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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, in each period.
On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, a substantial tax-and-spending package intended to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Significant impacts of the CARES Act include the ability to carry back a net operating loss for five years and an increase of the Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j) interest expense disallowance limitations from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income, which will allow the Company to deduct additional interest expense for the 2019 and 2020 tax years.  The Company is assessing the potential impact of global relief packages and the CARES Act.
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $1.9 million, representing an effective rate of 26.0%, compared to $5.5 million, or 81%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The rate in the 2021 period is higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due primarily to income subject to foreign tax at tax rates higher than the U.S. statutory rate and state taxes. The rate in the 2020 period is higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to an earnings mix that yields an increase in the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) inclusion, and also reduces the benefit of foreign tax credits and the Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”) deduction.