Note 14 — Fair Value

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. FASB ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Available for sale securities and derivative contracts are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, impaired loans, OREO, and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

FASB ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2 Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities

Securities available for sale are valued on a recurring basis at quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable securities. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange and The NASDAQ Stock Market, or U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities and debentures issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities held to maturity are valued at quoted market prices or dealer quotes similar to securities available for sale. The carrying value of FHLB stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions. The Level 3 security is an unrated single-issue private placement bond that was acquired in the Savannah transaction. This security is considered a Level 3 because there is not an active market for the security. Management considers the credit quality of the underlying issuer in determining the fair value of the security.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. The fair values of mortgage loans held for sale are based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. As such, the fair value adjustments for mortgage loans held for sale are nonrecurring Level 2.

Loans

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan may be considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses may be established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment using estimated fair value methodologies. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. At March 31, 2013, substantially all of the impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral because such loans were considered collateral dependent. Impaired loans, where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral, require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)

Typically non-covered OREO, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, is reported at fair value, determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of value obtained principally from independent sources, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 2). However, both non-covered and covered OREO are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because management has qualitatively applied a discount due to the size, supply of inventory, and the incremental discounts applied to the appraisals. Management also considers other factors, including changes in absorption rates, length of time the property has been on the market and anticipated sales values, which have resulted in adjustments to the collateral value estimates indicated in certain appraisals. At the time of foreclosure, any excess of the loan balance over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is treated as a charge against the allowance for loan losses. Gains or losses on sale and generally any subsequent adjustments to the value are recorded as a component of OREO expense, net of any FDIC indemnification proceeds in the case of covered OREO.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Fair value is estimated using pricing models of derivatives with similar characteristics; accordingly, the derivatives are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 16—Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information).

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

			Quoted Prices
			In Active		Significant
			Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
March 31, 2013:
Assets
Derivative financial instruments	$	290	$	—	$	290	$	—
Securities available for sale:
Government-sponsored entities debt	71,802		—		71,802		—
State and municipal obligations	148,897		—		145,083		3,814
Mortgage-backed securities	289,741		—		289,741		—
Corporate stocks	412		387		25		—
Total securities available for sale	510,852		387		506,651		3,814
	$	511,142	$	387	$	506,941	$	3,814
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	$	1,692	$	—	$	1,692	$	—

December 31, 2012:
Assets
Derivative financial instruments	$	312	$	—	$	312	$	—
Securities available for sale:
Government-sponsored entities debt	88,518		—		88,518		—
State and municipal obligations	152,799		—		148,948		3,851
Mortgage-backed securities	293,187		—		293,187		—
Corporate stocks	379		354		25		—
Total securities available for sale	534,883		354		530,678		3,851
	$	535,195	$	354	$	530,990	$	3,851
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	$	1,813	$	—	$	1,813	$	—

March 31, 2012:
Assets
Securities available for sale:
Government-sponsored entities debt	$	66,378	$	—	$	66,378	$	—
State and municipal obligations	42,008		—		42,008		—
Mortgage-backed securities	213,809		—		213,809		—
Corporate stocks	393		368		25		—
Total securities available for sale	$	322,588	$	368	$	322,220	$	—
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	$	1,280	$	—	$	1,280	$	—

Changes in Level 1, 2 and 3 Fair Value Measurements

There were no transfers between the fair value hierarchy levels during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurement. However, since Level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or Level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources), the gains and losses below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.

There were no changes in hierarchy classifications of Level 3 assets or liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2012. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2013 is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Assets			Liabilities

Fair value, January 1, 2013	$	3,851		$	—
Change in unrealized loss recognized in other comprehensive income	—			—
Total realized losses included in income	—			—
Other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in income	—			—
Purchases, issuances and settlements, net	(37		)	—
Transfers in and/or out of level 3	—			—
Fair value, March 31, 2013	$	3,814		$	—

There were no unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2013 or 2012.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

			Quoted Prices
			In Active		Significant
			Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
March 31, 2013:
OREO	$	29,508	$	—	$	—	$	29,508
Non-acquired impaired loans	4,418		—		—		4,418

December 31, 2012:
OREO	$	66,505	$	—	$	—	$	66,505
Non-acquired impaired loans	42,356		—		—		42,356

March 31, 2012:
OREO	$	37,961	$	—	$	—	$	37,961
Non-acquired impaired loans	5,491		—		—		5,491

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Measurements

The recurring level 3 security is an unrated single-issue private placement bond acquired in the Savannah transaction. Management reviewed the financial statements of the underlying issuer as of the acquisition date, December 13, 2012, to determine the fair value discount of less than one percent and periodically monitored the issuer’s credit quality for signs of impairment. Subsequent to March 31, 2013, the issuer paid off the security for $3.8 million and the Company realized a $31,000 gain on the payoff of the security.

			General
	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
Nonrecurring measurements:
Impaired loans	Discounted appraisals	Collateral discounts	0-25	%
OREO	Discounted appraisals	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	0-25	%

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those models are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rates and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument. The use of different methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012. Such amounts have not been revalued for purposes of these consolidated financial statements since those dates and, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents — The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities — Securities held to maturity are valued at quoted market prices or dealer quotes. The carrying value of FHLB stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries approximates fair value. See Note 5—Investment Securities for additional information, as well as page 37 regarding fair value.

Loans — For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential) and other consumer loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current rates offered for new loans of the same type, structure and credit quality. Fair values for other loans (e.g., commercial real estate and investment property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered by the Company for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for non-performing loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable.

FDIC Receivable for Loss Share Agreements — The fair value is estimated based on discounted future cash flows using current discount rates.

Deposit Liabilities — The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest bearing checking, passbook savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts, and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase — The carrying amount of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximate their fair values.

Other Borrowings — The fair value of other borrowings is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of instruments.

Accrued Interest — The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Commitments to Extend Credit, Standby Letters of Credit and Financial Guarantees — The fair values of commitments to extend credit are estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair values of guarantees and letters of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated costs to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

The estimated fair value, and related carrying amount, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	Carrying		Fair
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2013
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	495,869	$	495,869	$	495,869	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	533,255		534,212		8,192		522,206		3,814
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, and loans held for sale	3,577,056		3,601,445		—		50,449		3,550,996
FDIC receivable for loss share agreements	124,340		86,049		—		—		86,049
Accrued interest receivable	10,669		10,669		—		3,068		7,601
Interest rate swap — non-designated hedge	290		290		—		290		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	4,219,356		4,119,850		—		4,119,850		—
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	328,701		328,701		—		328,701		—
Other borrowings	54,638		55,712		—		55,712		—
Accrued interest payable	1,602		1,602		—		1,602		—
Interest rate swap — cash flow hedge	1,402		1,402		—		1,402		—
Interest rate swap — non-designated hedge	290		290		—		290		—
Off balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	—		6,208		—		6,208		—
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees	—		—		—		—		—

December 31, 2012
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	380,730	$	380,730	$	380,730	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	560,091		561,204		10,122		547,231		3,851
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, and loans held for sale	3,634,514		3,665,070		—		65,279		3,599,791
FDIC receivable for loss share agreements	146,171		101,898		—		—		101,898
Accrued interest receivable	8,190		8,190		—		8,190		—
Interest rate swap — non-designated hedge	312		312		—		312		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	4,298,360		4,216,800		—		4,216,800		—
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	238,621		238,621		—		238,621		—
Other borrowings	54,897		57,903		—		57,903		—
Accrued interest payable	2,045		2,045		—		2,045		—
Interest rate swap — cash flow hedge	1,501		1,501		—		1,501		—
Interest rate swap — non-designated hedge	312		312		—		312		—
Off balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	—		7,371		—		7,371		—
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees	—		—		—		—		—

	Carrying		Fair
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2012
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	403,222	$	403,222	$	403,222	—	—
Investment securities	357,448		358,544		18,660		339,884	—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, and loans held for sale	2,759,202		2,787,818		—		34,706	2,753,112
FDIC receivable for loss share agreements	231,331		143,643		—		—	143,643
Accrued interest receivable	9,253		9,253		—		9,253	—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	3,356,637		3,324,145		—		3,324,145	—
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	235,412		235,412		—		235,412	—
Other borrowings	46,397		49,128		—		49,128	—
Accrued interest payable	1,688		1,688		—		1,688	—
Interest rate swap — cash flow hedge	1,280		1,280		—		1,280	—
Off balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	—		7,025		—		7,025	—
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees	—		—		—		—	—