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Fair value measurement
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 27 Fair value measurement

ASC Subtopic 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels in order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and disclosures. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

  • Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date. Valuation on these instruments does not necessitate a significant degree of judgment since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily available in an active market.
  • Level 2 - Quoted prices other than those included in Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
  • Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation's own assumptions about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The Corporation maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices when available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, the Corporation employs internally-developed models that primarily use market-based inputs including yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, and credit curves, among others. Valuation adjustments are limited to those necessary to ensure that the financial instrument's fair value is adequately representative of the price that would be received or paid in the marketplace. These adjustments include amounts that reflect counterparty credit quality, the Corporation's credit standing, constraints on liquidity and unobservable parameters that are applied consistently. There have been no changes in the Corporation's methodologies used to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities since December 31, 2013. Refer to the Critical Accounting Policies / Estimates in the 2012 Annual Report for additional information on the accounting guidance and the Corporation's policies or procedures related to fair value measurements.

The estimated fair value may be subjective in nature and may involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment for certain financial instruments. Changes in the underlying assumptions used in calculating fair value could significantly affect the results.

Fair Value on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about the Corporation's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial recognition for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

At September 30, 2014
        
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
         
RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS        
         
Assets         
Investment securities available-for-sale:        
U.S. Treasury securities$ -$ 592,810$ -$ 592,810
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities  -  1,973,405  -  1,973,405
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions  -  66,118  -  66,118
Collateralized mortgage obligations - federal agencies  -  2,135,074  -  2,135,074
Collateralized mortgage obligations - private label  -  6  -  6
Mortgage-backed securities  -  938,643  5,926  944,569
Equity securities  303  3,938  -  4,241
Other  -  11,543  -  11,543
Total investment securities available-for-sale$ 303$ 5,721,537$ 5,926$ 5,727,766
         
Trading account securities, excluding derivatives:        
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions$ -$ 8,194$ -$ 8,194
Collateralized mortgage obligations  -  300  1,449  1,749
Mortgage-backed securities - federal agencies  -  110,468  7,534  118,002
Other  -  16,047  1,351  17,398
Total trading account securities $ -$ 135,009$ 10,334$ 145,343
Mortgage servicing rights$ -$ -$ 152,282$ 152,282
Derivatives   -  25,850  -  25,850
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis$ 303$ 5,882,396$ 168,542$ 6,051,241
Liabilities        
Derivatives$ -$ (23,796)$ -$ (23,796)
Contingent consideration  -  -  (126,473)  (126,473)
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis$ -$ (23,796)$ (126,473)$ (150,269)
         

At December 31, 2013
        
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
         
RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS        
         
Assets         
Investment securities available-for-sale:        
U.S. Treasury securities$ -$ 28,482$ -$ 28,482
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities  -  1,629,205  -  1,629,205
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions  -  66,377  -  66,377
Collateralized mortgage obligations - federal agencies  -  2,418,296  -  2,418,296
Collateralized mortgage obligations - private label  -  513  -  513
Mortgage-backed securities  -  1,129,118  6,523  1,135,641
Equity securities  412  3,704  -  4,116
Other  -  12,170  -  12,170
Total investment securities available-for-sale$ 412$ 5,287,865$ 6,523$ 5,294,800
         
Trading account securities, excluding derivatives:        
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions$ -$ 7,586$ -$ 7,586
Collateralized mortgage obligations  -  426  1,423  1,849
Mortgage-backed securities - federal agencies  -  302,952  9,799  312,751
Other  -  15,545  1,929  17,474
Total trading account securities $ -$ 326,509$ 13,151$ 339,660
Mortgage servicing rights$ -$ -$ 161,099$ 161,099
Derivatives   -  34,793  -  34,793
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis$ 412$ 5,649,167$ 180,773$ 5,830,352
Liabilities        
Derivatives$ -$ (32,378)$ -$ (32,378)
Contingent consideration  -  -  (128,299)  (128,299)
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis$ -$ (32,378)$ (128,299)$ (160,677)
         

Nine months ended September 30, 2014
          
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total  
           
NONRECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS          
Assets          Write-downs
 Loans[1]$ -$ -$ 53,796$ 53,796$ (31,037)
 Loans held-for-sale[2]  -  -  87,427  87,427  (38)
 Other real estate owned[3]  -  4,605  74,631  79,236  (26,895)
 Other foreclosed assets[3]  -  -  1,612  1,612  (1,269)
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$ -$ 4,605$ 217,466$ 222,071$ (59,239)

1] Relates mostly to certain impaired collateral dependent loans. The impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Section 310-10-35. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount

[2] Relates to lower of cost or fair value adjustments on loans held-for-sale and loans transferred from loans held-in-portfolio to loans held-for-sale. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

[3] Represents the fair value of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were written down to their fair value. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

Nine months ended September 30, 2013
          
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total  
            
NONRECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS          
Assets          Write-downs
 Loans[1]$ -$ -$ 31,628$ 31,628$ (29,847)
 Loans held-for-sale[2]  -  -  -  -  (364,820)
 Other real estate owned[3]  -  3,094  74,114  77,208  (37,833)
 Other foreclosed assets[3]  -  -  407  407  (261)
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$ -$ 3,094$ 106,149$ 109,243$ (432,761)

[1] Relates mostly to certain impaired collateral dependent loans. The impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Section 310-10-35.Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

[2] Relates to lower of cost or fair value adjustments on loans held-for-sale and loans transferred from loans held-in-portfolio to loans held-for-sale. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

[3] Represents the fair value of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were written down to their fair value. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

The following tables present the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.

 Quarter ended September 30, 2014
  MBS    Other        
  classifiedCMOs  securities        
  as investmentclassifiedMBS classified        
  securitiesas tradingclassified asas tradingMortgage    
  available-accounttrading accountaccountservicingTotalContingentTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiessecuritiessecuritiesrightsassetsconsiderationliabilities
Balance at June 30, 2014$ 6,169$ 1,494$ 7,802$ 1,283$ 151,951$ 168,699$ (127,551)$ (127,551)
Gains (losses) included in earnings  (1)  2  (20)  70  (2,588)  (2,537)  1,078  1,078
Gains (losses) included in OCI  (20)  -  -  -  -  (20)  -  -
Additions  -  7  127  -  2,919  3,053  -  -
Settlements  (222)  (55)  (376)  -  -  (653)  -  -
Balance at September 30, 2014$ 5,926$ 1,448$ 7,533$ 1,353$ 152,282$ 168,542$ (126,473)$ (126,473)
Changes in unrealized gains                
 (losses) included in earnings                 
 relating to assets still held                
 at September 30, 2014$ -$ 2$ (4)$ 107$ 2,528$ 2,633$ 1,078$ 1,078

 Nine months ended September 30, 2014
  MBS    Other        
  classifiedCMOs  securities        
  as investmentclassifiedMBS classified        
  securitiesas tradingclassified asas tradingMortgage    
  available-accounttrading accountaccountservicingTotalContingentTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiessecuritiessecuritiesrightsassetsconsiderationliabilities
Balance at January 1, 2014$ 6,523$ 1,423$ 9,799$ 1,929$ 161,099$ 180,773$ (128,299)$ (128,299)
Gains (losses) included in earnings  (4)  (9)  (134)  (576)  (18,424)  (19,147)  1,040  1,040
Gains (losses) included in OCI  (100)  -  -  -  -  (100)  -  -
Additions  -  270  778  -  9,611  10,659  -  -
Sales  -  -  (1,109)  -  -  (1,109)  -  -
Settlements  (493)  (236)  (1,801)  -  (4)  (2,534)  786  786
Balance at September 30, 2014$ 5,926$ 1,448$ 7,533$ 1,353$ 152,282$ 168,542$ (126,473)$ (126,473)
Changes in unrealized gains                
 (losses) included in earnings                 
 relating to assets still held                
 at September 30, 2014$ -$ (5)$ (70)$ (424)$ (3,314)$ (3,813)$ 1,040$ 1,040

 Quarter ended September 30, 2013
  MBS    Other        
  classifiedCMOs  securities        
  as investmentclassifiedMBS classified        
  securitiesas tradingclassified asas tradingMortgage    
  available-accounttrading accountaccountservicingTotalContingentTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiessecuritiessecuritiesrightsassetsconsiderationliabilities
Balance at June 30, 2013$ 6,756$ 1,653$ 10,335$ 2,042$ 153,444$ 174,230$ (119,253)$ (119,253)
Gains (losses) included in earnings  (2)  (4)  83  (69)  3,879  3,887  (5,322)  (5,322)
Gains (losses) included in OCI  44  -  -  -  -  44  -  -
Additions  -  -  343  -  4,910  5,253  -  -
Sales  -  (103)  (100)  -  -  (203)  -  -
Settlements  (100)  (67)  (625)  -  (788)  (1,580)  -  -
Balance at September 30, 2013$ 6,698$ 1,479$ 10,036$ 1,973$ 161,445$ 181,631$ (124,575)$ (124,575)
Changes in unrealized gains                
 (losses) included in earnings                 
 relating to assets still held                
 at September 30, 2013$ -$ 1$ 135$ -$ 9,342$ 9,478$ (5,322)$ (5,322)

 Nine months ended September 30, 2013
  MBS    Other        
  classifiedCMOs  securities        
  as investmentclassifiedMBS classified        
  securitiesas tradingclassified asas tradingMortgage    
  available-accounttrading accountaccountservicingTotalContingentTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiessecuritiessecuritiesrightsassetsconsiderationliabilities
Balance at January 1, 2013$ 7,070$ 2,499$ 11,818$ 2,240$ 154,430$ 178,057$ (112,002)$ (112,002)
Gains (losses) included in earnings  (5)  (3)  (91)  (267)  (6,862)  (7,228)  (12,573)  (12,573)
Gains (losses) included in OCI  (42)  -  -  -  -  (42)  -  -
Additions  -  25  601  -  15,107  15,733  -  -
Sales  -  (802)  (100)  -  -  (902)  -  -
Settlements  (325)  (240)  (2,192)  -  (1,230)  (3,987)  -  -
Balance at September 30, 2013$ 6,698$ 1,479$ 10,036$ 1,973$ 161,445$ 181,631$ (124,575)$ (124,575)
Changes in unrealized gains                
 (losses) included in earnings                 
 relating to assets still held                
 at September 30, 2013$ -$ 4$ 90$ (7)$ 13,355$ 13,442$ (12,573)$ (12,573)

There were no transfers in and / or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.

Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) included in earnings for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 for Level 3 assets and liabilities included in the previous tables are reported in the consolidated statement of operations as follows:

 

 Quarter ended September 30, 2014Nine months ended September 30, 2014
   Changes in unrealized  Changes in unrealized
 Total gainsgains (losses) relating toTotal gainsgains (losses) relating to
 (losses) includedassets still held at(losses) includedassets still held at
(In thousands)in earningsreporting datein earningsreporting date
Interest income$ (1)$ -$ (4)$ -
FDIC loss share (expense) income  1,078  1,078  1,040  1,040
Mortgage banking activities  (2,588)  2,528  (18,424)  (3,314)
Trading account profit (loss)  52  105  (719)  (499)
Total $ (1,459)$ 3,711$ (18,107)$ (2,773)

 Quarter ended September 30, 2013Nine months ended September 30, 2013
   Changes in unrealized  Changes in unrealized
 Total gainsgains (losses) relating toTotal gainsgains (losses) relating to
 (losses) includedassets still held at(losses) includedassets still held at
(In thousands)in earningsreporting datein earningsreporting date
Interest income$ (2)$ -$ (5)$ -
FDIC loss share (expense) income  (5,322)  (5,322)  (12,573)  (12,573)
Mortgage banking activities 3,879 9,342 (6,862) 13,355
Trading account profit (loss) 10 136 (361) 87
Total $(1,435)$4,156$(19,801)$869

The following table includes quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used to derive the fair value of Level 3 instruments, excluding those instruments for which the unobservable inputs were not developed by the Corporation such as prices of prior transactions and/or unadjusted third-party pricing sources.

   Fair value    
  at September 30,    
(In thousands) 2014 Valuation techniqueUnobservable inputsWeighted average (range) 
CMO's - trading$ 1,449Discounted cash flow modelWeighted average life2.2 years (0.6 - 5.0 years) 
     Yield3.9% (1.4% - 4.7%) 
     Constant prepayment rate23.9% (19.5% - 27.1%) 
Other - trading$ 816Discounted cash flow modelWeighted average life 5.5years
     Yield 12.0%
     Constant prepayment rate 10.8%
Mortgage servicing rights$ 152,282Discounted cash flow modelPrepayment speed7.8% (5.6% - 23.1%) 
     Weighted average life12.8 years (4.3- 18.0 years) 
     Discount rate11.3% (9.5% - 15.0%) 
Contingent consideration$ (126,473)Discounted cash flow modelCredit loss rate on covered loans8.1% (0.0% - 100.0%) 
     Risk premium component  
     of discount rate 5.0%
Loans held-in-portfolio$ 53,136[1]External appraisalHaircut applied on  
     external appraisals16.5% (15.0% - 25.0%) 
Other real estate owned$ 79,236[2]External appraisalHaircut applied on  
     external appraisals15.5% (5.0% -35.0%) 
Other foreclosed assets$ 1,465[3]External appraisalHaircut applied on  
     external appraisals3.0% (1.0% -6.0%) 

[1] Loans held-in-portfolio in which haircuts were not applied to external appraisals were excluded from this table.

[2] Other real estate owned in which haircuts were not applied to external appraisals were excluded from this table.

[3] Other foreclosed assets in which haircuts were not applied to external appraisals were excluded from this table.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's collateralized mortgage obligations and interest-only collateralized mortgage obligation (reported as “other”), which are classified in the “trading” category, are yield, constant prepayment rate, and weighted average life. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the constant prepayment rate will generate a directionally opposite change in the weighted average life. For example, as the average life is reduced by a higher constant prepayment rate, a lower yield will be realized, and when there is a reduction in the constant prepayment rate, the average life of these collateralized mortgage obligations will extend, thus resulting in a higher yield. These particular financial instruments are valued internally by the Corporation's investment banking and broker-dealer unit utilizing internal valuation techniques. The unobservable inputs incorporated into the internal discounted cash flow models used to derive the fair value of collateralized mortgage obligations and interest-only collateralized mortgage obligation (reported as “other”), which are classified in the “trading” category, are reviewed by the Corporation's Corporate Treasury unit on a quarterly basis. In the case of Level 3 financial instruments which fair value is based on broker quotes, the Corporation's Corporate Treasury unit reviews the inputs used by the broker-dealers for reasonableness utilizing information available from other published sources and validates that the fair value measurements were developed in accordance with ASC Topic 820. The Corporate Treasury unit also substantiates the inputs used by validating the prices with other broker-dealers, whenever possible.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's mortgage servicing rights are constant prepayment rates and discount rates. Increases in interest rates may result in lower prepayments. Discount rates vary according to products and / or portfolios depending on the perceived risk. Increases in discount rates result in a lower fair value measurement. The Corporation's Corporate Comptroller's unit is responsible for determining the fair value of MSRs, which is based on discounted cash flow methods based on assumptions developed by an external service provider, except for prepayment speeds, which are adjusted internally for the local market based on historical experience. The Corporation's Corporate Treasury unit validates the economic assumptions developed by the external service provider on a quarterly basis. In addition, an analytical review of prepayment speeds is performed quarterly by the Corporate Comptroller's unit. Significant variances in prepayment speeds are investigated by the Corporate Treasury unit. The Corporation's MSR Committee analyzes changes in fair value measurements of MSRs and approves the valuation assumptions at each reporting period. Changes in valuation assumptions must also be approved by the MSR Committee. The fair value of MSRs are compared with those of the external service provider on a quarterly basis in order to validate if the fair values are within the materiality thresholds established by management to monitor and investigate material deviations. Back-testing is performed to compare projected cash flows with actual historical data to ascertain the reasonability of the projected net cash flow results.