Our subsidiaries sponsor noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees of Altria and our subsidiaries. Employees hired on or after a date specific to their employee group are not eligible to participate in these noncontributory defined benefit pension plans but are instead eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan with enhanced benefits. We also provide postretirement health care and other benefits to certain retired employees.

We base the discount rates for our plans on a yield curve developed from a model portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds with durations that match the expected future cash flows of the pension and postretirement benefit obligations.


	Pension				Postretirement
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	6,428	$	6,292	$	1,246	$	1,275
Service cost	41		39		15		15
Interest cost	321		333		62		65
Benefits paid	(457)		(460)		(91)		(96)
Actuarial (gains) losses	(251)		224		(153)		(10)
Plan amendments	—		—		(1)		(3)


Benefit obligation at end of year	6,082		6,428		1,078		1,246
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	6,775		6,603		102		122
Actual return on plan assets	209		612		12		13
Employer contributions	18		20		—		—
Benefits paid	(457)		(460)		(30)		(33)

Fair value of plan assets at end of year	6,545		6,775		84		102
Funded status at December 31	$	463	$	347	$	(994)	$	(1,144)
Amounts recognized on our consolidated balance sheets:
Other assets	$	624	$	506	$	—	$	—
Other accrued liabilities	(25)		(29)		(59)		(65)
Accrued pension costs	(136)		(130)		—		—

Accrued postretirement health care costs	—		—		(935)		(1,079)
	$	463	$	347	$	(994)	$	(1,144)

The table above presents the projected benefit obligation for our pension plans. The accumulated benefit obligation, which represents benefits earned to date, for our pension plans was $5.9 billion and $6.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Actuarial gains for our pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 were due primarily to a higher discount rate. Actuarial gains for our postretirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 were due primarily to lower assumed health care plans participation rates and a higher discount rate. Actuarial losses for our pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2023 were due primarily to a lower discount rate. Actuarial gains for our postretirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2023 were due primarily to a planned change in healthcare provider effective January 2025, and other items, partially offset by actuarial losses attributable to a lower discount rate.

For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, our accumulated benefit obligation was $140 million and $142 million, respectively. For pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, our projected benefit obligation was $161 million and $159 million, respectively. Additionally, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no plan assets for these plans.


	Pension				Postretirement
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Discount rate	5.7	%	5.3	%	5.7	%	5.2	%
Rate of compensation increase - long-term	4.0		4.0		—		—
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	—		—		6.3		6.5
Ultimate trend rate	—		—		5.0		5.0
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	—		—		2031		2031


	Pension						Postretirement
(in millions)	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
Service cost	$	41	$	39	$	64	$	15	$	15	$	23
Interest cost	321		333		206		62		65		41
Expected return on plan assets	(465)		(485)		(493)		(6)		(8)		(13)
Amortization:
Net loss (gain)	28		4		96		(6)		(2)		18
Prior service cost (credit)	5		6		6		(41)		(40)		(45)

Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	(70)	$	(103)	$	(121)	$	24	$	30	$	24


	Pension						Postretirement
	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
Discount rates:
Service cost	5.4	%	5.7	%	3.2	%	5.3	%	5.7	%	3.2	%
Interest cost	5.2		5.5		2.5		5.2		5.5		2.5
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.1		6.1		6.1		7.4		7.4		7.7
Rate of compensation increase - long-term	4.0		4.0		4.0		—		—		—
Health care cost trend rate	—		—		—		6.5		6.5		6.5

▪Defined Contribution Plans: We sponsor tax-qualified defined contribution plans covering certain salaried and hourly (non-union and union) employees. Contributions and costs are determined generally as a percentage of earnings, as defined by our plans. Amounts charged to expense for these defined contribution plans totaled $112 million, $109 million and $91 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

▪Pension and Postretirement Plan Assets: In managing our pension assets, we implement a liability-driven investment framework that aligns plan assets with liabilities. The current equity/fixed income target allocation of 20%/80% is designed to balance pension liability hedging and asset growth in order to maintain our plan’s funded status and cover incremental service accruals and interest cost. Liability hedging is achieved through investing in rate-sensitive fixed income securities, primarily corporate bonds and U.S. Treasuries, while growth assets are comprised of publicly traded equity securities.

Our investment strategy for our postretirement plan assets is intended to maximize our total asset return based on the expectation that equity securities will outperform debt securities over the long term and reflects the maturity structure of our benefit obligation. The equity/fixed income target allocation for postretirement plan assets is 55%/45%.

We believe that we implement these investment strategies in a prudent and risk-controlled manner, consistent with the fiduciary requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, by investing retirement plan assets in a well-diversified mix of equities, fixed income and other securities.

We implement our investment strategy for our pension and postretirement plan assets by investing in long-duration fixed income securities that primarily include U.S. corporate bonds of companies from diversified industries and U.S. Treasury securities that mirror our pension obligation benchmark, as well as U.S. and international equity index strategies that are intended to mirror broad market

indices, including, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) Europe, Australasia, and the Far East (“EAFE”) Index. Our pension and postretirement plans also invest in actively managed international equity securities of mid- and small-cap companies located in developed and emerging markets. For pension plan assets, our allocation to below investment grade securities represented approximately 8% of the fixed income holdings or approximately 7% of our total plan assets at December 31, 2024. Our allocation to emerging markets represented approximately 2% of total plan assets at December 31, 2024. For postretirement plan assets, our allocation to below investment grade securities represented approximately 8% of the fixed income holdings or approximately 3% of our total plan assets at December 31, 2024. Our allocation to emerging markets represented approximately 2% of our total plan assets at December 31, 2024.

Our risk management practices for our pension and postretirement plans include (i) ongoing monitoring of asset allocation, investment performance and investment managers’ compliance with their investment guidelines, (ii) periodic rebalancing between equity and debt asset classes and (iii) annual actuarial re-measurement of plan liabilities.

Our expected rate of return on pension and postretirement plan assets is determined by our plan assets’ historical long-term investment performance, current asset allocation and estimates of future long-term returns by asset class. The forward-looking estimates are consistent with the long-term historical averages exhibited by returns on equity and fixed income securities. For determining our pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost (income), our 2025 expected rate of return assumptions are 6.1% and 7.4%, respectively.


	2024						2023
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
U.S. and foreign government securities or their agencies:
U.S. government and agencies	$	—	$	508	$	508	$	—	$	1,114	$	1,114
U.S. municipal bonds	—		69		69		—		81		81
Foreign government and agencies	—		54		54		—		33		33
Corporate debt instruments:
Above investment grade	—		3,572		3,572		—		3,160		3,160
Below investment grade and no rating	—		582		582		—		716		716
Common stock:
International equities	398		—		398		360		—		360
U.S. equities	361		—		361		323		—		323


Asset backed securities	—		185		185		—		279		279


Other, net	(15)		99		84		47		154		201
	$	744	$	5,069	$	5,813	$	730	$	5,537	$	6,267
Investments measured at NAV as a practical expedient for fair value:
Collective investment funds
U.S. large cap					$	445					$	388
U.S. small cap					100						90
International developed markets					53						55
Total investments measured at NAV					$	598					$	533

Other					134						(25)
Fair value of plan assets, net					$	6,545					$	6,775


	2024						2023
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
U.S. and foreign government securities or their agencies:
U.S. government and agencies	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	4	$	4

Foreign government and agencies	—		2		2		—		2		2
Corporate debt instruments:
Above investment grade	—		24		24		—		31		31
Below investment grade and no rating	—		2		2		—		4		4
Other, net	—		8		8		1		3		4
	$	—	$	37	$	37	$	1	$	44	$	45
Investments measured at NAV as a practical expedient for fair value:
Collective investment funds:
U.S. large cap					$	35					$	44
International developed markets					12						11
Total investments measured at NAV					$	47					$	55

Other					—						2
Fair value of plan assets, net					$	84					$	102

▪U.S. and Foreign Government Securities: U.S. and foreign government securities consist of investments in Treasury Nominal Bonds and Inflation Protected Securities, agency bonds and municipal securities. Government securities are valued at a price that is based on a compilation of primarily observable market information, such as broker quotes. Matrix pricing, yield curves and indices are used when broker quotes are not available.

▪Corporate Debt Instruments: Corporate debt instruments are valued at a price that is based on a compilation of primarily observable market information, such as broker quotes. Matrix pricing, yield curves and indices are used when broker quotes are not available.

▪Asset Backed Securities: Asset backed securities are fixed income securities such as mortgage backed securities and auto loans that are collateralized by pools of underlying assets that are unable to be sold individually. They are valued at a price that is based on a compilation of primarily observable market information or a broker quote in a non-active over-the-counter market.

▪Collective Investment Funds: Collective investment funds consist of funds that are intended to mirror indices such as Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and MSCI EAFE Index. They are valued on the basis of the relative interest of each participating investor in the fair value of the underlying assets of each of the respective collective investment funds, which are valued based on the net asset value (“NAV”), and are provided by the investment account manager as a practical expedient to estimate fair value. These investments are not classified by level but are disclosed to permit reconciliation to the fair value of plan assets.

Cash Flows: We make contributions to our pension plans to the extent that the contributions are tax deductible and pay benefits that relate to plans for salaried employees that cannot be funded under IRS regulations. Currently, we anticipate making employer contributions to our pension and postretirement plans of up to approximately $30 million for each in 2025. However, the foregoing estimates of 2025 contributions to our pension and postretirement plans are subject to change as a result of changes in tax and other benefit laws, changes in interest rates, as well as asset performance significantly above or below the assumed long-term rate of return for each respective plan.


(in millions)	Pension		Post- retirement		Post- employment		Total

Net (loss) gain	$	(2,213)	$	172	$	(45)	$	(2,086)
Prior service (cost) credit	(13)		216		(5)		198
Deferred income taxes	578		(95)		13		496
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive losses	$	(1,648)	$	293	$	(37)	$	(1,392)


(in millions)	Pension		Post- retirement		Post- employment		Total
Net (loss) gain	$	(2,236)	$	19	$	(39)	$	(2,256)
Prior service (cost) credit	(18)		256		(5)		233
Deferred income taxes	585		(67)		12		530
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive losses	$	(1,669)	$	208	$	(32)	$	(1,493)


(in millions)	Pension		Post- retirement		Post- employment		Total
Amounts reclassified to net earnings as components of net periodic benefit cost (income):
Amortization:
Net loss (gain)	$	28	$	(6)	$	7	$	29
Prior service cost (credit)	5		(41)		—		(36)



Deferred income taxes	(8)		12		(2)		2
	$	25	$	(35)	$	5	$	(5)
Other movements during the year:
Net (loss) gain	$	(5)	$	159	$	(13)	$	141
Prior service (cost) credit	—		1		—		1
Deferred income taxes	1		(40)		3		(36)
	$	(4)	$	120	$	(10)	$	106
Total movements in other comprehensive earnings (losses)	$	21	$	85	$	(5)	$	101


(in millions)	Pension		Post-retirement		Post-employment		Total
Amounts reclassified to net earnings as components of net periodic benefit cost (income):
Amortization:
Net loss (gain)	$	4	$	(2)	$	6	$	8
Prior service cost (credit)	6		(40)		—		(34)



Deferred income taxes	(2)		11		(1)		8
	$	8	$	(31)	$	5	$	(18)
Other movements during the year:

Net (loss) gain	$	(60)	$	20	$	(11)	$	(51)
Prior service (cost) credit	—		3		—		3
Deferred income taxes	16		(10)		3		9
	$	(44)	$	13	$	(8)	$	(39)
Total movements in other comprehensive earnings (losses)	$	(36)	$	(18)	$	(3)	$	(57)


(in millions)	Pension		Post- retirement		Post- employment		Total
Amounts reclassified to net earnings as components of net periodic benefit cost (income):
Amortization:
Net loss (gain)	$	96	$	18	$	13	$	127
Prior service cost (credit)	6		(45)		—		(39)



Deferred income taxes	(26)		7		(3)		(22)
	$	76	$	(20)	$	10	$	66
Other movements during the year:
Net (loss) gain	$	(183)	$	345	$	(15)	$	147
Prior service (cost) credit	—		(2)		—		(2)
Deferred income taxes	48		(87)		4		(35)
	$	(135)	$	256	$	(11)	$	110
Total movements in other comprehensive earnings (losses)	$	(59)	$	236	$	(1)	$	176