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Goodwill and intangible assets
 6 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and intangible assets Goodwill and intangible assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:
Diversified Industrial
Segment		Aerospace
Systems
Segment		Total
Balance at June 30, 2023$7,682,755 $2,945,839 $10,628,594 
Acquisition1,113 9,778 10,891 
Divestitures(25,387)— (25,387)
Foreign currency translation41,165 16,634 57,799 
Balance at December 31, 2023$7,699,646 $2,972,251 $10,671,897 
Acquisition represents goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation for the Acquisition during the measurement period. Divestitures represents goodwill associated with the sale of the businesses. Refer to Note 4 for further discussion.
Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their legal or estimated useful lives. The following summarizes the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major category of intangible assets:
 December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
 Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Patents and technology$2,125,244 $403,218 $2,128,847 $352,040 
Trade names1,050,077 418,972 1,047,678 390,737 
Customer relationships and other8,114,269 2,313,932 8,109,063 2,092,197 
Total$11,289,590 $3,136,122 $11,285,588 $2,834,974 
Total intangible asset amortization expense for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $298 million and $229 million, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for the five years ending June 30, 2024 through 2028 is $580 million, $543 million, $538 million, $533 million and $524 million, respectively.
Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the undiscounted net cash flows to be generated by their use over their expected useful lives and eventual disposition may be less than their net carrying value. No material intangible asset impairments occurred during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.