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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, in each period.
On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, a substantial tax-and-spending package intended to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Significant impacts of the CARES Act include the ability to carry back a net operating loss for five years and an increase of the Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j) interest expense disallowance limitations from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income, which will allow the Company to deduct additional interest expense for the 2019 and 2020 tax years.  The Company is assessing the potential impact of global relief packages and the CARES Act.
Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.3 million, representing an effective rate of 5.5%, compared to $4.2 million, or 25.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The rate in the 2020 period is lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due primarily to a U.S. net operating loss carryback to a prior year under the CARES Act, a
tax benefit from the favorable impact of final Global Intangible Low-Taxes Income (“GILTI”) regulations and a decrease in our Transition Tax liability. The rate in the 2019 period is higher than the U.S. statutory rate due to the impact of earnings in foreign jurisdictions with statutory income tax rates higher than the U.S. rate.
Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $3.8 million, representing an effective rate of 26.6%, compared to income tax expense of $12.3 million, or 27.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The rates in both periods are higher than the U.S. statutory rate due to the impact of earnings in foreign jurisdictions with statutory income tax rates higher than the U.S. rate.