In the normal course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to meet the financing and hedging needs of its customers and reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These transactions include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate options, foreign exchange contracts, residential loan commitment rate locks, interest rate future contracts, swaptions, certain commodities, forward commitments to sell TBAs, forward sale contracts and purchase options. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

The Company’s derivative instruments are reported at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as derivative assets and derivative liabilities. Certain derivatives are cleared through central clearing houses. Cleared derivatives represent contracts executed bilaterally with counterparties in the OTC market that are novated to central clearing houses that become our counterparty. OTC-cleared derivative instruments are typically settled in cash each day based on their value from the previous day. Information regarding the valuation methodology and inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is described in Note 20.

Derivative assets and liabilities are netted by counterparty in the Consolidated Balance Sheets if a “right of setoff” is established in a master netting agreement between the Company and the counterparty. This netted derivative asset or liability position is also netted against the fair value of any cash collateral that is pledged or received in accordance with a master netting agreement.


	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$69,077	$402	$5	$86,895	$173	$44
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	171,193	160	905	185,993	291	1,105
Foreign exchange contracts	34,749	472	411	32,528	434	378
Commodities contracts	1,136	429	379	1,251	685	640
TBA contracts	2,714	10	8	2,337	3	16
Other contracts	615	3	2	549	7	—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	210,407	1,074	1,705	222,658	1,420	2,139
Total gross derivatives	279,484	1,476	1,710	309,553	1,593	2,183
Less: Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets(1)		(391)	(391)		(471)	(471)
Less: Cash collateral applied(1)		(677)	(99)		(682)	(150)
Total net derivatives presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		$408	$1,220		$440	$1,562

The Company’s derivative transactions are internally divided into three sub-groups: institutional, customer facilitation and residential loan. Certain derivative transactions within these sub-groups are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, as described below:

The Company’s institutional derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The net interest accruals on interest rate swaps designated in a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship are treated as an adjustment to interest income or interest expense of the item being hedged. All hedging relationships are formally documented at inception, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various accounting hedges. In addition, the effectiveness of hedge relationships is monitored during the duration of the hedge period. The methods utilized to assess hedge effectiveness vary based on the hedge relationship and each relationship is monitored to ensure that management’s initial intent continues to be satisfied. Hedge accounting treatment is discontinued when the derivative is terminated or when it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be, or has ceased to be, effective as a hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative are reflected in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.

In a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged asset or liability attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in the same income statement line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the changes in fair value occur. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has designated $4.7 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of its fixed-rate prepayable AFS securities using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows the Company to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. The Company has also entered into fair value hedges to manage interest rate risk within its nonprepayable fixed-rate AFS securities and long-term borrowed funds portfolios.


	Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized
	Interest Income		Interest Expense
(dollars in millions)	Loans Held for Sale	Investment Securities	Long-Term Borrowed Funds
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items	$—	($142)	($8)
Derivatives	—	147	8
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	—	107	(14)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges	$—	$112	($14)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items	$—	$50	($10)
Derivatives	—	(48)	10
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	—	10	(16)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges	$—	$12	($16)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items	($13)	($29)	$68
Derivatives	13	29	(69)
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	—	(3)	12
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges	$—	($3)	$11


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Debt securities available for sale(1)	Long-term borrowed funds		Debt securities available for sale(1)	Long-term borrowed funds
Carrying amount of hedged assets(2)	$9,557	$—		$7,253	$—
Carrying amount of hedged liabilities	—	491		—	483
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged items	(97)	(8)		60	(17)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $6.4 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, including associated cumulative basis adjustments of $(75) million and $39 million, respectively. The amount of the designated hedging instruments was $4.7 billion and $4.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In a cash flow hedge the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate swap included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from AOCI into earnings in the period during which the hedged item affects earnings.

The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements designed to hedge a portion of its floating-rate assets and liabilities. All of these swaps are deemed highly effective cash flow hedges. From time to time, the Company may also enter into certain interest rate option agreements that utilize interest rate floors and/or caps. Option premiums paid and received are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are amortized over the life of the instruments.

The following table presents the pre-tax net gains (losses) recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2024	2023	2022
Pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI	($725)	($145)	($1,806)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest income	(945)	(596)	(111)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense	(1)	—	(4)

Using the December 31, 2024 interest rate curve, the Company estimates that $718 million in pre-tax net losses related to cash flow hedge strategies will be reclassified from AOCI to net interest income over the next 12 months. These losses could differ from amounts recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations or the addition of other hedges after December 31, 2024.

The Company offers derivatives to customers in connection with their risk management needs consisting primarily of interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity contracts. Market risk exposure from customer transactions is primarily managed by entering into a variety of hedging transactions with third-party dealers. Gains and losses on customer-related derivatives are reported in foreign exchange and derivatives products in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential mortgage loans that will be sold in the secondary market and the related loan commitments, which are considered derivatives, are accounted for at fair value. Forward contracts to sell mortgage-backed securities are utilized to hedge the fair value of the loans and related commitments. Gains and losses on the loans and related commitments, and the derivatives used to economically hedge them, are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential MSRs are accounted for at fair value. Derivatives utilized to hedge the fair value of residential MSRs include interest rate futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on residential MSRs and the related derivatives are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


	Amounts Recognized in Noninterest Income for the Year Ended December 31,			Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in millions)	2024	2023	2022
Economic hedge type:
Customer interest rate contracts	($773)	($505)	($2,027)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging interest rate risk	805	551	2,090	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer foreign exchange contracts	(223)	94	(180)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging foreign exchange risk	334	14	313	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer commodity contracts	23	(900)	1,121	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging commodity price risk	(7)	941	(1,097)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Residential loan commitments	(16)	(34)	(284)	Mortgage banking fees
Derivatives hedging residential loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value	19	25	489	Mortgage banking fees
Derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs	(91)	(33)	(313)	Mortgage banking fees
Total	$71	$153	$112