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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $165 million and $130 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 32.2% and 30.5%, respectively. Income tax expense was $423 million and $357 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 30.0% and 31.9%, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the effective tax rate compared favorably to the statutory rate of 35% primarily as a result of the impact of the settlement of certain state tax matters and permanent benefits from tax credits and tax-exempt income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the effective tax rate compared favorably to the statutory rate of 35% primarily as a result of permanent benefits from tax credits and tax-exempt income.
Deferred Tax Liability
At September 30, 2017, the Company reported a net deferred tax liability of $744 million, compared to $714 million as of December 31, 2016. The increase in the net deferred tax liability is primarily attributable to the tax effect of net unrealized gains on securities and derivatives arising during the period, partially offset by the tax effect of differences in the timing of deductions and income items for financial statement purposes versus taxable income purposes.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As a result of the settlement of certain state tax matters, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was reduced from $42 million as of December 31, 2016, to $7 million as of September 30, 2017.