In the normal course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to meet the financing and hedging needs of its customers and reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These transactions include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate options, foreign exchange contracts, residential loan commitment rate locks, interest rate future contracts, swaptions, certain commodities, forward commitments to sell TBAs, forward purchase and sale contracts, and purchase options. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. Information regarding the valuation methodology and inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is described in Note 20 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.


	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$72,140	$284	$10	$69,077	$402	$5
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	163,936	175	674	171,193	160	905
Foreign exchange contracts	36,876	318	326	34,749	472	411
Commodities contracts	1,133	689	634	1,136	429	379
TBA contracts	3,167	2	10	2,714	10	8
Other contracts	1,080	9	3	615	3	2
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	206,192	1,193	1,647	210,407	1,074	1,705
Total gross derivatives	278,332	1,477	1,657	279,484	1,476	1,710
Less: Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets(1)		(411)	(411)		(391)	(391)
Less: Cash collateral applied(1)		(306)	(363)		(677)	(99)
Total net derivatives presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		$760	$883		$408	$1,220

The Company’s derivative transactions are internally divided into three sub-groups: institutional, customer facilitation and residential loan. Certain derivative transactions within these sub-groups are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, as described below:

The Company’s institutional derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The net interest accruals on interest rate swaps designated in a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship are treated as an adjustment to interest income or interest expense of the item being hedged. All hedging relationships are formally documented at inception, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various accounting hedges. In addition, the effectiveness of hedge relationships is monitored during the duration of the hedge period. The methods utilized to assess hedge effectiveness vary based on the hedge relationship and each relationship is monitored to ensure that management’s initial intent continues to be satisfied. Hedge accounting treatment is discontinued when the derivative is terminated or when it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be, or has ceased to be, effective as a hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative are reflected in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.

In a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged asset or liability attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in the same income statement line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the changes in fair value occur. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has designated $4.7 billion of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of its fixed-rate prepayable AFS securities using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows the Company to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has also designated $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges to manage interest rate risk within its nonprepayable fixed-rate AFS securities portfolio.


	Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized
	Interest Income	Interest Expense
(dollars in millions)	Investment Securities	Long-Term Borrowed Funds
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items	$116	($2)
Derivatives	(118)	2
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	11	(2)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges	$9	($2)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items	($135)	$3
Derivatives	139	(3)
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	25	(4)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges	$29	($4)


(dollars in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	Debt securities available for sale(1)	Long-term borrowed funds		Debt securities available for sale(1)	Long-term borrowed funds
Carrying amount of hedged assets(2)	$9,623	$—		$9,557	$—
Carrying amount of hedged liabilities	—	494		—	491
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged items	20	(6)		(97)	(8)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $6.3 billion and $6.4 billion, respectively, including associated cumulative basis adjustments of $(2) million and $(75) million, respectively. The amount of the designated hedging instruments was $4.7 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In a cash flow hedge the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate swap included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from AOCI into earnings in the period during which the hedged item affects earnings.

The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements designed primarily to hedge a portion of its floating-rate assets and liabilities. All of these swaps are deemed highly effective cash flow hedges. From time to time, the Company may also enter into certain interest rate option agreements that utilize interest rate floors and/or caps. Option premiums paid and received are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are amortized over the life of the instruments. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company entered into a cash flow hedge with a notional amount of $1.5 billion to manage the variability in cash flows related to the sale of Non-Core education loans, which will settle ratably each quarter throughout 2025.

The following table presents the pre-tax net gains (losses) recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)	2025	2024
Pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI	$284	($550)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest income	(202)	(203)

Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense	—	—

Using the March 31, 2025 interest rate curve, the Company estimates that $612 million in pre-tax net losses related to cash flow hedge strategies will be reclassified from AOCI to earnings over the next 12 months. These losses could differ from amounts recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations or the addition of other hedges after March 31, 2025.

The Company offers derivatives to customers in connection with their risk management needs consisting primarily of interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity contracts. Market risk exposure from customer transactions is primarily managed by entering into a variety of hedging transactions with third-party dealers. Gains and losses on customer-related derivatives are reported in foreign exchange and derivatives products in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential mortgage loans that will be sold in the secondary market and the related loan commitments, which are considered derivatives, are accounted for at fair value. Forward contracts to sell mortgage-backed securities are utilized to hedge the fair value of the loans and related commitments. Gains and losses on the loans and related commitments, and the derivatives used to economically hedge them, are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential MSRs are accounted for at fair value. Derivatives utilized to hedge the fair value of residential MSRs include interest rate futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on residential MSRs and the related derivatives are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


	Amounts Recognized in Noninterest Income for the
	Three Months Ended March 31,		Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in millions)	2025	2024
Economic hedge type:
Customer interest rate contracts	$165	($494)		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging interest rate risk	(157)	503		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer foreign exchange contracts	98	(110)		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging foreign exchange risk	(131)	145		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer commodity contracts	343	35		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging commodity price risk	(336)	(32)		Foreign exchange and derivative products
Residential loan commitments	6	(2)		Mortgage banking fees
Derivatives hedging residential loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value	(13)	3		Mortgage banking fees
Derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs	22	(38)		Mortgage banking fees
Total	($3)	$10