Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

Nature of Operations - The Company is a leading worldwide diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems, providing precision engineered solutions for a wide variety of mobile, industrial and aerospace markets. The Company evaluates performance based on segment operating income before corporate administrative expenses, interest expense and income taxes.

The Diversified Industrial Segment is an aggregation of several business units, which manufacture motion-control and fluid power system components for builders and users of various types of manufacturing, packaging, processing, transportation, agricultural, construction, and military vehicles and equipment. Diversified Industrial Segment products are marketed primarily through field sales employees and independent distributors. The Diversified Industrial North American operations have manufacturing plants and distribution networks throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico and primarily service North America. The Diversified Industrial International operations provide Parker products and services to 47 countries throughout Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa.

The Aerospace Systems Segment produces hydraulic, fuel, pneumatic and electro-mechanical systems and components, which are utilized on virtually every domestic commercial, military and general aviation aircraft and also performs a vital role in naval vessels and land-based weapons systems. This segment serves original equipment and maintenance, repair and overhaul customers worldwide. Aerospace Systems Segment products are marketed by field sales employees and are sold directly to manufacturers and end-users.

There are no individual customers to whom sales are more than three percent of the Company's consolidated sales. Due to the diverse group of customers throughout the world, the Company does not consider itself exposed to any concentration of credit risks.

The Company manufactures and markets its products throughout the world. Although certain risks and uncertainties exist, the diversity and breadth of the Company's products and geographic operations mitigate the risk that adverse changes with respect to any particular product and geographic operation would materially affect the Company's operating results.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Basis of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and profits have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements. Within the Business Segment Information, intersegment and interarea sales have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition - Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, product has shipped and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred or services have been rendered, the price to the customer is fixed and determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured, which is generally at the time the product is shipped. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in net sales and the related costs in cost of sales. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue.

Long-term Contracts - The Company enters into long-term contracts primarily for the production of aerospace products. For financial statement purposes, revenues are primarily recognized using the percentage-of-completion method. The extent of progress toward completion is primarily measured using the units-of-delivery method. Unbilled costs on these contracts are included in inventory. Progress payments are netted against the inventory balances. The Company estimates costs to complete long-term contracts for purposes of evaluating and establishing contract reserves. Adjustments to cost estimates are made on a consistent basis and a contract reserve is established when the estimated costs to complete a contract exceed the expected contract revenues.

Cash - Cash equivalents consist of short-term highly liquid investments, with a three-month or less maturity, carried at cost plus accrued interest, which are readily convertible into cash.

Marketable Securities and Other Investments - Consist of short-term highly liquid investments, with stated maturities of greater than three months from the date of purchase, carried at cost plus accrued interest, and investments classified as available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss). Gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are calculated based on the first-in, first-out method. The Company has the ability to liquidate the available-for-sale investments after giving appropriate notice to the issuer.

Trade Accounts Receivable, Net - Trade accounts receivable are initially recorded at their net collectible amount and are generally recorded at the time the revenue from the sales transaction is recorded. Receivables are written off to bad debt primarily when, in the judgment of the Company, the receivable is deemed to be uncollectible due to the insolvency of the debtor. Allowance for doubtful accounts was $14,336 and $8,010 at June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively.

Non-Trade and Notes Receivable - The non-trade and notes receivable caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is comprised of the following components:



June 30,	2017		2016
Notes receivable	$	118,351	$	102,400
Accounts receivable, other	136,636		129,783
Total	$	254,987	$	232,183

Plant, Equipment and Depreciation - Plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated principally using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes. Depreciation rates are based on estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements and building equipment, seven to 10 years for machinery and equipment, and three to eight years for vehicles and office equipment. Improvements, which extend the useful life of property, are capitalized, and maintenance and repairs are expensed. The Company reviews plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. When plant and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the appropriate accounts and any gain or loss is included in current income.

The plant and equipment caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is comprised of the following components:



June 30,	2017		2016
Land and land improvements	$	321,331	$	291,122
Buildings and building equipment	1,575,464		1,437,601
Machinery and equipment	3,167,885		2,933,818
Construction in progress	122,068		74,600
Total	$	5,186,748	$	4,737,141

Investments and Other Assets - Investments in joint-venture companies in which ownership is 50 percent or less and in which the Company does not have operating control are stated at cost plus the Company's equity in undistributed earnings and amounted to $341,869 and $355,876 at June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. A significant portion of the underlying net assets of the joint ventures are related to goodwill. The Company's share of earnings from investments in joint-venture companies were $42,352, $25,650 and $23,204 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Intangible Assets - Intangible assets primarily include patents, trademarks and customer lists and are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line method. Patents are amortized over the shorter of their remaining useful or legal life. Trademarks are amortized over the estimated time period over which an economic benefit is expected to be received. Customer lists are amortized over a period based on anticipated customer attrition rates. The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable.

Goodwill - The Company conducts a formal impairment test of goodwill on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

Income Taxes - Income taxes are provided based upon income for financial reporting purposes. Tax credits and similar tax incentives are applied to reduce the provision for income taxes in the year in which the credits arise. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recognized in income tax expense. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax purposes.

Foreign Currency Translation - Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates, and income and expenses are translated using weighted-average exchange rates. The effects of these translation adjustments, as well as gains and losses from certain intercompany transactions, are reported in the accumulated other comprehensive (loss) component of shareholders' equity. Such adjustments will affect net income only upon sale or liquidation of the underlying foreign investments, which is not contemplated at this time. Exchange losses (gains) from transactions in a currency other than the local currency of the entity involved are included within the cost of sales caption in the Consolidated Statement of Income and were $8,060, $22,750 and $(77,784), in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Subsequent Events - The Company has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred through the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017. No subsequent events occurred that required adjustment to or disclosure in these financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-09, "Scope of Modification Accounting." ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all of the following are met: (1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as fair value of the original award; (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 31, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued. ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company has not historically modified share-based payments awards after their original issuance so the impact of adopting ASU 2017-09 on the Company's financial statements is not expected to be material.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." ASU 2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. ASU 2017-07 also provides that only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization, when applicable. ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued. ASU 2017-07 should be applied retrospectively for the income statement presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost and prospectively, on or after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The Company has not yet determined the effect that ASU 2017-07 will have on its financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this Update, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have a material effect on its financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory." ASU 2016-16 provides that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in ASU 2016-16 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 31, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating ASU 2016-16 for potential early adoption in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and currently estimates that the adoption of ASU 2016-16 will eliminate a $57 million income tax deferred charge recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 provides specific guidance on several cash flow classification issues to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined the effect that ASU 2016-15 will have on its financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined the effect that ASU 2016-13 will have on its financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Under ASU 2016-09, all excess tax benefits and deficiencies arising from employee share-based payment awards, and dividends on those awards, will be recognized in the income statement during the period in which they occur. ASU 2016-09 allows companies to make an accounting policy election to estimate forfeitures, as required today, or record them when they occur and allows companies to withhold an amount up to the maximum statutory tax rate without causing the award to be classified as a liability. Within the statement of cash flows, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits to be classified as an operating activity and cash payments to tax authorities in connection with shares withheld to be classified as a financing activity. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. In fiscal 2017, the Company applied the recognition of the excess tax benefits and deficiencies requirement on a prospective basis and recognized a discrete income tax benefit, which was recorded as a reduction to income tax expense, of $35,589 in 2017. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, this excess tax benefit was recorded as an increase to additional capital. The cash flow classification requirements of ASU 2016-09 were applied retrospectively. As a result, for 2016 and 2015, cash flows from operating activities was increased by $40,935 and $61,292, respectively, and cash flows from financing activities was decreased by $40,935 and $61,292, respectively. The Company elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occur rather than electing to account for forfeitures as they occur. The other provisions of ASU 2016-09 related to accounting for income taxes and minimum statutory share withholding tax requirements had no impact on the Company's financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases." ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheet by recognizing a liability to make lease payments and an asset representing their right to use the asset during the lease term. Lessee recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows will not change significantly from existing guidance. Lessor accounting is also largely unchanged from existing guidance. ASU 2016-02 requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures that provide information about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities." ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments (excluding equity method investments and investments that are consolidated) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value may be measured at cost, adjusted for impairment and observable price changes. The ASU also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments, eliminates the disclosure of the assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at cost on the balance sheet and requires the exit price to be used when measuring fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Under ASU 2016-01, changes in fair value (resulting from instrument-specific credit risk) will be presented separately in other comprehensive income for liabilities measured using the fair value option and financial assets and liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and type either on the balance sheet or in the financial statement disclosures. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has not yet determined the effect that ASU 2016-01 will have on its financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, "Interest - Imputation of Interest." ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in the ASU. ASU 2015-03 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2015-03 and has revised the following captions within the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2016:



	As Previously Reported		Revised
Investments and other assets	$	850,088	$	827,492
Notes payable and long-term debt payable within one year	361,840		361,787
Long-term debt	2,675,000		2,652,457

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2014-09 requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that a company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. To achieve this principle, a company must apply five steps including identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when (or as) the company satisfies the performance obligations. Additional quantitative and qualitative disclosure to enhance the understanding about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows is also required. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, "Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing." ASU 2016-10 clarifies the following two aspects of ASU 2014-09: identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance. The effective date of ASU 2016-10 is the same as the effective date of ASU 2014-09. The Company currently anticipates using the modified retrospective method to adopt ASU 2014-09. The Company is still in the process of quantifying the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09, but at this time the Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its financial statements.