EX-13.1 4 d626440dex131.htm EX-13.1 EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

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POPULAR®


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CONTENTS/ÍNDICE 1 Popular, Inc. Year in Review 3 Fast Facts 5 Our Values 6 Puerto Rico In the Face of Change 8 Key Drivers Behind Solid Performance 9 Succeeding in a Challenging Regulatory Environment 10 A Transformative 2013 Supported By A Robust Infrastructure 11 Popular, Inc. Management 12 25-Year Historical Financial Summary 14 Our Creed/Our People 15 Popular, Inc. – Resumen del Año 17 Cifras a la Mano 19 Nuestros Valores 20 Puerto Rico de Cara al Cambio 22 Impulsores Claves de un Desempeño Sólido 23 Teniendo Éxito en un Ambiente Legal y Regulatorio Desafiante 24 Un 2013 Transformador Apoyado por una Infraestructura Robusta 25 Popular, Inc. Gerencia 26 Resumen Financiero Histórico – 25 Años 28 Nuestro Credo/Nuestra Gente Popular, Inc. (NASDAQ:BPOP) is a full-service, financial provider based in Puerto Rico with operations in Puerto Rico and the United States. In Puerto Rico, Popular is the leading banking institution by both assets and deposits and ranks among the largest 40 banks in the U.S. by assets. With 180 branches in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Popular offers retail and commercial banking services, as well as auto and equipment leasing and financing, mortgage loans, insurance, investment banking and broker-dealer services. In the United States, Popular has established a community-banking franchise, doing business as Popular Community Bank, providing a broad range of financial services and products with branches in New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Florida and California. Popular, Inc. (NASDAQ: BPOP) es un proveedor financiero de servicio completo con sede en Puerto Rico y operaciones en Puerto Rico y los Estados Unidos. En Puerto Rico es la institución bancaria líder tanto en activos como en depósitos y se encuentra entre los 40 bancos más grandes de Estados Unidos por total de activos. Con 180 sucursales en Puerto Rico y las Islas Vírgenes, Popular ofrece servicios bancarios a individuos y comercios, así como arrendamiento y financiamiento de autos y equipo, préstamos hipotecarios, seguros, banca de inversión y transacciones de corredores de valores. En los Estados Unidos, Popular ha establecido una franquicia bancaria de base comunitaria, que opera bajo el nombre de Popular Community Bank y provee una amplia gama de servicios y productos financieros, con sucursales en Nueva York, Nueva Jersey, Illinois, Florida y California.


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t Popular, Inc. Year In Review POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t RICHARD L. CARRIÓN Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer I am pleased to report that Popular generated strong financial results in 2013. Our financial performance was driven by robust revenues and improving credit trends, which helped offset the impact of low demand stemming from continued economic weakness in Puerto Rico, our main market. We made considerable progress in our primary areas of focus: credit quality, business growth, our U.S. operation, and efficiency and organizational excellence. CREDIT QUALITY Credit quality has been a particular area of intense focus for all financial institutions since the financial crisis of 2008, and we are no different. I am pleased by the steady progress we have made in recent years in improving our credit metrics. But 2013 was truly a turnaround year. • Non-performing assets declined dramatically, from $2 billion or 5.5 percent of assets in 2012 to $932 million or 2.6 percent of assets by the end of 2013. • This improvement was the result of a combination of strategies. During the year, we completed two bulk sales involving approximately $944 million in non-performing assets which included commercial, construction and mortgage loans as well as commercial and residential other real estate owned. In addition, our credit administration groups continued working diligently on our loss mitigation efforts and loan resolutions and restructurings. • Other encouraging results include significant reductions in net charge-offs, excluding the impact of the bulk sales, and a substantial decline in non-performing loan inflows when compared to 2012. Despite the continued weakness of the Puerto Rico economy, we have not seen significant signs of stress in our loan portfolio in Puerto Rico. We remain cautious, but are encouraged by ongoing stability in our credit quality indicators. Expanded Insights We have redesigned our annual report to provide you additional outlooks and insights into our operations and markets. In their own words, the managers who lead some of the most vital areas of our Corporation walk you through the drivers behind our strategies to maximize long-term shareholder value. In addition to our annual shareholders letter that outlines key performance indicators, we have included a deeper look into our financial performance, as well as viewpoints about our main market in Puerto Rico, our risk-management blueprint and the increasingly challenging regulatory environment. BUSINESS GROWTH In 2013, we continued to identify potential areas where we could grow our business to offset the impact of the challenging economic environment. Despite market conditions in Puerto Rico, we continued strengthening our competitive position on the island, increasing our market share in most product categories and further distancing ourselves from other financial providers. • Our total loan book increased by 4 percent in 2013, driven mainly by an increase in mortgage balances. The growth of our 1


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t Popular, Inc. POPULAR STOCK PRICE CHANGE VS PEERS (2013) Percent 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 12/12 1/13 2/13 3/13 4/13 5/13 6/13 7/13 8/13 9/13 10/13 11/13 12/13 BPOP PR PEER AVG. US PEER AVG. KBW INDEX In 2013, we continued to identify potential areas where we could grow our business to offset the impact of the challenging economic environment. Despite market conditions in Puerto Rico, we continued strengthening our competitive position on the island, increasing our market share in most product categories and further distancing ourselves from other financial providers. mortgage portfolio was the result of strong origination volume, supplemented with several portfolio acquisitions amounting to approximately $761 million. • Initiatives to grow our auto financing business also yielded very positive results, leading to a 13 percent increase in this portfolio. • The commercial loan portfolio increased by 3 percent, with higher activity in the corporate segment offsetting lower demand in the small and middle segments, which are more susceptible to weak economic conditions. Though we are not expecting an improvement in market conditions in Puerto Rico in the short term, we have proved that we can generate healthy revenues, even in trying times, and are uniquely poised to benefit from an eventual economic recovery. POPULAR COMMUNITY BANK Popular Community Bank (PCB) has made significant progress in recent years. • Financial results have improved substantially as a result of lower credit costs and effective expense management. • However, slow demand for commercial loans remains the biggest challenge. As a result, we launched a series of niche lending initiatives to generate additional loan volume. While these efforts are still in a development stage, we have observed encouraging results in several of them. In addition, we took advantage of several opportunities to acquire loan portfolios, adding approximately $411 million in mortgages to our loan book. We still have a long way to go with regards to PCB. But these improvements put PCB in a better position and grant us greater flexibility as we evaluate strategic alternatives for our U.S. operation. Fundamental Resources And Skills Of course, the successful execution of current and future business strategies at Popular depends on the quality of our organization’s 2


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FAST FACTS 2 0 1 3 H I G H L I G H T S fundamental resources and skills, such as talent management, analytics, efficiency and customer service. We continue to make great strides in this important area. • We have revamped key talent management processes to ensure we attract, develop and retain the best talent available in our markets. • We are working to implement the necessary tools and enhance current Percent 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NET INTEREST MARGIN (NON-FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT) skills to raise our analytical capabilities in order to facilitate timely and 2008Y 2009Y 2010Y 2011Y 2012Y 2013Y well-informed decision-making. • We have expanded the scope of our efficiency and process redesign efforts POPULAR (consolidated) BANCO POPULAR PUERTO RICO US PEER MEDIAN1 based on the LEAN methodology, reaching more areas and training more employees to ensure the sustainability of the changes and the continuity of the program. • We continued the careful measurement of customer satisfaction levels to be able to identify those initiatives that are yielding positive results and adjust those that are not. Since the formal program was launched several years ago, we have observed an improvement Percent 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NON-PERFORMING LOANS TO LOANS in customer satisfaction metrics. These areas are regularly reviewed at the highest management level and we are extremely pleased with the changes we are seeing across the organization. We are 2010 POPULAR 2011 PUERTO RICO PEER AVG.2 2012 US PEER AVG.1 2013 aware that the rapid pace of change requires constant monitoring and evolution to ensure that the organization is well-equipped to achieve current and future goals, and we are committed to dedicating the required attention and resources to that purpose. All of the efforts I have described have one objective in common: to continue growing and strengthening our organization for the Percent 25 20 15 10 5 0 5.0%4 KEY CAPITAL ADEQUACY METRICS 6.0%4 10.0%4 benefit of our shareholders. Our capital levels remain strong and above those of peer institutions. During 2013, we further bolstered our capital with the sale EXCESS CAPITAL 4 Tier 1 Common Tier 1 Capital Total Capital $2.3bn $3.1bn $2.4bn of a portion of our shares of EVERTEC, our former processing subsidiary. After-tax POPULAR - 2013 Source: SNL Financial for peer data US PEER MEDIAN1 - 2013 CCAR MEDIAN3 - 2013 gains generated in the initial public offering and two additional subsequent sales totaled $413 million. With a 14.9 percent stake, we 1 U.S. Peers include Comerica, Inc., Huntington Bancshares, Inc., Zions Bancorporation, First Niagara Financial Group, Inc., Synovus Financial Corporation, First Horizon National Corp., City National Corp., Associated Banc-Corp and First Citizens Bancshares Inc. ² P.R. Peers include Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria PR (BBVA PR was acquired by Oriental Financial Group in 2012), Banco Santander Puerto Rico, Doral Bank, FirstBank Puerto Rico, Oriental Bank & Trust and Scotiabank of Puerto Rico 3 CCAR banks include JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, U.S. Bancorp, PNC, Capital One, BB&T, SunTrust, Fifth Third, Regions, and KeyCorp Minimum regulatory requirements for well-capitalized institutions and CCAR minimum under stress 3 POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t Popular, Inc. Year In Review If I have learned one thing in recent years, it is that our people, 8,000 strong, thrive in the most difficult of times and outdo themselves under challenging circumstances. remain a large shareholder of EVERTEC, which continues to be an important business partner and a source of income for Popular. Given our strong capital levels, there has been significant interest regarding the timing and structure of an eventual repayment of TARP funds. We are eager and ready to repay TARP. In October of 2013, we submitted a formal application to our regulators indicating our desire to repay and we remain in constant communication with them regarding this matter. While we cannot provide specific details on the repayment plan yet, let me reassure you that our objective is, and has always been, to repay these funds in a manner that is most beneficial for our shareholders. The upward trend in our stock price during 2012 continued in the early months of 2013, and the stock price had risen 65 percent by mid-August. However, the share price began to deteriorate as concerns with Puerto Rico’s fiscal and economic situation began to grow. Notwithstanding the decline in the second half of the year, BPOP closed 2013 at $28.73, an increase of 38 percent when compared with 2012. OUR ORGANIZATION As we announced in January of 2013, Jorge A. Junquera, who had served as our Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for 16 years, assumed the role of Vice-Chairman and Special Assistant to the CEO. Carlos J. Vázquez, who has held various important positions in our organization, succeeded Jorge as CFO. The transition was better than seamless, with both Jorge and Carlos growing into their new roles for the benefit of the organization. Our Board of Directors also received a significant inflow of talent and energy with the appointment of Joaquín E. Bacardí, III and John W. Diercksen. Mr. Bacardí is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Bacardi Corporation, a major producer and distributor of rum and other spirits. He brings extensive experience in the development and implementation of international marketing, sales and distribution strategies from more than 20 years of service at Bacardí. Mr. Diercksen was an Executive Vice President of Verizon Communications, Inc., responsible for key strategic initiatives related to the review and assessment of potential mergers, acquisitions and divestitures. Joaquín and John bring valuable skills and experience to Popular that will undoubtedly enrich our Board’s discussions and decisions. Popular has a first- rate Board of Directors and I consider it a privilege to have their guidance and support. I extend my most sincere gratitude to all of the Directors for their continued leadership. The year 2013 marked our 120th anniversary. Throughout 2013, we celebrated our history and reaffirmed our values, recognizing that they are at the core of everything we do. These values clearly spell out our commitment to our customers, our employees, our communities and our shareholders, as well as the principles that guide our behavior – innovation, integrity and excellence. In conclusion, we are proud of Popular’s achievements in 2013, but we are far from satisfied. The year 2014 brings its own set of challenges. The Puerto Rican economy has not recovered as we expected a year ago, and the island’s fiscal troubles will likely complicate matters going forward. Our operations in the U. S., while improving, are still not where we need them to be. Meanwhile, the regulatory environment and its requirements place increasing pressure on all financial institutions. Still, I am confident we are facing these challenges from a position of strength. Our revenue-generating capacity is formidable, thanks to our unique franchise in Puerto Rico. After a multi-year effort, credit quality is at or close to normalized levels. We continue to have a robust capital base, even as we seek to repay TARP. We are actively evaluating alternatives to improve the performance of our operations in the U.S. And we have buttressed those areas responsible for managing heightened regulatory requirements. If I have learned one thing in recent years, it is that our people, 8,000 strong, thrive in the most difficult of times and outdo themselves under challenging circumstances. We are aware of the headwinds we are facing, but we are also optimistic about the opportunities that lie ahead of us. We have clear objectives, the right team to pursue them and the determination to achieve them.I thank you for your continued support. Sincerely, RICHARD L. CARRIÓN CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 4


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t Our Values Social Commitment We work hand-in-hand with our communities. We are committed to actively promote the social and economic well-being of our communities. Customer We develop life-long relationships. Our relationship with the customer takes precedence over any particular transaction. We add value to each interaction by offering high quality personalized service, and efficient and innovative solutions. Integrity We live up to the trust placed in us. We adhere to the strictest ethical and moral standards through our daily decisions and action. Excellence We strive to excel each day. We believe there is only one way to do things: doing them right the first time while exceeding expectations. Innovation We are a driving force for progress. We foster a constant search for innovative ideas and solutions in everything we do, thus enhancing our competitive advantage. Our People Performance We have the best talent. We are leaders and work together as a team in a caring and disciplined environment. We are fully committed to our shareholders. We aim to attain a high level of efficiency, both individually and as a team, to achieve superior and consistent financial results based on a long-term vision. 5


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t Puerto Rico In the Face of Change The inauguration of the former art-deco headquarters of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico on April 11, 1939 sent a strong message of local resilience near the end of The Great Depression, from which Puerto Rico recovered to transform its economy from agrarian to industrial. Today, the building in the historic Old San Juan hosts the Banco Popular Foundation, a full-fledged branch and an exhibition hall where it explores socioeconomic issues of Puerto Rico. RicHARd cARRión Chairman, President and Chief Executive OfficerPUeRto Rico is on tHe cUsP oF An iMPoRtAnt tRAnsFoRMAtion. The legacy of decades of fiscal mismanagement and the toll of a prolonged recession have combined with a shifting global economy and a lower risk tolerance in the wake of the international financial crisis to create what some have called a perfect storm. 6 Without minimizing the extent of the challenges Puerto Rico faces, we remain optimistic about the prospects of Puerto Rico emerging from the current situation with a stronger and more vibrant economy. This optimism does not stem from blind faith. It comes from experience. The 120-year history of Popular has allowed us to witness events such as a change in sovereignty, two world wars, the Great Depression and devastating hurricanes. Throughout this history, we have seen Puerto Rico transform itself time and time again, a testament to our resilience and resourcefulness. The most important metamorphosis of the last century – the economy’s transformation from agrarian to industrial – produced a dramatic increase in standards of living, a gross domestic product per capita that, despite the recent years of stagnation, is the highest in Latin America and a manufacturing infrastructure that is recognized around the world for its leadership in pharmaceutical and medical- device products. We are now at the threshold of a second economic transformation – from an industrial to a knowledge-based and services economy. Readymade infrastructure, tested human capital, high enrollment in local universities, a modern communications and transportation infrastructure and a


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t solid legal and institutional framework are pillars Puerto Rico can build on. Leading institutional investors are taking notice. …we look forward to the opportunities that will arise from this important moment in our history, just as they have from past junctures… Stateside and local investors have purchased $1.6 billion in commercial and real estate assets in a span of three years. The local government has taken major steps toward addressing its fiscal issues and has enacted serious reforms to its public- pension system. We see a path of fiscal reconstruction similar to various countries with similar debt levels that, after serious fiscal reforms, have regained market access at favorable rates. Additional changes, however, are necessary to speed up an economic recovery and put the economy on a track of sustainable growth. Two areas we see as requiring urgent attention are energy and taxes. Reducing the high cost of energy on our island will liberate substantial capital for businesses and consumers and is critical to the long-term competitiveness of the island. Puerto Rico’s public electric utility sold energy to consumers, businesses and manufacturers at an average of 26 cents per kWh for the past three years. That is nearly three times more expensive than the average retail price of electricity per U.S. state (10.6 kWh). Opening energy generation to private and public-private partnerships can lower energy costs by generating competition and facilitate investment in natural gas and other clean sources of energy. Overhauling our tax system can generate greater stability in revenues, promote self-sufficiency and relieve workers and businesses from carrying the tax burden of a substantially large cash economy. New levies have generated additional revenues in the current fiscal year. While this has provided some relief to the government, we see it as only a short-term solution, not a long-term policy. There is room to maneuver into a more equitable and productive tax system. For example, while income taxes generated 30% of revenues in fiscal 2012, property taxes only accounted for about 4% of revenues. Most of the island’s residences are exempt from paying property taxes. Amid current economic pressures, Puerto Rico would be served best by a tax system that is more efficient to administer, simpler to comply with and better tuned to the island’s economic realities and persistent evasion. These actions are feasible. There is consensus across diverse circles that these two major issues need to be addressed. The private sector also has to adjust to these new economic realities by developing new products and services and finding untapped markets. Puerto Rican businesses can leverage our unique position in the hemisphere, which benefits from our relationship with the largest economy in the world as well as our cultural affinity with Latin America. We are encouraged by the healthy level of reinvention we see among the 1.5 million clients we serve at Banco Popular. We have financed acquisitions of nonoperational plants for local businesses that have successfully turned them into multipurpose operations serving local and regional markets. We are seeing new opportunities unfold in the tourism sector, which has recently drawn substantial investments from local and stateside investors, as it registered the highest number of hotel check-ins and occupancy rate in the last eight years. We are encouraged by plans to revitalize old industries with potential in the current global economy like the sugar cane industry, which can generate economic activity by helping lower the production costs of local rum distilleries that currently buy raw materials in international markets. We are inspired by the resolve of entrepreneurs and technicians who with hard work and careful study have expanded their local businesses to international markets. These are some pixels that form part of a larger emerging picture encouraging us to look beyond the current headlines. Popular has a privileged position with a broad view of the economy we have been an important part of for more than a century. We recognize and are prepared for the challenges ahead. But, more importantly, we look forward to the opportunities that will arise from this important moment in our history, just as they have from past junctures, and stand ready to actively support Puerto Rico in this new transformation.

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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r tKey Drivers Behind cARLos J. VAZQUeZ Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer Popular, Inc. President Popular Community Bank2013 marked yet another set of notable improvements for Popular. With our third consecutive year of healthy profitability, our franchise continues to demonstrate its ability to yield reasonable returns even in a Percent 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2009 tAnGiBLe coMMon eQUitY/tAnGiBLe Assets 2010 2011 2012 2013 BPOP 11.08 PEER AVG. 8.26 challenging economic environment. Credit quality improvements, strong earnings and healthy capital levels were key drivers of our solid performance and will surely be the cornerstones of our future results. Popular’s adjusted net income of $256 million was up 4% from 2012, as we remained focused on creating revenue opportunities while effectively managing credit and overhead costs. Our adjusted gross revenues Driving our earnings power are spread levels above our peers, which result from strong asset yields and funding costs that have improved every quarter for more than four years. and our minority ownership in Centro Financiero BHD, which includes one of the largest banks in the Dominican Republic, form the foundation of our capital management efforts. Specifically, we seek to maintain strong capital levels appropriate for Popular’s risk profile; strive toward our target of a for the year stayed strong at $1.9 billion while the loan loss provision, excluding bulk sales, double digit return on tangible equity; and eventually pursue – with the approval of fell by $124 million to a level comparable to our normalized target. Driving our earnings power are spread levels above our peers, which result from strong asset yields and funding costs that have improved every quarter for more than four years. Popular’s net interest margin (NIM) for 2013 increased to 4.52%, up 16 basis points from 2012 levels. Continued improvements in actual and projected cash flows from our covered portfolio (Westernbank) contributed to the stability of our NIM. While organic loan growth in Puerto Rico remains limited, we plan to offset this impact through selective loan portfolio purchases. Operating expenses stayed somewhat elevated due mainly to the expenses stemming from the workout of our covered loan portfolio. As credit continues to normalize, we expect additional savings in costs related to our credit management efforts, including reductions in legal fees, appraisals and OREO expenses. We are confident that these efforts, ahead of the 2015 expiration of our loss-sharing agreement of commercial loans with the FDIC, will lead to a lower cost base in the coming years. Managing the expense side of our operations is still a top priority, and we are committed to capturing every opportunity to do so. Our stress-testing and capital planning programs are robust, as we have permanently reallocated resources to bolster these important management and regulatory processes. The power of substantial internal capital generation from improved operating earnings, alongside additional sources of value in our remaining stake in EVERTEC our regulators – other capital management and distribution strategies, including the repayment of TARP. With two thirds of our managers holding Popular stock, our leadership continues to work with a great shared interest and a motivated ownership approach. Popular’s stock valuation is not immune to the uncertainties now confronting Puerto Rico – our principal market. Having said that, we are confident that our fundamental strengthening of Popular’s credit condition, liquidity, market share and capital base should result in a valuation that better reflects our tangible book value and underlying earning capacity. 8


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Succeeding in a Challenging Regulatory Environment POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t IGNACIO ÁLVAREZ Executive Vice President Chief Legal Officer General Counsel & Corporate Matters Group Popular, Inc.Like all financial institutions, we are working hard to address the challenges of succeeding in a rapidly evolving and increasingly demanding regulatory environment. Banking has always been a highly regulated industry, but today’s pace and sheer amount of regulatory and legal changes affecting the banking industry are unprecedented. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and CAPITAL During the financial crisis, the banking industry suffered a significant reduction in capital due to substantial credit losses. As a result, regulators continue to push for high capital ratios and enhanced stress testing processes. Our current robust capital levels, however, will allow us to comply with the additional requirements mandated under Basel III, without having to raise new capital. Notwithstanding that, as an institution, we will have to continue to review our balance sheet and product offerings carefully to determine proactively whether we should emphasize growth in certain asset classes and deemphasize it in others. substantial human and financial resources to conform our mortgage and other consumer products to these new CFPB requirements. We remain focused on these evolving regulations to make sure that our product and service offerings comply with all regulatory requirements as well as the needs of our clients. GOVERNANCE In this new environment, regulators expect greater involvement from senior management and the board of directors in overseeing regulatory and compliance issues. At Popular, we believe that good governance is a key element of our success, as evidenced by our strong governance Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd -Frank framework. As this area continues to Act”) is the most significant and far-reaching legislation affecting the banking industry since the Great Depression. Failure to comply with these new regulations can result not only in massive fines or other penalties, but can also trigger corrective actions that entail considerable financial expenditures and investment of human capital. In our case, the challenge is even greater due to the difficult economic environment in our principal market, Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rican government’s current fiscal problems will continue to challenge the local macro- economic environment, and we will seek more creative ways to meet the needs of our clients given this and other challenges. These regulatory changes will result in additional costs and administrative burdens that will undoubtedly lead to structural changes in how financial institutions develop and deliver products and services to their clients. At Popular, we are approaching this new reality as an opportunity to review and transform our processes and systems to better serve our clients. Some of the principal changes facing our institution will be in the areas of capital and compliance regulations: At Popular, we are approaching this new reality as an opportunity to review and transform our processes and systems to better serve our clients. COMPLIANCE As a bank with large retail operations, we have put a strong emphasis on compliance. Following the financial crisis, regulators have given greater weight to compliance issues and have found major compliance breakdowns at a number of large financial institutions that resulted in enforcement actions with significant fines and penalties. One important result was the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which is the first federal regulatory agency dedicated exclusively to the protection of consumers of financial services and products. The CFPB has given particular attention to mortgage origination and servicing, as well as fair lending and consumer lending activities, such as credit cards and auto loans. We have dedicated evolve, we will continue to review our processes on a regular basis to identify further enhancements. In the last four years, we increased the diversity and skill set of our board with the addition of six new directors – better equipping the board to help us meet these new governance challenges. LOOKING AHEAD The regulatory environment is driving significant change in the banking industry, and it will have a major impact on how we structure the products and services we offer our clients. Banks that do a better job of rapidly adapting to this new paradigm will have a more favorable opportunity to grow their business. Those who fail to change face not only the loss of clients, but also enormous legal and reputational risks. At Popular, we are keenly aware of how much is at stake, and we are dedicating the time, resources and management focus to ensure that we continue to thrive in this new environment. 9


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r tA Transformative 2013 Supported By A Robust Infrastructure LIDIO SORIANO Executive Vice President of Popular, Inc. Corporate Risk ManagementLast year was transformative for Popular. In the face of a challenging economic and regulatory environment, we have reduced total non-performing assets (including covered loans) and our net charge-off ratio to their lowest levels since 2007. Although this decrease was driven in part by two large bulk sales of loan portfolios in Puerto Rico and improving credit 1) Strengthening our loan and appraisal review functions by expanding our loan and appraisal review teams; 2) Creating a Quantitative Analysis Unit, currently made up of seven full-time analysts with economic and statistics backgrounds, to expand our modeling capabilities. Our Analytics team has designed performance models with diverse macroeconomic variables, expanded file-security controls and enhanced personal loans and leases models by moving from product-level to loan-level models. Our unit has also developed a system for procedural documentation per model. strategy to succeed within the current economic and regulatory environment. We no longer have a national lending platform or a subprime consumer and mortgage business on the U.S. mainland. We are now a U.S. community bank and niche lender, with a much lower risk profile. This change has reduced our U.S. mainland non-performing legacy loans held-in-portfolio to only $15.1 million at the end of 2013. In Puerto Rico, our commercial exposure, including construction loans, decreased from 55% of our total loan book to 42%. Construction lending has declined 85% and stands at only $161 million as conditions in the U.S., we would not have achieved these latest lows without the mainstays of sound credit management: effective underwriting and loss-mitigation efforts, with successful resolutions and restructurings. These primary risk-management functions were supported by a sound and well-fortified infrastructure. For the past two years we have strengthened our risk-management division to operate effectively in what will certainly be a more heavily regulated environment once significant CONSOLIDATED CREDIT QUALITY summary (Excluding Covered Loans)$ in millions 2011 2012 20133) Installing a dynamic risk-monitoring of December 31, 2013. We have also reduced exposure to commercial loan segments with historically high losses in Puerto Rico, mainly loans to small and medium-sized businesses. A disproportionate level (91%) of total commercial charge-offs occurred in these portfolios during the downturn of the local economy. In the Puerto Rico consumer portfolio, secured exposures increased from 66% 84.76% at the beginning of the financial crisis to 76% at the end of 2013. These changes in our risk profile regulatory changes and uncertainties unfold fully. Two months into 2014, the timing and implementation of a number of provisions of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, among other regulatory initiatives, are still being finalized. Also, the newly created Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is introducing a number of additional regulations, including mortgage-lending reform. Against this backdrop, we reinforced and redesigned areas of our risk-management framework with multi-million dollar investments in new resources. These measures include: system that integrates customer-risk profiles with due-diligence to better ensure consumer compliance and improve customer experience. 4) Investing in a new mortgage origination and servicing platform to meet new CFPB regulatory requirements As a result of these investments in new resources, along with other measures taken, we are in an even stronger position to face the rapidly evolving regulatory environment. RISK PROFILE Given our current exposures and risk profile, we are confident about our future. Since the financial crisis, we have adapted our business are among the main drivers behind our portfolio’s positive credit trends. LOOKING AHEAD Heading into 2014, we remain cautious, given the changing regulatory environment and the economic challenges in our main market in Puerto Rico. At the same time, we are encouraged by the performance and profile of our credit exposure and the enhancements we have made to solidify further our risk management infrastructure. We strongly believe that Popular is well positioned to capitalize on emerging opportunities. 10


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POPULAR, INC. POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t EXECUTIVE OFFICERS RICHARD L . CARRIÓN Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Popular, Inc. CARLOS J. VÁZQUEZ Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer Popular, Inc. President Popular Community Bank IGNACIO ÁLVAREZ Executive Vice President Chief Legal Officer General Counsel & Corporate Matters Group Popular, Inc. ILEANA GONZÁLEZ Executive Vice President Commercial Credit Administration Group Banco Popular de Puerto Rico JUAN GUERRERO Executive Vice President Financial & Insurance Services Group Banco Popular de Puerto Rico GILBERTO MONZÓN Executive Vice President Individual Credit Group Banco Popular de Puerto Rico EDUARDO J. NEGRÓN Executive Vice President Administration Group Popular, Inc. NÉSTOR O. RIVERA Executive Vice President Retail Banking and Operations Group Banco Popular de Puerto Rico ELI SEPÚLVEDA Executive Vice President Popular, Inc.Commercial Credit Group Banco Popular de Puerto Rico LIDIO SORIANO Executive Vice President Chief Risk Officer Corporate Risk Management Group Popular, Inc. BOARD OF DIRECTORS RICHARD L . CARRIÓN Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Popular, Inc. JOAQUÍN E. BACARDÍ, III President and Chief Executive Officer Bacardi Corporation ALEJANDRO M. BALLESTER President Ballester Hermanos, Inc. JOHN DIERCKSEN Principal Greycrest, LLC. MARÍA LUISA FERRE President and Chief Executive Officer Grupo Ferré Rangel DAVID E. GOEL Managing General Partner Matrix Capital Management Company, LLC C. KIM GOODWIN Private Investor WILLIAM J. TEUBER JR. Vice Chairman EMC Corporation CARLOS A. UNANUE President Goya de Puerto Rico 11


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t 25-Year Historical Financial Summary (Dollars in millions, except per share data) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Selected Financial Information Net Income (Loss) $ 56.3 $ 63.4 $ 64.6 $ 85.1 $ 109.4 $ 124.7 $ 146.4 $ 185.2 $ 209.6 $ 232.3 $ 257.6 Assets 5,972.7 8,983.6 8,780.3 10,002.3 11,513.4 12,778.4 15,675.5 16,764.1 19,300.5 23,160.4 25,460.5 Gross Loans 3,320.6 5,373.3 5,195.6 5,252.1 6,346.9 7,781.3 8,677.5 9,779.0 11,376.6 13,078.8 14,907.8 Deposits 4,926.3 7,422.7 7,207.1 8,038.7 8,522.7 9,012.4 9,876.7 10,763.3 11,749.6 13,672.2 14,173.7 Stockholders’ Equity 375.8 588.9 631.8 752.1 834.2 1,002.4 1,141.7 1,262.5 1,503.1 1,709.1 1,661.0 Market Capitalization $ 430.1 $ 479.1 $ 579.0 $ 987.8 $ 1,014.7 $ 923.7 $ 1,276.8 $ 2,230.5 $ 3,350.3 $ 4,611.7 $ 3,790.2 Return on Assets (ROA) 0.99% 1.09% 0.72% 0.89% 1.02% 1.02% 1.04% 1.14% 1.14% 1.14% 1.08% Return on Common Equity (ROE) 15.87% 15.55% 10.57% 12.72% 13.80% 13.80% 14.22% 16.17% 15.83% 15.41% 15.45% Per Common Share1 Net Income (Loss) – Basic $ 3.51 $ 3.94 $ 2.69 $ 3.49 $ 4.18 $ 4.59 $ 5.24 $ 6.69 $ 7.51 $ 8.26 $ 9.19 Net Income (Loss) – Diluted 3.51 3.94 2.69 3.49 4.18 4.59 5.24 6.69 7.51 8.26 9.19 Dividends (Declared) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.25 1.54 1.83 2.00 2.50 3.00 Book Value 23.44 24.58 26.24 28.79 31.86 34.35 39.52 43.98 51.83 59.32 57.54 Market Price 26.88 20.00 24.06 37.81 39.38 35.16 48.44 84.38 123.75 170.00 139.69 Assets by Geographical Area Puerto Rico 92% 89% 87% 87% 79% 76% 75% 74% 74% 71% 71% United States 6% 9% 11% 10% 16% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 25% Caribbean and Latin America 2% 2% 2% 3% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 4% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Traditional Delivery System Banking Branches Puerto Rico 128 173 161 162 165 166 166 178 201 198 199 Virgin Islands 3 3 3 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 United States 10 24 24 30 32 34 40 44 63 89 91 Subtotal 141 200 188 195 205 208 214 230 272 295 298 Non-Banking Offices Popular Financial Holdings 27 41 58 73 91 102 117 128 137 Popular Cash Express 51 102 Popular Finance 18 26 26 26 26 28 31 39 44 48 47 Popular Auto 4 9 9 9 8 10 9 8 10 10 12 Popular Leasing, U.S.A. 7 8 10 Popular Mortgage 3 3 3 11 13 Popular Securities 1 2 2 2 Popular One Popular Insurance Popular Insurance Agency, U.S.A. Popular Insurance, V.I. E-LOAN EVERTEC 4 Subtotal 22 35 62 76 92 111 134 153 183 258 327 Total 163 235 250 271 297 319 348 383 455 553 625 Electronic Delivery System ATMs Owned Puerto Rico 151 211 206 211 234 262 281 327 391 421 442 Virgin Islands 3 3 3 3 8 8 8 9 17 59 68 United States 6 11 26 38 53 71 94 99 Total 154 214 209 220 253 296 327 389 479 574 609 Transactions (in millions) Electronic Transactions2 16.1 18.0 23.9 28.6 33.2 43.0 56.6 78.0 111.2 130.5 159.4 Items Processed3 161.9 164.0 166.1 170.4 171.8 174.5 175.0 173.7 171.9 170.9 171.0 Employees (full-time equivalent) 5, 2 13 7,02 3 7,0 0 6 7,02 4 7, 533 7,6 0 6 7, 815 7,9 9 6 8 , 85 4 1 0, 5 49 11 , 5 01 12


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POPULAR, INC. 2 01 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t 1 Per common share data adjusted for stock splits and reverse stock split executed in May 2012. 2 From 1981 to 2003, electronic transactions include ACH, Direct Payment, TelePago Popular, Internet Banking and ATH Network transactions in Puerto Rico. From 2004 to 2009, these numbers were adjusted to include ATH Network transactions in the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, El Salvador and United States, health care transactions, wire transfers, and other electronic payment transactions in addition to those previously stated. After 2010 only includes electronic transactions made by Popular, Inc.’s clients and excludes electronic transactions processed by EVERTEC for other clients. 3 After the sale in 2010 of EVERTEC, Popular’s information technology subsidiary, the Corporation does not process items. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 $ 276.1 $ 304.5 $ 351.9 $ 470.9 $ 489.9 $ 540.7 $ 357.7 $ (64.5) $ (1,243.9) $ (573.9) $ 137.4 $ 151.3 $ 245.3 $ 599.3 28,057.1 30,744.7 33,660.4 36,434.7 44,401.6 48,623.7 47,404.0 44,411.4 38,882.8 34,736.3 38,815.0 37,348.4 36,507.5 35,749.3 16,057.1 18,168.6 19,582.1 22,602.2 28,742.3 31,710.2 32,736.9 29,911.0 26,268.9 23,803.9 26,458.9 25,314.4 25,093.6 24,706.7 14,804.9 16,370.0 17,614.7 18,097.8 20,593.2 22,638.0 24,438.3 28,334.4 27,550.2 25,924.9 26,762.2 27,942.1 27,000.6 26,711.1 1,993.6 2,272.8 2,410.9 2,754.4 3,104.6 3,449.2 3,620.3 3,581.9 3,268.4 2,538.8 3,800.5 3,918.8 4,110.0 4,626.2 $ 3,578.1 $ 3,965.4 $ 4,476.4 $ 5,960.2 $ 7,685.6 $ 5,836.5 $ 5,003.4 $ 2,968.3 $ 1,455.1 $ 1,445.4 $ 3,211.4 $ 1,426.0 $ 2,144.9 $ 2,970.6 1.04% 1.09% 1.11% 1.36% 1.23% 1.17% 0.74% -0.14% -3.04% -1.57% 0.36% 0.40% 0.68% 1.65% 15.00% 14.84% 16.29% 19.30% 17.60% 17.12% 9.73% -2.08% -44.47% -32.95% 4.37% 4.01% 6.37% 14.43% $ 9.85 $ 10.87 $ 13.05 $ 17.36 $ 17.95 $ 19.78 $ 12.41 $ (2.73) $ (45.51) $ 2.39 $ (0.62) $ 1.44 $ 2.36 $ 5.80 9.85 10.87 13.05 17.36 17.92 19.74 12.41(2.73) (45.51) 2.39 (0.62) 1.44 2.35 5.78 3.20 3.80 4.00 5.05 6.20 6.40 6.40 6.40 4.80 0.20 – – – – 69.62 79.67 91.02 96.60 109.45 118.22 123.18 121.24 63.29 38.91 36.67 37.71 39.35 44.26 131.56 145.40 169.00 224.25 288.30 211.50 179.50 106.00 51.60 22.60 31.40 13.90 20.79 28.73 72% 68% 66% 62% 55% 53% 52% 59% 64% 65% 74% 74% 73% 72% 26% 30% 32% 36% 43% 45% 45% 38% 33% 32% 23% 23% 24% 25% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 199 196 195 193 192 194 191 196 179 173 185 183 175 171 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 95 96 96 97 128 136 142 147 139 101 96 94 92 90 302 300 299 298 328 338 341 351 326 282 289 286 276 270 136 149 153 181 183 212 158 134 2 132 154 195 129 114 4 61 55 36 43 43 49 52 51 9 12 20 18 18 18 17 15 12 12 10 10 10 10 9 11 13 13 11 15 14 11 24 22 21 25 29 32 30 33 32 32 32 33 36 37 37 38 3 4 7 8 9 12 12 13 7 6 6 4 4 3 4 5 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 7 9 9 9 382 427 460 431 421 351 292 280 97 61 55 58 59 59 684 727 759 729 749 689 633 631 423 343 344 344 335 329 478 524 539 557 568 583 605 615 605 571 624 613 597 599 37 39 53 57 59 61 65 69 74 77 17 20 20 22 109 118 131 129 163 181 192 187 176 136 138 135 134 132 624 681 723 743 790 825 862 871 855 784 779 768 751 753 199.5 206.0 236.6 255.7 568.5 625.9 690.2 772.7 849.4 804.1 381.6 410.4 420.4 458.4 160.2 149.9 145.3 138.5 133.9 140.3 150.0 175.2 202.2 191.7 1 0,651 11 , 33 4 11 ,037 11 ,474 12 ,139 13, 2 1 0 12 , 5 0 8 12 , 303 1 0, 5 87 9,4 07 8 , 2 7 7 8 , 3 2 9 8 ,07 2 8 ,059 13


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LOGO

POPULAR® P.O. Box 362708 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-2708


Financial Review and

Supplementary Information

 

  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of      
  Financial Condition and Results of Operations        2   
  Statistical Summaries    107   
  Financial Statements      
  Management’s Report to Stockholders    112   
 

Report of Independent Registered Public

Accounting Firm

   113   
 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of

December 31, 2013 and 2012                 

   115   
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the

years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

   116   
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive

Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and

2011                        

   117   
 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’

Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

   118   
 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the

years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

   119   
  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements    121   


Management’s Discussion and

Analysis of Financial Condition

and Results of Operations

 

  Forward-Looking Statements    3   
  Overview    4   
  Critical Accounting Policies / Estimates    10   
  Statement of Operations Analysis    25   
 

Net Interest Income

   25   
 

Provision for Loan Losses

   30   
 

Non-Interest Income

   30   
 

Operating Expenses

   33   
 

Income Taxes

   34   
 

Fourth Quarter Results

   36   
  Reportable Segment Results    37   
  Statement of Financial Condition Analysis    41   
 

Assets

   41   
 

Deposits and Borrowings

   47   
 

Stockholders’ Equity

   48   
  Regulatory Capital    49   
 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other Commitments

   53   
 

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

   53   
 

Guarantees

   55   
  Risk Management    59   
 

Market / Interest Rate Risk

   60   
 

Liquidity

   68   
 

Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality

   75   
 

Enterprise Risk and Operational Risk Management

   103   
 

Adoption of New Accounting Standards and Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

   104   
  Statistical Summaries      
 

Statements of Financial Condition

   107   
 

Statements of Operations

   108   
 

Average Balance Sheet and Summary of Net Interest Income

   109   
 

Quarterly Financial Data

   111   

 

2


The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides information which management believes is necessary for understanding the financial performance of Popular, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Corporation” or “Popular”). All accompanying tables, consolidated financial statements, and corresponding notes included in this “Financial Review and Supplementary Information - 2013 Annual Report” (“the report”) should be considered an integral part of this MD&A.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The information included in this report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may relate to the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business, including, but not limited to, statements with respect to expected earnings levels, the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, delinquency trends, market risk and the impact of interest rate changes, capital market conditions, capital adequacy and liquidity, and the effect of legal proceedings and new accounting standards on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continues,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “project” and similar expressions and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “may,” or similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, are based on management’s current expectations and, by their nature, involve certain risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions by management that are difficult to predict. Various factors, some of which are beyond the Corporation’s control, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the rate of growth in the economy and employment levels, as well as general business and economic conditions; changes in interest rates, as well as the magnitude of such changes; the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies; changes in federal bank regulatory and supervisory policies, including required levels of capital; the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Financial Reform Act) on the Corporation’s businesses, business practices and costs of operations; the relative strength or weakness of the consumer and commercial credit sectors and of the real estate markets in Puerto Rico and the other markets in which borrowers are located; the performance of the stock and bond markets; competition in the financial services industry; additional Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessments; and possible legislative, tax or regulatory changes. Other possible events or factors that could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements include the following: negative economic conditions that adversely affect the general economy, housing prices, the job market, consumer confidence and spending habits which may affect, among other things, the level of non-performing assets, charge-offs and provision expense; changes in interest rates and market liquidity, which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets; adverse movements and volatility in debt and equity capital markets; changes in market rates and prices, which may adversely impact the value of financial assets and liabilities; liabilities resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations; changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations; increased competition; the Corporation’s ability to grow its core businesses; decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change the business mix of the Corporation; and management’s ability to identify and manage these and other risks. Moreover, the outcome of legal proceedings is inherently uncertain and depends on judicial interpretations of law and the findings of regulators, judges and juries.

All forward-looking statements included in this report are based upon information available to the Corporation as of the date of this report, and other than as required by law, including the requirements of applicable securities laws, management assumes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

The description of the Corporation’s business and risk factors contained in Item 1 and 1A of its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 discusses additional information about the business of the Corporation and the material risk factors that, in addition to the other information in this report, readers should consider.

 

3


OVERVIEW

The Corporation is a diversified, publicly-owned financial holding company subject to the supervision and regulation of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Corporation has operations in Puerto Rico, the United States (“U.S.”) mainland, and the U.S. and British Virgin Islands. In Puerto Rico, the Corporation provides retail, including residential mortgage loans originations, and commercial banking services through its principal banking subsidiary, Banco Popular de Puerto Rico (“BPPR”), as well as investment banking, broker-dealer, auto and equipment leasing and financing, and insurance services through specialized subsidiaries. Effective December 31, 2012, Popular Mortgage, which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of BPPR prior to that date, was merged with and into BPPR as part of an internal reorganization. The Corporation’s mortgage origination business continues to be conducted under the brand name Popular Mortgage, a division of BPPR. In the U.S. mainland, the Corporation operates Banco Popular North America (“BPNA”), including its wholly-owned subsidiary E-LOAN. The BPNA franchise operates under the brand name of Popular Community Bank. BPNA focuses efforts and resources on the core community banking business. BPNA operates branches in New York, California, Illinois, New Jersey and Florida. E-LOAN markets deposit accounts under its name for the benefit of BPNA. Note 41 to the consolidated financial statements presents information about the Corporation’s business segments.

The Corporation has several investments which accounts for under the equity method. These include the 14.9% interest in EVERTEC, a 19.99% interest in Centro Financiero BHD, a 24.9% interest in PR Asset Portfolio 2013-1 International, LLC and a 24.9% interest in PRLP 2011 Holdings LLP, among other investments in limited partnerships which mainly hold investment securities. EVERTEC provides transaction processing services throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, including servicing many of the Corporation’s system infrastructures and transaction processing businesses. Centro Financiero BHD is a diversified financial services institution operating in the Dominican Republic. PR Asset Portfolio 2013-1 International, LLC is a joint venture to which the Corporation sold construction and commercial loans and commercial and residential real estate owned assets, most of which were non-performing, with a fair value of $306 million during the year 2013. PRLP 2011 Holdings LLP is a joint venture to which the Corporation sold construction and commercial loans, most of which were non-performing, with a fair value of $148 million during the year 2011. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Corporation recorded approximately $42.9 million in earnings from these investments on an aggregate basis. The carrying amounts of these investments as of December 31, 2013 were $197.0 million. Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information of the Corporation’s investments at equity.

The Corporation’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 amounted to $599.3 million, compared with net income of $245.3 million and $151.3 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively. The results for 2013 reflect the impact of two bulk sale of non-performing assets resulting in an aggregate after tax loss of $287.7 million, $412.8 million in after tax gains resulting from the initial and subsequent public offerings and related transactions completed by EVERTEC in which the Corporation participated as a selling stockholder and an income tax benefit of $197.5 million related to the change in the corporate tax rate from 30% to 39%. The results for 2012 reflect an income tax benefit of $72.9 million related to reduction of the deferred tax liability on the estimated gains for tax purposes related to the loans acquired from Westernbank as a result of the closing agreement with the Puerto Rico Department of Treasury, which established that these would be taxed at a capital gain rate. Also, the results from 2012 reflect a benefit of approximately $26.9 million from the Corporation’s share of a tax benefit from a grant received by EVERTEC from the Puerto Rico Government. During 2011, the Corporation recorded an income tax expense of $103.3 million as a result of the reduction in the marginal tax rate, which was partially offset by a benefit of $53.6 million recorded as a result of a closing agreement with the Puerto Rico Department of Treasury, which deferred the deduction of charge-offs taken during 2009 and 2010 until the years 2013-2016. Table 1 provides selected financial data for the past five years. For purposes of the discussions, assets subject to loss sharing agreements with the FDIC, including loans and other real estate owned, are referred to as “covered assets” or “covered loans” since the Corporation expects to be reimbursed for 80% of any future losses on those assets, subject to the terms of the FDIC loss sharing agreements.

Excluding the impact of the above mentioned transactions, the adjusted net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $256.2 million. Refer to Table 70 for the reconciliation to the adjusted, Non-GAAP net income.

During 2013, the Corporation maintained a strong net interest margin and reflected a reduction in its provision for loan losses, excluding the impact of the bulk sales of non performing assets. Net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, increased 24 basis points from 2012 to 4.72%, mainly due to a higher yield from the covered loans portfolio, lower levels of non-performing assets and lower cost of funds. The Corporation made significant improvements in its overall credit metrics. Non-performing assets,

 

4


excluding covered assets, declined $1.1 billion as a result of the two bulk sales of non-performing assets during the first and second quarters as well as the continuation of aggressive asset resolution strategies. Excluding the impact of the bulk sales of non-performing assets, the provision for loan losses for the non-covered portfolio was down $119.0 million from the year ended December 31, 2012. Inflows of non-performing assets were down $492 million, or 42%, from 2012 and the net charge off ratio was 1.19%, compared to 1.97% in 2012 (excluding the impact of the bulk sales of non-performing assets).

While the Corporation has made improvements in the credit quality of its portfolios, the continued economic weakness in Puerto Rico, our principal market, continues to present challenges which are being considered in its overall reserve levels. In light of these economic conditions, which put pressure on loan growth, during 2013 the Corporation supplemented its organic growth with opportunistic loan purchases, particularly of residential mortgage loans.

The Corporation’s U.S. mainland operations were profitable during 2013 with net income of $116.6 million, compared to $46.0 million for 2012. The improvement is mainly related to improved credit performance which resulted in a reserve release of $14.7 million for 2013, compared to a provision of $52.0 million for 2012, a $66.7 million variance. The reserve release also reflects the impact of $10.8 million due to the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology implemented during the second quarter of 2013. The U.S. operations have followed the general credit trends on the mainland demonstrating progressive improvement. Management remains focused on increasing BPNA’s customer base, as it continues its strategy to transition from a mainly Hispanic-focused bank to a more broad-based community bank. The biggest challenge for the BPNA reportable segment is achieving healthy loan growth in the markets it serves at an adequate risk-adjusted return.

Table 1 - Selected Financial Data

 

 
     Year ended December 31,  

 

 
(Dollars in thousands, except per common share data)    2013       2012       2011       2010       2009       

 

 

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

              

Interest income

   $ 1,748,456       $ 1,755,846       $ 1,941,161       $ 1,949,300       $ 1,854,997       

Interest expense

     315,876         379,213         505,816         653,427         753,744       

 

 

Net interest income

     1,432,580         1,376,633         1,435,345         1,295,873         1,101,253       

 

 

Provision for loan losses:

              

Non-covered loans

     533,167         334,102         430,085         1,011,880         1,405,807       

Covered loans

     69,396         74,839         145,635                -       

Non-interest income

     810,569         531,212         625,426         1,304,458         896,501       

Operating expenses

     1,292,586         1,280,032         1,218,799         1,342,820         1,154,196       

Income tax (benefit) expense

     (251,327)         (26,403)         114,927         108,230         (8,302)       

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     599,327         245,275         151,325         137,401         (553,947)       

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

                                 (19,972)       

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ 599,327       $ 245,275       $ 151,325       $ 137,401       $ (573,919)       

 

 

Net income (loss) applicable to common stock

   $ 595,604       $ 241,552       $ 147,602       $ (54,576)       $ 97,377       

 

 

PER COMMON SHARE DATA[1]

              

Net income (loss):

              

Basic:

              

From continuing operations

   $ 5.80       $ 2.36       $ 1.44       $ (0.62)       $ 2.88       

From discontinued operations

                                 (0.49)       

 

 

Total

   $ 5.80       $ 2.36       $ 1.44       $ (0.62)       $ 2.39       

 

 

Diluted:

              

From continuing operations

   $ 5.78       $ 2.35       $ 1.44       $ (0.62)       $ 2.88       

From discontinued operations

                                 (0.49)       

 

 

Total

   $ 5.78       $ 2.35       $ 1.44       $ (0.62)       $ 2.39       

 

 

Dividends declared

   $      $      $      $      $ 0.20       

Book Value

     44.26         39.35         37.71         36.67         38.91       

Market Price

     28.73         20.79         13.90         31.40         22.60       

Outstanding shares:

              

Average - basic

     102,693,685         102,429,755         102,179,393         88,515,404         40,822,950       

Average - assuming dilution

     103,061,475         102,653,610         102,289,496         88,515,404         40,822,950       

End of period

         103,397,699             103,169,806           102,590,457           102,272,780             63,954,011       

AVERAGE BALANCES

              

 

5


Net loans[2]

   $     24,734,542      $     24,845,494      $     25,617,767      $     25,821,778      $     24,836,067       

Earning assets

     31,675,763        31,569,702        32,931,332        34,154,021        34,083,406       

Total assets

     36,266,993        36,264,031        38,066,268        38,378,966        36,569,370       

Deposits

     26,772,375        26,903,933        27,503,391        26,650,497        26,828,209       

Borrowings

     4,293,042        4,415,624        5,846,874        7,448,021        5,832,896       

Total stockholders’ equity

     4,176,349        3,843,652        3,732,836        3,259,167        2,852,065       

PERIOD END BALANCE

          

Net loans[2]

   $ 24,706,719       $ 25,093,632       $ 25,314,392       $ 26,458,855       $ 23,803,909       

Allowance for loan losses

     640,555        730,607        815,308        793,225        1,261,204       

Earning assets

     31,521,963        31,906,198        32,441,983        33,507,582        32,340,967       

Total assets

     35,749,333        36,507,535        37,348,432        38,814,998        34,736,325       

Deposits

     26,711,145        27,000,613        27,942,127        26,762,200        25,924,894       

Borrowings

     3,645,246        4,430,673        4,293,669        6,946,955        5,288,748       

Total stockholders’ equity

     4,626,150        4,110,000        3,918,753        3,800,531        2,538,817       

SELECTED RATIOS

          

Net interest margin (taxable equivalent basis)

     4.72  %       4.48  %       4.48  %       3.82  %       3.47 %    

Return on average total assets

     1.65        0.68        0.40        0.36        (1.57)       

Return on average common stockholders’ equity

     14.43        6.37        4.01        4.37        (32.95)       

Tier I Capital to risk-adjusted assets

     19.15        17.35        15.97        14.52        9.81       

Total Capital to risk-adjusted assets

     20.42        18.63        17.25        15.79        11.13       

 

 

[1] Per share data is based on the average number of shares outstanding during the periods, except for the book value and market price which are based on the information at the end of the periods. All per share data has been adjusted to retroactively reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on May 29, 2012.

[2] Includes loans held-for-sale and covered loans.

 

The Corporation has strived to mitigate the decline in earning assets amid challenging economic conditions in Puerto Rico. During the first half of 2013, the Corporation completed two bulk purchases from Puerto Rico financial institutions acquiring $761.3 million in mortgage loans. Also, during 2012, the BPPR reportable segment purchased $265 million in consumer loans. During the first half of 2011, the Corporation completed two bulk purchases of residential mortgage loans from a Puerto Rico financial institution, adding $518 million in performing mortgage loans to its portfolio. In August 2011, the Corporation completed the purchase of Citibank’s AAdvantage co-branded credit card portfolio in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which represented approximately $131 million in balances. In addition, BPPR entered into an agreement with American Airlines, Inc. to become the exclusive issuer of AAdvantage co-branded credit cards in those two regions.

On April 30, 2010, BPPR acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Westernbank from the FDIC in an assisted transaction. Table 2 provides a summary of the gross revenues derived from the assets acquired in the FDIC-assisted transaction during 2013, 2012 and 2011.

Table 2 - Financial Information - Westernbank FDIC-Assisted Transaction

 

    

Year ended December 31,

 

 

(In thousands)

   2013       2012       2011   

 

 

Interest income:

        

Interest income on covered loans

   $ 300,745       $ 301,441       $ 375,595   

Discount accretion on ASC 310-20 covered loans

                   37,083   

 

 

Total interest income on covered loans

        300,745            301,441            412,678   

 

 

FDIC loss share (expense) income :

        

Amortization of loss share indemnification asset

     (161,635)         (129,676)         (10,855)   

80% mirror accounting on credit impairment losses[1]

     60,454         58,187         110,457   

80% mirror accounting on reimbursable expenses

     50,985         30,771         5,093   

80% mirror accounting on recoveries on covered assets, including rental income on OREOs, subject to reimbursement to the FDIC

     (16,057)         (2,979)          

80% mirror accounting on amortization of contingent liability on unfunded commitments

     (473)         (969)         (33,221)   

Change in true-up payment obligation

     (15,993)         (13,178)         (6,304)   

Other

     668         1,633         1,621   

 

 

Total FDIC loss share (expense) income

     (82,051)         (56,211)         66,791   

 

 

 

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Fair value change in equity appreciation instrument

                     8,323   

Amortization of contingent liability on unfunded commitments (included in other operating income)

     593         1,211         4,487   

 

 

Total revenues

     219,287         246,441         492,279   

 

 

Provision for loan losses

     69,396         74,839         145,635   

 

 

Total revenues less provision for loan losses

   $     149,891       $     171,602       $     346,644   

 

 
[1] Reductions in expected cash flows for ASC 310-30 loans, which may impact the provision for loan losses, may consider reductions in both principal and interest cash flow expectations. The amount covered under the FDIC loss sharing agreements for interest not collected from borrowers is limited under the agreements (approximately 90 days); accordingly, these amounts are not subject fully to the 80% mirror accounting.  

 

 

Average balances       

 

         Year ended December 31,
(In millions)    2013      2012       

 

Covered loans

   $             3,228      $             4,050     

FDIC loss share asset

     1,310        1,680     

 

Interest income on covered loans for the year 2013 amounted to $300.7 million vs. $301.4 million in 2012, reflecting a yield of 9.32% vs. 7.44%, for each year respectively. The increase in the yield was due to higher expected cash flows which are reflected in the accretable yield and recognized over the life of the loans and resolutions of loans during the year. This portfolio, due to its nature, should continue to decline as scheduled payments are received and workout arrangements are made. The yield improvement in 2013 reflects higher collections and estimated cash flows, which increase the accretable yield to be taken over the life of the loan pools. For 2011, net interest income reflects $37.1 million of discount accretion related to covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20. This discount was fully accreted into earnings during 2011.

The FDIC loss share reflected an expense of $82.1 million for 2013, compared to $56.2 million for 2012. This was the mainly the result of higher amortization of the indemnification asset by $32.0 million and higher recoveries on covered assets, including rental income, of $13.1 million, offset by higher mirror accounting on reimbursable expenses for $20.2 million. For 2012, when compared to 2011 this line reflected a negative variance of $123.0 million due to lower discount accretion on loans and unfunded commitments subject to ASC Subtopic 310-20, higher amortization of the FDIC loss share asset, lower mirror accounting on credit impairment losses and higher fair value adjustments to the true-up payment obligation, partially offset by the favorable mirror accounting on reimbursable expenses.

Although the increase in cash flows increases the accretable yield to be recognized over the life of the loans, it also has the effect of lowering the realizable value of the loss share asset since the Corporation would receive lower FDIC payments under the loss share agreements. This is reflected in the increased amortization of the loss share asset for 2013 and an increase in the fair value of the true-up payment obligation. The change in the amortization of the loss share asset from 2011 to 2012 also reflected higher expected cash flows from year to year.

The discussion that follows provides highlights of the Corporation’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the results of operations of 2012. It also provides some highlights with respect to the Corporation’s financial condition, credit quality, capital and liquidity. Table 3 presents a five-year summary of the components of net income (loss) as a percentage of average total assets.

 

Table 3 - Components of Net Income (Loss) as a Percentage of Average Total Assets  

 

 
     2013            2012            2011            2010            2009        

 

 

Net interest income

     3.95  %          3.80  %          3.77  %          3.38  %          3.01  %    

Provision for loan losses

     (1.66)              (1.13)              (1.51)              (2.64)              (3.84)        

Mortgage banking activities

     0.20              0.24              (0.01)              0.04              0.04        

Net gain and valuation adjustments on investment securities

     0.02              -              0.03              0.01              0.60        

Net (loss) gain on sale of loans, including valuation adjustments on loans held-for-sale

     (0.14)              (0.08)              0.01              0.02              (0.03)        

Adjustments (expense) to indemnity reserves

     (0.10)              (0.06)              (0.09)              (0.19)              (0.11)        

Trading account profit

     (0.04)              0.01              0.12              0.09              0.15        

 

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FDIC loss share (expense) income

     (0.23)              (0.16)              0.18               (0.07)              -         

Fair value change in equity appreciation instrument

     -              -              0.02              0.11              -        

Gain on sale of processing and technology business

     -              -              -              1.67              -        

Other non-interest income

     2.52              1.51              1.38              1.72              1.80        

 

 

Total net interest income and non-interest income, net of provision for loan losses

     4.52              4.13              3.90              4.14              1.62        

Operating expenses

     (3.56)              (3.52)              (3.20)              (3.50)              (3.16)        

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax

     0.96              0.61              0.70              0.64              (1.54)        

Income tax (benefit) expense

     (0.69)              (0.07)              0.30              0.28              (0.02)        

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     1.65              0.68              0.40              0.36              (1.52)        

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     -              -              -              -              (0.05)        

 

 

Net income (loss)

     1.65  %          0.68  %          0.40  %          0.36  %          (1.57) %    

 

 

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 2013 amounted to $1.4 billion, an increase of $55.9 million, compared with 2012. Net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 4.72% for the year 2013, an increase of 24 basis points from 2012, resulting from a higher yield from the covered portfolio due to higher expected cash flows and loan resolutions, higher yields from the commercial and construction portfolios due to the reduction in non-performing loans and lower cost of funds. Refer to the Net Interest Income section of this MD&A for a discussion of the major variances in net interest income, including yields and costs.

The provision for loan losses for the non-covered portfolio for year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $199.1 million, or 60%, compared with 2012, mainly due to the write downs of $318.0 million recorded in connection with the bulk sales of non-performing loans completed during the first and second quarters of 2013. Excluding the impact of the bulk sales, the provision for loan losses for the non-covered portfolio was down $119.0 million from the year ended December 31, 2012, reflecting a decrease of $67 million in the BPNA and a decrease of $52 million in BPPR. During the second quarter of 2013, the Corporation implemented certain enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology which resulted in a net reserve increase of $11.8 million for the non-covered portfolio and $7.5 million for the covered portfolio. Also, the Corporation recorded a recovery of $8.9 million associated with the sale of a portfolio of previously charged-off credit cards and personal loans during 2013. The provision for the covered portfolio was lower by $5.4 million and reflected lower expected losses in loans accounted by ASC Subtopic 310-30, mainly in commercial and construction loan pools.

Non-performing assets, excluding covered assets declined by $1.1 billion, driven by the bulk sales as well as the continuation of aggressive asset resolution strategies. Inflows of non-performing assets were down $492 million, of 42%, from 2012 and the net charge off ratio, excluding the impact of the bulk sales of non-performing assets, was 1.19%, compared to 1.97% in 2012.

Refer to the Provision for Loan Losses and Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality section of this MD&A for information on the allowance for loan losses, non-performing assets, troubled debt restructurings, net charge-offs and credit quality metrics.

Non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2013 amounted to $810.6 million, an increase of $279.4 million, compared with 2012. The increase was mainly due to the gain of $430.3 million recorded as a result of the sales of EVERTEC shares in connection with their public offerings during 2013 and the $5.9 million prepayment penalty fee income on EVERTEC’s prepayment of the debt held by Popular, in connection with their initial public offering, which was recorded as a gain on sale of securities. This was partially offset by the impact of the bulk sales of non-performing assets, completed during the first and second quarters of 2013, which resulted in an aggregated loss on sale of loans of $65.3 million and provisions for indemnity reserves of $13.7 million. Also, there were higher trading account losses by $18.0 million due mainly to losses on Puerto Rico government securities and closed end funds held by our broker-dealer subsidiary and higher FDIC loss share expense by $25.8 million mainly due to higher cash flows expected driving higher asset amortization, higher recoveries on covered assets, including rental income, offset by higher mirror accounting on reimbursable expenses. Refer to the Non-Interest Income section of this MD&A for a table that provides a breakdown of the different categories of non-interest income.

 

8


Total operating expenses for the year 2013 amounted to $1.3 billion, an increase of $12.6 million, when compared with the previous year. The increase was mainly due to higher OREO expenses due to the $37 million loss incurred in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing assets by BPPR and higher write downs consisting primarily of covered assets which are subject to 80% reimbursement from the FDIC, higher other taxes due to the gross receipts tax enacted during 2013 and higher professional services fees. These negative variances were offset by lower FDIC deposit insurance expense by $25.2 million and lower extinguishment of debt due to the expense of $25 million recorded in 2012 for the cancellation of $350 million in repurchase agreements. Refer to the Operating Expenses section of this MD&A for additional explanations on the major variances in the different categories of operating expenses.

For the year 2013, the Corporation recorded an income tax benefit of $251.3 million, compared to a benefit of $26.4 million for the year 2012. During the year 2013, the Corporation recorded an income tax benefit of $197.5 million reflecting the impact of an amendment to the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code which, among other things, increased the marginal tax rate from 30% to 39%. In addition, the Corporation recorded an income tax benefit of $146.4 million in connection with the loss generated on the Puerto Rico operations by the sales of non-performing assets that took place during the year 2013 and a tax expense of $23.7 million related to the gain realized on the sale of a portion of EVERTEC’s shares which was taxable at a preferential tax rate. Refer to the Income Taxes section in this MD&A and Note 40 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on income taxes.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s total assets were $35.7 billion, compared with $36.5 billion at December 31, 2012, a decrease of $758 million. Total earning assets at December 31, 2013 amounted to $31.5 billion, a decrease of $384 million, or 1.2%, compared with December 31, 2012.

Loans held-in-portfolio, excluding covered loans, totaled $21.6 billion, an increase of $628.7 million compared to 2012. The increase was mainly in mortgage loans at the BPPR segment, attributed largely to opportunistic loan purchases as well as organic growth. The commercial portfolio also increased by $179.0 million, offset by the run-off of the legacy portfolio in the U.S. operations. The covered portfolio declined by $771.5 million as this portfolio continues its normal run-off. Loans held-for-sale declined by $244.0 million from 2012, due to a decline in mortgage originations for sale in the secondary market and the impact of the bulk loan sales.

Refer to Table 19 in the Statement of Financial Condition Analysis section of this MD&A for the percentage allocation of the composition of the Corporation’s financing to total assets. Deposits amounted to $26.7 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $27.0 billion at December 31, 2012. Table 20 presents a breakdown of deposits by major categories. The Corporation’s borrowings amounted to $3.6 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $4.4 billion at December 31, 2012.

Stockholders’ equity amounted to $4.6 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $4.1 billion at December 31, 2012. The Corporation continues to be well-capitalized at December 31, 2013. The Corporation’s regulatory capital ratios improved from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013. The Tier 1 risk-based capital and Tier 1 common equity to risk-weighted assets stood at 19.15% and 14.83%, respectively, at December 31, 2013, compared with 17.35% and 13.18%, respectively, at December 31, 2012. The improvement in the Corporation’s regulatory capital ratios from the end of 2012 to December 31, 2013 was principally due to internal capital generation from earnings, partially offset by an increase in disallowed deferred tax assets.

On October 18, 2013, the Corporation submitted a formal application to the Federal Reserve of New York to redeem the $935 million in trust preferred securities due under the TARP, discussed in Note 23 to the accompanying financial statements. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be approved to repay TARP, nor on the timing of this event.

In summary, during 2013, the Corporation achieved a significant milestone in its de-risking strategy by reducing its non-performing assets, excluding covered assets, by $1.1 billion. The provision for loan losses declined as a result of improvements in credit metrics. Also, the Corporation maintained a strong net interest margin and a solid revenue stream. The Corporation capitalized on the sales of EVERTEC shares, which offset the losses incurred as part of the bulk sales of assets. The covered loans portfolio lower estimated losses, driving lower provisions and the U.S. operations showed profitable results. As mentioned above, the Corporation remains over the well-capitalized regulatory requirements at the end of 2013.

Moving forward, in Puerto Rico, the Corporation will continue to focus on its credit performance and to identify opportunities to add lower-risk assets that can be managed within the existing business platforms. In the U.S. mainland, the Corporation expects to

 

9


solidify the trend of improving credit quality by continuing the run-off or disposition of legacy portfolios, actively managing the existing classified portfolio, and identifying new asset growth opportunities in selected loan categories.

For further discussion of operating results, financial condition and business risks refer to the narrative and tables included herein.

The shares of the Corporation’s common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol BPOP. Table 4 shows the Corporation’s common stock performance on a quarterly basis during the last five years.

Table 4 - Common Stock Performance

 

    

 

Market Price    

       Cash Dividends
  Declared per Share
  

Book Value
Per Share

  

Dividend
Yield [1]

        

Price/
Earnings
Ratio

        

Market/Book
Ratio

     
     High      Low                       

 

 

2013

            $      44.26            N.M.      4.95     x       64.91     %   

4th quarter

   $     29.17      $     24.07              $               -                                    

3rd quarter

     34.20        26.25                      -                          

2nd quarter

     30.60        26.88                      -                          

1st quarter

     28.92        21.70                      -                          

2012

            39.35    N.M.      8.85      52.83  

4th quarter

   $ 20.90      $ 17.42              $               -                                    

3rd quarter

     18.74        13.55                      -                          

2nd quarter

     21.20        13.58                      -                          

1st quarter

     23.00        14.30                      -                          

2011

            37.71    N.M.      9.65      36.86  

4th quarter

   $ 19.00      $ 11.15              $               -                                    

3rd quarter

     28.30        13.70                      -                          

2nd quarter

     32.40        26.30                      -                          

1st quarter

     35.33        28.70                      -                          

2010

            36.67    N.M.      (50.65)      85.63  

4th quarter

   $ 31.40      $ 27.01              $               -                                    

3rd quarter

     29.50        24.50                      -                          

2nd quarter

     40.20        26.40                      -                          

1st quarter

     29.10        17.50                      -                          

2009

            38.91    2.55     %       9.46      58.08  

4th quarter

   $ 28.00      $ 21.20              $               -                                    

3rd quarter

     28.30        10.40                      -                          

2nd quarter

     36.60        21.90                      -                          

1st quarter

     55.20        14.70               0.20                   

 

 

[1] Based on the average high and low market price for the four quarters.

 

Note: All per share data has been adjusted to retroactively reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on May 29, 2012.

 

N.M. – Not meaningful.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES / ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Corporation and its subsidiaries conform with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America and general practices within the financial services industry. The Corporation’s significant accounting policies are described in detail in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

Critical accounting policies require management to make estimates and assumptions, which involve significant judgment about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that involve a high degree of subjectivity. These estimates are made under facts and circumstances at a point in time and changes in those facts and circumstances could produce actual results that differ from those estimates. The following MD&A section is a summary of what management considers the Corporation’s critical accounting policies / estimates.

Fair Value Measurement of Financial Instruments

 

10


The Corporation measures fair value as required by ASC Subtopic 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, which defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation currently measures at fair value on a recurring basis its trading assets, available-for-sale securities, derivatives, mortgage servicing rights and contingent consideration. Occasionally, the Corporation may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held-for-sale, impaired loans held-in-portfolio that are collateral dependent and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically result from the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The Corporation categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value under the three-level hierarchy. The level within the hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to the valuation methodology used for fair value measurement are observable. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

 

   

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date. No significant degree of judgment for these valuations is needed, as they are based on quoted prices that are readily available in an active market.

 

   

Level 2 - Quoted prices other than those included in Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

 

   

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value measurement of the financial asset or liability. Unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. The inputs are developed based on the best available information, which might include the Corporation’s own data such as internally-developed models and discounted cash flow analyses.

The Corporation requires the use of observable inputs when available, in order to minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine fair value. The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing on those securities. The amount of judgment involved in estimating the fair value of a financial instrument depends upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market parameters. In addition, it may be affected by other factors such as the type of instrument, the liquidity of the market for the instrument, transparency around the inputs to the valuation, as well as the contractual characteristics of the instrument.

If listed prices or quotes are not available, the Corporation employs valuation models that primarily use market-based inputs including yield curves, interest rate curves, volatilities, credit curves, and discount, prepayment and delinquency rates, among other considerations. When market observable data is not available, the valuation of financial instruments becomes more subjective and involves substantial judgment. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from diminished observability of both actual trades and assumptions resulting from the lack of market liquidity for those types of loans or securities. When fair values are estimated based on modeling techniques such as discounted cash flow models, the Corporation uses assumptions such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity rates and discount rates. Valuation adjustments are limited to those necessary to ensure that the financial instrument’s fair value is adequately representative of the price that would be received or paid in the marketplace.

The fair value measurements and disclosures guidance in ASC Subtopic 820-10 also addresses measuring fair value in situations where markets are inactive and transactions are not orderly. Transactions or quoted prices for assets and liabilities may not be determinative of fair value when transactions are not orderly and thus may require adjustments to estimate fair value. Price quotes based on transactions that are not orderly should be given little, if any, weight in measuring fair value. Price quotes based upon transactions that are orderly shall be considered in determining fair value and the weight given is based on facts and circumstances. If sufficient information is not available to determine if price quotes are based upon orderly transactions, less weight should be given to the price quote relative to other transactions that are known to be orderly.

The lack of liquidity is incorporated into the fair value measurement based on the type of asset measured and the valuation methodology used. An illiquid market is one in which little or no observable activity has occurred or one that lacks willing buyers or willing sellers. Discounted cash flow techniques incorporate forecasting of expected cash flows discounted at appropriate market discount rates which reflect the lack of liquidity in the market which a market participant would consider. Broker quotes used for fair

 

11


value measurements inherently reflect any lack of liquidity in the market since they represent an exit price from the perspective of the market participants.

Management believes that fair values are reasonable and consistent with the fair value measurement guidance based on the Corporation’s internal validation procedure and consistency of the processes followed, which include obtaining market quotes when possible or using valuation techniques that incorporate market-based inputs.

Refer to Note 32 to the consolidated financial statements for information on the Corporation’s fair value measurement disclosures required by the applicable accounting standard. At December 31, 2013, approximately $ 5.6 billion, or 97%, of the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis used market-based or market-derived valuation methodology and, therefore, were classified as Level 1 or Level 2. The majority of instruments measured at fair value were classified as Level 2, including U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities, obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions, most mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), and derivative instruments. U.S. Treasury securities were valued based on yields that were interpolated from the constant maturity treasury curve. Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities were priced based on an active exchange market and on quoted prices for similar securities. Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions were valued based on trades, bid price or spread, two sided markets, quotes, benchmark curves, market data feeds, discount and capital rates and trustee reports. MBS and CMOs were priced based on a bond’s theoretical value from similar bonds defined by credit quality and market sector. Refer to the Derivatives section below for a description of the valuation techniques used to value these derivative instruments.

The remaining 3% of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2013 were classified as Level 3 since their valuation methodology considered significant unobservable inputs. The financial assets measured as Level 3 included mostly Puerto Rico tax-exempt GNMA mortgage-backed securities and mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). GNMA tax exempt mortgage-backed securities are priced using a local demand price matrix prepared from local dealer quotes, and other local investments such as corporate securities and local mutual funds which are priced by local dealers. MSRs, on the other hand, are priced internally using a discounted cash flow model which considers servicing fees, portfolio characteristics, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenues, cost to service and other economic factors. Additionally, the Corporation reported $ 26 million of financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2013, all of which were classified as Level 3 in the hierarchy.

Broker quotes used for fair value measurements inherently reflect any lack of liquidity in the market since they represent an exit price from the perspective of the market participants. Financial assets that were fair valued using broker quotes amounted to $ 31 million at December 31, 2013, of which $ 17 million were Level 3 assets and $ 14 million were Level 2 assets. Level 3 assets consisted principally of tax-exempt GNMA mortgage-backed securities. Fair value for these securities was based on an internally-prepared matrix derived from an average of two indicative local broker quotes. The main input used in the matrix pricing was non-binding local broker quotes obtained from limited trade activity. Therefore, these securities were classified as Level 3.

There were no transfers in and/or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2011. There were no transfers in and/or out of Level 1 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2012. There were $ 2 million in transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 and $ 8 million in transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2012. The transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 of trading mortgage-backed securities were the result of a change in valuation technique to a matrix pricing model, based on indicative prices provided by brokers. The transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 of trading mortgage-backed securities resulted from observable market data becoming available for these securities. The Corporation’s policy is to recognize transfers as of the end of the reporting period.

Trading Account Securities and Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

The majority of the values for trading account securities and investment securities available-for-sale are obtained from third-party pricing services and are validated with alternate pricing sources when available. Securities not priced by a secondary pricing source are documented and validated internally according to their significance to the Corporation’s financial statements. Management has established materiality thresholds according to the investment class to monitor and investigate material deviations in prices obtained from the primary pricing service provider and the secondary pricing source used as support for the valuation results. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Corporation did not adjust any prices obtained from pricing service providers or broker dealers.

Inputs are evaluated to ascertain that they consider current market conditions, including the relative liquidity of the market. When a market quote for a specific security is not available, the pricing service provider generally uses observable data to derive an exit

 

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price for the instrument, such as benchmark yield curves and trade data for similar products. To the extent trading data is not available, the pricing service provider relies on specific information including dialogue with brokers, buy side clients, credit ratings, spreads to established benchmarks and transactions on similar securities, to draw correlations based on the characteristics of the evaluated instrument. If for any reason the pricing service provider cannot observe data required to feed its model, it discontinues pricing the instrument. During the year ended December 31, 2013, none of the Corporation’s investment securities were subject to pricing discontinuance by the pricing service providers. The pricing methodology and approach of our primary pricing service providers is concluded to be consistent with the fair value measurement guidance.

Furthermore, management assesses the fair value of its portfolio of investment securities at least on a quarterly basis, which includes analyzing changes in fair value that have resulted in losses that may be considered other-than-temporary. Factors considered include, for example, the nature of the investment, severity and duration of possible impairments, industry reports, sector credit ratings, economic environment, creditworthiness of the issuers and any guarantees.

Securities are classified in the fair value hierarchy according to product type, characteristics and market liquidity. At the end of each period, management assesses the valuation hierarchy for each asset or liability measured. The fair value measurement analysis performed by the Corporation includes validation procedures and review of market changes, pricing methodology, assumption and level hierarchy changes, and evaluation of distressed transactions.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s portfolio of trading and investment securities available-for-sale amounted to $ 5.6 billion and represented 97% of the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. At December 31, 2013, net unrealized gains on the trading securities approximated $7 million and net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities portfolio approximated to $ 51 million. Fair values for most of the Corporation’s trading and investment securities available-for-sale were classified as Level 2. Trading and investment securities available-for-sale classified as Level 3, which were the securities that involved the highest degree of judgment, represent less than 1% of the Corporation’s total portfolio of trading and investment securities available-for-sale.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), which amounted to $ 161 million at December 31, 2013, and are primarily related to residential mortgage loans originated in Puerto Rico, do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Fair value is estimated based upon discounted net cash flows calculated from a combination of loan level data and market assumptions. The valuation model combines loans with common characteristics that impact servicing cash flows (e.g. investor, remittance cycle, interest rate, product type, etc.) in order to project net cash flows. Market valuation assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rate, cost to service, escrow account earnings, and contractual servicing fee income, among other considerations. Prepayment speeds are derived from market data that is more relevant to the U.S. mainland loan portfolios and, thus, are adjusted for the Corporation’s loan characteristics and portfolio behavior since prepayment rates in Puerto Rico have been historically lower. Other assumptions are, in the most part, directly obtained from third-party providers. Disclosure of two of the key economic assumptions used to measure MSRs, which are prepayment speed and discount rate, and a sensitivity analysis to adverse changes to these assumptions, is included in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.

Derivatives

Derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and indexed options, are traded in over-the-counter active markets. These derivatives are indexed to an observable interest rate benchmark, such as LIBOR or equity indexes, and are priced using an income approach based on present value and option pricing models using observable inputs. Other derivatives are liquid and have quoted prices, such as forward contracts or “to be announced securities” (“TBAs”). All of these derivatives held by the Corporation were classified as Level 2. Valuations of derivative assets and liabilities reflect the values associated with counterparty risk and nonperformance risk, respectively. The non-performance risk, which measures the Corporation’s own credit risk, is determined using internally-developed models that consider the net realizable value of the collateral posted, remaining term, and the creditworthiness or credit standing of the Corporation. The counterparty risk is also determined using internally-developed models which incorporate the creditworthiness of the entity that bears the risk, net realizable value of the collateral received, and available public data or internally-developed data to determine their probability of default. To manage the level of credit risk, the Corporation employs procedures for credit approvals and credit limits, monitors the counterparties’ credit condition, enters into master netting agreements whenever possible and, when appropriate, requests additional collateral. During the year ended December 31, 2013, inclusion of credit risk in the fair value of the derivatives resulted in a net gain of $1.5 million recorded in the other operating income and interest expense captions of the consolidated statement of operations, which consisted of a gain of $0.5 million resulting from the Corporation’s own credit standing adjustment and a gain of $1.0 million from the assessment of the counterparties’ credit risk.

 

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Contingent consideration liability

The fair value of the true-up payment obligation (contingent consideration) to the FDIC as it relates to the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction amounted to $128 million at December 31, 2013. The fair value was estimated using projected cash flows related to the loss sharing agreements at the true-up measurement date, taking into consideration the intrinsic loss estimate, asset premium/discount, cumulative shared loss payments, and the cumulative servicing amount related to the loan portfolio. Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of the true-up payment formula. The true-up payment obligation was discounted using a term rate consistent with the time remaining until the payment is due. The discount rate was an estimate of the sum of the risk-free benchmark rate for the term remaining before the true-up payment is due and a risk premium to account for the credit risk profile of BPPR. The risk premium was calculated based on a 12-month trailing average spread of the yields on corporate bonds with credit ratings similar to BPPR.

Loans held-in-portfolio considered impaired under ASC Section 310-10-35 that are collateral dependent

The impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, size and supply and demand. The challenging conditions of the housing markets continue to affect the market activity related to real estate properties. These collateral dependent impaired loans are classified as Level 3 and are reported as a nonrecurring fair value measurement.

Loans measured at fair value pursuant to lower of cost or fair value adjustments

Loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis pursuant to lower of cost or fair value were priced based on secondary market prices and discounted cash flow models which incorporate internally-developed assumptions for prepayments and credit loss estimates. These loans are classified as Level 3.

Other real estate owned and other foreclosed assets

Other real estate owned includes real estate properties securing mortgage, consumer, and commercial loans. Other foreclosed assets include automobiles securing auto loans. The fair value of foreclosed assets may be determined using an external appraisal, broker price opinion, internal valuation or binding offer. The majority of these foreclosed assets is classified as Level 3 since they are subject to internal adjustments and reported as a nonrecurring fair value measurement.

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Interest on loans is accrued and recorded as interest income based upon the principal amount outstanding.

Non-accrual loans are those loans on which the accrual of interest is discontinued. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all previously accrued and unpaid interest is charged against income and the loan is accounted for either on a cash-basis method or on the cost-recovery method. Loans designated as non-accruing are returned to accrual status when the Corporation expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest. The determination as to the ultimate collectability of the loan’s balance may involve management’s judgment in the evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment.

Refer to the MD&A section titled Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality, particularly the Non-performing assets sub-section, for a detailed description of the Corporation’s non-accruing and charge-off policies by major loan categories.

One of the most critical and complex accounting estimates is associated with the determination of the allowance for loan losses. The provision for loan losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The Corporation’s assessment of the allowance for loan losses is determined in accordance with accounting guidance, specifically guidance of loss contingencies in ASC Subtopic 450-20 and loan impairment guidance in ASC Section 310-10-35.

The accounting guidance provides for the recognition of a loss allowance for groups of homogeneous loans. The determination for general reserves of the allowance for loan losses includes the following principal factors:

 

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Base net loss rates, which are based on the moving average of annualized net loss rates computed over a 3-year historical loss period for the commercial and construction loan portfolios, and an 18-month period for the consumer and mortgage loan portfolios. The base net loss rates are applied by loan type and by legal entity.

 

   

Recent loss trend adjustment, which replaces the base loss rate with a 12-month average loss rate for the commercial, construction and legacy loan portfolios and 6-month average loss rate for the consumer and mortgage loan portfolios, when these trends are higher than the respective base loss rates, up to a determined cap in the case of consumer and mortgage loan portfolios. The objective of this adjustment is to allow for a more recent loss trend to be captured and reflected in the ALLL estimation process, while limiting excessive pro-cyclicality on changing economic periods using caps for the consumer and mortgage portfolios given the shorter six month look back window. These caps are calibrated annually at the end of each year and consistently applied until the next annual review. As part of the periodic review of the adequacy of the ALLL models and related assumptions, management monitors and reviews the loan segments for which the caps are being triggered in order to assess the reasonability of the cap in light of the risk profile of the portfolio and current credit and loss trends. Upon the completion of these qualitative reviews, management may make reserve adjustments that may partially or fully override the effect of the caps, if warranted. The caps are determined by measuring historic periods in which the recent loss trend adjustment rates were higher than the base loss rates and setting the cap at a percentile of the historic trend loss rates.

For the period ended December 31, 2013, the recent loss trend adjustment caps for the consumer and mortgage portfolios were triggered in only one portfolio segment within the Puerto Rico consumer portfolio. Management assessed the impact of the applicable cap through a review of qualitative factors that specifically considered the drivers of recent loss trends and changes to the portfolio composition. The related effect of the aforementioned cap was immaterial for the overall level of the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses for the Puerto Rico consumer portfolio.

For the period ended December 31, 2012, the recent loss trend adjustment caps for the consumer and mortgage portfolios were triggered in three consumer portfolio segments and one mortgage portfolio segment in the Puerto Rico region, and three consumer portfolio segments in the US region. Management assessed the adequacy of the applicable caps through a review of qualitative factors and recorded a $4 million qualitative offsetting adjustment that reversed the effect of the cap on the overall level of the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses for the Puerto Rico mortgage portfolio. This offsetting adjustment considered the aforementioned review of qualitative factors, specifically, the 2012 revision to the Corporation’s charge-off policy that resulted in higher loss trends for this portfolio. The related effect of the aforementioned Puerto Rico and US region caps was immaterial for the overall level of the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses for the corresponding portfolios.

At December 31, 2012, the impact of the use of recent loss trend adjustment caps on the overall level of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses for the commercial portfolio was immaterial. The use of recent loss trend adjustment caps in the commercial portfolio was eliminated in the second quarter of 2013.

For the period ended December 31, 2013, 27% (2012 – 32%) of the ALLL for BPPR non-covered loan portfolios utilized the recent loss trend adjustment instead of the base loss. The effect of replacing the base loss with the recent loss trend adjustment was mainly concentrated in the commercial multi-family, leasing, and auto loan portfolios for 2013, and in the commercial multi-family, commercial and industrial, construction, credit cards, and personal loan portfolios for 2012.

For the period ended December 31, 2013, 29% (2012 – 8%) of the ALLL for BPNA loan portfolios utilized the recent loss trend adjustment instead of the base loss. The effect of replacing the base loss with the recent loss trend adjustment was mainly concentrated in the commercial multi-family, commercial real estate non-owner occupied, commercial and industrial and legacy loan portfolios for 2013, and in the construction and legacy loan portfolios for 2012.

 

   

Environmental factors, which include credit and macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment rate, economic activity index and delinquency rates, were adopted to account for current market conditions that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical losses. The Corporation reflects the effect of these environmental factors on each loan group as an adjustment that, as appropriate, increases or decreases the historical loss rate applied to each group. Environmental factors provide updated perspective on credit and economic conditions. Regression analysis was used to select these indicators and quantify the effect on the general reserve of the allowance for loan losses.

During the second quarter of 2013, management enhanced the estimation process for evaluating the adequacy of the general reserve component of the allowance for loan losses. The enhancements to the ALLL methodology, which are described in the paragraphs below, were implemented as of June 30, 2013 and resulted in a net increase to the allowance for loan losses of $11.8 million for the non-covered portfolio and $7.5 million for the covered portfolio.

Management made the following principal changes to the methodology during the second quarter of 2013:

 

   

Incorporated risk ratings to establish a more granular stratification of the commercial, construction and legacy loan portfolios to enhance the homogeneity of the loan classes. Prior to the second quarter enhancements, the Corporation’s loan segmentation was based on product type, line of business and legal entity. During the second quarter of 2013, lines of business were simplified and a regulatory risk classification level was added. These changes increase the homogeneity of each portfolio and capture the higher potential for loan loss in the criticized and substandard accruing categories.

These enhancements resulted in a decrease to the allowance for loan losses of $42.9 million at June 30, 2013, which consisted of a $35.7 million decrease in the non-covered BPPR segment and a $7.2 million reduction in the BPNA segment.

 

   

Recalibration and enhancements of the environmental factors adjustment. The environmental factor adjustments are developed by performing regression analyses on selected credit and economic indicators for each applicable loan segment. Prior to the second quarter enhancements, these adjustments were applied in the form of a set of multipliers and weights assigned to credit and economic indicators. During the second quarter of 2013, the environmental factor models used to account for changes in current credit and macroeconomic conditions, were enhanced and recalibrated based on the latest applicable trends. Also, as part of these enhancements, environmental factors are directly applied to the adjusted base loss rates using regression models based on particular credit data for the segment and relevant economic factors. These enhancements result in a more precise adjustment by having recalibrated models with improved

 

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statistical analysis and eliminating the multiplier concept that ensures that environmental factors are sufficiently sensitive to changing economic conditions.

The combined effect of the aforementioned changes to the environmental factors adjustment resulted in an increase to the allowance for loan losses of $52.5 million at June 30, 2013, of which $56.1 million related to the non-covered BPPR segment, offset in part by a $3.6 million reduction in the BPNA segment.

There were additional enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology which accounted for an increase of $9.7 million at June 30, 2013 at the BPPR segment. These enhancements included the elimination of the use of a cap for the commercial recent loss adjustment (12-month average), the incorporation of a minimum general reserve assumption for the commercial, construction and legacy portfolios with minimal or zero loss history, and the application of the enhanced ALLL framework to the covered loan portfolio.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the principal and/or interest are not going to be collected according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Current information and events include “environmental” factors, e.g. existing industry, geographical, economic and political factors. Probable means the future event or events which will confirm the loss or impairment of the loan is likely to occur.

According to the accounting guidance criteria for specific impairment of a loan, the Corporation defines as impaired loans those commercial and construction borrowers with total debt greater than or equal to $1 million classified as “Substandard Non-Accrual”, “Doubtful” or “Loss”, as well as non-accrual loans and trouble debt restructurings. Commercial and construction loans that originally met the Corporation’s threshold for impairment identification in a prior period, but due to charge-offs or payments are currently below the $1 million threshold and are still 90 days past due, except for TDRs, are accounted for under the Corporation’s general reserve methodology. Although the accounting codification guidance for specific impairment of a loan excludes large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment (e.g. mortgage and consumer loans), it specifically requires that loan modifications considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) be analyzed under its provisions. An allowance for loan impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of an impaired loan exceeds the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate, the observable market price of the loan, if available, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The fair value of the collateral on commercial and construction loans is generally derived from appraisals. The Corporation periodically requires updated appraisal reports for loans that are considered impaired. The frequency of updated appraisals depends on total debt outstanding and type of collateral. Currently, for commercial and construction loans secured by real estate, if the borrower’s total debt is equal to or greater than $1 million, the appraisal is updated annually. If the borrower’s total debt is less than $1 million, the appraisal is updated at least every two years.

As a general procedure, the Corporation internally reviews appraisals as part of the underwriting and approval process and also for credits considered impaired following certain materiality benchmarks. Appraisals may be adjusted due to their age, property conditions, geographical area or general market conditions. The adjustments applied are based upon internal information, like other appraisals and/or loss severity information that can provide historical trends in the real estate market. Discount rates used may change from time-to-time based on management’s estimates. Refer to the Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality section of this MD&A for more detailed information on the Corporation’s collateral value estimation for other real estate.

The Corporation’s management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Corporation must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the years of historical data to include when estimating losses, the level of volatility of losses in a specific portfolio, changes in underwriting standards, financial accounting standards and loan impairment measurement, among others. Changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss experience and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the allowance for loan losses. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The collateral dependent method is generally used for the impairment determination on commercial and construction loans since the expected realizable value of the loan is based upon the proceeds received from the liquidation of the collateral property. For commercial properties, the “as is” value or the “income approach” value is used depending on the financial condition of the subject

 

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borrower and/or the nature of the subject collateral. In most cases, impaired commercial loans do not have reliable or sustainable cash flow to use the discounted cash flow valuation method. On construction loans, “as developed” collateral values are used when the loan is originated since the assumption is that the cash flow of the property once leased or sold will provide sufficient funds to repay the loan. In the case of many impaired construction loans, the “as developed” collateral value is also used since completing the project reflects the best exit strategy in terms of potential loss reduction. In these cases, the costs to complete are considered as part of the impairment determination. As a general rule, the appraisal valuation used by the Corporation for impaired construction loans is based on discounted value to a single purchaser, discounted sell out or “as is” depending on the condition and status of the project and the performance of the same.

A restructuring constitutes a TDR when the Corporation separately concludes that both of the following conditions exist: (i) the restructuring constitutes a concession and (ii) the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The concessions stem from an agreement between the creditor and the debtor or are imposed by law or a court. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. A concession has been granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Corporation does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest accrued at the original contract rate. If the payment of principal is dependent on the value of collateral, the current value of the collateral is taken into consideration in determining the amount of principal to be collected; therefore, all factors that changed are considered to determine if a concession was granted, including the change in the fair value of the underlying collateral that may be used to repay the loan. In addition, in order to expedite the resolution of delinquent construction and commercial loans, the Corporation routinely enters into liquidation agreements with borrowers and guarantors through the regular legal process, bankruptcy procedures and in certain occasions, out of Court transactions. These liquidation agreements, in general, contemplate the following conditions: (1) consent to judgment by the borrowers and guarantors; (2) acknowledgement by the borrower of debt, its liquidity and maturity; (3) acknowledgement of the default payments. The contractual interest rate is not reduced and continues to accrue during the term of the agreement. At the end of the period, borrower is obligated to remit all amounts due or be subject to the Corporation’s exercise of its foreclosure rights and further collection efforts. Likewise, the borrower’s failure to make stipulated payments will grant the Corporation the ability to exercise its foreclosure rights. This strategy procures to expedite the foreclosure process, resulting in a more effective and efficient collection process. Although in general, these liquidation agreements do not contemplate the forgiveness of principal or interest as debtor is required to cover all outstanding amounts when the agreement becomes due, it could be construed that the Corporation has granted a concession by temporarily accepting a payment schedule that is different from the contractual payment schedule. Accordingly, loans under this program are considered TDRs.

Classification of loan modifications as TDRs involves a degree of judgment. Indicators that the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties which are considered include: (i) the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt or it is probable that the borrower would be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification; (ii) the borrower has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy; (iii) there is significant doubt as to whether the borrower will continue to be a going concern; (iv) the borrower has securities that have been delisted, are in the process of being delisted, or are under threat of being delisted from an exchange; (v) based on estimates and projections that only encompass the borrower’s current business capabilities, it is forecasted that the entity-specific cash flows will be insufficient to service the debt (both interest and principal) in accordance with the contractual terms of the existing agreement through maturity; and (vi) absent the current modification, the borrower cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at an effective interest rate equal to the current market interest rate for similar debt for a non-troubled debtor. The identification of TDRs is critical in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Loans classified as TDRs are excluded from TDR status if performance under the restructured terms exists for a reasonable period (at least twelve months of sustained performance) and the loan yields a market rate.

For mortgage and other consumer loans that are modified with regard to payment terms and which constitute TDRs, the discounted cash flow value method is used as the impairment valuation is more appropriately calculated based on the ongoing cash flow from the individuals rather than the liquidation of the collateral asset. The computations give consideration to probability of default and loss-given default on the related estimated cash flows.

Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for disclosures on the impact of adopting ASU 2011-02 and to Note 3 for a general description of the ASU 2011-02 guidance.

Acquisition Accounting for Covered Loans and Related Indemnification Asset

 

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The Corporation accounted for the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction under the accounting guidance of ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires the use of the purchase method of accounting. All identifiable assets and liabilities acquired were initially recorded at fair value. No allowance for loan losses related to the acquired loans was recorded on the acquisition date as the fair value of the loans acquired incorporated assumptions regarding credit risk. Loans acquired were recorded at fair value in accordance with the fair value methodology prescribed in ASC Topic 820, exclusive of the shared-loss agreements with the FDIC. These fair value estimates associated with the loans included estimates related to expected prepayments and the amount and timing of expected principal, interest and other cash flows.

Because the FDIC has agreed to reimburse the Corporation for losses related to the acquired loans in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction, subject to certain provisions specified in the agreements, an indemnification asset was recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. The indemnification asset was recognized at the same time as the indemnified loans, and is measured on the same basis, subject to collectability or contractual limitations. The loss share indemnification asset on the acquisition date reflected the reimbursements expected to be received from the FDIC, using an appropriate discount rate, which reflected counterparty credit risk and other uncertainties.

The initial valuation of these loans and related indemnification asset required management to make subjective judgments concerning estimates about how the acquired loans would perform in the future using valuation methods, including discounted cash flow analyses and independent third-party appraisals. Factors that may significantly affect the initial valuation included, among others, market-based and industry data related to expected changes in interest rates, assumptions related to probability and severity of credit losses, estimated timing of credit losses including the timing of foreclosure and liquidation of collateral, expected prepayment rates, required or anticipated loan modifications, unfunded loan commitments, the specific terms and provisions of any loss share agreements, and specific industry and market conditions that may impact discount rates and independent third-party appraisals.

The Corporation applied the guidance of ASC Subtopic 310-30 to all loans acquired in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction (including loans that do not meet the scope of ASC Subtopic 310-30), except for credit cards and revolving lines of credit. ASC Subtopic 310-30 provides two specific criteria that have to be met in order for a loan to be within its scope: (1) credit deterioration on the loan from its inception until the acquisition date and (2) that it is probable that not all of the contractual cash flows will be collected on the loan. Once in the scope of ASC Subtopic 310-30, the credit portion of the fair value discount on an acquired loan cannot be accreted into income until the acquirer has assessed that it expects to receive more cash flows on the loan than initially anticipated.

Acquired loans that meet the definition of nonaccrual status fall within the Corporation’s definition of impaired loans under ASC Subtopic 310-30. It is possible that performing loans would not meet criteria number 1 above related to evidence of credit deterioration since the date of loan origination, and therefore not fall within the scope of ASC Subtopic 310-30. Based on the fair value determined for the acquired portfolio, acquired loans that did not meet the Corporation’s definition of non-accrual status also resulted in the recognition of a significant discount attributable to credit quality.

Given the significant discount related to credit in the valuation of the Westernbank acquired portfolio, the Corporation considered two possible options for the performing loans (1) accrete the entire fair value discount (including the credit portion) using the interest method over the life of the loan in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20; or (2) analogize to ASC Subtopic 310-30 and only accrete the portion of the fair value discount unrelated to credit.

Pursuant to an AICPA letter dated December 18, 2009, the AICPA summarized the SEC Staff’s view regarding the accounting in subsequent periods for discount accretion associated with loan receivables acquired in a business combination or asset purchase. Regarding the accounting for such loan receivables, in the absence of further standard setting, the AICPA understands that the SEC Staff would not object to an accounting policy based on contractual cash flows (Option 1 - ASC Subtopic 310-20 approach) or an accounting policy based on expected cash flows (Option 2 – ASC Subtopic 310-30 approach). As such, the Corporation considered the two allowable options as follows:

 

   

Option 1 - Since the credit portion of the fair value discount is associated with an expectation of cash flows that an acquirer does not expect to receive over the life of the loan, it does not appear appropriate to accrete that portion over the life of the loan as doing so could eventually overstate the acquirer’s expected value of the loan and ultimately result in recognizing income (i.e. through the accretion of the yield) on a portion of the loan it does not expect to receive. Therefore, the Corporation does not believe this is an appropriate method to apply.

 

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Option 2 – The Corporation believes analogizing to ASC Subtopic 310-30 is the more appropriate option to follow in accounting for the credit portion of the fair value discount. By doing so, the loan is only being accreted up to the value that the acquirer expected to receive at acquisition of the loan.

Based on the above, the Corporation elected Option 2 – the ASC Subtopic 310-30 approach to the outstanding balance for all the acquired loans in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction with the exception of revolving lines of credit with active privileges as of the acquisition date, which are explicitly scoped out by the ASC Subtopic 310-30 accounting guidance. New advances / draws after the acquisition date under existing credit lines that did not have revolving privileges as of the acquisition date, particularly for construction loans, will effectively be treated as a “new” loan for accounting purposes and accounted for under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 310-20, resulting in a hybrid accounting for the overall construction loan balance.

Management used judgment in evaluating factors impacting expected cash flows and probable loss assumptions, including the quality of the loan portfolio, portfolio concentrations, distressed economic conditions in Puerto Rico, quality of underwriting standards of the acquired institution, reductions in collateral real estate values, and material weaknesses disclosed by the acquired institution, including matters related to credit quality review and appraisal report review.

At April 30, 2010, the acquired loans accounted for pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-30 by the Corporation totaled $4.9 billion which represented undiscounted unpaid contractually-required principal and interest balances of $9.9 billion reduced by a discount of $5.0 billion resulting from acquisition date fair value adjustments. The non-accretable discount on loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30 amounted to $3.4 billion or approximately 68% of the total discount, thus indicating a significant amount of expected credit losses on the acquired portfolios.

Pursuant to ASC Section 310-20-15-5, the Corporation aggregated loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted transaction into pools with common risk characteristics for purposes of applying the recognition, measurement and disclosure provisions of this subtopic. Each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. Characteristics considered in pooling loans in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction included loan type, interest rate type, accruing status, amortization type, rate index and source type. Once the pools are defined, the Corporation maintains the integrity of the pool of multiple loans accounted for as a single asset.

Under ASC Subtopic 310-30, the difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the fair value of the loans, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized as interest income using the effective yield method over the estimated life of the loan if the timing and amount of the future cash flows of the pool is reasonably estimable. The non-accretable difference represents the difference between contractually required principal and interest and the cash flows expected to be collected. Subsequent to the acquisition date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the acquisition date are recognized as interest income prospectively as an adjustment to accretable yield over the pool’s remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows after the acquisition date are generally recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses.

The fair value discount of lines of credit with revolving privileges that are accounted for pursuant to the guidance of ASC Subtopic 310-20, represented the difference between the contractually required loan payment receivable in excess of the initial investment in the loan. Any cash flows collected in excess of the carrying amount of the loan are recognized in earnings at the time of collection. The carrying amount of lines of credit with revolving privileges, which are accounted pursuant to the guidance of ASC Subtopic 310-20, are subject to periodic review to determine the need for recognizing an allowance for loan losses.

The FDIC loss share indemnification asset for loss share agreements is measured separately from the related covered assets as it is not contractually embedded in the assets and is not transferable with the assets should the assets be sold.

The FDIC loss share indemnification asset is recognized on the same basis as the assets subject to loss share protection, except that the amortization / accretion terms differ for each asset. For covered loans accounted for pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-30, decreases in expected reimbursements from the FDIC due to improvements in expected cash flows to be received from borrowers are recognized in non-interest income prospectively over the life of the FDIC loss sharing agreements. For covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20, as the loan discount recorded as of the acquisition date was accreted into income, a reduction of the related indemnification asset was recorded as a reduction in non-interest income. Increases in expected reimbursements from the FDIC are recognized in non-interest income in the same period that the allowance for credit losses for the related loans is recognized.

Over the life of the acquired loans that are accounted under ASC Subtopic 310-30, the Corporation continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected on individual loans or on pools of loans sharing common risk characteristics. The Corporation evaluates at each balance sheet date whether the present value of its loans determined using the effective interest rates has decreased based

 

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on revised estimated cash flows and if so, recognizes a provision for loan loss in its consolidated statement of operations and an allowance for loan losses in its consolidated statement of financial condition. For any increases in cash flows expected to be collected from borrowers, the Corporation adjusts the amount of accretable yield recognized on the loans on a prospective basis over the pool’s remaining life.

The evaluation of estimated cash flows expected to be collected subsequent to acquisition on loans accounted pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-30 and inherent losses on loans accounted pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-20 require the continued usage of key assumptions and estimates. Given the current economic environment, the Corporation must apply judgment to develop its estimates of cash flows considering the impact of home price and property value changes, changing loss severities and prepayment speeds. Decreases in the expected cash flows for ASC Subtopic 310-30 loans and decreases in the net realizable value of ASC Subtopic 310-20 loans will generally result in a charge to the provision for credit losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. These estimates are particularly sensitive to changes in loan credit quality.

The amount that the Corporation realizes on the covered loans and related indemnification assets could differ materially from the carrying value reflected in these financial statements, based upon the timing and amount of collections on the acquired loans in future periods. The Corporation’s losses on these assets may be mitigated to the extent covered under the specific terms and provisions of the loss share agreements.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, and attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the changes are enacted.

The calculation of periodic income taxes is complex and requires the use of estimates and judgments. The Corporation has recorded two accruals for income taxes: (i) the net estimated amount currently due or to be received from taxing jurisdictions, including any reserve for potential examination issues, and (ii) a deferred income tax that represents the estimated impact of temporary differences between how the Corporation recognizes assets and liabilities under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP), and how such assets and liabilities are recognized under the tax code. Differences in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could impact the Corporation’s financial position or its results of operations. In estimating taxes, management assesses the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions taking into consideration statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance.

A deferred tax asset should be reduced by a valuation allowance if based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. The valuation allowance should be sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The determination of whether a deferred tax asset is realizable is based on weighting all available evidence, including both positive and negative evidence. The realization of deferred tax assets, including carryforwards and deductible temporary differences, depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income of the same character during the carryback or carryforward period. The realization of deferred tax assets requires the consideration of all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax asset, including the future reversal of existing temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years and tax-planning strategies.

For purposes of assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets in the U.S. mainland management evaluates and weights all available positive and negative evidence. The Corporation’s U.S. mainland operations are no longer in a cumulative loss position for the three-year period ended December 31, 2013 taking into account taxable income adjusted by temporary differences. This represents positive evidence within management’s evaluation. The assessment as of December 31, 2013 considers the book income for 2013 and excludes the loss recorded during the fourth quarter of 2010, which previously drove the cumulative loss position. The book income for 2013 was significantly impacted by a reversal of the loan loss provision due to the improved credit quality of the loan portfolios. However, the U.S. mainland operations did not report taxable income for any of the three years evaluated. Future realization of the deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under the tax law. The lack of taxable income together with the uncertainties regarding future performance represents strong negative evidence within management’s evaluation. After weighting of all positive

 

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and negative evidence management concluded, as of the reporting date, that it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be able to realize any portion of the deferred tax assets, considering the criteria of ASC Topic 740.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s net deferred tax assets related to its Puerto Rico operations amounted to $790 million. The Corporation’s Puerto Rico Banking operation is not in a cumulative loss position and has sustained profitability during the years 2012 and 2013, exclusive of the loss generated on the sales of non performing assets that took place in 2013 which is not a continuing condition of the operations. This is considered a strong piece of objectively verifiable positive evidence that out weights any negative evidence considered by management in the evaluation of the realization of the deferred tax asset. Based on this evidence, the Corporation has concluded that it is more likely than not that such net deferred tax asset of the Puerto Rico operations will be realized.

Under the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are treated as separate taxable entities and are not entitled to file consolidated tax returns. The Code provides a dividends-received deduction of 100% on dividends received from “controlled” subsidiaries subject to taxation in Puerto Rico and 85% on dividends received from other taxable domestic corporations.

Changes in the Corporation’s estimates can occur due to changes in tax rates, new business strategies, newly enacted guidance, and resolution of issues with taxing authorities regarding previously taken tax positions. Such changes could affect the amount of accrued taxes. The current income tax payable for 2013 has been paid during the year in accordance with estimated tax payments rules. Any remaining payment will not have any significant impact on liquidity and capital resources.

The valuation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. The accounting for deferred tax consequences represents management’s best estimate of those future events. Changes in management’s current estimates, due to unanticipated events, could have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation establishes tax liabilities or reduces tax assets for uncertain tax positions when, despite its assessment that its tax return positions are appropriate and supportable under local tax law, the Corporation believes it may not succeed in realizing the tax benefit of certain positions if challenged. In evaluating a tax position, the Corporation determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Corporation’s estimate of the ultimate tax liability contains assumptions based on past experiences, and judgments about potential actions by taxing jurisdictions as well as judgments about the likely outcome of issues that have been raised by taxing jurisdictions. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Corporation evaluates these uncertain tax positions each quarter and adjusts the related tax liabilities or assets in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit or the expiration of a statute of limitations. The Corporation believes the estimates and assumptions used to support its evaluation of uncertain tax positions are reasonable.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest, at December 31, 2013 amounted to $11.9 million. Refer to Note 40 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on this subject matter. The Corporation anticipates a reduction in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months, which could amount to approximately $7.6 million.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions. Although the outcome of tax audits is uncertain, the Corporation believes that adequate amounts of tax, interest and penalties have been provided for any adjustments that are expected to result from open years. From time to time, the Corporation is audited by various federal, state and local authorities regarding income tax matters. Although management believes its approach in determining the appropriate tax treatment is supportable and in accordance with the accounting standards, it is possible that the final tax authority will take a tax position that is different than the tax position reflected in the Corporation’s income tax provision and other tax reserves. As each audit is conducted, adjustments, if any, are appropriately recorded in the consolidated financial statement in the period determined. Such differences could have an adverse effect on the Corporation’s income tax provision or benefit, or other tax reserves, in the reporting period in which such determination is made and, consequently, on the Corporation’s results of operations, financial position and / or cash flows for such period.

Goodwill

 

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The Corporation’s goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets having an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment. Intangibles with indefinite lives are evaluated for impairment at least annually, and on a more frequent basis, if events or circumstances indicate impairment could have taken place. Such events could include, among others, a significant adverse change in the business climate, an adverse action by a regulator, an unanticipated change in the competitive environment and a decision to change the operations or dispose of a reporting unit.

Under applicable accounting standards, goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step must be performed. The second step involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated possible impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination, which is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate fair values of the individual assets, liabilities and identifiable intangibles (including any unrecognized intangible assets, such as unrecognized core deposits and trademark) as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the price paid to acquire the reporting unit. The Corporation estimates the fair values of the assets and liabilities of a reporting unit, consistent with the requirements of the fair value measurements accounting standard, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of the assets and liabilities reflects market conditions, thus volatility in prices could have a material impact on the determination of the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill at the impairment test date. The adjustments to measure the assets, liabilities and intangibles at fair value are for the purpose of measuring the implied fair value of goodwill and such adjustments are not reflected in the consolidated statement of condition. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. An impairment loss recognized cannot exceed the amount of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit, and the loss establishes a new basis in the goodwill. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not permitted under applicable accounting standards.

At December 31, 2013, goodwill amounted to $648 million. Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements provides the assignment of goodwill by reportable segment and the Corporate group.

The Corporation performed the annual goodwill impairment evaluation for the entire organization during the third quarter of 2013 using July 31, 2013 as the annual evaluation date. The reporting units utilized for this evaluation were those that are one level below the business segments, which are the legal entities within the reportable segment. The Corporation assigns goodwill to the reporting units when carrying out a business combination.

In determining the fair value of a reporting unit, the Corporation generally uses a combination of methods, including market price multiples of comparable companies and transactions, as well as discounted cash flow analysis. Management evaluates the particular circumstances of each reporting unit in order to determine the most appropriate valuation methodology. The Corporation evaluates the results obtained under each valuation methodology to identify and understand the key value drivers in order to ascertain that the results obtained are reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances. Elements considered include current market and economic conditions, developments in specific lines of business, and any particular features in the individual reporting units.

The computations require management to make estimates and assumptions. Critical assumptions that are used as part of these evaluations include:

 

 

a selection of comparable publicly traded companies, based on nature of business, location and size;

 

a selection of comparable acquisition and capital raising transactions;

 

the discount rate applied to future earnings, based on an estimate of the cost of equity;

 

the potential future earnings of the reporting unit; and

 

the market growth and new business assumptions.

For purposes of the market comparable approach, valuations were determined by calculating average price multiples of relevant value drivers from a group of companies that are comparable to the reporting unit being analyzed and applying those price multiples to the value drivers of the reporting unit. Multiples used are minority based multiples and thus, no control premium adjustment is

 

22


made to the comparable companies market multiples. While the market price multiple is not an assumption, a presumption that it provides an indicator of the value of the reporting unit is inherent in the valuation. The determination of the market comparables also involves a degree of judgment.

For purposes of the discounted cash flows (“DCF”) approach, the valuation is based on estimated future cash flows. The financial projections used in the DCF valuation analysis for each reporting unit are based on the most recent (as of the valuation date) financial projections presented to the Corporation’s Asset / Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”). The growth assumptions included in these projections are based on management’s expectations for each reporting unit’s financial prospects considering economic and industry conditions as well as particular plans of each entity (i.e. restructuring plans, de-leveraging, etc.). The cost of equity used to discount the cash flows was calculated using the Ibbotson Build-Up Method and ranged from 13.5% to 17.34% for the 2013 analysis. The Ibbotson Build-Up Method builds up a cost of equity starting with the rate of return of a “risk-free” asset (20-year U.S. Treasury note) and adds to it additional risk elements such as equity risk premium, size premium and industry risk premium. The resulting discount rates were analyzed in terms of reasonability given the current market conditions and adjustments were made when necessary.

For BPNA, the only reporting unit that failed Step 1, the Corporation determined the fair value of Step 1 utilizing a DCF approach and a market value approach. The market value approach is based on a combination of price multiples from comparable companies and multiples from capital raising transactions of comparable companies. The market multiples used included “price to book” and “price to tangible book”. The Step 1 fair value for BPNA under both valuation approaches (market and DCF) was below the carrying amount of its equity book value as of the valuation date (July 31), requiring the completion of Step 2. In accordance with accounting standards, the Corporation performed a valuation of all assets and liabilities of BPNA, including any recognized and unrecognized intangible assets, to determine the fair value of BPNA’s net assets. To complete Step 2, the Corporation subtracted from BPNA’s Step 1 fair value the determined fair value of the net assets to arrive at the implied fair value of goodwill. The results of the Step 2 indicated that the implied fair value of goodwill exceeded the goodwill carrying value of $402 million at July 31, 2013 resulting in no goodwill impairment. The reduction in BPNA’s Step 1 fair value was offset by a reduction in the fair value of its net assets, resulting in an implied fair value of goodwill that exceeds the recorded book value of goodwill.

The analysis of the results for Step 2 indicates that the reduction in the fair value of the reporting unit was mainly attributed to the deteriorated fair value of the loan portfolios and not to the fair value of the reporting unit as a going concern. The current negative performance of the reporting unit is principally related to deteriorated credit quality in its loan portfolio, which is consistent with the results of the Step 2 analysis. The fair value determined for BPNA’s loan portfolio in the July 31, 2013 annual test represented a discount of 15.1%, compared with 18.2% at July 2012. The discount is mainly attributed to market participant’s expected rate of returns.

If the Step 1 fair value of BPNA declines further in the future without a corresponding decrease in the fair value of its net assets or if loan discounts improve without a corresponding increase in the Step 1 fair value, the Corporation may be required to record a goodwill impairment charge. The Corporation engaged a third-party valuator to assist management in the annual evaluation of BPNA’s goodwill (including Step 1 and Step 2) as well as BPNA’s loan portfolios as of the July 31, 2013 valuation date. Management discussed the methodologies, assumptions and results supporting the relevant values for conclusions and determined they were reasonable.

For the BPPR reporting unit, the average estimated fair value calculated in Step 1 using all valuation methodologies exceeded BPPR’s equity value by approximately $387 million in the July 31, 2013 annual test as compared with approximately $222 million at July 31, 2012. This result indicates there would be no indication of impairment on the goodwill recorded in BPPR at July 31, 2012. For the BPNA reporting unit, the estimated implied fair value of goodwill calculated in Step 2 exceeded BPNA’s goodwill carrying value by approximately $557 million as compared to approximately $338 million at July 31, 2012. The increase in the excess of the implied fair value of goodwill over its carrying amount for BPNA is mainly due to an increase in the fair value of the equity of BPNA as calculated in Step 1, which is mainly attributed to improvement in BPNA financial performance and increases in market price comparable companies and transactions. The goodwill balance of BPPR and BPNA, as legal entities, represented approximately 97% of the Corporation’s total goodwill balance as of the July 31, 2013 valuation date.

Furthermore, as part of the analyses, management performed a reconciliation of the aggregate fair values determined for the reporting units to the market capitalization of Popular, Inc. concluding that the fair value results determined for the reporting units in the July 31, 2013 annual assessment were reasonable.

The goodwill impairment evaluation process requires the Corporation to make estimates and assumptions with regard to the fair value of the reporting units. Actual values may differ significantly from these estimates. Such differences could result in future impairment of goodwill that would, in turn, negatively impact the Corporation’s results of operations and the reporting units where the goodwill is recorded. Declines in the Corporation’s market capitalization could increase the risk of goodwill impairment in the future.

 

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Management monitors events or changes in circumstances between annual tests to determine if these events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

At December 31, 2013 and 2012, other than goodwill, the Corporation had $ 6 million of identifiable intangible assets, with indefinite useful lives, mostly associated with E-LOAN’S trademark.

The valuation of the E-LOAN trademark was performed using the “relief-from-royalty” valuation approach. The basis of the “relief-from-royalty” method is that, by virtue of having ownership of the trademark, the Corporation is relieved from having to pay a royalty, usually expressed as a percentage of revenue, for the use of trademark. The main attributes involved in the valuation of this intangible asset include the royalty rate, revenue projections that benefit from the use of this intangible, after-tax royalty savings derived from the ownership of the intangible, and the discount rate to apply to the projected benefits to arrive at the present value of this intangible. Since estimates are an integral part of this trademark impairment analysis, changes in these estimates could have a significant impact on the calculated fair value. There were no impairments recognized during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 related to E-LOAN’s trademark.

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations

The Corporation provides pension and restoration benefit plans for certain employees of various subsidiaries. The Corporation also provides certain health care benefits for retired employees of BPPR. The non-contributory defined pension and benefit restoration plans (“the Plans”) are frozen with regards to all future benefit accruals.

The estimated benefit costs and obligations of the pension and postretirement benefit plans are impacted by the use of subjective assumptions, which can materially affect recorded amounts, including expected returns on plan assets, discount rates, termination rates, retirement rates and health care trend rates. Management applies judgment in the determination of these factors, which normally undergo evaluation against current industry practice and the actual experience of the Corporation. The Corporation uses an independent actuarial firm for assistance in the determination of the pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations. Detailed information on the Plans and related valuation assumptions are included in Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Corporation periodically reviews its assumption for the long-term expected return on pension plan assets. The Plans’ assets fair value at December 31, 2013 was $705.5 million. The expected return on plan assets is determined by considering various factors, including a total fund return estimate based on a weighted-average of estimated returns for each asset class in the plan. Asset class returns are estimated using current and projected economic and market factors such as real rates of return, inflation, credit spreads, equity risk premiums and excess return expectations.

As part of the review, the Corporation’s independent consulting actuaries performed an analysis of expected returns based on the plan’s asset allocation at January 1, 2014. This analysis is reviewed by the Corporation and used as a tool to develop expected rates of return, together with other data. This forecast reflects the actuarial firm’s view of expected long-term rates of return for each significant asset class or economic indicator; for example, 8.8% for large cap stocks, 9.0% for small cap stocks, 9.2% for international stocks and 4.2% for aggregate fixed-income securities at January 1, 2014. A range of expected investment returns is developed, and this range relies both on forecasts and on broad-market historical benchmarks for expected returns, correlations, and volatilities for each asset class.

As a consequence of recent reviews, the Corporation left unchanged its expected return on plan assets for year 2014 at 7.25%. The 7.25% and 7.60% had been used as the expected rate of return in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Since the expected return assumption is on a long-term basis, it is not materially impacted by the yearly fluctuations (either positive or negative) in the actual return on assets.

During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Corporation offered a Voluntary Retirement Program (“VRP”) to all active participants eligible for retirement under the Plans, excluding senior management. The VRP provided for an additional benefit of one-year of base pay, payable either as a lump-sum payment from the Plans on February 1, 2012, or as an increase in monthly pension payments on their elected pension benefit commencement date.

During 2013 the Corporation offered a Lump Sum Distribution to terminated vested participants whose deferred pension has a current value of up to $40 thousand. The acceptance of this offer was voluntary and relieved the Corporation of all future obligations related to the terminated vested participants who accepted the offer.

Pension expense for the Plans amounted to $6.8 million in 2013. The total pension expense included a credit of $45.4 million for the expected return on assets.

Pension expense is sensitive to changes in the expected return on assets. For example, decreasing the expected rate of return for 2014 from 7.25% to 7.00% would increase the projected 2014 expense for the Banco Popular de Puerto Rico Retirement Plan, the Corporation’s largest plan, by approximately $1.6 million.

 

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If the projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, the Corporation shall recognize a liability equal to the unfunded projected benefit obligation and vice versa, if the fair value of plan assets exceeds the projected benefit obligation, the Corporation recognizes an asset equal to the overfunded projected benefit obligation. This asset or liability may result in a taxable or deductible temporary difference and its tax effect shall be recognized as an income tax expense or benefit which shall be allocated to various components of the financial statements, including other comprehensive income. The determination of the fair value of pension plan obligations involves judgment, and any changes in those estimates could impact the Corporation’s consolidated statement of financial condition. The valuation of pension plan obligations is discussed above. Management believes that the fair value estimates of the pension plan assets are reasonable given the valuation methodologies used to measure the investments at fair value as described in Note 34. Also, the compositions of the plan assets are primarily in equity and debt securities, which have readily determinable quoted market prices.

The Corporation uses the Towers Watson RATE: Link (10/90) Model to discount the expected program cash flows of the plans as a guide in the selection of the discount rate. The Corporation used a discount rate of 4.70% to determine the plans’ benefit obligation at December 31, 2013, compared with 3.80% at December 31, 2012.

A 50 basis point decrease in the assumed discount rate of 4.70% as of the beginning of 2014 would increase the projected 2014 expense for the Banco Popular de Puerto Rico Retirement Plan by approximately $2.5 million. The change would not affect the minimum required contribution to the Plan.

The Corporation also provides a postretirement health care benefit plan for certain employees of BPPR. This plan was unfunded (no assets were held by the plan) at December 31, 2013. The Corporation had an accrual for postretirement benefit costs of $145.7 million at December 31, 2013, using a discount rate of 4.80%. Assumed health care trend rates may have significant effects on the amounts reported for the health care plan. Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements provides information on the assumed rates considered by the Corporation and on the sensitivity that a one-percentage point change in the assumed rate may have on specified cost components and the postretirement benefit obligation of the Corporation.

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS ANALYSIS

Net Interest Income

The principal source of earnings of the Corporation is net interest income which is defined as the difference between the revenue generated from earning assets less the interest cost of funding those assets. Net interest income is subject to several risk factors, including market driven events, changes in volumes and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, as well as strategic decisions made by the Corporation’s management. Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 2013 resulted in an increase of $55.9 million when compared with the same period in 2012.

The average key index rates for the years 2011 through 2013 were as follows:

 

   

 

2013  

 

  

 

   

 

2012  

 

  

 

   

 

2011  

 

  

 

              

 

Prime rate

    3.25%        3.25%        3.25%                  

Fed funds rate

    0.07        0.14        0.11                  

3-month LIBOR

    0.27        0.42        0.34                  

3-month Treasury Bill

    0.05        0.08        0.05                  

10-year Treasury

    2.36        1.74        2.76                  

FNMA 30-year

 

    3.61        3.07        4.11                  

 

The interest earning assets include investment securities and loans that are exempt from income tax, principally in Puerto Rico. The main sources of tax-exempt interest income are certain investments in obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and sponsored entities, and certain obligations of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its agencies and assets held by the Corporation’s international banking entities. International banking entities in Puerto Rico had a temporary 5% tax rate that ended in December, 2011. To facilitate the comparison of all interest related to these assets, the interest income has been converted to a taxable equivalent basis, using the applicable statutory income tax rates for each period. The taxable equivalent computation considers the interest expense and other related expense disallowances required by the Puerto Rico tax law. Under this law, the

 

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exempt interest can be deducted up to the amount of taxable income. The increase in the taxable equivalent adjustment in 2013 as compared to 2012 can be explained by the following:

 

   

                During the quarter ended June 30, 2013 the Puerto Rico Government amended the Commonwealth’s Internal Revenue Code. The changes that were implemented included an increase in the corporate income tax rate from 30% to 39%. The effect of this change represented an increase of approximately $20.6 million in the taxable equivalent adjustment for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

   

                Additional exempt loan volume resulting from consumer loans purchased at the end of the second quarter 2012 resulted in an increase in the taxable equivalent adjustment of $4 million for the year 2013 as compared to 2012. This increase excludes the effect of the change in corporate income tax rate for this portfolio discussed above.

Average outstanding securities balances are based upon amortized cost excluding any unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale. Non-accrual loans have been included in the respective average loans and leases categories. Loan fees collected and costs incurred in the origination of loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest yield. Prepayment penalties, late fees collected and the amortization of premiums / discounts on purchased loans are also included as part of the loan yield. Interest income for the period ended December 31, 2013 included a favorable impact, excluding the discount accretion on covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30, of $12.5 million, related to those items, compared to a favorable impact of $19.2 million for the same period in 2012 and $21.4 million in 2011. The $6.7 million reduction from 2012 to 2013 resulted in part from higher amortization of premiums related to mortgage loans purchased. The discount accretion on covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20 (revolving lines) was fully accreted in the third quarter of 2011 and totaled $37.1 million.

Table 5 presents the different components of the Corporation’s net interest income, on a taxable equivalent basis, for the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared with the same period in 2012, segregated by major categories of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

Net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, increased 24 basis points to 4.72% compared to 4.48% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The main variances are discussed below:

 

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                Higher yield from commercial and construction loans due to lower levels of non- performing loans after the bulk sale completed during the first quarter of 2013 and a $4.2 million benefit from the change in statutory tax rate.

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                A higher yield from consumer loans due mostly to the exempt loan purchases made during the second quarter of 2012 and higher taxable equivalent yield resulting from the increase in the statutory tax rate.

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                A higher yield from covered loans due to higher expected cash flows which are reflected in the accretable yield to be recognized over the average life of the loans and loan resolutions during 2013. The positive yield was partially offset by a lower proportion of covered loans to total earning assets. Covered loans carry a high yield and as the portfolio decreases the income on earning assets is impacted. This portfolio, due to its nature, will continue to decline as scheduled payments are received and workout arrangements are made. For a detailed movement of covered loans refer to Note 9 of this Annual Report.

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                Lower cost of interest bearing deposits by 20 basis points, mainly individual certificates of deposits, IRAs and brokered CDs related to renewal of maturities in a low interest rate environment and management’s efforts to reduce deposit costs.

¡  

                A lower cost of borrowings due to the early repayment of $233.2 million in senior notes during the third quarter of 2013 with an average cost of approximately 7.77% and the cancellation, during June 2012 of $350 million in repurchase agreements with an average cost of 4.36%.

The positive impacts in net interest margin detailed above were partially offset by the following:

 

   

                Decrease in the yield of mortgage loans due to acquisition made, mainly in the US, of high quality loans, which generally carry a lower rate and originations in a lower rate environment. Also during the third quarter of 2013 the Corporation reversed $5.9 million of interest income from reverse mortgages at BPPR, which had been accrued in excess of the amount insured by FHA. These negative variances were partially offset by higher yield at BPPR after the sale of

 

26


 

non-performing loans in the second quarter of 2013 and the increase in tax benefit from the change in statutory rate in Puerto Rico that approximates $4.4 million.

 

   

Lower interest income from investment securities due to reinvestment of cash flows received from mortgage backed securities in lower yielding collateralized mortgage obligations as well as the acquisition of lower yielding agency securities, partially offset by a higher taxable equivalent adjustment of $6.6 million related to the change in the statutory tax rate.

Average earning assets increased $106 million when compared with 2012. An increase in mortgage loans, most through acquisitions both in PR and the US was partially offset by reductions in the covered loans portfolio. Investment securities also increased due to reinvestment and current investment strategy to shorten the duration of the portfolio. The decrease in commercial and construction loans can be attributed to the sale of non-performing loans in the first quarter of 2013 and slower origination activity both in Puerto Rico and the U.S.

On the liability side, interest bearing deposits decreased $503 million mainly due to lower broker CDs and individual time deposits. Demand deposits increased by $371 million on average when compared to 2012, positively impacting net interest margin.

For the years 2011 and 2012, net interest margin remained basically flat at 4.47% and 4.48%, respectively. There were several factors which affected its composition as detailed below:

 

   

Decrease in the yield of investments in part due to higher premium amortization related to mortgage backed securities as a result of higher prepayment activity and renewal of cash inflows in lower yielding collateralized mortgage obligations;

   

Lower proportion and lower yield of covered loans. The yield variance was impacted by the fact that the interest income for 2011 includes $37.1 million of discount accretion related to covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20. This discount was fully accreted into earnings during 2011. Also, during 2011, resolutions of certain large commercial loan relationships caused the unamortized discount to be recognized into income for one pool and increased the accretable yield to be recognized over a short period of time for another pool. The accretion generated by the amortization of the discount for covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20 as well as the transactions occurring within these two ASC Subtopic 310-30 pools contributed to the high yield exhibited by the covered loan portfolio during 2011;

   

A decrease in the yield of mortgage loans due to acquisition made, mainly in the US, of high quality loans, which generally carry a lower rate, originations in a lower rate environment, reversal of interest for delinquent loans, and non-performing loans repurchased under credit recourse agreements.

The above variances were partially offset by the following factors which affected positively the Corporation’s net interest margin:

 

   

Higher yield in the non-covered construction portfolio as a result of a lower proportion of non-performing loans;

   

Decrease of 35 basis points in the cost of interest bearing deposits, driven by management actions to reduce deposit costs;

   

Lower cost of short-term borrowings resulting from the cancellation, during the quarter ended June 30, 2012, of $350 million in repurchase agreements with an average cost of 4.36% and replacing them with lower cost Federal Home Loan Bank advances.

Average earning assets decreased $1.4 billion when compared with 2011. This reduction was distributed between both investments and loans categories. The average loan volume decreased by approximately $772 million, principally in the categories of non-covered and covered commercial loans. This reduction occurred in both Puerto Rico and U.S markets. Lower origination activity, resolution of non-performing loans and charge-offs continue to impact the portfolio balance. In addition, the covered loan portfolio continued its normal amortization which contributed to the reduction in loan balances. For a detailed movement of covered loans refer to Note 9 of this Annual Report. The increase in the mortgage loans category resulted from strong originations within the Puerto Rico market as well as acquisitions made during the year by BPNA. The Corporation also acquired $225 million in exempt consumer loans at the end of June 2012, which contributed to the increase in the average balance of this category. In addition, the reduction in the average balance of investment securities reflected maturities and prepayment activity within the mortgage related investments. The average balance of borrowings decreased by $1.4 billion mostly due to the repayment, at the end of 2011, of the note issued to the FDIC.

 

27


Table 5 - Analysis of Levels & Yields on a Taxable Equivalent Basis

Year ended December 31,

 

Average Volume     Average Yields / Costs         Interest    

Variance

 

Attributable to

 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

2013

     2012      Variance     2013     2012     Variance           2013      2012      Variance     Rate     Volume  

 

 

     

 

 

 
(In millions)                           (In thousands)  
$ 1,036      $ 1,051      $ (15     0.33  %      0.35  %      (0.02)%     

 

Money market investments

  $ 3,464      $ 3,704      $ (240   $ (129   $ (111)   
  5,488        5,227        261       2.95       3.48       (0.53)        

 

Investment securities

    161,868        182,094        (20,226     (22,124     1,898   
  417        446        (29     6.25       5.81       0.44        

 

Trading securities

    26,026        25,909        117       1,882       (1,765)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  6,941        6,724        217       2.76       3.15       (0.39)        

 

Total money market, investment and trading securities

    191,358        211,707        (20,349     (20,371     22   

 

 

     

 

 

 
             

 

Loans:

           
  10,077        10,226        (149     5.00       4.97       0.03        

 

Commercial

    504,243        508,417        (4,174     3,265       (7,439)   
  323        459        (136     5.04       3.61       1.43        

 

Construction

    16,273        16,597        (324     5,429       (5,753)   
  540        545        (5     8.07       8.62       (0.55)        

 

Leasing

    43,542        46,960        (3,418     (2,978     (440)   
  6,688        5,817        871       5.33       5.58       (0.25)        

 

Mortgage

    356,755        324,574        32,181       (14,800     46,981   
  3,879        3,749        130       10.26       10.22       0.04        

 

Consumer

    398,052        383,003        15,049       4,651       10,398   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  21,507        20,796        711       6.13       6.15       (0.02)        

 

Sub-total loans

    1,318,865        1,279,551        39,314       (4,433     43,747   
  3,228        4,050        (822     9.32       7.44       1.88        

 

Covered loans

    300,745        301,441        (696     63,728       (64,424)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  24,735        24,846        (111     6.55       6.36       0.19        

 

Total loans

    1,619,610        1,580,992        38,618       59,295       (20,677)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
$   31,676      $   31,570      $     106         5.72  %      5.68          0.04 %     

Total earning assets

  $   1,810,968      $   1,792,699      $     18,269     $    38,924     $   (20,655)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
             

 

Interest bearing deposits:

           
$ 5,738      $ 5,555      $ 183       0.34  %      0.44  %      (0.10)%     

 

NOW and money market [1]

  $ 19,546      $ 24,576      $ (5,030   $ (6,006   $ 976   
  6,792        6,571        221       0.24       0.33       (0.09)        

 

Savings

    15,978        21,854        (5,876     (6,453     577   
  8,514        9,421        (907     1.20       1.46       (0.26)        

 

Time deposits

    101,840        137,786        (35,946     (23,196     (12,750)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  21,044        21,547        (503     0.65       0.85       (0.20)        

 

Total deposits

    137,364        184,216        (46,852     (35,655     (11,197)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  2,573        2,565        8       1.49       1.82       (0.33)        

 

Short-term borrowings

    38,433        46,805        (8,372     (7,517     (855)   
  515        484        31       15.98       15.92       0.06       

 

TARP funds [2]

    82,345        76,977        5,368       311       5,057   
  1,205        1,367        (162     4.79       5.21       (0.42)        

 

Other medium and long-term debt

    57,734        71,215        (13,481     (2,761     (10,720)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  25,337        25,963        (626     1.25       1.46       (0.21)        

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

    315,876        379,213        (63,337     (45,622     (17,715)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  5,728        5,357        371          

 

Non-interest bearing demand deposits

           
  611        250        361          

 

Other sources of funds

           

 

 

     

 

 

 
$ 31,676      $ 31,570      $ 106       1.00  %      1.20  %      (0.20)%     

Total source of funds

    315,876        379,213        (63,337     (45,622     (17,715)   

 

 

               
          4.72  %      4.48  %      0.24 %     

 

Net interest margin

           
       

 

 

               
             

 

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis

    1,495,092        1,413,486        81,606     $ 84,546     $ (2,940)   
                       

 

 

 
          4.47  %      4.22  %      0.25 %     

 

Net interest spread

           
       

 

 

               
         

 

Taxable equivalent adjustment

    62,512        36,853        25,659      
               

 

 

     
         

 

Net interest income

  $ 1,432,580      $ 1,376,633      $ 55,947      
               

 

 

     

Note: The changes that are not due solely to volume or rate are allocated to volume and rate based on the proportion of the change in each category.

[1] Includes interest bearing demand deposits corresponding to certain government entities in Puerto Rico.

 

28


[2] Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures held by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Table 6 - Analysis of Levels & Yields on a Taxable Equivalent Basis

Year ended December 31,

 

Average Volume     Average Yields / Costs         Interest    

Variance

 

Attributable to

 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

2012

     2011     Variance     2012     2011     Variance           2012      2011      Variance     Rate     Volume  

 

 

     

 

 

 
(In millions)                           (In thousands)  
$ 1,051      $ 1,152     $ (101     0.35  %      0.31  %      0.04 %     

Money market investments

  $ 3,704      $ 3,597      $ 107     $ 206     $ (99)   
  5,227        5,494       (267     3.48       4.08       (0.60)        

 

Investment securities

    182,094        224,352        (42,258     (28,355     (13,903)   
  446        667       (221     5.81       5.82       (0.01)        

 

Trading securities

    25,909        38,850        (12,941     (76     (12,865)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  6,724        7,313       (589     3.15       3.65       (0.50)        

 

Total money market, investment and trading securities

    211,707        266,799        (55,092     (28,225     (26,867)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
            

 

Loans:

           
  10,226        10,889       (663     4.97       5.08       (0.11)        

 

Commercial

    508,417        553,025        (44,608     (11,458     (33,150)   
  459        731       (272     3.61       1.48       2.13        

 

Construction

    16,597        10,801        5,796       11,001       (5,205)   
  545        577       (32     8.62       8.81       (0.19)        

 

Leasing

    46,960        50,867        (3,907     (1,121     (2,786)   
  5,817        5,154       663       5.58       6.06       (0.48)        

 

Mortgage

    324,574        312,348        12,226       (25,994     38,220   
  3,749        3,654       95       10.22       10.30       (0.08)        

 

Consumer

    383,003        376,158        6,845       (3,484     10,329   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  20,796        21,005       (209     6.15       6.20       (0.05)        

 

Sub-total loans

    1,279,551        1,303,199        (23,648     (31,056     7,408   
  4,050        4,613       (563     7.44       8.95       (1.51)        

 

Covered loans

    301,441        412,678        (111,237     (63,177     (48,060)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  24,846        25,618       (772     6.36       6.70       (0.34)        

 

Total loans

    1,580,992        1,715,877        (134,885     (94,233     (40,652)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
$  31,570      $  32,931     $  (1,361     5.68  %      6.02  %      (0.34)%     

Total earning assets

  $  1,792,699      $  1,982,676      $  (189,977   $  (122,458   $  (67,519)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
            

 

Interest bearing deposits:

           
$ 5,555      $ 5,204     $ 351       0.44  %      0.60  %      (0.16)%     

 

NOW and money market [1]

  $ 24,576      $ 30,994      $ (6,418   $ (8,445   $ 2,027   
  6,571        6,321       250       0.33       0.60       (0.27)        

 

Savings

    21,854        37,844        (15,990     (17,584     1,594   
  9,421        10,920       (1,499     1.46       1.84       (0.38)        

 

Time deposits

    137,786        200,956        (63,170     (38,344     (24,826)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  21,547        22,445       (898     0.85       1.20       (0.35)        

 

Total deposits

    184,216        269,794        (85,578     (64,373     (21,205)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  2,565        2,630       (65     1.82       2.10       (0.28)        

 

Short-term borrowings

    46,805        55,258        (8,453     3,013       (11,466)   
  -         1,382       (1,382     -        2.33       (2.33)        

 

FDIC note

    -         32,161        (32,161     -        (32,161)   
  484        456       28       15.92       15.89       0.03        

 

TARP funds [2]

    76,977        72,520        4,457       127       4,330   
  1,367        1,379       (12     5.21       5.52       (0.31)        

 

Other medium and long-term debt

    71,215        76,083        (4,868     (2,223     (2,645)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  25,963        28,292       (2,329     1.46       1.79       (0.33)        

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

    379,213        505,816        (126,603     (63,456     (63,147)   

 

 

     

 

 

 
  5,357        5,058       299          

 

Non-interest bearing demand deposits

           
  250        (419     669          

 

Other sources of funds

           

 

 

     

 

 

 
$ 31,570      $ 32,931     $ (1,361     1.20  %      1.54  %      (0.34)%     

Total source of funds

    379,213        505,816        (126,603     (63,456     (63,147)   

 

 

     
         4.48  %      4.48  %      - %     

 

Net interest margin

           
      

 

 

     
            

 

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis

    1,413,486        1,476,860        (63,374   $ (59,002   $ (4,372)   
                  

 

 

 
         4.22  %      4.23  %      (0.01)%     

 

Net interest spread

           
      

 

 

     
            

 

Taxable equivalent adjustment

    36,853        41,515        (4,662    
   

 

 

     
            

 

Net interest income

  $ 1,376,633      $ 1,435,345      $ (58,712    
   

 

 

     

 

29


Note: The changes that are not due solely to volume or rate are allocated to volume and rate based on the proportion of the change in each category.
[1] Includes interest bearing demand deposits corresponding to certain government entities in Puerto Rico.
[2] Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures held by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Provision for Loan Losses

The Corporation’s total provision for loan losses totaled $602.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared with $408.9 million for 2012, and $575.7 million for 2011.

The provision for loan losses for the non-covered loan portfolio totaled $533.2 million, compared with $334.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, reflecting an increase of $199.1 million mostly due to the $318.1 million impact related to the bulk loan sales completed during 2013. Excluding the impact of these sales, the provision would have declined by $119.0 million, mainly due to continued credit quality improvements, partly offset by the enhancements made to the allowance for loan losses implemented during the second quarter of 2013, which resulted in a reserve increase of $11.8 million for the non-covered portfolio. The results for 2012 reflect the impact of a reduction in the reserve of $24.8 million due to certain enhancements to the methodology implemented during the first quarter of 2012. Net charge-offs declined by $149.0 million from prior year. This decline was distributed among all loan portfolios except for the leases portfolio, in which net charge-offs increased by $2.6 million.

The provision for the Puerto Rico non-covered portfolio declined by $52.3 million, excluding the impact of the bulk non-performing assets sales. The reduction was the result of improved credit metrics, offset by the impact of the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology which resulted in reserve increases of $22.6 million. Also, BPPR recorded a recovery of $8.9 million associated with the sale of a portfolio of previously charged-off credit cards and personal loans during 2013.

The U.S. operations recorded a reserve release of $14.7 million for 2013, compared to a provision of $52.0 million for 2012, a $66.7 million variance. The reserve release was due to improved credit performance and the impact of the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology implemented during 2013, which reduced reserve levels by $10.8 million.

The provision for the non-covered loan portfolio declined by $96.0 million from 2011 to 2012. This decline was, mainly driven by continued credit quality improvements in all loan categories, except in mortgage loans. When compared to 2011, net charge-offs for 2012 declined by $131.3 million. This decline was distributed among all loan portfolios except in the mortgage portfolio, in which net charge-offs increased by $30.1 million, principally related to the revisions to the charge-off policy during the first quarter of 2012, coupled with the continued impact of weak economic conditions in the real estate market of Puerto Rico.

The provision for covered loans totaled in 2013 $69.4 million, compared with $74.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, reflecting a decrease of $5.4 million, mostly driven by lower impairment losses, in part offset by $7.5 million increase related to the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology. The provision declined by $70.8 million from 2011 to 2012, mostly driven by certain commercial and construction loan pools accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30 which reflected lower expected loss estimates and reductions in the specific reserves of certain commercial loan relationships accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20.

Refer to the Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality sections of this MD&A for a detailed analysis of net charge-offs, non-performing assets, the allowance for loan losses and selected loan losses statistics.

Non-Interest Income

Refer to Table 7 for a breakdown of non-interest income by major categories for the past five years.

Table 7 - Non-Interest Income

 

     Years ended December 31,
  

 

(In thousands)            2013              2012               2011              2010              2009 
  

 

 

30


 

 

Service charges on deposit accounts

   $   172,909       $   183,026       $   184,940       $   195,803       $   213,493   

 

 

Other service fees:

              

Debit card fees

     43,262         44,852         59,342         100,639         110,040   

Credit card fees and discounts

     66,309         61,576         52,544         85,613         94,636   

Insurance fees

     55,323        53,825         54,390         49,768         50,132   

Processing fees

             6,330         6,839         45,055         55,005   

Sale and administration of investment products

     35,272         37,766         34,388         37,783         34,134   

Trust fees

     17,285         16,353         15,333         14,217         12,455   

Check cashing fees

     191         244         339         408         588   

Other fees

     17,483         16,919         17,825         20,047         22,111   

 

 

Total other services fees

     235,125         237,865         241,000         353,530         379,101   

 

 

Mortgage banking activities

     71,673         84,791         (4,483)         16,178         15,451   

Net (loss) gain on sale and valuation adjustments of investment securities

     7,966         (1,707)         10,844         3,992         219,546   

Trading account (loss) profit

     (13,483)         4,478         48,098         33,017         54,061   

Net gain (loss) on sale of loans, including valuation adjustments on loans held-for-sale

     (49,130)         (27,416)         5,270         7,884         (9,535)   

Adjustments (expense) to indemnity reserves on loans sold

     (37,054)         (21,198)         (33,068)         (72,013)         (40,211)   

FDIC loss share (expense) income

     (82,051)         (56,211)         66,791         (25,751)           

Fair value change in equity appreciation instrument

                     8,323         42,555           

Gain on sale of processing and technology business

                             640,802           

Other operating income

     504,614         127,584         97,711         108,461         64,595   

 

 

Total non-interest income

   $   810,569       $   531,212       $   625,426       $   1,304,458       $   896,501   

 

 

Table 8 - Mortgage Banking Activities

 

     Years ended December 31,  
(In thousands)    2013       2012       2011       2010       2009   

 

 

Mortgage servicing fees, net of fair value adjustments:

              

Mortgage servicing fees

   $         45,481       $         48,176       $         49,158       $         47,661       $         46,533   

Mortgage servicing rights fair value adjustments

     (11,403)         (17,406)         (37,061)         (22,860)         (31,447)   

 

 

Total mortgage servicing fees, net of fair value adjustments

     34,078         30,770         12,097         24,801         15,086   

 

 

Net gain on sale of loans, including valuation on loans held-for-sale

     26,719         76,181         25,621         7,990         14,686   

 

 

Trading account profit (loss):

              

Unrealized gains (losses) on outstanding derivative positions

     746         304         956         (2,613)         6,383   

Realized gains (losses) on closed derivative positions

     10,130         (22,464)         (43,157)         (14,000)         (20,704)   

 

 

Total trading account profit (loss)

     10,876         (22,160)         (42,201)         (16,613)         (14,321)   

 

 

Total mortgage banking activities

   $ 71,673       $ 84,791       $ (4,483)       $ 16,178       $ 15,451   

 

 

The increase in non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2013, when compared with the previous year, was mainly impacted by the following factors:

 

   

Favorable variance in net gain on sale and valuation adjustments of investment securities of $9.7 million principally attributed to the prepayment penalty fee of $5.9 million received from EVERTEC for the repayment of a $22.8 million available-for-sale debt security during the second quarter of 2013, accompanied by a gain of $2.1 million on the sale of available-for-sale securities during the fourth quarter of 2013; and

   

Higher other operating income by $377.0 million principally due to gains totaling $430.3 million recognized in connection

 

31


 

with EVERTEC’s public offerings during 2013; partially offset by lower net earnings on investments accounted for under the equity method mainly due to income of $31.6 million recorded during the fourth quarter of 2012 related to the Corporation’s proportionate share of a benefit from a tax grant received by EVERTEC from the Puerto Rico Government.

These favorable variances for the year ended December 31, 2013, when compared with the previous year, were partially offset by the following factors:

 

   

Unfavorable variance in service charges on deposit accounts by $10.1 million mainly driven by lower commercial account fees, and nonsufficient funds and overdraft fees;

   

Lower income from mortgage banking activities by $13.1 million mainly due to a decrease of $49.5 million on gain on sale of loans driven by lower market prices, partially offset by higher trading account profit by $33.0 million related to derivative positions, and an increase of $3.3 million on mortgage servicing fees resulting from fair value adjustments. Refer to Table 8 for details of Mortgage banking activities;

   

Unfavorable variance in trading account (loss) profit of $18.0 million mainly driven by higher unrealized losses on outstanding mortgage-backed securities and higher losses on Puerto Rico government obligations and closed-end funds;

   

Higher net loss on sale of loans, net of valuation adjustments by $21.7 million driven by the loss of $61.4 million recorded during the first quarter of 2013 in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing assets and the loss of $3.9 million recorded during the second quarter of 2013 in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing residential mortgage loans. The results for 2012 include valuation adjustments on commercial and construction loans held-for-sale in the BPPR reportable segment of $27.3 million recorded during the second quarter of that year as a result of updated appraisals and market indicators;

 

   

An increase of $15.9 million in adjustments to indemnity reserves on loans sold, which includes $10.7 million recorded in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing assets during the first quarter of 2013 and $3.0 recorded in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing residential mortgage loans during the second quarter of 2013; and

 

   

Unfavorable variance in FDIC loss share (expense) income of $25.8 million, principally due to higher amortization of the FDIC loss share asset due to a decrease in expected losses, higher mirror accounting on recoveries on covered assets, including rental income on OREOs, and the impact of fair value adjustments in the true-up payment obligation, partially offset by higher mirror accounting on credit impairment losses and reimbursable loan-related expenses on covered loans. Refer to Table 2 for a breakdown of FDIC loss share (expense) income by major categories.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, non-interest income decreased by $94.2 million, or 15%, when compared to 2011, principally due to:

 

   

Unfavorable variance in FDIC loss share (expense) income by $123.0 million mainly resulting from higher amortization of the FDIC loss share asset due to a decrease in expected losses and lower mirror accounting on credit impairment losses partially offset by higher mirror accounting on reimbursable loan-related expenses on covered loans and a favorable impact on the mirror accounting for the discount accretion on loans and unfunded commitments accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-20;

 

   

Decrease of $43.6 million in trading account profit driven by lower unrealized gains on outstanding mortgage-backed securities in the P.R. operations due to lower market prices on a lower volume of outstanding pools;

 

   

Unfavorable variance related to valuation adjustments of $27.3 million recorded during the second quarter of 2012 on commercial and construction loans held-for-sale in the BPPR reportable segment as a result of revised appraisals and market indicators; and

 

   

Unfavorable variance related to the fair value change in equity appreciation instrument of $8.3 million given that the instrument expired on May 2011.

These unfavorable variances for the year ended December 31, 2012, when compared with the year ended December 31, 2011, were partially offset by the following factors:

 

   

Higher income from mortgage banking activities by $89.3 million due to higher gains on sale of loans, including valuation on loans, by $50.6 million resulting from higher gains on securitization transactions in the BPPR reportable segment;

 

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Lower trading account losses by $20.0 million related to derivative positions;

 

   

Higher mortgage servicing fees by $18.7 million due to fair value adjustments;

 

   

Increase of $29.9 million in other operating income mainly due to higher net earnings on investments accounted for under the equity method; and

 

   

Decrease of $11.9 million in adjustments to indemnity reserves on loans sold mainly as a result of improvements in delinquency trends of mortgage loans serviced subject to credit recourse as well as a declining portfolio.

Operating Expenses

Table 9 provides a breakdown of operating expenses by major categories.

Table 9 - Operating Expenses

 

     Years ended December 31,  
  

 

 

 
(In thousands)   

 

2013

    2012     2011     2010     2009  

 

 

 

Personnel costs:

          

Salaries

     $ 299,782      $ 301,965     $ 305,018     $ 352,139     $ 364,529      

 

Commissions, incentives and other bonuses

     59,437        54,702       44,421       53,837       43,840      

 

Pension, postretirement and medical insurance

     58,658        66,976       62,219       61,294       81,372      

 

Other personnel costs, including payroll taxes

     43,990        42,059       41,712       46,928       43,522      

 

 

 

Total personnel costs

     461,867        465,702       453,370       514,198       533,263      

 

 

 

Net occupancy expenses

     99,331        97,259       98,858       115,219       111,035      

 

Equipment expenses

     47,483        45,290       43,840       85,851       101,530      

 

Other taxes

     58,286        50,120       51,885       50,608       52,605      

 

Professional fees:

          

 

Collections, appraisals and other credit related fees

     35,859        46,658       34,241       27,081       21,675      

 

Programming, processing and other technology services

     180,098        174,657       169,339       64,099       31,286      

 

Other professional fees

     73,323        63,010       64,002       93,339       58,326      

 

 

 

Total professional fees

     289,280        284,325       267,582       184,519       111,287      

 

 

 

Communications

     26,294        26,834       27,115       38,905       46,264      

 

Business promotion

     60,476        61,576       55,067       46,671       38,872      

 

FDIC deposit insurance

     60,513        85,697       93,728       67,644       76,796      

 

Loss (gain) on early extinguishment of debt

     3,388        25,196       8,693       38,787       (78,300)      

 

Other real estate owned (OREO) expenses

     80,236        23,520       21,778       46,789       25,800      

 

Other operating expenses:

          

 

Credit and debit card processing, volume, interchange and other expenses

     20,812        19,729       17,539       40,574       43,806      

 

Transportation and travel

     7,322        6,582       7,012       7,769       8,796      

 

Printing and supplies

     3,598        4,615       5,273       9,302       11,093      

 

Operational losses

     18,657        24,465       13,239       19,018       13,649      

 

All other

     45,160        49,050       44,166       67,793       48,218      

 

 

 

Total other operating expenses

     95,549        104,441       87,229       144,456       125,562      

 

 

 

Amortization of intangibles

     9,883        10,072       9,654       9,173       9,482      

 

 

Total operating expenses

     $   1,292,586      $   1,280,032     $   1,218,799     $   1,342,820     $   1,154,196      

 

 

 

Personnel costs to average assets

     1.27      1.28  %      1.19  %      1.34  %      1.46 %   

 

Operating expenses to average assets

     3.56        3.53       3.20       3.50       3.16      

 

Employees (full-time equivalent)

     8,059        8,072       8,329       8,277       9,407      

 

33


Average assets per employee (in millions)

                 $ 4.50                  $ 4.49                 $ 4.57                 $ 4.64               $ 3.89     

 

 

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $12.6 million, or 10%, when compared with the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in operating expenses was impacted by the following variances:

 

   

an increase in OREO expenses by $57.0 million mainly due to the $37 million loss incurred in connection with the bulk sale of non-performing assets by BPPR and higher valuation write downs consisting primarily of covered assets which are subject to 80% reimbursement from the FDIC;

 

   

higher other taxes by $8.2 million related to the new PR gross receipts tax enacted in June 2013, partially offset by lower personnal property tax and lower income subject to municipal tax; and

 

   

an increase in professional fees by $5.0 million as a result of higher professional services, legal fees and attorneys fees, mainly in the BPPR reportable segment.

The above variances were partially offset by:

 

   

lower FDIC deposit insurance by $25.2 million, which includes a credit of $11.3 million received from the FDIC during the first quarter, mainly driven by revisions in the deposit insurance premium calculation, lower levels of high risk assets and efficiencies achieved from the internal reorganization in which Popular Mortgage was merged into BPPR, completed at the end of 2012;

 

   

a decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt by $21.8 million as a result of prepayment expense of $25 million paid in 2012 related to the early termination of repurchase agreements of $350 million;

 

   

lower other operating expenses by $8.9 million mainly due to lower operational losses.

Total operating expenses for the year 2012 increased by $61.2 million, or 5%, when compared with 2011. Mainly due to the following variances:

 

   

an increase in personnel costs of $12.3 million, principally reflected in higher incentives, commissions and other bonuses by $10.3 million mainly due to higher annual incentives programs, branch sales incentives, retail commissions and other performance incentives; and higher pension, postretirement and medical insurance expenses by $4.8 million due to higher claims activity and revised premiums during 2012;

 

   

an increase in professional fees of $16.7 million driven primarily by higher collection, appraisals and other credit related fees by $12.4 million, mainly in the BPPR reportable segment;

 

   

an increase in business promotion expenses of $6.5 million mainly driven by higher costs from the credit card rewards programs, higher expenses related to institutional advertising campaigns, and the expenses related to mobile banking applications;

 

   

higher loss on extinguishment of debt by $16.5 million as a result of the prepayment expense of $25 million recorded during the second quarter of 2012 which was related to the early termination of repurchase agreements of $350 million with original contractual maturities between March 2014 and May of 2014, partially offset by $8 million in prepayment penalties recorded during the first quarter of 2011 on the repayment of $100 million in medium-term notes; and

 

   

an increase in the category of other operating expenses of $17.2 million mainly due to higher tax, insurance advances, properties maintenance and repair expenses, and other costs associated with the collection efforts of the Westernbank covered loan portfolio by $10.5 million, which are covered under the loss-sharing agreement,

The above variances were partially offset by:

 

   

a decrease in the FDIC insurance expense by $8 million mainly driven by revision in the deposit insurance premium calculation and efficiencies achieved from the internal reorganization in which Popular Mortgage was merged into BPPR during the fourth quarter of 2012.

INCOME TAXES

 

34


Income tax benefit amounted to $251.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared with an income tax benefit of $ 26.4 million for the previous year. The increase in income tax benefit was primarily due to the recognition during the year 2013 of a tax benefit of $197.5 million and a corresponding increase in the net deferred tax assets of the Puerto Rico operations as a result of the increase in the statutory corporate income tax rate from 30% to 39%. On June 30, 2013 the Governor of Puerto Rico signed Act Number 40 which includes several amendments to the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code. Among the most significant changes applicable to corporations was the increase in the statutory corporate income tax rate from 30% to 39% effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. In addition, the Corporation recorded an income tax benefit of $146.4 million in connection with the loss generated on the Puerto Rico operations by the sales of non-performing assets that took place during the year 2013 and a tax expense of $23.7 million related to the gain realized on the sale of a portion of EVERTEC’s shares which was taxable at a preferential tax rate according to Act Number 73 of May 28, 2008, known as “Economic Incentives Act for the Development of Puerto Rico”.

During 2012, an income tax benefit of $72.9 million was recorded related to the reduction of the deferred tax liability on the estimated gains for tax purposes related to the loans acquired from Westernbank (the “Acquired Loans”) as a result of a Closing Agreement signed by the Corporation and P.R. Department of the Treasury. Under this agreement, both parties agreed that the Acquired Loans are a capital asset and any gain resulting from such loans will be taxed at the capital gain rate of 15% instead of the ordinary income tax rate at that time of 30%, thus reducing the deferred tax liability on the estimated gain and recognizing an income tax benefit for accounting purposes.

Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $26.4 million, compared with an income tax expense of $114.9 million for 2011. The decrease in income tax expense was due to lower income recognized by the P.R. operations during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011. Furthermore, on January 1, 2011, the Governor of Puerto Rico signed Act Number 1 (Internal Revenue Code for a New Puerto Rico) which, among the most significant changes applicable to corporations, was the reduction in the marginal tax rate from 39% to 30%. Consequently, as a result of this reduction in rate, the Corporation recognized during 2011 income tax expense of $103.3 million and a corresponding reduction in the net deferred assets of the Puerto Rico operations partly offset by the tax benefit of $53.6 million recorded as a result of the Closing Agreement signed by the Corporation and the P.R. Treasury in June 2011.

The Corporation’s net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 amounted to $760 million (net of the valuation allowance of $1.3 billion) compared to $531 million at December 31, 2012. Note 40 to the consolidated financial statements provide the composition of the net deferred tax assets as of such dates. All of the net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 pertain to the Puerto Rico operations. Of the amount related to the U.S. operations, without considering the valuation allowance, $1.2 billion is attributable to net operating losses of such operations.

The components of income tax (benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are included in the following table:

Table 10 – Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

 

                                                                                                     
                        2013                                           2012                                           2011                    
  

 

 

35


                                                                                                     
  

 

 

 
(In thousands)    Amount    

% of pre-tax

income

    Amount     % of pre-tax
income
    Amount    

% of pre-tax    

income    

 

 

 

 

Computed income tax at statutory rates

   $ 135,720       39    $ 65,662       30    $ 79,876       30 %   

 

Benefit of net tax exempt interest income

     (36,993     (11     (25,540     (12     (31,379     (12)      

 

Effect of income subject to preferential tax rate [1]

     (137,793     (40     (78,132     (36     (1,852     (1)      

 

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

     (32,990     (9     166       -        7,192       3      

 

Non-deductible expenses

     32,115       9       23,093       11       21,756       8      

 

Difference in tax rates due to multiple jurisdictions

     (12,029     (3     (6,034     (3     (8,555     (3)      

 

Initial adjustment in deferred tax due to change in tax rate

     (197,467     (57     -        -        103,287       39      

 

Recognition of tax benefits from previous years [2]

     -        -        -        -        (53,615     (20)      

 

Unrecognized tax benefits

     (7,727     (2     (8,985     (4     (5,160     (2)      

 

Others

     5,837       2       3,367       2       3,377       1      

 

 

 

Income tax (benefit) expense

   $      (251,327     (72 )%    $      (26,403     (12 )%    $           114,927       43 %   

 

 

[1] Includes the impact of the Closing Agreement with the P.R. Treasury signed in June 2012, the tax expense related to a gain on the sale of EVERTEC shares and income from investments in subsidiaries subject to preferential tax rates.

[2] Represents the impact of the Ruling and Closing Agreement with the P.R. Treasury signed in June 2011.

 

The Corporation recorded a valuation allowance in the year 2008 since in consideration of the requirement of ASC 740 management considered that it is more likely than not that all of the U.S. operation deferred tax asset will not be realized. Refer to the Critical Accounting Policies / Estimates section of this MD&A for information on the requirements of ASC 740. For purposes of assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets in the U.S. mainland management evaluates and weights all available positive and negative evidence. The Corporation’s U.S. mainland operations are no longer in a cumulative loss position for the three-year period ended December 31, 2013 taking into account taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences. This represents positive evidence within management’s evaluation. The assessment as of December 31, 2013 considers the book income for 2013 and excludes the loss recorded during the fourth quarter of 2010, which previously drove the cumulative loss position. The book income for 2013 was significantly impacted by a reversal of the loan loss provision due to the improved credit quality of the loan portfolios. However, the U.S. mainland operations did not report taxable income for any of the three years evaluated. Future realization of the deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under the tax law. The lack of taxable income together with the uncertainties regarding future performance represents strong negative evidence within management’s evaluation. After weighting of all positive and negative evidence management concluded, as of the reporting date, that it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be able to realize any portion of the deferred tax assets, considering the criteria of ASC 740.

The Corporation’s Puerto Rico Banking operation sustained profitability during years 2012 and 2013, exclusive of the loss generated on the sales of non performing assets that took place in 2013 which is not a continuing condition of the operations, is a strong piece of objectively verifiable positive evidence that out weights any negative evidence considered by management in the evaluation of the realization of the deferred tax asset. Based on this evidence, the Corporation has concluded that it is more likely than not that such net deferred tax asset of the Puerto Rico operations will be realized.

Management will reassess the realization of the deferred tax assets based on the criteria of ASC Topic 740 each reporting period. To the extent that the financial results of the U.S. operations improve and the deferred tax asset becomes realizable, the Corporation will be able to reduce the valuation allowance through earnings.

Refer to Note 40 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on income taxes.

Fourth Quarter Results

 

36


The Corporation recognized net income of $163.0 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, compared with $83.9 million for the same quarter of 2012. The variance in the quarterly results was mainly driven by an after-tax gain of $88.4 million from the sale of EVERTEC shares in connection with its public offerings, net of the impact of $11.0 million from EVERTEC’s reduction in capital due to repurchase of shares.

Net interest income for the fourth quarter of 2013 amounted to $376.3 million, compared with $351.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2012. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase of 342 basis points in the yield on covered loans from 8.01% to 11.43%, accompanied by higher interest income from residential mortgage loans of $6.1 million due to an increase in volume and lower costs of funds.

The provision for loan losses amounted to $56.6 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, compared to $82.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2012, a decline of $26.2 million, consisting a decrease of $23.1 million in BPNA and an a decrease of $3.1 million in BPPR. The provision for the non-covered covered portfolio declined by $38.5 million, due to improvements in credit quality, lower underlying loss trends and the impact of a $8.9 million recovery from the sale of a portfolio of previously charged-off credit cards and personal loans during 2013. The increase in the provision for the covered loan portfolio of $12.4 million was driven by higher net-charge offs.

Non-interest income amounted to $191.2 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, compared with $150.5 million for the same quarter in 2012. The increase in non-interest income was mainly driven by a $92.4 million gain on the previously mentioned sale of EVERTEC shares in connection with its public offering. The fourth quarter of 2012 included $31.6 million of income related to the Corporation’s proportionate share of a benefit from a tax grant received by EVERTEC from the Puerto Rico Government that did not recur in 2013. In addition, there was a decrease of $10.0 million in mortgage banking activities resulting from higher gains on securitization transactions at BPPR during the fourth quarter of 2012.

Operating expenses totaled $322.7 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, compared with $315.2 million for the same quarter in the previous year. There were higher OREO expenses by $9.5 million driven mainly by higher net losses on sale of commercial and construction OREO’s. This unfavorable variance was partially offset by a decrease in other operating expenses of $4.8 million reflected at both the Puerto Rico and U.S. operations.

Income tax expense amounted to $25.2 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, compared with $19.9 million for the same quarter of 2012. The variance was primarily due to higher income recognized by the Corporation during the fourth quarter of 2013 compared with the same period of 2012.

REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS

The Corporation’s reportable segments for managerial reporting purposes consist of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico and Banco Popular North America. A Corporate group has been defined to support the reportable segments. For managerial reporting purposes, the costs incurred by the Corporate group are not allocated to the reportable segments.

For a description of the Corporation’s reportable segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, refer to Note 42 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Corporate group reported a net income of $309.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared with net loss of $91.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The favorable variances at the Corporate group were due to the effect of the $412.8 million after tax gain recognized during 2013 as a result of EVERTEC’s public offerings and connected transactions. For details on these transactions refer to Note 31 “Related party transactions with affiliated company/joint venture” to the consolidated financial statements.

Highlights on the earnings results for the reportable segments are discussed below:

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico

The Banco Popular de Puerto Rico reportable segment’s net income amounted to $173.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared with $290.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The principal factors that contributed to the variance in the financial results included the following:

 

37


   

higher net interest income by $61.3 million, or 5% mainly impacted by lower interest expense from deposits by $28.3 million, or lower interest cost by 16 basis points, mainly from individual certificates of deposits, IRA’s and brokered CD’s related to renewal of maturities at lower prevailing rates and to lower volume of deposits. Also, the cost of borrowings decreased by $17.7 million mostly due to the cancellation of $350 million of repurchase agreements in June 2012 that carried a cost of 4.36% and replacing them with lower cost borrowings. In addition, contributing to the positive impact in net interest income was an increase of $26 million in interest from mortgage loans mostly from acquisitions during the first quarter of 2013, partially offset by the reversal, during the third quarter, of $5.9 million in interest from reverse mortgages which had been accrued in excess of the amount insured by FHA. Also an increase of $7.8 million in interest income from consumer loans mostly resulting from an acquisition of $225 million made during the second quarter of 2012 and an increase in the auto loan business, partially offset by lower interest income from credit cards. These positive impacts were partially offset by a reduction of $19.4 million in interest income from investment securities due to the reinvestment of cash flows received from mortgage backed securities in lower yielding collateralized mortgage obligations as well as the acquisitions of lower yielding agency securities. Although yield in covered portfolio increased by 188 basis points, this was offset by lower balances, resulting in interest income of $300.7 million, relatively flat to 2012. The BPPR reportable segment had a net interest margin of 5.32% for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared with 5.06% for 2012;

 

   

higher provision for loan losses by $260.4 million, or 73%, mostly due to the increase in the provision for loan losses on the non-covered loan portfolio of $265.8 million, mainly related to the incremental provision of $148.8 million and $169.2 million recognized in the first and second quarters of 2013, respectively, related to the non-performing loans bulk sales. Excluding the impact of the sales, the provision for loan losses declined by $52.2 million or 19% to $229.4 million, due to positive trends in credit quality offset by the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses framework;

 

   

lower non-interest income by $119.5 million, or 30% mainly due to:

 

   

unfavorable variances of $49.6 million and $17.4 million in net gains on sale of loans and adjustments to indemnity reserves, respectively, both driven by the negative adjustments recognized in 2013 in connection with the bulk sales of non-performing loans;

   

higher FDIC loss share expense by $25.8 million (refer to Table 2 for components of such variance);

   

lower other operating income by $20.0 million resulting from lower net earnings from the equity investments in PRLP 2011 Holdings, LLC by $4.0 million, and gains of $4.7 million and $2.5 million recognized during 2012 from the sale of a bank premise property and the wholesale indirect property and casualty business of Popular Insurance, respectively;

   

higher trading account losses by $18.0 million mostly related to higher losses on Puerto Rico government obligations and close-end funds and net realized losses on mortgage backed securities sold as compared to net gains reported for the same period in 2012;

   

a decrease of $13.0 million in mortgage banking activities mainly due to lower gain on sale of loans by $49.4 million, mainly for securitization transactions, partially offset by the related closed derivative positions of $32.6 million. Refer to Table 8 for details of Mortgage banking activities.

The negative impact in non-interest income detailed above were partially offset by lower unfavorable valuation adjustments on loans held-for-sale by $30.7 million, principally related to $27.3 million in valuation adjustments recorded during the second quarter of 2012 on commercial and construction loans held-for-sale as a result of updated appraisals and market indicators;

 

   

higher operating expenses by $15.3 million, or 2%, mainly due to:

 

   

an increase of $ 50.9 million in OREO expenses primarily related to the loss of $37.0 million on the bulk sale of commercial and single family real estate owned assets during the first quarter of 2013 and to fair value adjustments on commercial properties, mainly covered assets which are subject to 80% reimbursement from the FDIC;

   

an increase of $10.2 million in other operating taxes principally related to the gross receipts tax imposed on corporations in Puerto Rico during 2013;

   

higher professional fees by $9.5 million mostly due to higher legal, transaction processing and consulting fees;

 

38


The unfavorable variances in operating expenses were partially offset by lower FDIC deposit insurance assessment by $25.5 million resulting from revisions in the deposit-insurance premium calculation, lower levels of high risk assets, and savings achieved from the internal reorganization of Popular Mortgage into BPPR during the fourth quarter of 2012; $25.2 million prepayment expense recorded during the second quarter of 2012 related to the cancellation of repurchase agreements; and $5.0 million in personnel costs mainly due to lower net periodic pension costs, medical insurance costs and postretirement health benefits;

 

   

higher income tax benefit by $216.7 million, mainly due to $197.5 million benefit recognized during the second quarter of 2013 for the increase on the net deferred tax asset due to the change in the corporate tax rate in P.R. from 30% to 39% as compared with a tax benefit of $72.9 million recognized in 2012 resulting from the Closing Agreement with the P.R. Treasury related to the tax treatment of the loans acquired in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction. The increase in income tax benefit was also driven by the loss on the bulk sales of non-performing assets during 2013.

The main factors that contributed to the variance in the financial results for the year ended December 31, 2012, when compared with 2011, included the following:

 

   

lower net interest income by $41.5 million, or 3%, mostly due to a reduction in interest income from the covered loan portfolio by $111.2 million resulting from $37.1 million discount accretion recognized during the year ended December 31, 2011 on revolving lines of credit accounted for pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-20, and from a lower average balance of covered loans by $563 million. Also, a reduction of approximately $794 million in the average volume of money market, investment and trading securities resulted in a lower interest income of $48.3 million. The unfavorable impact resulting from these reductions was partially offset by a $63.6 million reduction in deposit costs or 35 basis points and $44.4 million in the cost of borrowings mostly associated with the prepayment during 2011 of the note issued to the FDIC. The net interest margin was 5.06% for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to 5.02% for 2011;

 

   

lower provision for loan losses by $130.7 million, or 27%, due to the decrease in the provision for loan losses on the covered loan portfolio of $70.8 million, or 49% and $59.9 million, or 18% in the provision for loan losses on the non-covered loan portfolio. The provision for loan losses for the non-covered portfolio reflected lower net charge-offs by $40.9 million and reductions in the allowance for loan losses, mainly driven by the commercial and consumer portfolios, as a result of continued improvement in credit trends. These reductions were more than offset by higher allowance levels for the mortgage loan portfolio prompted by higher loss trends and higher specific reserves for loans restructured under the Corporation’s loss mitigation program. The decrease in the provision for loan losses on covered loans was mainly driven by a lower provision on loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30 as certain pools, principally commercial and construction loan pools, reflected higher increases in expected loss estimates for 2011 when compared with the revisions in expected loss estimates for 2012;

 

   

lower non-interest income by $87.0 million, or 18%, mainly due to:

 

   

FDIC loss share expense of $56.2 million recognized for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared with FDIC loss share income of $66.8 million for 2011. Refer to Table 2 for components of this variance.

 

   

unfavorable variance of $43.6 million in trading account (loss) profit resulting from lower unrealized gains on outstanding mortgage-backed securities due to lower market prices on a lower volume of outstanding pools;

 

   

a decrease of $40.0 million in net gain on sale of loans, including valuation adjustments on loans held-for-sale, principally related to the gain of $17.4 million on the sale of construction and commercial real estate loans to a joint venture during the third quarter of 2011 and $27.3 million in valuation adjustments recorded during the second quarter of 2012 on commercial and construction loans held-for-sale as a result of updated appraisals and market indicators;

 

   

 $8.5 million gain on the sale of $234 million in FHLB notes during the third quarter of 2011;

The negative impacts in non-interest income detailed above were partially offset by:

 

   

higher income from mortgage banking activities by $92.3 million mainly due to higher gains on securitization transactions, lower realized losses on derivatives and lower unfavorable fair value adjustments on mortgage servicing rights. Refer to Table 8 for details of Mortgage banking activities.

 

39


   

lower provision for indemnity reserves on loans sold by $18.6 million and higher other operating income by $9.6 million mainly due to $7.8 million income from the equity investment in PRLP 2011 Holdings, LLC during 2012;

 

   

higher operating expenses by $82.9 million, or 9%, mainly due to an increase of $24.5 million in loss on early extinguishment of debt, primarily related to the cancellation of $350 million in outstanding repurchase agreements during the second quarter of 2012; an increase of $17.7 million in other operating expenses mostly due to costs associated with the collection efforts of the covered loan portfolio, of which 80% is reimbursed by the FDIC; an increase in OREO expenses of $14.9 million mainly related to higher subsequent fair value adjustments on commercial, construction and mortgage properties; and an increase of $16.0 million in professional fees mostly due to appraisal expenses and loan collection efforts, some of which are reimbursable by the FDIC. Also there were unfavorable variances of $7.2 million in personnel costs due to higher incentive and other compensation, net periodic pension costs, medical insurance costs, post retirement health benefits, among other factors; and $5.8 million in business promotion expense mostly from credit card reward programs and other retail product promotional campaigns; and

 

   

lower income tax expense by $140.1 million, mainly due to $103.3 million in income tax expense recognized during the first quarter of 2011 with a corresponding reduction in the Puerto Rico Corporation’s net deferred tax asset as a result of the reduction in the marginal corporate income tax rate due to the Puerto Rico tax reform. The favorable variance was also attributable to a tax benefit of $72.9 million recognized in 2012 resulting from a Closing Agreement with the P.R. Treasury Department related to the tax treatment of the loans acquired in the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction, compared with a tax benefit of $53.6 million recognized in 2011 resulting from a Closing Agreement with the P.R. Treasury Department for the recognition of certain tax benefits not previously recorded during years 2009 (the benefit of reduced tax rates for capital gains) and 2010 (the benefit of the exempt income). The decrease in income tax expense was also due to lower income in the Corporation’s Puerto Rico operations compared to 2011.

Banco Popular North America

For the year ended December 31, 2013, the reportable segment of Banco Popular North America reported net income of $116.6 million, compared with $46.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The principal factors that contributed to the variance in the financial results included the following:

 

   

lower net interest income by $1.4 million, or 0.5%. Although the variance is not significant several factors contributed to the decrease: $18.9 million decrease in the interest income from earning assets, mainly due to lower volumes and yields in the commercial and construction portfolios. This negative variance was partially offset by an increase in interest income from the mortgage portfolio, mostly through acquisitions of high quality loans. Also lower interest income from investment securities by $4.3 million due to reinvestment of cash flows from prepayments and maturities in lower yielding investments due to the prevailing interest rate scenarios. On the positive side, interest expense from deposits decreased by $18.5 million or a lower cost of 34 basis points related to the renewal of maturities from time deposits at lower prevailing rates reducing the cost of time deposits by 56 basis points and to lower volume of deposits. The BPNA reportable segment’s net interest margin was 3.53% for 2013, compared with 3.60% for 2012;

 

   

lower provision for loan losses by $66.8 million, or 128%, principally as a result of a reserve release reflecting improvements in credit quality and economic trends, and the effect of the enhancements to the allowance for loan losses methodology completed during the second quarter of 2013. Refer to the Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality section of this MD&A for certain quality indicators and further explanations corresponding to the BPNA reportable segment;

 

   

lower non-interest income by $1.1 million, or 2%, mostly due to a decrease in service charges on deposits by $4.5 million related to lower non-sufficient funds and checking fees; partially offset by higher gains on sale of loans by $2.0 million mainly related to commercial and construction loans; lower adjustments to indemnity reserves by $1.6 million; and an increase in gains on sale of securities by $1.3 million mainly due to the loss on the sale of non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations during the fourth quarter of 2012;

 

   

lower operating expenses by $5.3 million, or 2%, mainly due to a decrease in other operating expenses by $7.5 million and $6.8 million in professional fees, both mainly related to legal settlements recognized during 2012. These favorable variances were partially offset by an increase in OREO expenses of $5.8 million mainly related to lower net gains on the

 

40


 

sale of commercial real estate properties; higher net occupancy expenses by $2.1 million due to an adjustment to the outstanding deferred rent liability; and higher personnel costs by $1.2 million mainly due to higher savings plan expense and medical insurance costs.

The main factors that contributed to the variance in the financial results for the year ended December 31, 2012, when compared with 2011, included the following:

 

   

lower net interest income by $13.9 million, or 5%, which was primarily the effect of lower average volume by $527 million in the loan portfolio, partially offset by higher volume of investment securities and lower deposit balances. The BPNA reportable segment’s net interest margin was 3.60% for 2012, compared with 3.64% for 2011;

 

   

lower provision for loan losses by $36.4 million, or 41%, principally as a result of lower net charge-offs by $90.6 million mainly from the legacy, commercial and consumer loan portfolios due to improved credit performance. These favorable variances were partly offset by a lower allowance for loan losses release for 2011. In addition, the first quarter of 2011 included a $13.8 million benefit due to improved pricing from the sale of the non-conventional mortgage loan portfolio. Refer to the Credit Risk Management and Loan Quality section of this MD&A for certain quality indicators and further explanations corresponding to the BPNA reportable segment;

 

   

lower non-interest income by $18.0 million, or 24%, mostly due to higher adjustments to indemnity reserves by $6.8 million; lower gains on sale of securities by $4.1 million mainly due to the $2.8 million gain on the sale of a limited partnership interest in real estate limited partnerships owning property qualifying for low-income housing tax credits during the fourth quarter of 2011; lower other service fees by $3.9 million, mostly related to debit card fees due to the effect of the Durbin Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act; lower service charges on deposits by $2.5 million; and lower income from mortgage banking activities due to lower gains on sales of mortgage loans by $3.7 million; and

 

   

lower operating expenses by $11.6 million, or 5%, mainly due to a decrease in OREO expenses of $13.2 million related to higher gains on the sale of commercial real estate properties and lower FDIC insurance assessment by $5.1 million. These favorable variances were partially offset by increases of $4.3 million in personnel costs mainly due to higher headcount, benefit accruals and medical insurance costs, and $2.3 million in other operating expenses mostly due to higher operational losses.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION ANALYSIS

Assets

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s total assets were $35.7 billion, compared with $36.5 billion at December 31, 2012. Refer to the consolidated financial statements included in this 2013 Annual Report for the Corporation’s consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Also, refer to the Statistical Summary 2009-2013 in this MD&A for condensed statements of financial condition for the past five years.

Money market, trading and investment securities

Money market investments amounted to $858 million at December 31, 2013 compared with $1.1 billion at the same date in 2012. The decrease from the end of 2012 to 2013 was mainly due to a decrease of $161 million in time deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Trading account securities amounted to $340 million at December 31, 2013, compared with $315 million at December 31, 2012. The increase in trading account securities was at BPPR segment mainly due to an increase in mortgage backed securities resulting from loans originations during 2013, partially offset by securities sold, principal payments and market valuation. Refer to the Market / Interest Rate Risk section of this MD&A included in the Risk Management section for a table that provides a breakdown of the trading portfolio by security type.

Investment securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity amounted to $5.4 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $5.2 billion at December 31, 2012. Table 11 provides a breakdown of the Corporation’s portfolio of investment securities available-for-sale (“AFS”) and held-to-maturity (“HTM”) on a combined basis at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Notes 7 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements provide additional information with respect to the Corporation’s investment securities AFS and HTM.

 

41


The increase in investment securities available-for-sale is mainly reflected in the categories of Obligations of US Government sponsored entities and Collateralized mortgage obligations mostly due to purchases at BPPR and BPNA during 2013, partially offset by portfolio declines in market value in line with underlying market conditions, maturities, mortgage backed securities prepayments and the prepayment of $22.8 million of EVERTEC’s debentures owned by the Corporation as part of their IPO. At December 31, 2013, the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio was in an unrealized net loss position of $51.1 million, compared with net unrealized gains of $172.5 million at December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2013, the available-for-sale investment portfolio reflects gross unrealized losses of $130 million, driven by US Agency Collateralized Mortgage obligations, obligations from the U.S. Government sponsored entities, and Obligations of the Puerto Rico Government and its political subdivisions. As part of its other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) analysis for all U.S. Agency securities, management considers the US Agency guarantee. The portfolio of Obligations of the Puerto Rico Government is comprised of securities with specific sources of income or revenues identified for repayments. The Corporation performs periodic credit quality review on these issuers.

Table 11 - AFS and HTM Securities

 

(In millions)    2013        2012   

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities

   $ 28.5        $ 37.2   

 

Obligations of U.S. government sponsored entities

     1,629.2          1,096.3   

 

Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions

     180.3          171.2   

 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

     2,418.9          2,369.7   

 

Mortgage-backed securities

     1,135.6          1,483.1   

 

Equity securities

     4.1          7.4   

 

Other

     38.7          62.1   

 

 

 

Total AFS and HTM investment securities

   $           5,435.3        $           5,227.0   

 

 

Loans

Refer to Table 12 for a breakdown of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, the principal category of earning assets. Loans covered under the FDIC loss sharing agreements are presented in a separate line item in Table 12. The risks on covered loans are significantly different as a result of the loss protection provided by the FDIC.

 

42


Table 12 - Loans Ending Balances

 

     At December 31,  

 

 

 

(in thousands)

   2013      2012      2011      2010      2009   

 

 

Loans not covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements:

              

 

Commercial

   $ 10,037,184      $ 9,858,202      $ 9,973,327      $ 10,570,502      $ 11,448,204   

 

Construction

     206,084        252,857        239,939        340,556        1,349,942   

 

Legacy[1]

     211,135        384,217        648,409        1,013,484        1,647,117   

 

Lease financing

     543,761        540,523        548,706        572,787        618,797   

 

Mortgage

     6,681,476        6,078,507        5,518,460        4,524,722        4,603,246   

 

Consumer

     3,932,226        3,868,886        3,673,755        3,705,984        4,045,807   

 

 

 

Total non-covered loans held-in-portfolio

     21,611,866        20,983,192        20,602,596        20,728,035        23,713,113   

 

 

 

Loans covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements:

              

 

Commercial

     1,812,804        2,244,647        2,512,742        2,767,181          

 

Construction

     190,127        361,396        546,826        640,492          

 

Mortgage

     934,373        1,076,730        1,172,954        1,259,459          

 

Consumer

     47,123        73,199        116,181        169,750          

 

 

 

Loans covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements

     2,984,427        3,755,972        4,348,703        4,836,882          

 

 

 

Total loans held-in-portfolio

     24,596,293        24,739,164        24,951,299        25,564,917        23,713,113   

 

 

 

Loans held-for-sale:

              

 

Commercial

     603        16,047        25,730        60,528        972   

 

Construction

     -         78,140        236,045        412,744          

 

Legacy[1]

     -         2,080        468        -         1,925   

 

Mortgage

     109,823        258,201        100,850        420,666        87,899   

 

 

 

Total loans held-for-sale

     110,426        354,468        363,093        893,938        90,796   

 

 

 

Total loans

   $     24,706,719      $     25,093,632      $     25,314,392      $     26,458,855      $     23,803,909   

 

 

[1] The legacy portfolio is comprised of commercial loans, construction loans and lease financings related to certain lending products exited by the Corporation as part of restructuring efforts carried out in prior years at the BPNA reportable segment.

 

In general, the changes in most loan categories generally reflect soft loan demand, loan purchases and bulk sales, the impact of loan charge-offs, portfolio runoff of the exited loan origination channels at the BPNA segment and the resolution of non-performing loans.

The explanations for loan portfolio variances discussed below exclude the impact of the covered loans.

Loans held-in-portfolio

Commercial loans held-in-portfolio increased $179 million from December 31, 2012. Most of the increase was at the BPPR segment, which increased by $169 million and a $10 million increase at the BPNA segment. The increase in the BPPR segment was due to new originations, increases in existing lines of credit and the reclassification of a large loan relationship from the construction category during the third quarter of 2013, partially offset by loan amortization and net charge-offs, in addition to the bulk loan sale completed during the first quarter of 2013. The increase in the BPNA reportable segment was principally due to new originations and purchases, offset by portfolio amortization and the impact of net charge-offs during 2013.

Construction loans held-in-portfolio decreased $47 million from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013, principally at BPPR segment which decreased $51 million. The decrease at BPPR segment was related to a loan with an outstanding balance of $62 million at December 31, 2012 that was reclassified to the commercial category during 2013.

 

43


The BPNA legacy portfolio, which is comprised of commercial loans, construction loans and lease financings related to certain lending products exited by the Corporation as part of restructuring efforts carried out in prior years at the BPNA reportable segment, declined $173 million, mostly due to the run-off status of this portfolio.

The increase in mortgage loans held-in-portfolio was reflected in both segments, BPPR and BPNA. The BPPR segment portfolio increased by $452 million when compared to December 31, 2012, while BPNA segment increased $151 million. The increase in the BPPR segment was principally associated to loan purchases, repurchases and loans originations. During 2013, the Corporation completed two bulk purchases of loans to financial institutions, acquiring $761 million in mortgage loans. Partially offsetting these increases, were net charge-offs of $56 million during 2013 and the bulk sale of loans with a carrying value of $435 million during the second quarter. The increase in BPNA segment was mainly related to portfolio purchases of approximately $411 million, partially offset by prepayments, portfolio amortization and net charge-offs.

The consumer loans held-in-portfolio increased $63 million from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013. The BPPR segment experienced an increase of $82 million, mainly in auto loans originations, which increased by $139 million. The BPNA segment decreased by $19 million due to the run-off status of a large portion of this portfolio.

Loans held-for-sale

The portfolio of mortgage loans held-for-sale decreased $148 million from December 31, 2012. The decrease was mainly at BPPR segment, which decreased by $148 million, mainly due to lower volume of originations for sale in the secondary market. Commercial and construction loans held-for-sale loans decreased $15 million and $78 million, respectively. During the first quarter of 2013, the Corporation completed a bulk sale of non-performing loans, which reduced the BPPR commercial and construction loans held-for-sale portfolios by $49.7 million and $9.8 million, respectively. The remaining construction and commercial balance of $14.9 million was reclassified to the held-in-portfolio category.

Covered loans

Covered loans were initially recorded at fair value. Their carrying value approximated $3.0 billion at December 31, 2013, of which approximately 61% pertained to commercial loans, 6% to construction loans, 31% to mortgage loans and 2% to consumer loans. Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements presents the carrying amount of the covered loans broken down by major loan type categories and the activity in the carrying amount of loans accounted for pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-30. A substantial amount of the covered loans, or approximately $2.8 billion of their carrying value at December 31, 2013, was accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30. The reduction of $663.8 million from December 31, 2012 was principally the result of loan collections and resolutions, partially offset by the accretion on the loans, which increases their carrying value. Tables 13 and 14 provide the activity in the carrying amount and accretable yield on the covered loans accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30. The outstanding accretable yield has been impacted by increases in cash flow expectations on the loan pools based on quarterly revisions of the portfolio. The increase in the accretable yield is recognized as interest income using the effective yield method over the estimated life in each applicable loan pool.

FDIC loss share asset

As indicated in the Critical Accounting Policies / Estimates section of this MD&A, the Corporation recorded the FDIC loss share asset, measured separately from the covered loans, as part of the Westernbank FDIC-assisted transaction. Based on the accounting guidance in ASC Topic 805, at each reporting date subsequent to the initial recording of the indemnification asset, the Corporation measures the indemnification asset on the same basis as the covered loans and assesses its collectability.

The amount to be ultimately collected for the indemnification asset is dependent upon the performance of the underlying covered assets, the passage of time, claims submitted to the FDIC and the Corporation’s compliance with the terms of the loss sharing agreements. Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the FDIC loss share agreements.

 

44


Table 13 - Activity in the Carrying Amount of Covered Loans Accounted for Under ASC 310-30

 

    

Year ended

December 31,

 
  

 

 

 
(In thousands)    2013     2012  

 

 

Beginning balance

   $ 3,491,759     $ 4,036,471   

Accretion

     279,708       280,596   

Collections / charge-offs

     (943,520     (825,308)   

 

 

Ending balance

   $ 2,827,947     $ 3,491,759   

Allowance for loan losses (ALLL)

     (93,915     (95,407)   

 

 

Ending balance, net of ALLL

   $         2,734,032     $         3,396,352   

 

 

Table 14 - Activity in the Accretable Yield on Covered Loans Accounted for Under ASC 310-30

 

     Year ended December 31,  
(In thousands)    2013     2012   

 

 

Beginning balance

   $ 1,451,669     $ 1,470,259   

Accretion [1]

     (279,708     (280,596)   

Change in expected cash flows

     137,244       262,006   

 

 

Ending balance

   $           1,309,205     $           1,451,669   

 

 
[1] Positive to earnings, which is included in interest income.   

 

 

The loan discount accretion in 2013 and 2012, which is recorded in interest income, resulted principally from accelerated cash expectations and loan resolutions, for some of which the Corporation had estimated significantly higher losses. These cash flows resulted in a faster recognition of the corresponding loan pool’s accretable yield.

Although the reduction in estimated loan losses increases the accretable yield to be recognized over the life of the loans, it also has the effect of lowering the realizable value of the loss share asset since the Corporation would receive lower FDIC payments under the loss share agreements.

Table 15 sets forth the activity in the FDIC loss share asset for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2012.

Table 15 - Activity of Loss Share Asset

 

     Year ended December 31,  
(In thousands)    2013     2012     2011   

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 1,399,098     $ 1,915,128     $ 2,410,219   

Amortization of loss share indemnification asset

     (161,635     (129,676     (10,855)   

Credit impairment losses to be covered under loss sharing agreements

     60,454       58,187       110,457   

Reimbursable expenses

     50,985       30,771       5,093   

Decrease due to reciprocal accounting on amortization of contingent liability on unfunded commitments

     (473     (969     (33,221)   

Net payments to (from) FDIC under loss sharing agreements

     (396,223     (462,016     (561,111)   

Other adjustments attributable to FDIC loss sharing agreements

     (3,598     (12,327     (5,454)   

 

 

Balance at end of period

   $       948,608     $      1,399,098     $      1,915,128   

 

 

Table 16 - Activity in the Remaining FDIC Loss Share Asset Discount

 

     Year ended December 31,  
(In thousands)    2013     2012     2011   

 

 

Balance at beginning of period[1]

   $ 141,800     $ 117,916     $ (139,283)   

Amortization of negative discount[2]

     (161,635     (129,676     (10,855)   

Impact of lower projected losses

     123,526       153,560       268,054   

 

 

Balance at end of period

   $         103,691     $         141,800     $         117,916   

 

 

[1] Positive balance represents negative discount (debit to assets), while a negative balance represents a discount (credit to assets).

[2] Amortization results in a negative impact to non-interest income, while a positive balance results in a positive impact to non-interest income, particularly FDIC loss share income / expense.

 

 

45


While the Corporation was originally accreting to the future value of the loss share indemnity asset, the lowered loss estimates required the Corporation to amortize the loss share asset to its currently lower expected collectible balance, thus resulting in negative accretion. Due to the shorter life of the indemnity asset compared with the expected life of the covered loans, this negative accretion temporarily offsets the benefit of higher cash flows accounted through the accretable yield on the loans.

Other real estate owned

Other real estate owned (OREO) represents real estate property received in satisfaction of debt. At December 31, 2013, OREO amounted to $304 million from $406 million at December 31, 2012. The decrease was mainly as a result of write-downs in value and sales, including the bulk sale of non-performing assets completed during the first quarter of 2013, which reduced OREO by $108 million. Refer to Table 17 for the activity in other real estate owned. The amounts included as “covered other real estate” are subject to the FDIC loss sharing agreements.

Table 17 - Other Real Estate Owned Activity

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2013  
(In thousands)   

Non-covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

     Non-covered    
OREO    
Mortgage    
    

Covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

           Covered      
      OREO      
       Mortgage      
             Total          

 

 

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 135,862         $ 130,982         $ 99,398         $ 39,660         $ 405,902   

Write-downs in value

     (11,377)         (9,525)         (18,857)         (4,102)         (43,861)   

Additions

     32,175         82,985         87,800         30,037         232,997   

Sales

     (108,254)         (118,596)         (48,447)         (17,720)         (293,017)   

Other adjustments

     243         1,006         321         (83)         1,487   

 

 

Ending balance

     $ 48,649         $ 86,852         $ 120,215         $ 47,792         $ 303,508   

 

 
     For the year ended December 31, 2012  
(In thousands)   

Non-covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

     Non-covered    
OREO    
Mortgage    
    

Covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

           Covered      
      OREO      
       Mortgage      
             Total          

 

 

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 90,230         $ 82,267         $ 77,776         $ 31,359         $ 281,632   

Write-downs in value

     (13,727)         (10,823)         (7,466)         (767)         (32,783)   

Additions

     110,947         108,312         60,920         23,195         303,374   

Sales

     (51,422)         (46,091)         (32,022)         (13,122)         (142,657)   

Other adjustments

     (166)         (2,683)         190        (1,005)         (3,664)   

 

 

Ending balance

     $ 135,862         $ 130,982         $ 99,398         $ 39,660         $ 405,902   

 

 
     For the year ended December 31, 2011  
(In thousands)   

Non-covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

     Non-covered    
OREO    
Mortgage    
    

Covered

OREO
Commercial/ Construction    

           Covered      
      OREO      
       Mortgage      
             Total          

 

 

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 87,283         $ 74,213         $ 41,153         $ 16,412         $ 219,061   

Write-downs in value

     (15,576)         (3,032)         (4,095)         (220)         (22,923)   

Additions

     78,064         77,543         54,898         23,421         233,926   

Sales

     (59,537)         (65,115)         (13,829)         (8,184)         (146,665)   

Other adjustments

     (4)         (1,342)         (351)         (70)         (1,767)   

 

 

Ending balance

     $ 90,230         $ 82,267         $ 77,776         $ 31,359         $ 281,632   

 

 

Other assets

Table 18 provides a breakdown of the principal categories that comprise the caption of “Other assets” in the consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

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Table 18 - Other Assets

 

(In thousands)    2013      2012      Change  

 

 

Net deferred tax assets (net of valuation allowance)

   $ 761,768      $ 541,499      $ 220,269   

Investments under the equity method

     197,006        246,776        (49,770)   

Bank-owned life insurance program

     228,805        233,475        (4,670)   

Prepaid FDIC insurance assessment

     383        27,533        (27,150)   

Prepaid taxes

     91,504        88,360        3,144   

Other prepaid expenses

     67,108        60,626        6,482   

Derivative assets

     34,710        41,925        (7,215)   

Trades receivables from brokers and counterparties

     71,680        137,542        (65,862)   

Others

     234,594        191,842        42,752   

 

 

Total other assets

   $             1,687,558      $             1,569,578      $                117,980   

 

 

The increase in other assets from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 was principally due to higher deferred tax assets mainly due to the impact of the increase in the corporate tax rate during the third quarter of 2013, from 30% to 39% in Puerto Rico, the deferred tax asset that resulted from the loss on the bulk sale of non-performing assets completed during 2013, partially offset by a decrease in the deferred tax asset related to the reduction in the pension plan and post retirement liability. Also, the “other” caption increased by $43 million mostly due to claims receivable mainly related to insured mortgage delinquent loans. Partially offsetting these increases, were lower securities sold not yet delivered by $66 million reflected as trades receivables from brokers and counterparties, a decrease in investments accounted for under the equity method mainly due to a decrease in the investment in EVERTEC as a result of the sale of shares completed during 2013, partially offset by the 24.9% equity investment in PR Asset Portfolio 2013-1 International, LLC created in March 2013 as part of the NPAs bulk sale transaction and lower FDIC prepaid asset. Refer to Notes 16 and 31 for additional information on the Corporation’s investments under the equity method.

Deposits and Borrowings

The composition of the Corporation’s financing to total assets at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 is included in Table 19.

Table 19 - Financing to Total Assets

 

     December 31,      December 31,      % increase (decrease)        % of total assets       
(In millions)    2013      2012      from 2012 to 2013        2013      2012       

 

 

Non-interest bearing deposits

   $               5,923      $               5,795        2.2         16.6  %       15.9 %    

Interest-bearing core deposits

     16,026         15,993        0.2           44.8        43.8       

Other interest-bearing deposits

     4,762         5,213        (8.7)           13.3        14.3       

Repurchase agreements

     1,659        2,017        (17.8)           4.6        5.5       

Other short-term borrowings

     401        636        (37.0)           1.1        1.7       

Notes payable

     1,585        1,778        (10.9)           4.4        4.9       

Other liabilities

     767        966        (20.6)           2.2        2.6       

Stockholders’ equity

     4,626        4,110        12.6           13.0         11.3       

 

 

 

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Deposits

Table 20 - Deposits Ending Balances

 

(In thousands)    2013      2012      2011      2010      2009   

 

 

Demand deposits [1]

   $ 6,590,963      $ 6,442,739      $ 6,256,530      $ 5,501,430      $ 5,066,282   

Savings, NOW and money market deposits (non-brokered)

     11,255,309        11,190,335        10,762,869        10,371,580        9,635,347   

Savings, NOW and money market deposits (brokered)

     553,521        456,830        212,688        -           

Time deposits (non-brokered)

     6,478,103        6,541,660        7,552,434        8,594,759        8,513,854   

Time deposits (brokered CDs)

     1,833,249        2,369,049        3,157,606        2,294,431        2,709,411   

 

 

Total deposits

   $     26,711,145      $     27,000,613      $     27,942,127      $     26,762,200      $     25,924,894   

 

 
[1] Includes interest and non-interest bearing demand deposits.               

 

 

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s total deposits amounted to $26.7 billion, compared to $27.0 billion at December 31, 2012. The decrease in total deposits from the end of 2012 to December 31, 2013 was mainly related to lower time deposits of $0.6 billion, principally due to the maturity of brokered CD’s at the BPPR segment. Lower deposit costs have contributed favorably to maintain the Corporation’s net interest margin above 4%. Refer to Table 20 for a breakdown of the Corporation’s deposits at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Borrowings

The Corporation’s borrowings amounted to $3.6 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $4.4 billion at December 31, 2012. The decrease in borrowings was mostly due to lower short term FHLB of NY advances and the early cancellation of $233 million in senior notes during the third quarter of 2013. Refer to Notes 19, 20 and 21 to the consolidated financial statements for detailed information on the Corporation’s borrowings at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Also, refer to the Liquidity section in this MD&A for additional information on the Corporation’s funding sources.

Refer to the Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other Commitments section in this MD&A for additional information on the Corporation’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2013.

Other liabilities

The Corporation’s other liabilities amounted to $767 million at December 31, 2013, compared with $966 million at December 31, 2012. The decrease in other liabilities of $199 million was mostly due to lower pension plan and postretirement health benefits liability of $152 million and $38 million, respectively, due to actuarial valuation adjustments.

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ equity totaled $4.6 billion at December 31, 2013, compared with $4.1 billion at December 31, 2012. The increase was principally due to the net income of $599.3 million recorded for the year and a positive adjustment to the pension liability recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, partially offset by the negative change in the unrealized gains (losses) position of the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio which is also recorded as other comprehensive income. Refer to the consolidated statements of financial condition and of stockholders’ equity for information on the composition of stockholders’ equity. Also, refer to Note 26 for a detail of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), an integral component of stockholders’ equity.

Application for the Repayment of TARP

On October 18, 2013, the Corporation submitted a formal application to the Federal Reserve of New York to redeem the $935 million in trust preferred securities due under the Troubled Assets Relief Program (“TARP”), discussed in Note 23 to the accompanying financial statements. While there can be no assurance that the Corporation will be approved to repay TARP, nor on the timing of this event, if the Corporation is approved and repays TARP in full, a non-cash charge to earnings would be recorded for the unamortized portion of the discount associated with this debt, which at December 31, 2013 had a balance of $404 million.

 

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REGULATORY CAPITAL

Table 21 presents the Corporation’s capital adequacy information for the years 2009 through 2013. Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements presents further information on the Corporation’s regulatory capital requirements, including the regulatory capital ratios of its depository institutions, BPPR and BPNA. The Corporation continues to exceed the well-capitalized guidelines under the federal banking regulations.

Table 21 - Capital Adequacy Data

 

     At December 31,  

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

   2013     2012     2011     2010     2009        

 

 

 

Risk-based capital:

          

 

Tier I capital

   $ 4,464,742             $ 4,058,242             $ 3,899,593     $ 3,733,776     $ 2,563,915        

 

Supplementary (Tier II) capital

     296,813       298,906       312,477       328,522       346,527        

 

 

 

Total capital

   $ 4,761,555             $ 4,357,148             $ 4,212,070     $ 4,062,298     $ 2,910,442        

 

 

 

Risk-weighted assets:

          

 

Balance sheet items

   $ 21,409,548             $ 21,175,833             $ 21,775,369     $ 22,621,779     $ 23,182,230        

 

Off-balance sheet items

     1,909,126       2,215,739       2,638,954       3,099,186       2,964,649        

 

 

 

Total risk-weighted assets

   $ 23,318,674             $ 23,391,572             $ 24,414,323     $ 25,720,965     $ 26,146,879        

 

 

 

Adjusted average quarterly assets

   $   34,746,137             $   35,226,183             $   35,783,749     $   38,490,597     $   34,197,244        

 

 

 

Ratios:

          

 

Tier I capital (minimum required – 4.00%)

     19.15  %      17.35  %      15.97  %      14.52  %      9.81 %     

 

Total capital (minimum required – 8.00%)

     20.42       18.63       17.25       15.79       11.13        

 

Leverage ratio [1]

     12.85       11.52       10.90       9.70       7.50        

 

Average equity to assets

     11.52       10.60       9.81       8.49       7.80        

 

Average tangible equity to assets

     9.78       8.82       8.10       6.77       6.12        

 

Average equity to loans

     16.88       15.47       14.57       12.62       11.48        

 

Internal capital generation rate [2]

     14.26       6.28       3.95       4.21       (21.88)        

 

 

[1] All banks are required to have minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 3% or 4% of adjusted quarterly average assets, depending on the bank’s classification.

[2] Internal capital generation rate is defined as the rate at which a bank generates equity capital, computed by dividing net income (loss) less dividends by the average balance of stockholders’ equity for a given accounting period.

 

To meet minimum adequately-capitalized regulatory requirements, an institution must maintain a Tier 1 capital ratio of 4% and a total capital ratio of 8%. A “well-capitalized” institution must generally maintain capital ratios 200 basis points higher than the minimum guidelines. The risk-based capital rules have been further supplemented by a Tier 1 leverage ratio, defined as Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average total assets, after certain adjustments. “Well capitalized” bank holding companies must have a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%. The Corporation’s ratios presented in Table 21 show that the Corporation was “well capitalized” for regulatory purposes, the highest classification, for all years presented. BPPR and BPNA were also well-capitalized for all years presented.

The improvement in the Corporation’s regulatory capital ratios from the end of 2012 to December 31, 2013 was principally due to internal capital generation from earnings, partially offset by an increase in the portion of the net deferred tax assets that does not qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 capital based on the capital guidelines. The increase in the disallowed net deferred tax assets was mainly due to the higher corporate tax rate in the Puerto Rico tax jurisdiction.

The tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share, which are presented in the table that follows, are non-GAAP measures. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations with significant amounts of goodwill or other intangible assets, typically stemming from the use of the purchase accounting method of accounting for mergers and acquisitions. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be

 

49


considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Moreover, the manner in which the Corporation calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

Table 22 provides a reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Table 22 - Reconciliation Tangible Common Equity and Assets

 

     At December 31,  
  

 

 

 
(In thousands, except share or per share information)    2013      2012        

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     $ 4,626,150      $ 4,110,000        

 

Less: Preferred stock

     (50,160      (50,160)        

 

Less: Goodwill

     (647,757      (647,757)        

 

Less: Other intangibles

     (45,132      (54,295)        

 

 

 

Total tangible common equity

     $ 3,883,101      $ 3,357,788        

 

 

 

Total assets

     $ 35,749,333      $ 36,507,535        

 

Less: Goodwill

     (647,757      (647,757)        

 

Less: Other intangibles

     (45,132      (54,295)        

 

 

 

Total tangible assets

     $ 35,056,444      $ 35,805,483        

 

 

 

Tangible common equity to tangible assets at end of period

     11.08  %       9.38   %   

 

Common shares outstanding at end of period

                 103,397,699                    103,169,806        

 

Tangible book value per common share

     $ 37.56      $ 32.55        

 

 

The Tier 1 common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio is another non-GAAP measure. Ratios calculated based upon Tier 1 common equity have become a focus of regulators and investors, and management believes ratios based on Tier 1 common equity assist investors in analyzing the Corporation’s capital position.

Because Tier 1 common equity is not formally defined by GAAP or, unlike Tier 1 capital, codified in the federal banking regulations currently in place as of December 31, 2013, this measure is considered to be a non-GAAP financial measure. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, the Corporation has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

 

50


Table 23 reconciles the Corporation’s total common stockholders’ equity (GAAP) to Tier 1 common equity as defined by the Federal Reserve Board, FDIC and other bank regulatory agencies (non-GAAP).

Table 23 - Reconciliation Tier 1 Common Equity

 

     At December 31,  
(In thousands)   

 

2013

     2012              

 

 

Common stockholders’ equity

           $           4,575,990      $           4,059,840              

Less: Unrealized losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax[1]

     48,344        (154,568)              

Less: Disallowed deferred tax assets[2]

     (626,570      (385,060)              

Less: Disallowed goodwill and other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liability

     (643,185      (662,201)              

Less: Aggregate adjusted carrying value of non-financial equity investments

     (1,442      (1,160)              

Add: Pension and postretirement benefit plan liability adjustment, net of tax and of accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges[3]

     104,302        226,159              

 

 

Total Tier 1 common equity

           $ 3,457,439      $ 3,083,010              

 

 

Tier 1 common equity to risk-weighted assets

     14.83  %       13.18 %           

 

 

[1] In accordance with regulatory risk-based capital guidelines, Tier 1 capital excludes net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities and net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair values. In arriving at Tier 1 capital, institutions are required to deduct net unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair values, net of tax.

[2] Approximately $167 million of the Corporation’s $762 million of net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 ($118 million and $541 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012), were included without limitation in regulatory capital pursuant to the risk-based capital guidelines, while approximately $627 million of such assets at December 31, 2013 ($385 million at December 31, 2012) exceeded the limitation imposed by these guidelines and, as “disallowed deferred tax assets”, were deducted in arriving at Tier 1 capital. The remaining ($32) million of the Corporation’s other net deferred tax components at December 31, 2013 ($38 million at December 31, 2012) represented primarily the following items (a) the deferred tax effects of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, which are permitted to be excluded prior to deriving the amount of net deferred tax assets subject to limitation under the guidelines; (b) the deferred tax asset corresponding to the pension liability adjustment recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income; and (c) the deferred tax liability associated with goodwill and other intangibles.

[3] The Federal Reserve Board has granted interim capital relief for the impact of pension liability adjustment.

 

 

New Capital Rules to Implement Basel III Capital Requirements

On July 2, 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Board”) approved final rules (“New Capital Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework for all U.S. banking organizations. On July 9, 2013, the New Capital Rules were approved by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and (as interim final rules) by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) (together with the Board, the “Agencies”).

The New Capital Rules generally implement the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (the “Basel Committee”) December 2010 final capital framework referred to as “Basel III” for strengthening international capital standards. The New Capital Rules substantially revise the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and their depository institution subsidiaries, including Popular, BPPR and BPNA, as compared to the current U.S. general risk-based capital rules. The New Capital Rules revise the definitions and the components of regulatory capital, as well as address other issues affecting the numerator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios. The New Capital Rules also address asset risk weights and other matters affecting the denominator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios and replace the existing general risk-weighting approach, which was derived from the Basel Committee’s 1988 “Basel I” capital accords, with a more risk-sensitive approach based, in part, on the “standardized approach” in the Basel Committee’s 2004 “Basel II” capital accords. In addition, the New Capital Rules implement certain provisions of Dodd-Frank Act, including the requirements of Section 939A to remove references to credit ratings from the federal agencies’ rules. The New Capital Rules are effective for Popular, BPPR and BPNA on January 1, 2015, subject to phase-in periods for certain of their components and other provisions.

Among other matters, the New Capital Rules: (i) introduce a new capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”) and related regulatory capital ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets; (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting certain revised requirements; (iii) mandate that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital; and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions from and

 

51


adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations. Under the New Capital Rules, for most banking organizations, including the Corporation, the most common form of Additional Tier 1 capital is non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and the most common form of Tier 2 capital is subordinated notes and a portion of the allocation for loan and lease losses, in each case, subject to the New Capital Rules’ specific requirements.

Pursuant to the New Capital Rules, the minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2015 will be as follows:

 

   

4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;

 

   

6.0% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets;

 

   

8.0% Total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets; and

 

   

4% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the “leverage ratio”).

The New Capital Rules also introduce a new “capital conservation buffer”, composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. Thus, when fully phased-in on January 1, 2019, Popular, BPPR and BPNA will be required to maintain such additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%, (ii) Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.5%, and (iii) Total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10.5%.

The New Capital Rules provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences that could not be realized through net operating loss carrybacks and significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such items, in the aggregate, exceed 15% of CET1.

In addition, under the current general risk-based capital rules, the effects of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (“AOCI”) items included in shareholders’ equity (for example, marks-to-market of securities held in the available for sale portfolio) under U.S. GAAP are reversed for the purposes of determining regulatory capital ratios. Pursuant to the New Capital Rules, the effects of certain AOCI items are not excluded; however, non-advanced approaches banking organizations, including Popular, BPPR and BPNA, may make a one-time permanent election to continue to exclude these items. This election must be made concurrently with the first filing of certain of the Popular’s, BPPR’s and BPNA’s periodic regulatory reports in the beginning of 2015. Popular, BPPR and BPNA expect to make this election in order to avoid significant variations in the level of capital depending upon the impact of interest rate fluctuations on the fair value of their securities portfolio. The New Capital Rules also preclude certain hybrid securities, such as trust preferred securities, from inclusion in bank holding companies’ Tier 1 capital, subject to phase-out in the case of bank holding companies that had $15 billion or more in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009. The Corporation’s Tier I capital level at December 31, 2013, included $427 million of trust preferred securities that are subject to the phase-out provisions of the New Capital Rules. The Corporation would be allowed to include only 25 percent of such trust preferred securities in Tier 1 capital as of January 1, 2015 and 0 percent as of January 1, 2016, and thereafter. Trust preferred securities no longer included in Popular’s Tier 1 capital may nonetheless be included as a component of Tier 2 capital on a permanent basis without phase-out and irrespective of whether such securities otherwise meet the revised definition of Tier 2 capital set forth in the New Capital Rules. The Corporation’s trust preferred securities issued to the U.S. Treasury pursuant to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 are exempt from the phase-out provision.

Implementation of the deductions and other adjustments to CET1 will begin on January 1, 2015 and will be phased-in over a 4-year period (beginning at 40% on January 1, 2015 and an additional 20% per year thereafter). The implementation of the capital conservation buffer will begin on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and increase by 0.625% on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019.

 

52


With respect to BPPR and BPNA, the New Capital Rules revise the “prompt corrective action” (“PCA”) regulations adopted pursuant to Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, by: (i) introducing a CET1 ratio requirement at each PCA category (other than critically undercapitalized), with the required CET1 ratio being 6.5% for well-capitalized status; (ii) increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category, with the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio for well-capitalized status being 8% (as compared to the current 6%); and (iii) eliminating the current provision that provides that a bank with a composite supervisory rating of 1 may have a 3% leverage ratio and still be adequately capitalized. The New Capital Rules do not change the total risk-based capital requirement for any PCA category.

 

The New Capital Rules prescribe a new standardized approach for risk weightings that expand the risk-weighting categories from the current four Basel I-derived categories (0%, 20%, 50% and 100%) to a larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets, and resulting in higher risk weights for a variety of asset classes.

We believe that Popular, BPPR and BPNA will be able to meet well-capitalized capital ratios upon implementation of the revised requirements, as finalized.

 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND OTHER COMMITMENTS

In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation engages in financial transactions that are not recorded on the balance sheet, or may be recorded on the balance sheet in amounts that are different than the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. As a provider of financial services, the Corporation routinely enters into commitments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financial needs of its customers. These commitments may include loan commitments and standby letters of credit. These commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process used for on-balance sheet instruments. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the statement of financial position. Other types of off-balance sheet arrangements that the Corporation enters in the ordinary course of business include derivatives, operating leases and provision of guarantees, indemnifications, and representation and warranties.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The Corporation has various financial obligations, including contractual obligations and commercial commitments, which require future cash payments on debt and lease agreements. Also, in the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into contractual arrangements whereby it commits to future purchases of products or services from third parties. Obligations that are legally binding agreements, whereby the Corporation agrees to purchase products or services with a specific minimum quantity defined at a fixed, minimum or variable price over a specified period of time, are defined as purchase obligations.

Purchase obligations include major legal and binding contractual obligations outstanding at the end of 2013, primarily for services, equipment and real estate construction projects. Services include software licensing and maintenance, facilities maintenance, supplies purchasing, and other goods or services used in the operation of the business. Generally, these contracts are renewable or cancelable at least annually, although in some cases the Corporation has committed to contracts that may extend for several years to secure favorable pricing concessions.

As previously indicated, the Corporation also enters into derivative contracts under which it is required either to receive or pay cash, depending on changes in interest rates. These contracts are carried at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial condition with the fair value representing the net present value of the expected future cash receipts and payments based on market rates of interest as of the statement of condition date. The fair value of the contract changes daily as interest rates change. The Corporation may also be required to post additional collateral on margin calls on the derivatives and repurchase transactions.

 

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At December 31, 2013, the aggregate contractual cash obligations, including purchase obligations and borrowings, by maturities, are presented in Table 24.

Table 24 - Contractual Obligations

 

     Payments Due by Period  

 

 
(In millions)   

 

Less than 1 year

 

    

 

1 to 3 years

 

    

 

3 to 5 years

 

    

 

After 5 years

 

   

 

Total

 

 

 

 

Certificates of deposits

   $                   5,387       $             1,941       $                 912       $                 71      $             8,311   

Repurchase agreements

     917         627         115               1,659   

Other short-term borrowings

     401                             401   

Long-term debt

     126         242         202         991 [1 ]       1,561   

Purchase obligations

     118         73         30         25        246   

Annual rental commitments under operating leases

     37         67         47         146        297   

Capital leases

                          18        24   

 

 

Total contractual cash obligations

   $ 6,987       $ 2,952       $ 1,309       $ 1,251      $ 12,499   

 

 

[1] Includes junior subordinated debentures with an aggregate liquidation amount of $936 million, net of $ 404 million discount. These junior subordinated debentures are perpetual (no stated maturity).

 

Under the Corporation’s repurchase agreements, Popular is required to deposit cash or qualifying securities to meet margin requirements. To the extent that the value of securities previously pledged as collateral declines because of changes in interest rates, the Corporation will be required to deposit additional cash or securities to meet its margin requirements, thereby adversely affecting its liquidity.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s liability on its pension, restoration and postretirement benefit plans amounted to $130 million, compared with $319 million at December 31, 2012. The Corporation’s expected contributions to the pension and benefit restoration plans are minimal, while the expected contributions to the postretirement benefit plan to fund current benefit payment requirements are estimated at $6.2 million for 2014. Obligations to these plans are based on current and projected obligations of the plans, performance of the plan assets, if applicable, and any participant contributions. Refer to Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on these plans. Management believes that the effect of the pension and postretirement plans on liquidity is not significant to the Corporation’s overall financial condition. The BPPR’s non-contributory defined pension and benefit restoration plans are frozen with regards to all future benefit accruals.

At December 31, 2013, the liability for uncertain tax positions was $9.8 million, compared with $13.4 million as of the end of 2012. This liability represents an estimate of tax positions that the Corporation has taken in its tax returns which may ultimately not be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. The ultimate amount and timing of any future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty. Under the statute of limitations, the liability for uncertain tax positions expires as follows: 2014 - $4.8 million, 2015 - $2.2 million, 2016 - $0.8 million, 2017 - $0.8 million, and 2018 - $1.2 million. As a result of examinations, the Corporation anticipates a reduction in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months, which could amount to approximately $7.6 million.

The Corporation also utilizes lending-related financial instruments in the normal course of business to accommodate the financial needs of its customers. The Corporation’s exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses credit procedures and policies in making those commitments and conditional obligations as it does in extending loans to customers. Since many of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total contractual amounts are not representative of the Corporation’s actual future credit exposure or liquidity requirements for these commitments.

 

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The following table presents the contractual amounts related to the Corporation’s off-balance sheet lending and other activities at December 31, 2013:

Table 25 - Off-Balance Sheet Lending and Other Activities

 

     Amount of Commitment - Expiration Period  

 

 
(In millions)    2014       

 

2015 -

2016

      

2017 -

2018

      

2019 -

thereafter

       Total  

 

 

Commitments to extend credit

   $       6,699        $         533         $         143         $         116         $       7,491   

Commercial letters of credit

     3                                      

Standby letters of credit

     77                                     79   

Commitments to originate mortgage loans

     35          13                             48   

Unfunded investment obligations

     1                                     10   

 

 

Total

   $ 6,815        $ 557         $ 143         $ 116         $ 7,631   

 

 

Guarantees Associated with Loans Sold / Serviced

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation serviced $2.5 billion in residential mortgage loans subject to lifetime credit recourse provisions, principally loans associated with FNMA and FHLMC residential mortgage loan securitization programs, compared with $2.9 billion at December 31, 2012. The Corporation has not sold any mortgage loans subject to credit recourse since 2010.

In the event of any customer default, pursuant to the credit recourse provided, the Corporation is required to repurchase the loan or reimburse the third party investor for the incurred loss. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Corporation would be required to make under the recourse arrangements in the event of nonperformance by the borrowers is equivalent to the total outstanding balance of the residential mortgage loans serviced with recourse and interest, if applicable. In the event of nonperformance by the borrower, the Corporation has rights to the underlying collateral securing the mortgage loan. The Corporation suffers losses on these loans when the proceeds from a foreclosure sale of the property underlying a defaulted mortgage loan are less than the outstanding principal balance of the loan plus any uncollected interest advanced and the costs of holding and disposing the related property.

In the case of Puerto Rico, most claims are settled by repurchases of delinquent loans, the majority of which are greater than 90 days past due. The average time period to prepare an initial response to a repurchase request is from 30 to 120 days from the initial written notice depending on the type of the repurchase request. Failure by the Corporation to respond to a request for repurchase on a timely basis could result in a deterioration of the seller/servicer relationship and the seller/servicer’s overall standing. In certain instances, investors could require additional collateral to ensure compliance with the servicer’s repurchase obligation or cancel the seller/servicer license and exercise their rights to transfer the servicing to an eligible seller/servicer.

 

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The following table presents the delinquency status of the residential mortgage loans serviced by the Corporation that are subject to lifetime credit recourse provisions at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Table 26 - Delinquency of Residential Mortgage Loans Subject to Lifetime Credit Recourse

 

 

 

 

(In thousands)

   2013               2012                

 

 

Total portfolio

   $     2,524,155             $    2,932,555                

Days past due:

        

30 days and over

   $ 347,046             $ 412,313                

90 days and over

   $ 138,018             $ 158,679                

As a percentage of total portfolio:

        

30 days past due or more

     13.75 %            14.06 %             

90 days past due or more

     5.47 %            5.41 %             

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Corporation repurchased approximately $126 million of unpaid principal balance in mortgage loans subject to the credit recourse provisions (December 31, 2012 - $157 million). There are no particular loan characteristics, such as loan vintages, loan type, loan-to-value ratio, or other criteria, that denote any specific trend or a concentration of repurchases in any particular segment. Based on historical repurchase experience, the loan delinquency status is the main factor which causes the repurchase request. The current economic situation has forced the investors to take a closer review at loan performance and recourse triggers, thus causing an increase in loan repurchases.

At December 31, 2013, there were 5 outstanding unresolved claims related to the recourse portfolio with a principal balance outstanding of $769 thousand, compared with 59 and $8.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012. The outstanding unresolved claims at December 31, 2013 and 2012 pertained to FNMA.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s liability established to cover the estimated credit loss exposure related to loans sold or serviced with credit recourse amounted to $41 million, compared with $52 million at December 31, 2012.

The following table presents the changes in the Corporation’s liability of estimated losses from these credit recourses agreements, included in the consolidated statements of financial condition for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Table 27 - Changes in Liability of Estimated Losses from Credit Recourse Agreements

 

(In thousands)    2013       2012   

 

 

Balance as of beginning of period

   $        51,673       $        58,659   

Provision for recourse liability

     21,793         16,153   

Net charge-offs / terminations

     (32,003)         (23,139)   

 

 

Balance as of end of period

   $ 41,463       $ 51,673   

 

 

The provision for credit recourse liability increased $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, when compared to 2012. The increase in the provision was mainly driven by higher net-charge-offs.

The estimated losses to be absorbed under the credit recourse arrangements are recorded as a liability when the loans are sold and are updated by accruing or reversing expense (categorized in the line item “adjustments (expense) to indemnity reserves on loans sold” in the consolidated statements of operations) throughout the life of the loan, as necessary, when additional relevant information becomes available. The methodology used to estimate the recourse liability is a function of the recourse arrangements given and considers a variety of factors, which include actual defaults and historical loss experience, foreclosure rate, estimated future defaults and the probability that a loan would be delinquent. Statistical methods are used to estimate the recourse liability. Expected loss rates are applied to different loan segmentations. The expected loss, which represents the amount expected to be lost on a given loan, considers the probability of default and loss severity. The probability of default represents the probability that a

 

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loan in good standing would become 90 days delinquent within the following twelve-month period. Regression analysis quantifies the relationship between the default event and loan-specific characteristics, including credit scores, loan-to-value ratios and loan aging, among others.

When the Corporation sells or securitizes mortgage loans, it generally makes customary representations and warranties regarding the characteristics of the loans sold. The Corporation’s mortgage operations in the Puerto Rico group conforming mortgage loans into pools which are exchanged for FNMA and GNMA mortgage-backed securities, which are generally sold to private investors, or are sold directly to FNMA or other private investors for cash. As required under the government agency programs, quality review procedures are performed by the Corporation to ensure that asset guideline qualifications are met. To the extent the loans do not meet specified characteristics, the Corporation may be required to repurchase such loans or indemnify for losses and bear any subsequent loss related to the loans. Repurchases under representation and warranty arrangements in which the Corporation’s Puerto Rico banking subsidiaries were obligated to repurchase the loans amounted to $4.7 million in unpaid principal balance with losses amounting to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 ($3.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012). A substantial amount of these loans reinstate to performing status or have mortgage insurance, and thus the ultimate losses on the loans are not deemed significant.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2013, the Corporation established a reserve for certain specific representation and warranties made in connection with BPPR’s sale of non-performing mortgage loans. The purchaser’s sole remedy under the indemnity clause is to seek monetary damages from BPPR, for a maximum of $16.3 million. BPPR recognized a reserve of approximately $3.0 million, representing its best estimate of the loss that would be incurred in connection with this indemnification. BPPR’s obligations under this clause end one year after the closing except to any claim asserted prior to such termination date.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2013, the Corporation established a reserve for certain specific representation and warranties made in connection with BPPR’s sale of commercial and construction loans, and commercial and single family real estate owned. The purchaser’s sole remedy under the indemnity clause is to seek monetary damages from BPPR, for a maximum of $18.0 million. BPPR is not required to repurchase any of the assets. BPPR recognized a reserve of approximately $10.7 million, representing its best estimate of the loss that would be incurred in connection with this indemnification. BPPR’s obligations under this clause end one year after the closing except to any claim asserted prior to such termination date.

Also, during the quarter ended June 30, 2011, the Corporation’s banking subsidiary, BPPR, reached an agreement (the “June 2011 agreement”) with the FDIC, as receiver for a local Puerto Rico institution, and the financial institution with respect to a loan servicing portfolio that BPPR services since 2008, related to FHLMC and GNMA pools. The loans were originated and sold by the financial institution and the servicing rights were transferred to BPPR in 2008. As part of the 2008 servicing agreement, the financial institution was required to repurchase from BPPR any loans that BPPR, as servicer, was required to repurchase from the investors under representation and warranty obligations. As part of the June 2011 agreement, the Corporation received cash to discharge the financial institution from any repurchase obligation and other claims over the related serviced portfolio, for which the Corporation recorded a representation and warranty reserve. At December 31, 2013, this reserve amounted to $ 6.2 million and the related portfolio amounted approximately to $2.4 billion (December 31, 2012 - $ 7.6 million and $2.9 billion, respectively).

Servicing agreements relating to the mortgage-backed securities programs of FNMA and GNMA, and to mortgage loans sold or serviced to certain other investors, including FHLMC, require the Corporation to advance funds to make scheduled payments of principal, interest, taxes and insurance, if such payments have not been received from the borrowers. At December 31, 2013, the Corporation serviced $16.3 billion in mortgage loans for third-parties, including the loans serviced with credit recourse, compared with $16.7 billion at December 31, 2012. The Corporation generally recovers funds advanced pursuant to these arrangements from the mortgage owner, from liquidation proceeds when the mortgage loan is foreclosed or, in the case of FHA/VA loans, under the applicable FHA and VA insurance and guarantees programs. However, in the meantime, the Corporation must absorb the cost of the funds it advances during the time the advance is outstanding. The Corporation must also bear the costs of attempting to collect on delinquent and defaulted mortgage loans. In addition, if a defaulted loan is not cured, the mortgage loan would be canceled as part of the foreclosure proceedings and the Corporation would not receive any future servicing income with respect to that loan. At December 31, 2013, the outstanding balance of funds advanced by the Corporation under such mortgage loan servicing agreements was approximately $29 million, compared with $19 million at December 31, 2012. To the extent the mortgage loans underlying the Corporation’s servicing portfolio experience increased delinquencies, the Corporation would be required to dedicate additional cash resources to comply with its obligation to advance funds as well as incur additional administrative costs related to increases in collection efforts.

At December 31, 2013, the Corporation has reserves for customary representations and warranties related to loans sold by its U.S. subsidiary E-LOAN prior to 2009. Loans had been sold to investors on a servicing released basis subject to certain representations

 

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and warranties. Although the risk of loss or default was generally assumed by the investors, the Corporation made certain representations relating to borrower creditworthiness, loan documentation and collateral, which if not correct, may result in requiring the Corporation to repurchase the loans or indemnify investors for any related losses associated to these loans. At December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Corporation’s reserve for estimated losses from such representation and warranty arrangements amounted to $ 7 million and $ 8 million, respectively. E-LOAN is no longer originating and selling loans since the subsidiary ceased these activities in 2008.

On a quarterly basis, the Corporation reassesses its estimate for expected losses associated to E-LOAN’s customary representation and warranty arrangements. The analysis incorporates expectations on future disbursements based on quarterly repurchases and make-whole events. The analysis also considers factors such as the average length of time between the loan’s funding date and the loan repurchase date, as observed in the historical loan data. The liability is estimated as follows: (1) three year average of disbursement amounts (two year historical and one year projected) are used to calculate an average quarterly amount; (2) the quarterly average is annualized and multiplied by the repurchase distance, which currently averages approximately three years, to determine a liability amount; and (3) the calculated reserve is compared to current claims and disbursements to evaluate adequacy. The Corporation’s success rate in clearing the claims in full or negotiating lesser payouts has been fairly consistent. On average, the Corporation avoided paying on 52% of claimed amounts during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2013 (40% during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2012). On the remaining 48% of claimed amounts, the Corporation either repurchased the balance in full or negotiated settlements. For the accounts where the Corporation settled, it averaged paying 57% of claimed amounts during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2013 (49% during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2012). In total, during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2013, the Corporation paid an average of 29% of claimed amounts (24-month period ended December 31, 2012 – 33%).

E-LOAN’s outstanding unresolved claims related to representation and warranty obligations from mortgage loan sales prior to 2009 at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are presented in the table below.

Table 28 - E-LOAN’s Outstanding Unresolved Claims from Mortgage Loan Sales

 

(In thousands)    2013           2012   

 

 

By Counterparty

        

 

 

GSEs

   $ -         $ 1,270   

Whole loan and private-label securitization investors

     535           533   

 

 

Total outstanding claims by counterparty

   $ 535         $ 1,803   

 

 
        

 

 

By Product Type

        

 

 

1st lien (Prime loans)

   $ 535         $ 1,803   

 

 

Total outstanding claims by product type

   $         535         $       1,803   

 

 

The outstanding claims balance from private-label investors is comprised by one counterparty at December 31, 2013 and two counterparties at December 31, 2012.

In the case of E-LOAN, the Corporation indemnifies the lender, repurchases the loan, or settles the claim, generally for less than the full amount. Each repurchase case is different and each lender / servicer has different requirements. The large majority of the loans repurchased have been greater than 90 days past due at the time of repurchase and are included in the Corporation’s non-performing loans. During the year ended December 31, 2013, charge-offs recorded by E-LOAN against this representation and warranty reserve associated with loan repurchases, indemnification or make-whole events and settlement / closure of certain agreements with counterparties to reduce the exposure to future claims were minimal. Make-whole events are typically defaulted cases in which the investor attempts to recover by collateral or guarantees, and the seller is obligated to cover any impaired or unrecovered portion of the loan. Historically, claims have been predominantly for first mortgage agency loans and principally consist of underwriting errors related to undisclosed debt or missing documentation. The table that follows presents the changes in the Corporation’s liability for estimated losses associated with customary representations and warranties related to loans sold by E-LOAN, included in the consolidated statement of condition for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

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Table 29 - Changes in Liability for Estimated Losses Related to Loans Sold by E-LOAN

 

(In thousands)    2013       2012   

 

 

Balance as of beginning of period

   $ 7,740       $ 10,625   

Provision for (reversal of) representation and warranties

     267         (1,836)   

Net charge-offs / terminations

     (1,431)         (1,049)   

 

 

Balance as of end of period

   $                 6,576       $                 7,740   

 

 

Popular, Inc. Holding Company (“PIHC”) fully and unconditionally guarantees certain borrowing obligations issued by certain of its wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries amounting to $ 0.2 billion at December 31, 2013 (December 31, 2012 - $ 0.5 billion). In addition, at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, PIHC fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a subordinated basis $ 1.4 billion of capital securities (trust preferred securities) issued by wholly-owned issuing trust entities to the extent set forth in the applicable guarantee agreement. Refer to Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on the trust preferred securities.

The Corporation is a defendant in a number of legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business as described in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Managing risk is an essential component of the Corporation’s business. Risk identification and monitoring are key elements in overall risk management. The following principal risks, which have been incorporated into the Corporation’s risk management program, include:

 

    Credit Risk – Potential for default or loss resulting from an obligor’s failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, or failure otherwise to perform as agreed. Credit risk arises from all activities where success depends on counterparty, issuer, or borrower performance.

 

    Interest Rate Risk (“IRR”) – Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from differences between the timing of rate changes and the timing of cash flows (repricing risk); from changing rate relationships among different yield curves affecting bank lending and borrowing activities (basis risk); from changing rate relationships across the spectrum of maturities (yield curve risk); and from interest related options embedded in bank products (options risk).

 

    Market Risk – Potential for loss resulting from changes in market prices of the assets or liabilities in the Corporation’s or in any of its subsidiaries’ portfolios. Market prices may change as a result of changes in rates, credit and liquidity for the product or general economic conditions.

 

    Liquidity Risk – Potential for loss resulting from the Corporation or its subsidiaries not being able to meet their financial obligations when they come due. This could be a result of market conditions, the ability of the Corporation to liquidate assets or manage or diversify various funding sources. This risk also encompasses the possibility that an instrument cannot be closed out or sold at its economic value, which might be a result of stress in the market or in a specific security type given its credit, volume and maturity.

 

    Operational Risk – This risk is the possibility that inadequate or failed systems and internal controls or procedures, human error, fraud or external influences such as disasters, can cause losses.

 

    Compliance Risk and Legal Risk – Potential for loss resulting from violations of or non-conformance with laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, existing contracts or ethical standards.

 

    Strategic Risk – Potential for loss arising from adverse business decisions or improper implementation of business decisions. Also, it incorporates how management analyzes external factors that impact the strategic direction of the Corporation.

 

    Reputational Risk – Potential for loss arising from negative public opinion.

 

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The Corporation’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) has established a Risk Management Committee (“RMC”) to undertake the responsibilities of overseeing and approving the Corporation’s Risk Management Program, as well as the Corporation’s Capital Plan. The Capital Plan is a plan to maintain sufficient regulatory capital at the Corporation, BPPR and BPNA, which considers current and future regulatory capital requirements, expected future profitability and credit trends and, at least, two macroeconomic scenarios, including a base and stress scenario.

The RMC, as an oversight body, monitors and approves the overall business strategies, and corporate policies to identify, measure, monitor and control risks while maintaining the effectiveness and efficiency of the business and operational processes. As an approval body for the Corporation, the RMC reviews and approves relevant risk management policies and critical processes. Also, it periodically reports to the Board about its activities.

The Board and RMC have delegated to the Corporation’s management the implementation of the risk management processes. This implementation is split into two separate but coordinated efforts that include (i) business and / or operational units who identify, manage and control the risks resulting from their activities, and (ii) a Risk Management Group (“RMG”). In general, the RMG is mandated with responsibilities such as assessing and reporting to the Corporation’s management and RMC the risk positions of the Corporation; developing and implementing mechanisms, policies and procedures to identify, measure and monitor risks; implementing measurement mechanisms and infrastructure to achieve effective risk monitoring; developing and implementing the necessary management information and reporting mechanisms; and monitoring and testing the adequacy of the Corporation’s policies, strategies and guidelines.

The RMG is responsible for the overall coordination of risk management efforts throughout the Corporation and is composed of three reporting divisions: (i) Credit Risk Management, (ii) Compliance Management, and (iii) Financial and Operational Risk Management. The latter includes an Enterprise Risk Management function that facilitates, among other aspects, the identification, coordination, and management of multiple and cross-enterprise risks.

Additionally, the Internal Auditing Division provides an independent assessment of the Corporation’s internal control structure and related systems and processes.

Moreover, management oversight of the Corporation’s risk-taking and risk management activities is conducted through management committees:

 

    CRESCO (Credit Strategy Committee) – Manages the Corporation’s overall credit exposure and approves credit policies, standards and guidelines that define, quantify, and monitor credit risk. Through this committee, management reviews asset quality ratios, trends and forecasts, problem loans, establishes the provision for loan losses and assesses the methodology and adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis.

 

    ALCO (Asset / Liability Management Committee) – Oversees and approves the policies and processes designed to ensure sound market risk and balance sheet strategies, including the interest rate, liquidity, investment and trading policies. The ALCO monitors the capital position and plan for the Corporation and approves all capital management strategies, including capital market transactions and capital distributions. The ALCO also monitors forecasted results and their impact on capital, liquidity, and net interest margin of the Corporation.

 

    ORCO (Operational Risk Committee) – Monitors operational risk management activities to ensure the development and consistent application of operational risk policies, processes and procedures that measure, limit and manage the Corporation’s operational risks while maintaining the effectiveness and efficiency of the operating and businesses’ processes.

Market / Interest Rate Risk

The financial results and capital levels of the Corporation are constantly exposed to market, interest rate and liquidity risks. The ALCO and the Corporate Finance Group are responsible for planning and executing the Corporation’s market, interest rate risk, funding activities and strategy, and for implementing the policies and procedures approved by the RMC and the ALCO. In addition, the Financial and Operational Risk Management Division is responsible for the independent monitoring and reporting of adherence with established policies, and enhancing and strengthening controls surrounding interest, liquidity and market risk. The ALCO generally meets on a weekly basis and reviews the Corporation’s current and forecasted asset and liability levels as well as desired pricing strategies and other relevant financial management and interest rate and risk topics. Also, on a monthly basis the ALCO reviews various interest rate risk sensitivity metrics, ratios

 

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and portfolio information, including but not limited to, the Corporation’s liquidity positions, projected sources and uses of funds, interest rate risk positions and economic conditions.

Market risk refers to the risk of a reduction in the Corporation’s capital due to changes in the market valuation of its assets and/or liabilities.

Most of the assets subject to market valuation risk are securities in the investment portfolio classified available for sale. Refer to Notes 7 and 8 for further information on the investment portfolio. Investment securities classified as available for sale amounted to $5.3 billion as of December 31, 2013. Other assets subject to market risk include loans held-for-sale, which amounted to $110 million, the mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) which amounted to $161 million and securities classified as “trading” which amounted to $340 million, as of December 31, 2013.

Liabilities subject to market risk include the FDIC clawback obligation, which amounted to $128 million at December 31, 2013.

The Corporation’s market risk is independently measured and reported by the Financial and Operational Risk Management Division and is reviewed by the Risk Management Committee of the Board.

Management believes that market risk is not a material source of risk at the Corporation. A significant portion of the Corporation’s financial activities is concentrated in Puerto Rico, which has been going through a challenging economic cycle. Refer to the Geographic and Government Risk section of this MD&A for some highlights on the current status of the Puerto Rico economy.

 

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Interest Rate Risk

The Corporation’s net interest income is subject to various categories of interest rate risk, including repricing, basis, yield curve and option risks. In managing interest rate risk, management may alter the mix of floating and fixed rate assets and liabilities, change pricing schedules, adjust maturities through sales and purchases of investment securities, and enter into derivative contracts, among other alternatives.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate rate risk position given line of business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations and policy constraints.

Management utilizes various tools to assess IRR, including simulation modeling, static gap analysis, and Economic Value of Equity (EVE). The three methodologies complement each other and are used jointly in the evaluation of the Corporation’s IRR. Simulation modeling is prepared for a five year period, which in conjunction with the EVE analysis, provides Management a better view of long term IRR.

Net interest income simulation analysis performed by legal entity and on a consolidated basis is a tool used by the Corporation in estimating the potential change in net interest income resulting from hypothetical changes in interest rates. Sensitivity analysis is calculated using a simulation model which incorporates actual balance sheet figures detailed by maturity and interest yields or costs. It also incorporates assumptions on balance sheet growth and expected changes in its composition, estimated prepayments in accordance with projected interest rates, pricing and maturity expectations on new volumes and other non-interest related data. It is a dynamic process, emphasizing future performance under diverse economic conditions.

Management assesses interest rate risk by comparing various net interest income simulations under different interest rate scenarios that differ in direction of interest rate changes, the degree of change over time, the speed of change and the projected shape of the yield curve. For example, the types of rate scenarios processed during the year included economic most likely scenarios, flat rates, yield curve twists, + 200 and + 400 basis points parallel ramps and + 200 and + 400 basis points parallel shocks. Given the fact that at December 31, 2013, some market interest rates were close to zero, management has focused on measuring the risk on net interest income in rising rate scenarios. Management also performs analyses to isolate and measure basis and prepayment risk exposures.

The asset and liability management group performs validation procedures on various assumptions used as part of the sensitivity analysis as well as validations of results on a monthly basis. In addition, the model and processes used to assess IRR are subject to third-party validations according to the guidelines established in the Model Governance and Validation policy. Due to the importance of critical assumptions in measuring market risk, the risk models incorporate third-party developed data for critical assumptions such as prepayment speeds on mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, estimates on the duration of the Corporation’s deposits and interest rate scenarios. These interest rate simulations exclude the impact on loans accounted pursuant to ASC Subtopic 310-30, whose yields are based on management’s current expectation of future cash flows.

The Corporation processes net interest income simulations under interest rate scenarios in which the yield curve is assumed to rise and decline gradually by the same amount. The rising rate scenarios considered in these market risk simulations reflect gradual parallel changes of 200 and 400 basis points during the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2013. Under a 200 basis points rising rate scenario, 2014 projected net interest income increases by $33 million, while under a 400 basis points rising rate scenario, 2013 projected net interest income increases by $54 million. These scenarios were compared against the Corporation’s flat or unchanged interest rates forecast scenario. Simulation analyses are based on many assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, interest rate spreads, loan prepayments and deposit decay. Thus, they should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. Further, the estimates do not contemplate actions that management could take to respond to changes in interest rates. By their nature, these forward-looking computations are only estimates and may be different from what may actually occur in the future.

 

62


Static gap analysis measures the volume of assets and liabilities maturing or repricing at a future point in time. Static gap reports stratify all of the Corporation’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions according to the instrument’s maturity, repricing characteristics and optionality, assuming no new business. The repricing volumes typically include adjustments for anticipated future asset prepayments and for differences in sensitivity to market rates. The volume of assets and liabilities repricing during future periods, particularly within one year, is used as one short-term indicator of IRR. Depending on the duration and repricing characteristics, changes in interest rates could either increase or decrease the level of net interest income. For any given period, the pricing structure of the assets and liabilities is generally matched when an equal amount of such assets and liabilities mature or reprice in that period. Any mismatch of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities is known as a gap position. A positive gap denotes asset sensitivity, which means that an increase in interest rates could have a positive effect on net interest income, while a decrease in interest rates could have a negative effect on net interest income. As shown in Table 30, at December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s one-year cumulative positive gap was $3.7 billion, or 11.8% of total earning assets. This compares with $2.7 billion or 8.6%, respectively, at December 31, 2012. The change in the one-year cumulative gap position was influenced by a lower level of short-term borrowings that resulted mainly from cash inflows and lower volume of assets and higher level of capital from operations. These static measurements do not reflect the results of any projected activity and are best used as early indicators of potential interest rate exposures. They do not incorporate possible actions that could be taken to manage the Corporation’s IRR, nor do they capture the basis risks that might be included within the cumulative gap, given possible changes in the spreads between asset rates and the rates used to fund them.

Table 30 - Interest Rate Sensitivity

 

    At December 31, 2013  

 

 
    By repricing dates  

 

 
(Dollars in thousands)   0-30 days    

Within 31 -

90 days

   

After three

months but

within six

months

   

After six

months but

within nine

months

   

After nine

months but

within one

year

   

After one

year but

within two

years

   

After two

years

   

Non-interest

bearing

funds

    Total  

 

 

Assets:

                 

Money market investments

  $ 843,945   $      14,408   $      -   $      100   $      -   $      -   $      -   $      -   $     858,453   

Investment and trading securities

    185,488       571,744       720,312       283,835       253,313       918,450   $      3,023,649       -       5,956,791   

Loans

    7,751,843       933,747       908,310       817,945       820,646       2,605,583       10,868,645       -       24,706,719