7. Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue primarily from the sale of products and services, both as a principal and as an agent. We generate all of our operating revenue from contracts with customers. Our revenue excludes sales and usage-based taxes collected.

Revenue from product sales and services is reported net of sales refunds, which includes an estimate of future returns and contract cancellations based on historical refund rates, with a corresponding reduction to cost of sales. For revenue transactions that involve more than one performance obligation, we defer the revenue associated with any unsatisfied performance obligation until the obligation is satisfied.

Our contract liabilities primarily relate to product merchandise not yet delivered to customers; unredeemed gift cards; services not yet completed; services technical support contracts, where performance is satisfied over the duration of the contract; and options that provide a material right to customers, such as our customer loyalty programs. We do not have any material contract assets.

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from our contracts with customers, which reflects the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of May 4, 2019, February 2, 2019, and May 5, 2018 ($ in millions):



	May 4, 2019		February 2, 2019		May 5, 2018
Receivables, net(1)	$	484	$	565	$	582
Short-term contract liabilities included in:
Unredeemed gift cards		265		290		285
Deferred revenue		409		446		371
Accrued liabilities		139		146		139
Long-term contract liabilities included in:
Long-term liabilities		10		11		20

(1)

Receivables are recorded net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $12 million, $13 million, and $26 million as of May 4, 2019, February 2, 2019, and May 5, 2018, respectively.

We establish allowances for uncollectible receivables based on historical collection trends and write-off history. The following table summarizes our allowance for doubtful accounts activity related to contracts with customers during the three months ended May 4, 2019, and May 5, 2018 ($ in millions):



	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balances at February 2, 2019	$	13
Charged to expenses or other accounts		10
Other(1)		(11)
Balances at May 4, 2019	$	12

Balances at February 4, 2018	$	24
Charged to expenses or other accounts		11
Other(1)		(9)
Balances at May 5, 2018	$	26

(1)Includes bad debt write-offs, recoveries and the effect of foreign currency fluctuations.

During the three months ended May 4, 2019, and May 5, 2018, $466 million and $455 million of revenue was recognized, respectively, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the respective periods. No revenue was recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

The following table includes estimated revenue from our contract liability balances expected to be recognized in future periods if performance of the contract is expected to have a duration of more than one year ($ in millions):



	May 4, 2019(1)
Remainder of fiscal 2020	$	9
Fiscal 2021		7
Fiscal 2022		3
Fiscal 2023		1
Thereafter		-

(1)Amounts exclude unsatisfied performance obligations from contract liability balances with a duration of one year or less. The estimated transaction price revenue disclosed above also does not include amounts of variable consideration attributable to contracts where the consideration is constrained at May 4, 2019.

See Note 12, Segments, for a disaggregation of revenue by reportable segment and product category, which represents how our chief operating decision maker reviews information internally to evaluate our financial performance and to make resource allocation and other decisions for the enterprise.