FAIR VALUES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUES

FAIR VALUES

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Available for Sale Securities:  The fair values of securities available for sale are usually determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs), or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3 inputs).

Equity Investments: Securities that are held to fund a non-qualified deferred compensation plan and securities that have a readily determinable fair market value, are recorded with changes in fair value included in earnings. The fair value of equity investments is determined by quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs).

Collateral-Dependent Loans: Individually analyzed loans which receive a specific allocation as part of the allowance for credit losses or have been partially charged-off and are considered collateral-dependent are carried at fair value. For collateral-dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, typically resulting in the utilization of Level 3 inputs. These loans are analyzed on a quarterly basis for additional credit loss and adjusted accordingly.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosures are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Subsequent declines in fair value are recorded through the establishment of a valuation allowance, which may be reversed should fair value increase after the establishment of the valuation allowance.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent individually analyzed loans and OREO are performed by certified general appraisers (commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Corporation. Once received, appraisals are reviewed for reasonableness of assumptions, approaches utilized, Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and other regulatory compliance, as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Appraisals are generally completed within the 12 month period prior to a property being placed into OREO and updated appraisals are typically completed for collateral-dependent loans when management determines analysis on an individual basis is required. For individually analyzed loans, appraisal values are adjusted based on the age of the appraisal, the position of the lien, the type of the property, and its condition.

Derivatives: The fair value of interest rate swaps is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2 inputs). Derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair value of derivatives is determined using quantitative models utilizing multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The Corporation also incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counter-party's nonperformance risk in fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Corporation has considered the impact of any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings. Although the Corporation has determined the majority of inputs used to value its derivatives are considered Level 2 inputs, credit valuation adjustments are based on credit default rate assumptions, which are considered Level 3 inputs. As of December 31, 2025, the Corporation evaluated the effect of credit valuation adjustments on the fair value of its derivative positions, and determined their impact was not significant; accordingly, the Corporation classifies the entirety of its derivative valuations within Level 2 of the hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2025 Using
Financial Assets:	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	$	250,375	$	—	$	250,375	$	—
Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,931		—		2,931		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	10,310		—		10,310		—
Corporate bonds and notes	16,982		—		12,620		4,362
Total available for sale securities	$	280,598	$	—	$	276,236	$	4,362
Equity Investments	$	3,288	$	3,288	$	—	$	—
Derivative assets	17,280		—		17,280		—
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	17,412	$	—	$	17,412	$	—

			Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2024 Using
Financial Assets:	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. treasury notes and bonds	$	56,906	$	56,906	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	365,934		—		365,934		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	35,505		—		35,505		—
Corporate bonds and notes	22,016		—		9,884		12,132
SBA loan pools	51,081		—		51,081		—
Total available for sale securities	$	531,442	$	56,906	$	462,404	$	12,132
Equity investments	$	2,759	$	2,759	$	—	$	—
Derivative assets	23,829		—		23,829		—
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	23,851	$	—	$	23,851	$	—

The Corporation transfers assets and liabilities between levels within the hierarchy when methodologies to obtain fair value change such that there are either more or fewer unobservable inputs as of the end of the indicated reporting period. The Corporation utilizes a "beginning of reporting period" timing assumption when recognizing transfers between hierarchy levels, consistent with ASC 820-10-50-2.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Corporation transferred its investment in seven corporate subordinated debt issuances into Level 3 from Level 2, with a total fair value of $9.6 million as of the transfer date, due to the lack of available observable market data for the issuances or issuances of similar size and structure. Each of these transfers occurred during the three‑month period ended March 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Corporation transferred its investment in 13 corporate subordinated debt issuances out of Level 3 and into Level 2, with a total fair value of $16.0 million as of the transfer date, including each of the seven issuances that were transferred into Level 3 earlier in the year, each occuring during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The transfers out of Level 3 were primarily due to improved availability of observable market data for the issuances or issuances of similar size and structure, attributable to increased issuance activity for subordinated debt and an improvement in general market liquidity.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Corporation transferred its investment in six corporate subordinated debt issuances into Level 3 from Level 2, with a total fair value of $5.9 million as of the transfer date, due to the lack of available observable market data for the specific issuances, all of which were transferred during the three months ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Corporation transferred its investment in one corporate subordinated debt issuance out of Level 3 and into Level 2, with a fair value of $1.9 million as of the transfer date, based on the availability of observable market data for the issuance, which was transferred during the three months ended June 30, 2024. This issuance was subsequently transferred back into Level 3 during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

The tables below present a reconciliation of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) and qualitative information regarding Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Level 3 Financial Assets - Corporate Bonds	2025		2024
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets as of January 1	$	12,132	$	7,530
Total gains and losses for the period:
Included in other comprehensive income	1,631		420
Repayments, calls, and maturities	(3,000)		—
Transfers into Level 3	9,629		5,931
Transfers out of Level 3	(16,030)		(1,749)
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets as of December 31	$	4,362	$	12,132

December 31, 2025	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Input	Range [Weighted Average] as of December 31, 2025
Corporate bonds and notes	$	4,362	Discounted cash flow	Market discount rate	10.00% -10.00% [10.00%]

December 31, 2024	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range [Weighted Average] as of December 31, 2024
Corporate bonds and notes	$	12,132	Discounted cash flow	Market discount rate	7.25% - 12.00% [10.82%]

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized below (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2025 Using
Financial Assets:	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial mortgages:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	$	945	$	—	$	—	$	945
Total collateral-dependent loans	$	945	$	—	$	—	$	945

			Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2024 Using
Financial Assets:	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	11
Commercial mortgages:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	873		—		—		873
Total collateral-dependent loans	$	884	$	—	$	—	$	884
Other real estate owned:
Residential mortgages	$	126	$	—	$	—	$	126
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines and loans	285		—		—		285
Total other real estate owned, net	$	411	$	—	$	—	$	411

The fair value of other real estate owned is presented net of a $32 thousand valuation allowance as of December 31, 2024.

The following tables present quantitative information regarding Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Description	Fair Value as of December 31, 2025		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range [Weighted Average] at December 31, 2025
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial mortgages:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	$	945	Income approach	Adjustment to appraised value	10.00% - 10.00% [10.00%]
Total collateral-dependent loans	$	945

Description	Fair Value as of December 31, 2024		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range [Weighted Average] at December 31, 2024
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	11	Net present value	Discount rate	41.29% - 41.29% [41.29%]
Commercial mortgages:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	873		Income approach	Adjustment to appraised value	16.86% - 16.86% [16.86%]
Total collateral-dependent loans	$	884
Other real estate owned:
Residential mortgages	$	126	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value	20.80% - 20.80% [20.80%]
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines and loans	285		Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value	20.80% - 20.80% [20.80%]
Total other real estate owned, net	$	411

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of other financial instruments, as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2025 Using
Financial assets:	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Estimated Fair Value 1
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	22,772	$	22,772	$	—	$	—	$	22,772
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	27,325		27,325		—		—		27,325
Equity investments	3,765		3,765		—		—		3,765
Securities available for sale	280,598		—		276,236		4,362		280,598
Securities held to maturity	640		—		—		640		640
FHLBNY and FRBNY stock	9,466		—		—		—		N/A
Loans, net and loans held for sale	2,271,663		—		—		2,209,059		2,209,059
Derivative assets	17,280		—		17,280		—		17,280
Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, savings, and insured money market deposits	$	1,807,058	$	1,807,058	$	—	$	—	$	1,807,058
Time deposits	463,616		—		464,144		—		464,144
FHLBNY overnight advances	87,110		—		87,126		—		87,126
Subordinated debt, net of issuance costs	44,028		—		46,350		—		46,350
Derivative liabilities	17,412		—		17,412		—		17,412

1 Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

			Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024 Using
Financial Assets:	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Estimated Fair Value 1
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	26,224	$	26,224	$	—	$	—	$	26,224
Interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions	20,811		20,811		—		—		20,811
Equity investments	3,235		3,235		—		—		3,235
Securities available for sale	531,442		56,906		462,404		12,132		531,442
Securities held to maturity	808		—		—		808		808
FHLBNY and FRBNY stock	9,117		—		—		—		N/A
Loans, net and loans held for sale	2,071,419		—		—		1,981,851		1,981,851
Derivative assets	23,829		—		23,829		—		23,829
Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, savings, and insured money market deposits	$	1,772,971	$	1,772,971	$	—	$	—	$	1,772,971
Time deposits	623,912		—		622,920		—		622,920
FHLBNY overnight advances	109,110		—		109,083		—		109,083
Derivative liabilities	23,851		—		23,851		—		23,851

1 Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.