In the normal course of business, Citizens enters into derivative transactions to meet the financing and hedging needs of its customers and reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These transactions include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate options, foreign exchange contracts, residential loan commitment rate locks, interest rate future contracts, swaptions, certain commodities, forward commitments to sell TBAs, forward sale contracts and purchase options. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

The Company’s derivative instruments are reported at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as derivative assets and derivative liabilities. Certain derivatives are cleared through central clearing houses. Cleared derivatives represent contracts executed bilaterally with counterparties in the OTC market that are novated to central clearing houses that become our counterparty. OTC-cleared derivative instruments are typically settled in cash each day based on their value from the previous day. Information regarding the valuation methodology and inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is described in Note 20.

Derivative assets and liabilities are netted by counterparty in the Consolidated Balance Sheets if a “right of setoff” is established in a master netting agreement between the Company and the counterparty. This netted derivative asset or liability position is also netted against the fair value of any cash collateral that is pledged or received in accordance with a master netting agreement.


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
(dollars in millions)	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities	Notional Amount	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$86,895	$173	$44	$42,250	$16	$53
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	185,993	291	1,105	174,384	331	1,579
Foreign exchange contracts	32,528	434	378	29,475	527	519
Commodities contracts	1,251	685	640	1,103	953	942
TBA contracts	2,337	3	16	2,370	7	14
Other contracts	549	7	—	913	5	4
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	222,658	1,420	2,139	208,245	1,823	3,058
Total gross derivatives	309,553	1,593	2,183	250,495	1,839	3,111
Less: Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets(1)		(471)	(471)		(623)	(623)
Less: Cash collateral applied(1)		(682)	(150)		(374)	(579)
Total net derivatives presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		$440	$1,562		$842	$1,909

The Company’s derivative transactions are internally divided into three sub-groups: institutional, customer facilitation and residential loan. Certain derivative transactions within these sub-groups are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, as described below:

The Company’s institutional derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The net interest accruals on interest rate swaps designated in a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship are treated as an adjustment to interest income or interest expense of the item being hedged. All hedging relationships are formally documented at inception, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various accounting hedges. In addition, the effectiveness of hedge relationships is monitored during the duration of the hedge period. The methods utilized to assess hedge effectiveness vary based on the hedge relationship and each relationship is monitored to ensure that management’s initial intent continues to be satisfied. Hedge accounting treatment is discontinued when the derivative is terminated or when it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be, or has ceased to be, effective as a hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative are reflected in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.

In a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged asset or liability attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in the same income statement line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the changes in fair value occur. During 2023, the Company entered into fair value hedges to manage interest rate risk within the AFS securities portfolio.

The following table presents the change in fair value of interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges, as well as the change in fair value of the related hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged, included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021	Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest rate swaps hedging long-term borrowed funds	$10	($69)	($72)	Interest expense - long-term borrowed funds
Hedged long-term borrowed funds attributable to the risk being hedged	(10)	68	71	Interest expense - long-term borrowed funds
Interest rate swaps hedging LHFS	—	13	—	Interest and fees on other loans held for sale
Hedged LHFS attributable to the risk being hedged	—	(13)	—	Interest and fees on other loans held for sale
Interest rate swaps hedging debt securities available for sale	(48)	29	68	Interest income - investment securities
Hedged debt securities available for sale attributable to risk being hedged	50	(29)	(68)	Interest income - investment securities


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
(dollars in millions)	Debt securities available for sale(1)	Long-term borrowed funds		Debt securities available for sale	Long-term borrowed funds
Carrying amount of hedged assets	$7,253	$—		$—	$—
Carrying amount of hedged liabilities	—	483		—	972
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged items	60	(17)		—	(27)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $5.9 billion, including associated cumulative basis adjustments of $39 million, and the amount of the designated hedging instruments was $4.0 billion.

In a cash flow hedge the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate swap included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from AOCI to current period earnings (net interest income) in the same period that the hedged item affects earnings.

Citizens has entered into interest rate swap agreements designed to hedge a portion of the Company’s floating-rate assets and liabilities. All of these swaps are deemed highly effective cash flow hedges. The Company has also entered into certain interest rate option agreements that utilize interest rate floors and caps, or some combination thereof, providing the ability to hedge the variability in cash flows within different interest rate bands. Option premiums paid and received are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are amortized over the life of the instruments.

The following table presents the pre-tax net gains (losses) recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021
Amount of pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI	($145)	($1,806)	($66)
Amount of pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest income	(596)	(111)	183
Amount of pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense	—	(4)	(48)

Using the interest rate curve at December 31, 2023 with respect to cash flow hedge strategies, the Company estimates that approximately $914 million in pre-tax net losses will be reclassified from AOCI to net interest income over the next 12 months, including $460 million related to terminated swaps. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to December 31, 2023.

The Company offers derivatives to customers in connection with their risk management needs. These derivatives primarily consist of interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity derivative contracts. Market risk exposure from customer transactions is primarily managed by entering into a variety of hedging transactions with third-party dealers. Gains and losses on customer-related derivatives are reported in foreign exchange and derivatives products in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential mortgage loans that will be sold in the secondary market and the related loan commitments, which are considered derivatives, are accounted for at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the loans and related commitments due to interest rate risk are hedged with forward contracts to sell mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on the loans and related commitments, and the derivatives used to economically hedge them, are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Residential MSRs are accounted for at fair value. Derivatives utilized to hedge the fair value of residential MSRs include interest rate futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on residential MSRs and the related derivatives are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


	Amounts Recognized in Noninterest Income for the Year Ended December 31,			Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in millions)	2023	2022	2021
Economic hedge type:
Customer interest rate contracts	($505)	($2,027)	($374)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging interest rate risk	551	2,090	401	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer foreign exchange contracts	94	(180)	(207)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging foreign exchange risk	14	313	305	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer commodity contracts	(900)	1,121	779	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging commodity price risk	941	(1,097)	(770)	Foreign exchange and derivative products
Residential loan commitments	(34)	(284)	(208)	Mortgage banking fees
Derivatives hedging residential loan commitments and mortgage LHFS, at fair value	25	489	152	Mortgage banking fees
Derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs	(33)	(313)	(150)	Mortgage banking fees
Total	$153	$112	($72)