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Loans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Note 6 — Loans

The following is a summary of total loans:


	September 30,		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Loans:
Construction and land development ⁽¹⁾	$	2,776,241	$	2,860,360
Commercial non-owner occupied		8,702,352		8,072,959
Commercial owner occupied real estate		5,539,097		5,460,193
Consumer owner occupied ⁽²⁾		6,259,048		5,162,042
Home equity loans		1,349,097		1,313,168
Commercial and industrial		5,458,229		5,313,483
Other income producing property		670,331		696,242
Consumer		1,258,078		1,278,426
Other loans		4,199		20,989
Total loans		32,016,672		30,177,862
Less allowance for credit losses		(447,956)		(356,444)
Loans, net	$	31,568,716	$	29,821,418

(1)

Construction and land development includes loans for both commercial construction and development, as well as loans for 1-4 family construction and lot loans.

(2)

Consumer owner occupied real estate includes loans on both 1-4 family owner occupied property, as well as loans collateralized by 1-4 family owner occupied property with a business intent.

The above table reflects the loan portfolio at the amortized cost basis for the periods September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, to include net deferred costs of $64.7 million compared to net deferred costs of $49.7 million, respectively, and unamortized discount related to loans acquired of $55.2 million and $72.1 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivables of $123.1 million and $105.4 million, respectively, are accounted for separately and

reported in other assets for the periods September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company purchased loans through its acquisition of Atlantic Capital, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than an insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of those loans is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	March 1, 2022
Book value of acquired loans at acquisition	$	137,874
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition		(13,758)
Non-credit discount at acquisition		(5,943)
Carrying value or book value of acquired loans at acquisition	$	118,173

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators, including trends related to (i) the level of classified loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans (see details below), and (iv) the general economic conditions of the markets that we serve.

The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each commercial loan. Classified loans are assessed at a minimum every six months. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

●

Pass—These loans range from minimal credit risk to average, however, still acceptable credit risk.

●

Special mention—A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.

●

Substandard—A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

●

Doubtful—A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of the currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Construction and land development loans in the following table are on commercial and speculative real estate. Consumer owner occupied loans are collateralized by 1-4 family owner occupied property with a business intent.

The following tables present the credit risk profile by risk grade of commercial loans by origination year as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


		Term Loans
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of September 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving		Total
Construction and land development
Risk rating:
Pass	$	342,418	$	920,495	$	502,988	$	24,380	$	10,853	$	27,023	$	60,848	$	1,889,005
Special mention		—		11,530		1,040		9		817		473		—		13,869
Substandard		394		1,019		—		251		1,289		7,327		—		10,280
Doubtful		—		—		—		2		—		5		—		7
Total Construction and land development	$	342,812	$	933,044	$	504,028	$	24,642	$	12,959	$	34,828	$	60,848	$	1,913,161
Construction and land development
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2

Commercial non-owner occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	627,660	$	2,535,022	$	2,036,897	$	704,631	$	791,932	$	1,629,748	$	94,728	$	8,420,618
Special mention		24,499		6,089		4,074		33,091		9,935		13,889		95		91,672
Substandard		31,826		10,487		15,880		19,511		34,121		78,236		—		190,061
Doubtful		—		—		1		—		—		—		—		1
Total Commercial non-owner occupied	$	683,985	$	2,551,598	$	2,056,852	$	757,233	$	835,988	$	1,721,873	$	94,823	$	8,702,352
Commercial non-owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	51	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	51

Commercial Owner Occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	428,352	$	1,074,223	$	1,125,327	$	653,996	$	674,921	$	1,239,235	$	80,845	$	5,276,899
Special mention		1,560		33,594		22,258		12,318		9,581		27,864		8,595		115,770
Substandard		14,967		12,326		24,269		15,448		18,648		60,762		—		146,420
Doubtful		3		—		—		1		—		4		—		8
Total commercial owner occupied	$	444,882	$	1,120,143	$	1,171,854	$	681,763	$	703,150	$	1,327,865	$	89,440	$	5,539,097
Commercial owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	126	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	126

Commercial and industrial
Risk rating:
Pass	$	921,531	$	1,225,758	$	728,158	$	399,814	$	197,974	$	454,648	$	1,343,128	$	5,271,011
Special mention		8,950		12,662		10,435		3,032		4,310		1,307		14,455		55,151
Substandard		12,335		12,175		16,513		4,362		6,531		13,661		66,433		132,010
Doubtful		3		9		29		—		—		13		3		57
Total commercial and industrial	$	942,819	$	1,250,604	$	755,135	$	407,208	$	208,815	$	469,629	$	1,424,019	$	5,458,229
Commercial and industrial
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	3,551	$	2,169	$	12,798	$	381	$	765	$	831	$	395	$	20,890

Other income producing property
Risk rating:
Pass	$	49,793	$	138,439	$	100,992	$	54,040	$	43,035	$	115,214	$	37,516	$	539,029
Special mention		75		275		707		69		293		2,604		1,415		5,438
Substandard		744		632		1,776		476		546		6,430		483		11,087
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total other income producing property	$	50,612	$	139,346	$	103,475	$	54,585	$	43,874	$	124,248	$	39,414	$	555,554
Other income producing property
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Consumer owner occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	8,825	$	4,588	$	2,985	$	1,423	$	312	$	386	$	27,885	$	46,404
Special mention		239		345		19		66		274		—		—		943
Substandard		—		1		—		928		1,574		184		150		2,837
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		2		—		2
Total Consumer owner occupied	$	9,064	$	4,934	$	3,004	$	2,417	$	2,160	$	572	$	28,035	$	50,186
Consumer owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Other loans
Risk rating:
Pass	$	4,199	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,199
Special mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total other loans	$	4,199	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,199
Other loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total Commercial Loans
Risk rating:
Pass	$	2,382,778	$	5,898,525	$	4,497,347	$	1,838,284	$	1,719,027	$	3,466,254	$	1,644,950	$	21,447,165
Special mention		35,323		64,495		38,533		48,585		25,210		46,137		24,560		282,843
Substandard		60,266		36,640		58,438		40,976		62,709		166,600		67,066		492,695
Doubtful		6		9		30		3		—		24		3		75
Total Commercial Loans	$	2,478,373	$	5,999,669	$	4,594,348	$	1,927,848	$	1,806,946	$	3,679,015	$	1,736,579	$	22,222,778
Total Commercial Loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	3,551	$	2,295	$	12,849	$	381	$	765	$	833	$	395	$	21,069


		Term Loans
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving		Total
Construction and land development
Risk rating:
Pass	$	875,751	$	742,985	$	134,996	$	63,439	$	14,521	$	29,442	$	65,656	$	1,926,790
Special mention		1,643		988		268		76		7,219		2,068		—		12,262
Substandard		214		10,409		11		2,326		—		4,282		—		17,242
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		6		—		6
Total Construction and land development	$	877,608	$	754,382	$	135,275	$	65,841	$	21,740	$	35,798	$	65,656	$	1,956,300
Construction and land development
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial non-owner occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	2,245,943	$	1,849,079	$	816,791	$	959,707	$	506,350	$	1,417,397	$	108,759	$	7,904,026
Special mention		7,579		4,225		936		11,036		24,067		32,110		5,000		84,953
Substandard		13,256		25,557		609		9,383		6,472		26,366		2,257		83,900
Doubtful		—		1		—		79		—		—		—		80
Total Commercial non-owner occupied	$	2,266,778	$	1,878,862	$	818,336	$	980,205	$	536,889	$	1,475,873	$	116,016	$	8,072,959
Commercial non-owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	360	$	—	$	368

Commercial Owner Occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,046,562	$	1,136,289	$	725,040	$	709,669	$	446,497	$	1,080,522	$	75,506	$	5,220,085
Special mention		3,620		25,263		3,383		7,934		7,160		34,724		1,294		83,378
Substandard		12,861		34,210		19,962		16,502		9,487		62,808		895		156,725
Doubtful		—		—		1		—		—		4		—		5
Total commercial owner occupied	$	1,063,043	$	1,195,762	$	748,386	$	734,105	$	463,144	$	1,178,058	$	77,695	$	5,460,193
Commercial owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,143	$	—	$	833	$	—	$	1,976

Commercial and industrial
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,566,203	$	895,368	$	506,655	$	274,446	$	212,522	$	333,286	$	1,386,678	$	5,175,158
Special mention		5,885		3,782		3,401		1,859		3,378		1,316		24,347		43,968
Substandard		6,308		27,974		4,770		6,591		6,783		8,476		32,876		93,778
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		155		422		2		579
Total commercial and industrial	$	1,578,396	$	927,124	$	514,826	$	282,896	$	222,838	$	343,500	$	1,443,903	$	5,313,483
Commercial and industrial
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	4	$	2,825	$	198	$	630	$	2,214	$	2,589	$	1,742	$	10,202

Other income producing property
Risk rating:
Pass	$	149,793	$	92,887	$	60,473	$	46,189	$	47,155	$	107,436	$	46,179	$	550,112
Special mention		952		957		1,257		378		190		3,652		2,328		9,714
Substandard		876		359		1,281		300		214		11,214		1,065		15,309
Doubtful		401		—		—		—		—		136		—		537
Total other income producing property	$	152,022	$	94,203	$	63,011	$	46,867	$	47,559	$	122,438	$	49,572	$	575,672
Other income producing property
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	46	$	50	$	96

Consumer owner occupied
Risk rating:
Pass	$	5,947	$	3,124	$	1,811	$	418	$	68	$	332	$	15,910	$	27,610
Special mention		537		20		136		284		—		—		66		1,043
Substandard		13		95		12		1,614		—		202		151		2,087
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
Total Consumer owner occupied	$	6,497	$	3,239	$	1,959	$	2,316	$	69	$	534	$	16,127	$	30,741
Consumer owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Other loans
Risk rating:
Pass	$	20,989	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,989
Special mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total other loans	$	20,989	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,989
Other loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total Commercial Loans
Risk rating:
Pass	$	5,911,188	$	4,719,732	$	2,245,766	$	2,053,868	$	1,227,113	$	2,968,415	$	1,698,688	$	20,824,770
Special mention		20,216		35,235		9,381		21,567		42,014		73,870		33,035		235,318
Substandard		33,528		98,604		26,645		36,716		22,956		113,348		37,244		369,041
Doubtful		401		1		1		79		156		568		2		1,208
Total Commercial Loans	$	5,965,333	$	4,853,572	$	2,281,793	$	2,112,230	$	1,292,239	$	3,156,201	$	1,768,969	$	21,430,337
Total Commercial Loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	12	$	2,825	$	198	$	1,773	$	2,214	$	3,828	$	1,792	$	12,642

For the consumer segment, delinquency of a loan is determined by past due status. Consumer loans are automatically placed on nonaccrual status once the loan is 90 days past due. Construction and land development loans are on 1-4 properties and lots.

The following table presents the credit risk profile by past due status of consumer loans by origination year as of September 30, 2023:


	Term Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of September 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving		Total
Consumer owner occupied
Days past due:
Current	$	828,826	$	1,968,603	$	1,618,466	$	630,494	$	297,347	$	847,666	$	—	$	6,191,402
30 days past due		515		1,396		1,665		657		239		1,914		—		6,386
60 days past due		597		1,047		493		143		202		1,239		—		3,721
90 days past due		—		1,970		565		1,099		316		3,403		—		7,353
Total Consumer owner occupied	$	829,938	$	1,973,016	$	1,621,189	$	632,393	$	298,104	$	854,222	$	—	$	6,208,862
Consumer owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	18	$	49	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	96

Home equity loans
Days past due:
Current	$	5,918	$	6,092	$	3,941	$	2,250	$	553	$	12,740	$	1,311,305	$	1,342,799
30 days past due		119		47		177		—		205		733		2,708		3,989
60 days past due		—		—		20		—		87		543		688		1,338
90 days past due		—		49		—		192		1		376		353		971
Total Home equity loans	$	6,037	$	6,188	$	4,138	$	2,442	$	846	$	14,392	$	1,315,054	$	1,349,097
Home equity loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	39	$	—	$	29	$	59	$	127

Consumer
Days past due:
Current	$	260,764	$	328,849	$	155,263	$	82,260	$	65,734	$	152,306	$	186,659	$	1,231,835
30 days past due		192		262		199		273		170		1,313		12,262		14,671
60 days past due		68		270		65		84		3		1,054		6,724		8,268
90 days past due		3		236		156		18		127		1,241		1,523		3,304
Total consumer	$	261,027	$	329,617	$	155,683	$	82,635	$	66,034	$	155,914	$	207,168	$	1,258,078
Consumer
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	213	$	1,190	$	379	$	250	$	162	$	403	$	6,278	$	8,875

Construction and land development
Days past due:
Current	$	104,143	$	548,493	$	159,300	$	26,240	$	9,188	$	15,415	$	—	$	862,779
30 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		59		—		59
60 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		11		—		11
90 days past due		3		211		—		—		—		17		—		231
Total Construction and land development	$	104,146	$	548,704	$	159,300	$	26,240	$	9,188	$	15,502	$	—	$	863,080
Construction and land development
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8

Other income producing property
Days past due:
Current	$	6,329	$	43,588	$	18,825	$	4,435	$	2,558	$	38,139	$	281	$	114,155
30 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		313		—		313
60 days past due		—		—		188		—		—		—		—		188
90 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		121		—		121
Total other income producing property	$	6,329	$	43,588	$	19,013	$	4,435	$	2,558	$	38,573	$	281	$	114,777
Other income producing property
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total Consumer Loans
Days past due:
Current	$	1,205,980	$	2,895,625	$	1,955,795	$	745,679	$	375,380	$	1,066,266	$	1,498,245	$	9,742,970
30 days past due		826		1,705		2,041		930		614		4,332		14,970		25,418
60 days past due		665		1,317		766		227		292		2,847		7,412		13,526
90 days past due		6		2,466		721		1,309		444		5,158		1,876		11,980
Total Consumer Loans	$	1,207,477	$	2,901,113	$	1,959,323	$	748,145	$	376,730	$	1,078,603	$	1,522,503	$	9,793,894

Current-period gross charge-offs	$	231	$	1,239	$	406	$	289	$	162	$	442	$	6,337	$	9,106

The following table presents total loans by origination year as of September 30, 2023:

Term Loans

(Dollars in thousands)

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

As of September 30, 2023

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior

Revolving

Total

Total Loans

3,685,850

8,900,782

6,553,671

2,675,993

2,183,676

4,757,618

3,259,082

32,016,672

Current-period gross charge-offs

3,782

3,534

13,255

670

927

1,275

6,732

30,175

The following table presents the credit risk profile by past due status of consumer loans by origination year as of December 31, 2022:


	Term Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving		Total
Consumer owner occupied
Days past due:
Current	$	1,695,454	$	1,467,080	$	657,005	$	315,458	$	187,580	$	792,572	$	—	$	5,115,149
30 days past due		1,316		1,254		1,681		664		272		2,028		—		7,215
60 days past due		255		337		579		—		242		1,650		—		3,063
90 days past due		—		944		776		454		664		3,036		—		5,874
Total Consumer owner occupied	$	1,697,025	$	1,469,615	$	660,041	$	316,576	$	188,758	$	799,286	$	—	$	5,131,301
Consumer owner occupied
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	25	$	—	$	—	$	6	$	23	$	66	$	—	$	120

Home equity loans
Days past due:
Current	$	5,921	$	5,231	$	3,282	$	1,560	$	1,955	$	17,941	$	1,272,848	$	1,308,738
30 days past due		—		—		155		77		418		422		1,586		2,658
60 days past due		—		—		19		36		70		26		540		691
90 days past due		—		—		60		87		—		611		323		1,081
Total Home equity loans	$	5,921	$	5,231	$	3,516	$	1,760	$	2,443	$	19,000	$	1,275,297	$	1,313,168
Home equity loans
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	—	$	280	$	146	$	445

Consumer
Days past due:
Current	$	407,825	$	206,003	$	111,210	$	86,008	$	44,303	$	141,053	$	248,314	$	1,244,716
30 days past due		718		194		78		174		63		1,255		17,471		19,953
60 days past due		55		103		107		36		144		557		9,836		10,838
90 days past due		126		60		58		66		165		1,660		784		2,919
Total consumer	$	408,724	$	206,360	$	111,453	$	86,284	$	44,675	$	144,525	$	276,405	$	1,278,426
Consumer
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	254	$	653	$	337	$	265	$	62	$	664	$	7,979	$	10,214

Construction and land development
Days past due:
Current	$	466,475	$	351,485	$	50,472	$	14,053	$	7,006	$	13,588	$	379	$	903,458
30 days past due		2		—		—		57		23		43		—		125
60 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90 days past due		—		—		436		—		—		41		—		477
Total Construction and land development	$	466,477	$	351,485	$	50,908	$	14,110	$	7,029	$	13,672	$	379	$	904,060
Construction and land development
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	25

Other income producing property
Days past due:
Current	$	45,717	$	21,421	$	4,937	$	2,663	$	4,322	$	40,680	$	624	$	120,364
30 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		62		—		62
60 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		23		—		23
90 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		121		—		121
Total other income producing property	$	45,717	$	21,421	$	4,937	$	2,663	$	4,322	$	40,886	$	624	$	120,570
Other income producing property
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total Consumer Loans
Days past due:
Current	$	2,621,392	$	2,051,220	$	826,906	$	419,742	$	245,166	$	1,005,834	$	1,522,165	$	8,692,425
30 days past due		2,036		1,448		1,914		972		776		3,810		19,057		30,013
60 days past due		310		440		705		72		456		2,256		10,376		14,615
90 days past due		126		1,004		1,330		607		829		5,469		1,107		10,472
Total Consumer Loans	$	2,623,864	$	2,054,112	$	830,855	$	421,393	$	247,227	$	1,017,369	$	1,552,705	$	8,747,525

Current-period gross charge-offs	$	279	$	653	$	358	$	290	$	85	$	1,014	$	8,125	$	10,804

The following table presents total loans by origination year as of December 31, 2022:


	Term Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving		Total
Total Loans	$	8,589,197	$	6,907,684	$	3,112,648	$	2,533,623	$	1,539,466	$	4,173,570	$	3,321,674	$	30,177,862

Current-period gross charge-offs	$	291	$	3,478	$	556	$	2,063	$	2,299	$	4,842	$	9,917	$	23,446

The following table presents an aging analysis of past due accruing loans, segregated by class:


	30 - 59 Days		60 - 89 Days		90+ Days		Total				Non-		Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Accruing		Loans
September 30, 2023
Construction and land development	$	1,272	$	474	$	46	$	1,792	$	2,773,766	$	683	$	2,776,241
Commercial non-owner occupied		4,922		1,378		—		6,300		8,672,765		23,287		8,702,352
Commercial owner occupied		3,973		1,498		1,701		7,172		5,497,065		34,860		5,539,097
Consumer owner occupied		5,145		1,595		26		6,766		6,229,717		22,565		6,259,048
Home equity loans		3,221		949		1		4,171		1,340,574		4,352		1,349,097
Commercial and industrial		27,715		14,819		806		43,340		5,345,740		69,149		5,458,229
Other income producing property		301		288		—		589		666,059		3,683		670,331
Consumer		14,522		7,965		24		22,511		1,230,826		4,741		1,258,078
Other loans		—		—		—		—		4,199		—		4,199
	$	61,071	$	28,966	$	2,604	$	92,641	$	31,760,711	$	163,320	$	32,016,672
December 31, 2022
Construction and land development	$	2,146	$	3,653	$	—	$	5,799	$	2,853,734	$	827	$	2,860,360
Commercial non-owner occupied		1,158		978		77		2,213		8,050,321		20,425		8,072,959
Commercial owner occupied		10,748		2,059		2,231		15,038		5,410,066		35,089		5,460,193
Consumer owner occupied		6,001		744		40		6,785		5,137,950		17,307		5,162,042
Home equity loans		2,527		361		—		2,888		1,303,964		6,316		1,313,168
Commercial and industrial		24,500		11,677		1,704		37,881		5,258,473		17,129		5,313,483
Other income producing property		1,623		1,480		298		3,401		690,107		2,734		696,242
Consumer		19,713		10,655		—		30,368		1,243,660		4,398		1,278,426
Other loans		—		—		—		—		20,989		—		20,989
	$	68,416	$	31,607	$	4,350	$	104,373	$	29,969,264	$	104,225	$	30,177,862

The following table is a summary of information pertaining to nonaccrual loans by class, including loans modified for borrowers with financial difficulty as of September 30, 2023 and the information pertaining to nonaccrual loans by class, including restructured loans as of December 31, 2022:


	September 30,		Greater than		Non-accrual		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		90 Days Accruing⁽¹⁾		with no allowance⁽¹⁾		2022
Construction and land development	$	683	$	46	$	5	$	827
Commercial non-owner occupied		23,287		—		14,066		20,425
Commercial owner occupied real estate		34,860		1,701		18,344		35,089
Consumer owner occupied		22,565		26		—		17,307
Home equity loans		4,352		1		—		6,316
Commercial and industrial		69,149		806		33,632		17,129
Other income producing property		3,683		—		—		2,734
Consumer		4,741		24		—		4,398
Total loans on nonaccrual status	$	163,320	$	2,604	$	66,047	$	104,225

(1)

Greater than 90 days accruing and non-accrual with no allowance loans at September 30, 2023.

There is no interest income recognized during the period on nonaccrual loans. The Company follows its nonaccrual policy by reversing contractual interest income in the income statement when the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status. Loans on nonaccrual status in which there is no allowance assigned are individually evaluated loans that do not carry a specific reserve. See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detailed discussion on individually evaluated loans.

The following is a summary of collateral dependent loans, by type of collateral, and the extent to which they are collateralized during the period:


	September 30,		Collateral			December 31,		Collateral
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		Coverage		%	2022		Coverage		%
Commercial owner occupied real estate
Church	$	3,581	$	7,533	210%	$	—	$	—
Industrial		4,388		11,331	258%		—		—
Other		10,374		19,985	193%		14,638		38,900	266%
Commercial non-owner occupied real estate
Retail		3,327		4,950	149%		—		—
Other		13,039		27,922	214%		6,450		10,900	169%
Commercial and industrial
Other		50,378		70,035	139%		4,808		5,591	116%
Home equity loans
Residential 1-4 family dwelling		—		—			1,523		1,671	110%
Total collateral dependent loans	$	85,087	$	141,756		$	27,419	$	57,062

The Bank designates individually evaluated loans on non-accrual with a net book balance exceeding the designated threshold as collateral dependent loans. Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining ACL. Under ASC 326-20-35-6, the Bank has adopted the collateral maintenance practical expedient to measure the ACL based on the fair value of collateral. The ACL is calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan's collateral, which is adjusted for selling costs, and amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance is required. The Bank’s threshold for individually evaluated loans is $1.0 million. The significant changes above in collateral percentage are due to appraisal value updates or changes in the number of loans within the asset class and collateral type. Overall collateral dependent loans increased $57.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Loans on nonaccrual status at the date of modification are initially classified as nonaccrual. Loans on accruing status at the date of modification are initially classified as accruing if the note is reasonably assured of repayment and performance is expected in accordance with its modified terms. Such loans may be designated as nonaccrual loans subsequent to the modification date if reasonable doubt exists as to the collection of interest or principal under the modification agreement. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accruing status when there is economic substance to the modification, there is documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition, the remaining balance is reasonably assured of repayment in accordance with its modified terms, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance in accordance with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time (generally a minimum of six months). Refer to See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detailed discussion on loan modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and the losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The following tables present loans designated as modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 resulting from the adoption of ASU 2022-02, segregated by type of modification and asset class, and indicating the financial effect of the modifications. There were no modifications of this nature for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The amortized cost balance for the modified loans presented below exclude accrued interest receivable of approximately $54,000 as of September 30, 2023.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023
					Increase in
	Amortized		% of Total		Weighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Asset Class		Life of Loan
Term extension
Construction and land development	$	254		0.01%	12 months
Commercial non-owner occupied		1,250		0.01%	24 months
Commercial owner occupied real estate		7,591		0.14%	23 months
Consumer owner occupied		277		0.00%	6 months
Commercial and industrial		1,207		0.02%	6 months
Other income producing property		342		0.05%	60 months
Total term extensions	$	10,921


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023
			Reduction in Weighted	Increase in
	Amortized		Average Contractual	Weighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Interest Rate	Life of Loan
Combination- Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Consumer owner occupied	$	259	3.63 to 3.00%	20 months
Total	$	259

The Bank on occasion will enter into modification agreements which extend the maturity payoff on a loan or reduce the interest rate, for borrowers willing to continue to pay, to minimize losses for the Bank. At September 30, 2023, the Company had $3.3 million remaining in commitments to lend additional funds on loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the current reporting period.

The following table presents loans designated as TDRs segregated by class and type of concession that were restructured, for the comparative period, prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02.



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022
		Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number	Amortized		Amortized
(Dollars in thousands)	of loans	Cost		Cost
Interest rate modification
Commercial non-owner occupied	2	$	2,321	$	2,321
Commercial owner occupied	2		2,629		2,629
Commercial and industrial	1		535		535
Total interest rate modifications	5	$	5,485	$	5,485
Term modification
Commercial non-owner occupied	1	$	375	$	375
Commercial owner occupied	2		1,042		1,042
Commercial and industrial	3		3,097		3,097
Total term modifications	6		4,514		4,514
	11	$	9,999	$	9,999


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022
		Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number	Amortized		Amortized
(Dollars in thousands)	of loans	Cost		Cost
Interest rate modification
Commercial non-owner occupied	3	$	2,498	$	2,498
Commercial owner occupied	3		2,855		2,855
Consumer owner occupied	1		96		96
Commercial and industrial	5		905		905
Other income producing property	2		111		111
Total interest rate modifications	14	$	6,465	$	6,465
Term modification
Construction and land development	1	$	133	$	133
Commercial non-owner occupied	1		375		375
Commercial owner occupied	3		1,451		1,451
Commercial and industrial	3		3,097		3,097
Total term modifications	8	$	5,056	$	5,056
	22	$	11,521	$	11,521

At September 30, 2022, the balance of accruing TDRs was $12.2 million. The Company had $599,000 remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on restructured loans at September 30, 2022. The amount of specific reserve associated with restructured loans was $12.3 million at September 30, 2022.

The following table presents the changes in status of loans modified within the previous nine months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as of September 30, 2023, by type of modification. There were no subsequent defaults.


	Paying Under		Converted to		Foreclosures
	Restructured Terms		Nonaccrual		and Defaults
	Amortized		Amortized		Amortized
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Cost		Cost
Term extension
Construction and land development	$	254	$	—	$	—
Commercial non-owner occupied		1,250		—		—
Commercial owner occupied real estate		7,591		—		—
Consumer owner occupied		277		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,207		—		—
Other income producing property		342		—		—
Total term extensions	$	10,921	$	—	$	—
Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Consumer owner occupied		259		—		—
Total combinations	$	259	$	—	$	—
	$	11,180	$	—	$	—

The following table presents the changes in status of TDR loans within the previous twelve months as of September 30, 2022 by type of concession, for the comparative period, prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02. There were no subsequent defaults that resulted in a change to reserves on the individually evaluated loan.


	Paying Under			Converted to			Foreclosures and
	Restructured Terms			Nonaccrual			Defaults
	Number	Recorded		Number	Recorded		Number	Recorded
(Dollars in thousands)	of Loans	Investment		of Loans	Investment		of Loans	Investment
Interest rate modification	16	$	6,747	—	$	—	—	$	—
Term modification	9		5,354	—		—	—		—
	25	$	12,101	—	$	—	—	$	—

The following table depicts the performance of loans modified within the previous nine months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as of September 30, 2023:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
			30-89 Days		90+ Days
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		Past Due		Past Due
Construction and land development	$	254	$	—	$	—
Commercial non-owner occupied		1,250		—		—
Commercial owner occupied real estate		7,591		—		—
Consumer owner occupied		536		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,207		—		—
Other income producing property		342		—		—
Total	$	11,180	$	—	$	—