CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

NOTE 4 - CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Allowance for Credit Losses    

The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses in its loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ACL and considers extensive historical loss experience, including the impact of loss mitigation and restructuring programs that the Company offers to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as well as projected loss severity as a result of loan default.

For a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2023, see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024			Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Commercial	Retail	Total	Commercial	Retail	Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period	$1,234	$852	$2,086	$1,250	$848	$2,098
Charge-offs	(100)	(123)	(223)	(202)	(252)	(454)
Recoveries	4	35	39	21	68	89
Net charge-offs	(96)	(88)	(184)	(181)	(184)	(365)
Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases	144	79	223	213	179	392
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period	1,282	843	2,125	1,282	843	2,125
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period	191	31	222	175	45	220
Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments	(44)	3	(41)	(28)	(11)	(39)
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period	147	34	181	147	34	181
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period	$1,429	$877	$2,306	$1,429	$877	$2,306

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net charge-offs of $365 million and a provision for expected credit losses of $353 million resulted in an decrease of $12 million to the ACL.

As of June 30, 2024, the ACL economic forecast over a two-year reasonable and supportable period was consistent with December 31, 2023, with peak unemployment of approximately 5.0% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 0.4%. These forecasts reflect a mild recession over the two-year reasonable and supportable period.

The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Commercial	Retail	Total	Commercial	Retail	Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period	$1,111	$906	$2,017	$1,060	$923	$1,983
Charge-offs	(79)	(110)	(189)	(138)	(222)	(360)
Recoveries	3	34	37	10	65	75
Net charge-offs	(76)	(76)	(152)	(128)	(157)	(285)
Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases	122	57	179	225	121	346
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period	1,157	887	2,044	1,157	887	2,044
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period	215	43	258	207	50	257
Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments	(2)	(1)	(3)	6	(8)	(2)
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period	213	42	255	213	42	255
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period	$1,370	$929	$2,299	$1,370	$929	$2,299

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year. Citizens defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. Renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date, except for renewals of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or FDMs, which are presented in the original vintage.

Citizens utilizes internal risk ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases. For more information on these ratings see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of June 30, 2024:

	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior to 2020	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$2,807	$3,159	$5,507	$4,190	$1,176	$2,581	$21,128	$77	$40,625
Special Mention	—	61	123	298	58	28	395	—	963
Substandard Accrual	—	32	229	274	132	347	749	11	1,774
Nonaccrual	—	23	49	29	5	101	47	7	261
Total commercial and industrial	2,807	3,275	5,908	4,791	1,371	3,057	22,319	95	43,623
Commercial real estate
Pass	1,197	1,296	5,726	5,937	2,084	5,182	1,529	5	22,956
Special Mention	—	3	812	561	134	389	96	—	1,995
Substandard Accrual	—	—	422	259	479	1,310	207	5	2,682
Nonaccrual	—	—	79	45	98	454	2	—	678
Total commercial real estate	1,197	1,299	7,039	6,802	2,795	7,335	1,834	10	28,311
Total commercial
Pass	4,004	4,455	11,233	10,127	3,260	7,763	22,657	82	63,581
Special Mention	—	64	935	859	192	417	491	—	2,958
Substandard Accrual	—	32	651	533	611	1,657	956	16	4,456
Nonaccrual	—	23	128	74	103	555	49	7	939
Total commercial	$4,004	$4,574	$12,947	$11,593	$4,166	$10,392	$24,153	$105	$71,934

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of December 31, 2023:

	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	Prior to 2019	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$3,694	$6,512	$5,331	$1,445	$1,147	$2,299	$21,033	$53	$41,514
Special Mention	59	221	355	30	50	113	368	—	1,196
Substandard Accrual	8	189	337	218	125	287	792	11	1,967
Nonaccrual	1	72	54	4	5	102	53	6	297
Total commercial and industrial	3,762	6,994	6,077	1,697	1,327	2,801	22,246	70	44,974
Commercial real estate
Pass	1,906	5,791	6,062	2,555	2,294	3,895	1,975	8	24,486
Special Mention	—	713	539	222	183	260	75	—	1,992
Substandard Accrual	—	277	203	469	528	939	100	—	2,516
Nonaccrual	1	66	2	23	144	238	3	—	477
Total commercial real estate	1,907	6,847	6,806	3,269	3,149	5,332	2,153	8	29,471
Total commercial
Pass	5,600	12,303	11,393	4,000	3,441	6,194	23,008	61	66,000
Special Mention	59	934	894	252	233	373	443	—	3,188
Substandard Accrual	8	466	540	687	653	1,226	892	11	4,483
Nonaccrual	2	138	56	27	149	340	56	6	774
Total commercial	$5,669	$13,841	$12,883	$4,966	$4,476	$8,133	$24,399	$78	$74,445

For retail loans, Citizens utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of June 30, 2024:

	Term Loans by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior to 2020	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Residential mortgages
800+	$469	$1,206	$3,182	$5,230	$3,023	$4,112	$—	$—	$17,222
740-799	763	1,043	1,810	2,354	1,394	2,054	—	—	9,418
680-739	148	294	626	704	448	1,044	—	—	3,264
620-679	21	48	106	148	80	535	—	—	938
<620	4	27	63	141	87	707	—	—	1,029
No FICO available(1)	—	—	—	2	1	16	—	—	19
Total residential mortgages	1,405	2,618	5,787	8,579	5,033	8,468	—	—	31,890
Home equity
800+	1	—	4	4	1	84	5,280	210	5,584
740-799	—	—	1	2	1	74	4,932	227	5,237
680-739	—	—	1	1	2	86	2,788	188	3,066
620-679	—	1	3	1	2	69	716	147	939
<620	—	1	4	2	1	71	382	247	708
No FICO available(1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total home equity	1	2	13	10	7	384	14,098	1,019	15,534
Automobile
800+	—	78	465	871	273	119	—	—	1,806
740-799	—	114	544	793	265	122	—	—	1,838
680-739	—	115	455	536	176	90	—	—	1,372
620-679	—	68	245	260	82	54	—	—	709
<620	—	46	215	253	80	64	—	—	658
No FICO available(1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total automobile	—	421	1,924	2,713	876	449	—	—	6,383
Education
800+	73	376	668	1,602	1,342	1,628	—	—	5,689
740-799	106	398	634	905	734	912	—	—	3,689
680-739	31	166	250	286	237	377	—	—	1,347
620-679	10	49	61	64	53	124	—	—	361
<620	2	9	19	27	24	63	—	—	144
No FICO available(1)	2	—	—	—	—	33	—	—	35
Total education	224	998	1,632	2,884	2,390	3,137	—	—	11,265
Other retail
800+	87	127	47	24	22	18	509	—	834
740-799	154	176	60	28	27	21	934	1	1,401
680-739	125	149	51	24	23	15	904	2	1,293
620-679	51	81	34	15	12	5	377	1	576
<620	9	39	36	18	11	5	229	1	348
No FICO available(1)	2	2	—	—	—	—	380	—	384
Total other retail	428	574	228	109	95	64	3,333	5	4,836
Total retail
800+	630	1,787	4,366	7,731	4,661	5,961	5,789	210	31,135
740-799	1,023	1,731	3,049	4,082	2,421	3,183	5,866	228	21,583
680-739	304	724	1,383	1,551	886	1,612	3,692	190	10,342
620-679	82	247	449	488	229	787	1,093	148	3,523
<620	15	122	337	441	203	910	611	248	2,887
No FICO available(1)	4	2	—	2	1	49	380	—	438
Total retail	$2,058	$4,613	$9,584	$14,295	$8,401	$12,502	$17,431	$1,024	$69,908

(1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes).

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of December 31, 2023:

	Term Loans by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	Prior to 2019	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Residential mortgages
800+	$889	$3,067	$5,172	$3,117	$1,131	$3,125	$—	$—	$16,501
740-799	1,333	1,940	2,560	1,411	592	1,625	—	—	9,461
680-739	367	631	758	466	266	873	—	—	3,361
620-679	54	135	165	90	121	445	—	—	1,010
<620	9	48	104	95	161	561	—	—	978
No FICO available(1)	1	—	2	1	3	14	—	—	21
Total residential mortgages	2,653	5,821	8,761	5,180	2,274	6,643	—	—	31,332
Home equity
800+	—	4	4	1	4	91	5,078	222	5,404
740-799	—	1	2	1	3	82	4,708	241	5,038
680-739	1	1	1	2	5	93	2,693	202	2,998
620-679	—	1	1	2	8	77	718	137	944
<620	—	2	1	1	10	80	332	230	656
Total home equity	1	9	9	7	30	423	13,529	1,032	15,040
Automobile
800+	81	539	1,062	368	162	47	—	—	2,259
740-799	134	671	1,038	375	165	52	—	—	2,435
680-739	147	577	708	252	118	39	—	—	1,841
620-679	94	316	345	112	65	26	—	—	958
<620	44	232	291	100	66	32	—	—	765
Total automobile	500	2,335	3,444	1,207	576	196	—	—	8,258
Education
800+	296	671	1,637	1,418	600	1,185	—	—	5,807
740-799	368	694	1,050	850	369	678	—	—	4,009
680-739	143	289	333	273	134	298	—	—	1,470
620-679	30	65	68	58	32	107	—	—	360
<620	5	18	25	23	15	55	—	—	141
No FICO available(1)	10	—	1	—	—	36	—	—	47
Total education	852	1,737	3,114	2,622	1,150	2,359	—	—	11,834
Other retail
800+	183	70	38	35	16	18	500	—	860
740-799	258	87	46	45	21	19	963	1	1,440
680-739	214	76	39	39	18	11	973	2	1,372
620-679	118	48	23	19	6	4	419	2	639
<620	31	35	18	14	4	2	251	2	357
No FICO available(1)	7	1	—	1	—	—	373	—	382
Total other retail	811	317	164	153	65	54	3,479	7	5,050
Total retail
800+	1,449	4,351	7,913	4,939	1,913	4,466	5,578	222	30,831
740-799	2,093	3,393	4,696	2,682	1,150	2,456	5,671	242	22,383
680-739	872	1,574	1,839	1,032	541	1,314	3,666	204	11,042
620-679	296	565	602	281	232	659	1,137	139	3,911
<620	89	335	439	233	256	730	583	232	2,897
No FICO available(1)	18	1	3	2	3	50	373	—	450
Total retail	$4,817	$10,219	$15,492	$9,169	$4,095	$9,675	$17,008	$1,039	$71,514

(1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes).

The following tables present gross charge-offs by vintage date for the Company’s loan and lease portfolios:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior to 2020	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Commercial and industrial	$—	$—	$1	$11	$—	$3	$13	$—	$28
Commercial real estate	—	—	1	19	86	68	—	—	174
Total commercial	—	—	2	30	86	71	13	—	202
Residential mortgages	—	—	—	—	—	3	—	—	3
Home equity	—	—	—	—	—	2	5	1	8
Automobile	—	3	16	17	5	6	—	—	47
Education	—	—	3	13	14	33	—	—	63
Other retail	15	10	7	10	2	6	81	—	131
Total retail	15	13	26	40	21	50	86	1	252
Total loans and leases	$15	$13	$28	$70	$107	$121	$99	$1	$454

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year						Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	Prior to 2019	Within the Revolving Period	Converted to Term	Total
Commercial and industrial	$—	$1	$32	$4	$1	$5	$29	$—	$72
Commercial real estate	—	—	—	22	6	38	—	—	66
Total commercial	—	1	32	26	7	43	29	—	138
Residential mortgages	—	—	—	—	1	1	—	—	2
Home equity	—	—	—	—	—	2	3	—	5
Automobile	—	15	21	7	6	5	—	—	54
Education	—	3	6	10	7	23	—	—	49
Other retail	19	20	7	5	7	5	49	—	112
Total retail	19	38	34	22	21	36	52	—	222
Total loans and leases	$19	$39	$66	$48	$28	$79	$81	$—	$360

Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets

The following tables present an aging analysis of accruing and nonaccrual loans and leases as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	June 30, 2024
		Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions)	Current	30-59	60-89	90+	Nonaccrual	Total	Nonaccrual with no related ACL
Commercial and industrial	$43,311	$27	$17	$7	$261	$43,623	$25
Commercial real estate	27,424	72	101	36	678	28,311	111
Total commercial	70,735	99	118	43	939	71,934	136
Residential mortgages	31,417	93	45	182	153	31,890	126
Home equity	15,147	79	29	—	279	15,534	195
Automobile	6,190	113	36	—	44	6,383	6
Education	11,154	37	20	2	52	11,265	3
Other retail	4,707	40	28	1	60	4,836	1
Total retail	68,615	362	158	185	588	69,908	331
Total	$139,350	$461	$276	$228	$1,527	$141,842	$467
Guaranteed residential mortgages(1)	$821	$59	$28	$168	$—	$1,076	$—

	December 31, 2023
		Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions)	Current	30-59	60-89	90+	Nonaccrual	Total	Nonaccrual with no related ACL
Commercial and industrial	$44,591	$62	$18	$6	$297	$44,974	$30
Commercial real estate	28,745	150	59	40	477	29,471	71
Total commercial	73,336	212	77	46	774	74,445	101
Residential mortgages	30,499	282	118	256	177	31,332	144
Home equity	14,640	82	33	—	285	15,040	198
Automobile	8,005	144	48	—	61	8,258	7
Education	11,732	49	23	2	28	11,834	3
Other retail	4,899	49	34	29	39	5,050	—
Total retail	69,775	606	256	287	590	71,514	352
Total	$143,111	$818	$333	$333	$1,364	$145,959	$453
Guaranteed residential mortgages(1)	$675	$128	$76	$243	$—	$1,122	$—

(1) Guaranteed residential mortgages represent loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA, and are included in the amounts presented for Residential mortgages.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $530 million and $556 million, respectively, and collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $404 million and $233 million, respectively.

The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in-process was $317 million and $336 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company offers loan modifications, characterized as FDMs, to retail and commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a result of its loss mitigation activities that may result in a payment delay, interest rate reduction, term extension, principal forgiveness, or combination thereof. Payment delays consist of modifications that result in a delay of contractual amounts due greater than three months over a rolling 12-month period.

Commercial loan modifications are offered on a case-by-case basis and generally include a payment delay, term extension and/or interest rate reduction. The Company does not typically offer principal forgiveness for commercial loans. Retail loan modifications are offered through structured loan modification programs, which are summarized below.

•Forbearance programs provide borrowers experiencing some form of hardship a period of time during which their contractual payment obligations are suspended, resulting in a payment delay and/or term extension.

•Other repayment plans are offered due to hardship and include an interest rate reduction and/or term extension designed to enable the borrower to return the loan to current status in an expeditious manner.

•Settlement agreements may be executed with borrowers experiencing a long-term hardship or who are delinquent, resulting in principal forgiveness. Upon fulfillment of the terms of the settlement agreement, the unpaid principal amount is forgiven resulting in a charge-off of the outstanding principal balance.

•Certain reorganization bankruptcy judgments may result in any one of the four modification types or some combination thereof.

The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs received during the indicated period.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Principal Forgiveness	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Term Extension and Payment Delay	Total	Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial	$—	$184	$14	$—	$—	$—	$198	0.45	%
Commercial real estate	—	307	87	—	24	49	467	1.65
Total commercial	—	491	101	—	24	49	665	0.92
Residential mortgages	2	15	5	—	2	—	24	0.08
Home equity	1	1	—	—	2	—	4	0.03
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	3	2	19	—	—	—	24	0.21
Other retail	4	—	—	—	—	—	4	0.08
Total retail	10	18	24	—	4	—	56	0.08
Total	$10	$509	$125	$—	$28	$49	$721	0.51	%

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Principal Forgiveness	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Term Extension and Payment Delay	Total	Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial	$—	$123	$—	$—	$1	$1	$125	0.26	%
Commercial real estate	—	298	—	—	—	1	299	1.03
Total commercial	—	421	—	—	1	2	424	0.54
Residential mortgages	2	17	—	—	8	—	27	0.09
Home equity	—	2	—	—	2	—	4	0.03
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	2	—	1	—	—	—	3	0.02
Other retail	3	—	—	—	—	—	3	0.06
Total retail	7	19	1	—	10	—	37	0.05
Total	$7	$440	$1	$—	$11	$2	$461	0.30	%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Principal Forgiveness	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Term Extension and Payment Delay	Total	Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial	$—	$210	$78	$—	$1	$32	$321	0.74	%
Commercial real estate	—	569	110	—	63	50	792	2.80
Total commercial	—	779	188	—	64	82	1,113	1.55
Residential mortgages	3	50	8	—	4	—	65	0.20
Home equity	2	1	—	—	6	—	9	0.06
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	6	1	30	—	—	—	37	0.33
Other retail	9	—	—	—	—	—	9	0.19
Total retail	20	52	38	—	10	—	120	0.17
Total	$20	$831	$226	$—	$74	$82	$1,233	0.87	%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Principal Forgiveness	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Term Extension and Payment Delay	Total	Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial	$—	$160	$32	$—	$1	$21	$214	0.45	%
Commercial real estate	—	335	—	—	—	1	336	1.16
Total commercial	—	495	32	—	1	22	550	0.70
Residential mortgages	4	35	—	—	10	—	49	0.16
Home equity	—	3	—	—	4	—	7	0.05
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	4	—	1	—	—	—	5	0.04
Other retail	6	—	—	—	—	—	6	0.12
Total retail	14	38	1	—	14	—	67	0.09
Total	$14	$533	$33	$—	$15	$22	$617	0.41	%

(1) Represents the total amortized cost as of period-end divided by the period-end amortized cost of the corresponding loan class. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from amortized cost and is immaterial.

The following tables present the financial effect of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)	Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial	1.59	%	8	$1	$—
Commercial real estate	2.44		9	1	—
Residential mortgages	1.45		99	—	—
Home equity	4.63		92	—	—
Automobile	—		—	—	—
Education	4.37		24	—	—
Other retail	20.41		—	—	2

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)	Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial	2.87	%	9	$—	$—
Commercial real estate	—		7	—	—
Residential mortgages	2.04		52	—	—
Home equity	2.20		115	—	—
Automobile	2.40		19	—	—
Education	4.90		—	—	—
Other retail	18.76		—	—	1

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)	Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial	3.84	%	10	$1	$—
Commercial real estate	1.24		16	1	—
Residential mortgages	1.63		92	—	—
Home equity	3.82		90	—	—
Automobile	—		—	—	—
Education	4.41		24	—	—
Other retail	20.05		—	—	4

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)	Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial	3.06	%	9	$—	$—
Commercial real estate	—		8	—	—
Residential mortgages	1.86		48	—	—
Home equity	2.12		125	—	—
Automobile	2.59		21	—	—
Education	5.00		—	—	—
Other retail	18.28		22	—	2

(1) Weighted based on period-end amortized cost.

(2) Amounts are recorded as charge-offs.

The following tables present an aging analysis of the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the twelve month period ending June 30, 2024 and the six month period ending June 30, 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. A loan in a forbearance or repayment plan is reported as past due according to its contractual terms until contractually modified. Subsequent to modification, it is reported as past due based on its restructured terms.

	June 30, 2024
		Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions)	Current	30-59	60-89	90+	Nonaccrual	Total
Commercial and industrial	$300	$11	$—	$—	$115	$426
Commercial real estate	723	66	—	—	120	909
Total commercial	1,023	77	—	—	235	1,335
Residential mortgages	79	—	9	22	11	121
Home equity	6	—	—	—	10	16
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	31	1	1	—	31	64
Other retail	11	1	1	—	1	14
Total retail	127	2	11	22	53	215
Total	$1,150	$79	$11	$22	$288	$1,550

	June 30, 2023
		Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions)	Current	30-59	60-89	90+	Nonaccrual	Total
Commercial and industrial	$151	$7	$—	$—	$56	$214
Commercial real estate	256	24	—	—	56	336
Total commercial	407	31	—	—	112	550
Residential mortgages	33	—	2	4	10	49
Home equity	1	—	—	—	6	7
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—	—
Education	4	—	—	—	1	5
Other retail	4	1	—	—	1	6
Total retail	42	1	2	4	18	67
Total	$449	$32	$2	$4	$130	$617

The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that defaulted during the period presented and were modified within the previous 12 months preceding the default, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs at the time of default. A loan is considered to be in default if, subsequent to modification, it becomes 90 or more days past due or is placed on nonaccrual status.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Total
Commercial and industrial	$—	$1	$—	$—	$1
Commercial real estate	—	33	—	—	33
Total commercial	—	34	—	—	34
Residential mortgages	—	5	1	1	7
Home equity	—	—	—	—	—
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—
Education	2	—	14	—	16
Other retail	1	—	—	—	1
Total retail	3	5	15	1	24
Total	$3	$39	$15	$1	$58

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Term Extension	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Total
Commercial and industrial	$—	$—	$—
Commercial real estate	38	—	38
Total commercial	38	—	38
Residential mortgages	2	2	4
Home equity	—	—	—
Automobile	—	—	—
Education	—	—	—
Other retail	—	—	—
Total retail	2	2	4
Total	$40	$2	$42

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Delay	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Total
Commercial and industrial	$—	$18	$—	$—	$18
Commercial real estate	—	70	—	—	70
Total commercial	—	88	—	—	88
Residential mortgages	—	12	1	1	14
Home equity	—	—	—	—	—
Automobile	—	—	—	—	—
Education	3	—	14	—	17
Other retail	1	—	—	—	1
Total retail	4	12	15	1	32
Total	$4	$100	$15	$1	$120

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Term Extension	Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension	Term Extension and Payment Delay	Total
Commercial and industrial	$3	$—	$20	$23
Commercial real estate	38	—	—	38
Total commercial	41	—	20	61
Residential mortgages	2	2	—	4
Home equity	—	—	—	—
Automobile	—	—	—	—
Education	—	—	—	—
Other retail	—	—	—	—
Total retail	2	2	—	4
Total	$43	$2	$20	$65

Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were $73 million at June 30, 2024. Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 were $221 million at December 31, 2023.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s lending activity is geographically well diversified with an emphasis in our core markets located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no material concentration risks within the commercial or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted on the basis of the financial strength of the applicant and the facts surrounding the transaction.