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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and notes included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the interim period results presented. These unaudited interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
Consolidation The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Citizens and its subsidiaries, including VIEs in which Citizens is a primary beneficiary. Investments in VIEs in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are not consolidated. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the ACL and the evaluation and measurement of goodwill impairment.
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year. Citizens defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. Renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date, except for renewals of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or FDMs, which are presented in the original vintage.
Citizens utilizes regulatory classification ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases. For more information on regulatory classification ratings see Note 6 in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.
For retail loans, Citizens utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data.
Variable Interest Entity
Citizens, in the normal course of business, engages in a variety of activities with entities that are considered VIEs, as defined by GAAP, with its variable interest arising from contractual, ownership or other monetary interests in the entity. A VIE typically does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. Citizens is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, and must consolidate it, if its variable interest provides it with the power to direct the activities that significantly impact the VIE and it has the right to receive benefits, or the obligation to absorb losses, that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Citizens considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of its involvement with the VIE to determine whether or not a variable interest held is significant to the VIE. Citizens assesses whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.
Transfers of financial assets in which the Company has not surrendered control over the transferred assets are accounted for as a secured borrowing with a pledge of collateral. Control is generally considered surrendered when 1) the transferred assets are legally isolated from the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy, 2) the transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets it received, with no condition that constrains the transferee from taking advantage of this right or that provides more than a trivial benefit to the Company, and 3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets. Judgment is required to assess whether the Company maintains effective control over transferred financial assets.