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LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Credit Loss [Abstract]  
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The composition of the loan portfolio, net of deferred origination fees and costs, is summarized as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial$279,414 $264,140 
Agricultural221 256 
Commercial mortgages:
Construction141,604 138,887 
Commercial mortgages, other1,004,198 984,038 
Residential mortgages277,246 277,992 
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines and loans87,608 87,056 
Indirect consumer loans204,081 210,423 
Direct consumer loans9,238 9,872 
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs2,003,610 1,972,664 
Allowance for credit losses(20,471)(22,517)
Loans, net$1,983,139 $1,950,147 

The Corporation's concentrations of credit risk by loan type are reflected in the preceding table. The concentrations of credit risk with standby letters of credit, committed lines of credit and commitments to originate new loans generally follow the loan classifications in the table above.

Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $8.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2023. Accrued interest receivable on loans is included in the Accrued interest receivable and other assets line item on the Corporation's Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is excluded from the amortized cost basis of loans and estimate of the allowance for credit losses, as presented in this Note.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit lossesCommercial and AgriculturalCommercial MortgagesResidential MortgagesConsumer LoansTotal
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024$5,055 $12,026 $2,194 $3,242 $22,517 
Charge-offs— — (16)(351)(367)
Recoveries37 22 125 185 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)37 (226)(182)
Provision (credit) (1)
(576)(1,660)(138)510 (1,864)
Ending balance, March 31, 2024$4,516 $10,367 $2,062 $3,526 $20,471 
(1)Additional provision related to off-balance sheet exposure was a credit of $176 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The Corporation performs an annual update to the loss drivers used in modeling its estimate of the allowance for credit losses. Annual updates for the model in 2024 were completed during the three month period ended March 31, 2024.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit lossesCommercial and AgriculturalCommercial MortgagesResidential MortgagesConsumer LoansTotal
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023$3,373 $11,576 $1,845 $2,865 $19,659 
Cumulative effect adjustment for the adoption of ASC 326909 (695)(16)176 374 
Beginning balance after cumulative effect adjustment4,282 10,881 1,829 3,041 20,033 
Charge-offs(190)— — (193)(383)
Recoveries— — 108 114 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)(184)— — (85)(269)
Provision (credit) (1)
(45)102 63 191 311 
Ending balance, March 31, 2023$4,053 $10,983 $1,892 $3,147 $20,075 
(1)Additional provision related to off-balance sheet exposure was a credit of $34 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023.


Unfunded Commitments
The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability, and included in the Accrued interest payable and other liabilities line item on the Corporation's Consolidated Balance Sheets, with adjustments to the allowance recognized in the Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Corporation established an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments in conjunction with its adoption of ASC 326-Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Beginning balance $919 $— 
Impact of ASC 326 adoption— 1,082 
Provision (credit) for credit losses on unfunded commitments (176)(34)
Ending balance $743 $1,048 

The following table presents the provision for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended
Provision (credit) for credit lossesMarch 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans $(1,864)$311 
Provision (credit) for credit losses on unfunded commitments (176)(34)
Total provision (credit) for credit losses$(2,040)$277 
The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

 March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit lossesCommercial andCommercialResidentialConsumer
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:AgriculturalMortgagesMortgagesLoansTotal
Individually analyzed$1,663 $24 $— $— $1,687 
Collectively analyzed2,853 10,343 2,062 3,526 18,784 
   Total ending allowance balance$4,516 $10,367 $2,062 $3,526 $20,471 

 December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit lossesCommercial and CommercialResidential Consumer
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:AgriculturalMortgagesMortgagesLoansTotal
Individually analyzed$1,928 $27 $— $— $1,955 
Collectively analyzed3,127 11,999 2,194 3,242 20,562 
Total ending allowance balance$5,055 $12,026 $2,194 $3,242 $22,517 


The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by portfolio segment, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

 March 31, 2024
Amortized cost basis of loans:Commercial and AgriculturalCommercial MortgagesResidential MortgagesConsumer LoansTotal
Individually analyzed $1,746 $3,965 $— $— $5,711 
Collectively analyzed277,889 1,141,837 277,246 300,927 1,997,899 
   Total ending loans balance$279,635 $1,145,802 $277,246 $300,927 $2,003,610 


 December 31, 2023
Amortized cost basis of loans:Commercial and AgriculturalCommercial MortgagesResidential MortgagesConsumer LoansTotal
Individually analyzed$2,067 $5,968 $— $— $8,035 
Collectively analyzed262,329 1,116,957 277,992 307,351 1,964,629 
Total ending loans balance$264,396 $1,122,925 $277,992 $307,351 $1,972,664 


Modifications to Loans Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Effective January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326)-Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The Corporation may occasionally make modifications to loans where the borrower is considered to be experiencing financial difficulty. Types of modifications considered under ASU 2022-02 include principal reductions, interest rate reductions, term extensions, significant payment delays, or a combination thereof.

There were no loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as considered under the requirements of ASU 2022-02, made during the three month period ended March 31, 2024.
The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of loans modified during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Loans modified under ASU 2022-02:Principal ReductionInterest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayCombinationTotal
(%) of Loan Class (1)
Commercial mortgages:
Commercial mortgages, other$— $— $277 $— $— $277 0.03 %
(1) Represents the amortized cost basis of loans modified during the period as a percentage of the period-end loan balances by class.

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Effect of loan modifications under ASU 2022-02:Principal Reduction
(in thousands)
Weighted-average interest rate reduction (%)Weighted-average term extension
(in months)
Weighted-average payment delay
(in months)
Commercial mortgages:
Commercial mortgages, other$——%60 months0

The Corporation had no outstanding commitments to lend additional amounts to borrowers for which modifications subject to ASU 2022-02 were made during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year-ended December 31, 2023.

During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, the Corporation had one loan, a commercial and industrial loan which was given a six month term extension during the three month period ended September 30, 2023, which experienced a payment default within twelve months of modification. There were no loans that defaulted during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 for which modifications were made subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023.

The Corporation monitors the performance of loans that have previously been modified under the guidance of ASU 2022-02 in order to gauge the effectiveness of modifications, and to determine the degree to which borrowers continue to demonstrate financial weakness following modification. The following tables present the performance of such loans that have been modified in the twelve month period preceding March 31, 2024 and the three month period preceding March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Twelve Months Ended March 31, 2024
Past Due Status of Modifications under ASU 2022-02:30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past DueGreater Than 89 Days Past DueLoans Not Past Due Total
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial$— $— $675 $129 $804 
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines and loans— — — 116 116 
Total$— $— $675 $245 $920 

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, a commercial mortgage that was was granted a payment delay during the three months ended June 30, 2023 executed an early payoff. The amortized basis of the loan prior to the payoff was $1.9 million.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (1)
Past Due Status of Modifications under ASU 2022-02:30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past DueGreater Than 89 Days Past DueLoans Not Past Due Total
Commercial mortgages, other$— $— $— $277 $277 
(1) Represents loans which were modified during the three month period subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023.
Collateral Dependent Individually Analyzed Loans
As of March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed loans totaled $5.7 million, of which $4.2 million were considered collateral dependent. As of December 31, 2023 the amortized basis of individually analyzed loans totaled $8.0 million, of which $6.3 million were considered collateral dependent. For collateral dependent loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is likely to be substantially provided through the sale or operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date.
Certain assets held as collateral may be exposed to future deterioration in fair value, particularly due to changes in real estate markets or usage. The Corporation closely monitors trends in real estate values throughout its market area to determine whether collateral values, after appropriate discounting, are likely to be sufficient to extinguish existing borrower indebtedness.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis and related allowance for credit loss of individually analyzed loans considered to be collateral dependent as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost BasisRelated AllowanceAmortized Cost BasisRelated Allowance
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial (3)
$282 $200 $353 $214 
Agricultural (3)
26 26 
Commercial mortgages:
Construction (1)
2,207 — 2,209 — 
Commercial mortgages, other (1) (2) (3)
1,757 24 3,759 27 
Total$4,248 $225 $6,347 $267 
(1) Secured by commercial real estate
(2) Secured by residential real estate
(3) Secured by business assets

The following tables present the average amortized cost basis and interest income recognized on loans individually analyzed, by class of loans, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2024
Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2023
With no related allowance recorded:Average Amortized Cost Basis
Interest Income Recognized (1)
Average Amortized Cost Basis
Interest Income Recognized (1)
Commercial and agricultural:
   Commercial and industrial$49 $$729 $— 
Agricultural— — — — 
Commercial mortgages:
Construction2,208 — — — 
Commercial mortgages, other2,733 — 4,053 
Residential mortgages— — 715 
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines & loans— — 254 — 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial1,844 1,049 
Agricultural14 — — — 
Commercial mortgages:
Commercial mortgages, other25 — 36 — 
Total$6,873 $$6,836 $18 
(1) Cash basis interest income approximates interest income recognized.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis in nonaccrual loans without an associated allocation in the allowance for credit losses, total nonaccrual loans, and loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing, by class of loan as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossesNonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial$23 $76 $1,615 $1,904 $$10 
Agricultural— — 26 — — 
Commercial mortgages:
Construction2,207 2,209 2,207 2,209 — — 
Commercial mortgages, other1,734 3,732 1,758 3,760 — — 
Residential mortgages1,118 1,315 1,118 1,315 — — 
Consumer loans:
Home equity lines and loans496 508 496 508 — — 
Indirect consumer loans631 687 631 687 — — 
Direct consumer loans— — 
Total$6,217 $8,529 $7,835 $10,411 $$10 



The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis of loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
 30 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past DueTotal Past DueLoans Not Past DueTotal
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial$181 $238 $683 $1,102 $278,312 $279,414 
Agricultural— — — — 221 221 
Commercial mortgages: 
Construction— — 2,207 2,207 139,397 141,604 
Commercial mortgages, other1,012 2,238 175 3,425 1,000,773 1,004,198 
Residential mortgages1,529 594 589 2,712 274,534 277,246 
Consumer loans: 
Home equity lines and loans612 100 282 994 86,614 87,608 
Indirect consumer loans1,063 379 379 1,821 202,260 204,081 
Direct consumer loans18 20 44 9,194 9,238 
Total$4,415 $3,569 $4,321 $12,305 $1,991,305 $2,003,610 
December 31, 2023
 30 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past DueTotal Past DueLoans Not Past DueTotal
Commercial and agricultural:
Commercial and industrial$1,196 $31 $10 $1,237 $262,903 $264,140 
Agricultural— — — — 256 256 
Commercial mortgages: 
Construction2,164 — 2,207 4,371 134,516 138,887 
Commercial mortgages, other1,022 103 261 1,386 982,652 984,038 
Residential mortgages2,244 201 585 3,030 274,962 277,992 
Consumer loans: 
Home equity lines and loans461 87 366 914 86,142 87,056 
Indirect consumer loans2,473 501 426 3,400 207,023 210,423 
Direct consumer loans20 — 22 9,850 9,872 
Total$9,562 $943 $3,855 $14,360 $1,958,304 $1,972,664 


Credit Quality Indicators

The Corporation establishes a risk rating at origination for all commercial loans. The primary factors considered in assigning risk ratings include, but are not limited to: historic and future debt service coverage, collateral position, operating performance, liquidity, leverage, payment history, management ability, and the customer’s industry. Commercial relationship managers monitor all loans in their respective portfolios for any changes in the borrower’s ability to service its debt and affirm the risk ratings for the loans at least annually.

For retail loans, which include residential mortgages, indirect and direct consumer loans, and home equity lines and loans, once a loan is properly approved and closed, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based upon loan repayment. Retail loans that have been modified subject to ASU 2022-02, but are otherwise performing, are assigned a risk rating of Special Mention, as defined below. Retail loans are not rated until they become 90 days past due, or are modified under ASU 2022-02.

The Corporation uses the risk rating system to identify criticized and classified loans. Commercial relationships within the criticized and classified risk ratings are analyzed quarterly.  The Corporation uses the following definitions for criticized and classified loans (which are consistent with regulatory guidelines):

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capability of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Commercial loans not meeting the criteria above to be considered criticized or classified, are considered to be pass rated loans. Loans listed as not rated, are included in groups of homogeneous loans performing under terms of the loan notes.
Based on the analyses performed as of March 31, 2024, the risk category of the amortized cost basis of loans by class and vintage, as well as gross charge-offs by class and vintage for the period, were as follows (in thousands):

Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
20242023202220212020Prior
Commercial & industrial
Pass$10,885 $39,011 $34,108 $21,370 $12,349 $39,698 $92,497 $1,643 $251,561 
Special mention— — 9,159 — 4,060 4,586 7,223 453 25,481 
Substandard — 89 221 788 83 205 — 176 1,562 
Doubtful24 — — — — 764 22 — 810 
Total10,909 39,100 43,488 22,158 16,492 45,253 99,742 2,272 279,414 
Gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — 
Agricultural
Pass— — 14 143 — — 62 — 219 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total— 14 143 — — 62 — 221 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Construction
Pass1,076 48,500 77,995 9,686 — 1,658 482 — 139,397 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 2,207 — — 2,207 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total1,076 48,500 77,995 9,686 — 3,865 482 — 141,604 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial mortgages
Pass 13,784 117,235 258,049 171,090 111,407 296,080 5,127 742 973,514 
Special mention— — 2,522 8,092 2,590 8,082 2,001 — 23,287 
Substandard— 2,412 1,081 339 1,012 2,432 97 — 7,373 
Doubtful— — — — — 24 — — 24 
Total13,784 119,647 261,652 179,521 115,009 306,618 7,225 742 1,004,198 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Residential mortgages
Not rated4,014 20,000 57,204 59,311 70,050 65,549 — — 276,128 
Substandard — — 75 342 247 454 — — 1,118 
Total 4,014 20,000 57,279 59,653 70,297 66,003 — — 277,246 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 16 — — 16 
Home equity lines and loans
Not rated3,298 12,904 15,846 5,577 3,009 12,494 32,773 1,095 86,996 
Special mention— — 116 — — — — — 116 
Substandard — — 76 — — 291 86 43 496 
Total3,298 12,904 16,038 5,577 3,009 12,785 32,859 1,138 87,608 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 11 — — 11 
Indirect consumer
Not rated11,861 67,401 90,413 20,411 7,652 5,712 — — 203,450 
Substandard — 139 208 141 49 94 — — 631 
Total11,861 67,540 90,621 20,552 7,701 5,806 — — 204,081 
Gross charge-offs— 104 127 29 24 54 — — 338 
Direct consumer
Not rated700 2,622 2,391 607 174 332 2,401 9,230 
Substandard— — — — — 
Total 700 2,622 2,391 612 176 332 2,402 9,238 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — 
Total loans $45,642 $310,315 $549,478 $297,902 $212,684 $440,662 $142,772 $4,155 $2,003,610 
Total gross charge-offs$— $104 $127 $29 $24 $81 $$— $367 
Based on the analyses performed as of December 31, 2023, the risk category of the amortized cost basis of loans by class and vintage, as well as gross charge-offs by class and vintage for the period, were as follows (in thousands):
Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
20232022202120202019Prior
Commercial & industrial
Pass$41,925 $40,564 $21,742 $13,541 $31,233 $10,523 $77,176 $1,662 $238,366 
Special mention185 4,608 — 4,020 — 4,690 9,137 482 23,122 
Substandard — 24 991 109 23 456 — 161 1,764 
Doubtful— — — — — 790 75 23 888 
Total42,110 45,196 22,733 17,670 31,256 16,459 86,388 2,328 264,140 
Gross charge-offs — — — — 272 — — 281 
Agricultural
Pass— 15 150 — — — 65 — 230 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — 26 26 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total— 15 150 — — — 65 26 256 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Construction
Pass46,951 68,483 19,066 — 28 1,669 481 — 136,678 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — 2,207 — — 2,209 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total46,951 68,483 19,066 — 2,235 1,671 481 — 138,887 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial mortgages
Pass 110,864 260,763 161,858 113,198 57,782 244,211 5,197 767 954,640 
Special mention— 2,533 8,189 2,609 — 8,642 — — 21,973 
Substandard272 1,107 345 1,022 — 4,555 97 — 7,398 
Doubtful— — — — — 27 — — 27 
Total111,136 264,403 170,392 116,829 57,782 257,435 5,294 767 984,038 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Residential mortgages
Not rated18,653 58,098 60,024 71,369 15,948 52,585 — — 276,677 
Substandard — 75 346 — 169 725 — — 1,315 
Total 18,653 58,173 60,370 71,369 16,117 53,310 — — 277,992 
Gross charge-offs— 32 — — — — — — 32 
Home equity lines and loans
Not rated13,552 16,384 5,821 3,134 2,867 10,400 33,275 1,115 86,548 
Substandard — 77 — — — 293 25 113 508 
Total13,552 16,461 5,821 3,134 2,867 10,693 33,300 1,228 87,056 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — 
Indirect consumer
Not rated72,264 98,008 23,015 9,192 3,870 3,387 — — 209,736 
Substandard 119 246 135 48 36 103 — — 687 
Total72,383 98,254 23,150 9,240 3,906 3,490 — — 210,423 
Gross charge-offs184 375 215 121 21 55 — — 971 
Direct consumer
Not rated3,005 2,745 785 256 53 324 2,697 9,870 
Substandard— — — — — — — 
Total 3,005 2,745 785 258 53 324 2,697 9,872 
Gross charge-offs15 — 54 — 93 
Total loans $307,790 $553,730 $302,467 $218,500 $114,216 $343,382 $128,225 $4,354 $1,972,664 
Total gross charge-offs$188 $422 $223 $127 $30 $381 $12 $— $1,383