessed. Real property taxes are assessed based on 1958 property values. No real property reassessment has been made since 1958, and construction taking place after that year has been assessed on the basis of what the value of the property would have been in 1958. Accordingly, the overall assessed valuation of real property for taxation purposes is substantially lower than the actual market value. Also, an exemption on the first $15,000 of assessed valuation in owner-occupied residences is available.

Property taxes are assessed, determined and collected for the benefit of the municipalities by the Municipal Revenues Collection Center (“CRIM”), a government instrumentality of the Commonwealth. However, a special 1.03% tax on the assessed value of all property (other than exempted property) imposed by the Commonwealth for purposes of paying the Commonwealth’s general obligation debt is deposited in the Commonwealth’s Redemption Fund.

BUDGET OF THE COMMONWEALTH

Budgetary Process

The fiscal year of the Commonwealth begins each July 1. The Governor is constitutionally required to submit to the Legislative Assembly an annual balanced budget of revenues, capital improvements, and operating expenses of the central government for the ensuing fiscal year. The annual budget is prepared by the Commonwealth’s Office of Management and Budget, in coordination with the Planning Board, the Treasury, and other government offices and agencies. Section 7 of Article VI of the Constitution provides that “The appropriations made for any fiscal year shall not exceed the total revenues, including available surplus, estimated for said fiscal year unless the imposition of taxes sufficient to cover said appropriations is provided by law.”

The annual budget, which is developed utilizing elements of program budgeting, includes an estimate of revenues and other resources for the ensuing fiscal year under (i) laws existing at the time the budget is submitted, and (ii) legislative measures proposed by the Governor and submitted with the proposed budget, as well as the Governor’s recommendations as to appropriations that in his judgment are necessary, convenient, and in conformity with the four-year investment plan prepared by the Planning Board.

The Legislative Assembly may amend the budget submitted by the Governor but may not increase any items so as to cause a deficit without imposing taxes to cover such deficit. Upon passage by the Legislative Assembly, the budget is referred to the Governor, who may decrease or eliminate any item but may not increase or insert any new item in the budget. The Governor may also veto the budget in its entirety and return it to the Legislative Assembly with the Governor’s objections. The Legislative Assembly, by a two-thirds majority in each house,

 

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may override the Governor’s veto. If a budget is not adopted prior to the succeeding fiscal year, as was the case for fiscal year 2006, the annual budget for the preceding fiscal year as originally approved by the Legislative Assembly and the Governor is automatically renewed for the ensuing fiscal year until a new budget is approved by the Legislative Assembly and the Governor. This permits the Commonwealth to continue making payments of its operating and other expenses until a new budget is approved.

Fiscal Reform

On May 25, 2006, the Governor signed Act No. 103 providing for a fiscal reform of the Commonwealth government (the “Fiscal Reform Legislation”). The Fiscal Reform Legislation applies to every instrumentality and entity of the Executive Branch funded, in whole or in part, from the General Fund and sets forth, as the public policy of the Commonwealth, the reduction of government spending, the elimination or consolidation of redundant agencies, the reduction of government payroll without causing the layoff of regular employees or increasing the actuarial liability of the retirement systems, the limitation of unnecessary, extravagant or excessive spending, and the limitation of public relations and other similar expenses. Despite his approval of the Fiscal Reform Legislation, the Governor has stated that certain of its provisions may be unconstitutional because they infringe on Executive Branch prerogatives. As such, the Governor has informed the Legislative Assembly that certain provisions of the Fiscal Reform Legislation will be implemented at the Executive Branch’s discretion and through the use of the Executive Branch’s prerogatives. There is no assurance that the Fiscal Reform Legislation will result in the intended reduction of expenditures or that it will be implemented as enacted or that it will not be judicially challenged.

Appropriations

For fiscal year 2006, approximately 53% of the General Fund was committed for payment of the central government payroll. In addition, approximately 25% of the General Fund was committed to the payment of fixed charges such as municipal subsidies, grants to the University of Puerto Rico, funding for the judicial branch, deposits to the Budgetary and Emergency Funds, among others, and debt service on the direct debt of the Commonwealth. For fiscal year 2007, it was proposed that approximately 56% and 6% of the General Fund be committed for payment of the central government payroll and debt service on the direct debt of the Commonwealth, respectively. Commencing with fiscal year 2004, the Commonwealth appropriates annually to the judicial branch an amount initially equal to 3.3% of the average annual revenue from internal sources for each of the two preceding fiscal years. This percentage will increase until it reaches 4% in fiscal year 2008, and may be further increased upon review, with scheduled reviews every five years.

Budget for Fiscal Year 2007

The consolidated budget for fiscal year 2007 totaled $26.5 billion. Of this amount, $14.3 billion was assigned to the central government. This included General Fund total resources and appropriations of $9.488 billion, which represents a decrease of $108 million over actual expenditures for fiscal year 2006.

Projected expenses and capital improvements of all budgetary funds totaled $14.3 billion, a decrease of approximately $1.3 billion from fiscal year 2006. The major changes in General Fund expenditures by program in fiscal year 2007 were mainly due to increases in welfare (up $57.7 million), Transportation and Communication (up $11.6 million), economic development (up $24.8 million), public safety and protection (up $36.1 million), debt service on Commonwealth’s general obligation and guaranteed debt (up $400.7 million), and decreases in housing (down $70.4 million), health (down $216.9 million), education (down $126 million), and other debt service, consisting principally of Commonwealth appropriation debt (down $488.4 million). The budget for fiscal year 2007 excluded approximately $522 million of debt service payments. Of this amount, GDB advanced and, on July 15, 2006, deposited with the trustee $303 million corresponding to debt service of the Public Finance Corporation. Additional debt service requirements for fiscal year 2007 were expected to be

 

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covered with amounts that were to be deposited in the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund. Amounts not covered by the Dedicated Sales Tax Fund, if any, would have to be covered by additional legislative appropriations from the Commonwealth’s General Fund.

The Commonwealth authorized the issuance of $500 million of general obligation bonds for fiscal year 2007.

Budget for Fiscal Year 2008

The consolidated budget for fiscal year 2008 totals $26.7 billion. Of this amount, $14.1 billion is assigned to the central government. This includes General Fund total resources and appropriations of $9.227 billion, which represents a decrease of $261 million over approved expenditures for fiscal year 2007.

Projected expenses and capital improvements of all budgetary funds total $14.1 billion, a decrease of approximately $0.2 billion from fiscal year 2007. The major changes in General Fund expenditures by program in fiscal year 2008 are mainly due to increases in special pension contribution (up $24.1 million), public safety and protection (up $22.7 million), transportation and communication (up $1.5 million), and other debt service (up $5.9 million), and decreases in welfare (down $122.3 million), debt service on Commonwealth’s general obligation and guaranteed debt (down $61.5 million), education (down $42.5 million), health (down $33.4 million), contributions to municipalities (down $26.3 million), economic development (down $24.9 million), and general government (down $3.8 million).

As of July 2007, the Governor had proposed the issuance of $425 million of general obligation bonds for fiscal year 2008, but such bonds had not yet been authorized.

LITIGATION

The Commonwealth is a defendant in numerous legal proceedings pertaining to matters incidental to the performance of routine governmental operations. Under Act No. 104 of June 25, 1955, as amended (“Act No. 104”), persons are authorized to sue the Commonwealth only for causes of actions specified in said Act. The Commonwealth may be liable under Act No. 104 for damages up to a maximum amount of $75,000 or $150,000 if the suit involves actions for damages to more than one person or where a single injured party is entitled to several causes of action. Under certain circumstances, as provided in Act No. 9 of November 26, 1975, as amended (“Act No. 9”), the Commonwealth may provide its officers and employees, including directors of public corporations and government instrumentalities and mayors of the municipalities of the Commonwealth, with legal representation, as well as assume the payment of any judgment that may be entered against them. There is no limitation on the amount of the judgment that may be paid under Act No. 9.

With respect to pending and threatened litigation, as of June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth has included in its financial statements reported liabilities of approximately $306 million for awarded and anticipated unfavorable judgments. While amounts claimed exceed $9 billion, such amount represents the amount estimated at the time as a probable liability or a liability with a fixed or expected due date, which would require future available financial resources for its payment. The Commonwealth believes that the ultimate liability in excess of amounts provided in the financial statements, if any, would not be significant.

The Commonwealth is a defendant in two lawsuits filed, one in Commonwealth court and one in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, by an association of primary care health centers seeking to recover from the Commonwealth $800 million of Medicaid funds retained by the Department of Health since 1997. In June 2004, the Superior Court of the Commonwealth in San Juan determined that the Commonwealth must return those funds. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, however, upheld a partial ruling allowing the Commonwealth to deduct from the payments due to the centers certain of the payments received by the centers

 

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from the federal government. As of July 2007, audits were being carried out on the plaintiff centers. As of June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth had accrued $55 million for this legal contingency. With respect to the federal case, a preliminary injunction was issued by the court against the Commonwealth requiring it to disburse approximately $20 million in six payments beginning in October 2005.

The Commonwealth is also a defendant in a class action presented by parents of special education students alleging deficient services to these students in the areas of education and health care before Commonwealth Courts. One court recently decided in favor of the parents’ request to include damage claims in the same class action case. This court may now award damages to the class action members, and in doing so may consider the claims in groups or each case individually. This will require that the parents prove the damages suffered. The Commonwealth has indicated that it plans to defend vigorously each case. As of June 30, 2006, the Commonwealth had accrued $440 million for this legal contingency.

This decision is appealable and thus, not final at this time. The Commonwealth does not anticipate any final determination or damages award, in any case, to be granted in this fiscal year.

The Commonwealth and various component units are defendants in other lawsuits alleging violations of civil rights, breach of contract, and other damage claims. As of July 2007, preliminary hearings and discovery proceedings were in progress. The amounts claimed exceed $7.8 billion; however, as of July 2007, the ultimate liability could not be determined. The Commonwealth has indicated that, in its opinion, the claims are excessive. As of July 2007, no provision for any liability that may result upon adjudication of these lawsuits had been recognized by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth has indicated that it believes that the ultimate liability, if any, would not be significant.

* * * * *

RATING AGENCIES’ ACTIONS

As of February 25, 2008, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s rated the Commonwealth’s general obligation, respectively, Baa3 and BBB-. Any explanation regarding the reasons for and the significance of such ratings must be obtained from the respective ratings agency furnishing the same. The ratings reflect only the respective opinions of such rating agencies. There is no assurance that the ratings will continue for any given period of time or will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely by either or both of such rating agencies. Any such downward revision or withdrawal of a rating could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the Commonwealth’s municipal obligation bonds.

 

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APPENDIX E

Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset” or the “Firm”) Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

BACKGROUND

An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates ( other than Western Asset Management Company Limited) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

At account start-up, or upon amendment of an IMA, the applicable client IMA are similarly reviewed. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Client Account Transition Team maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

 

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Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

a. Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

b. Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

c. Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

d. If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

e. Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

f. Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

a. A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

b. Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

c. A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

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d. Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

e. A proxy log including:

1. Issuer name;

2. Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

3. Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

4. A brief identification of the matter voted on;

5. Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

6. Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

7. A record of how the vote was cast; and

8. Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part II of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

1. Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

2. Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

3. Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

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I. Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

1. Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

a. Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

b. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

c. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

d. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

2. Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

a. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

b. Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

c. Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

d. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

3. Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

a. Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

b. Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

c. Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

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4. Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

5. Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

b. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

6. Other Business Matters

Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

b. Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

II. Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

3. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

III. Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

1. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

2. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

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IV. Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers—i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

3. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

4. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

 

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