10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM  _________ TO _________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-35810

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

 (Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

CALIFORNIA	95-3927330
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 1267 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA (Address of principal executive offices)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 93012 (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (805) 583-7744

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock	QBAK	The NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐     No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.   Yes ☐     No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. :

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☑ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financing accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐     No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of $5.82 on the NASDAQ Stock Market, as of June 28, 2019 was approximately $5.8 million.

As of March 9, 2020, there were 1,925,025 shares of common stock without par value outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

None

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

INDEX

PART I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	10
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	17
Item 2.	Properties	17
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	17
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	17
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	19
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	26
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	27
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	48
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	48
Item 9B.	Other Information	49
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	49
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	55
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	59
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	61
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	62
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	63
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	64
	Signatures	65

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("Reform Act"). Forward-looking statements inherently are subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which we cannot predict or quantify. Therefore, our actual results may differ materially and adversely from the results projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “ITEM 1A — Risk Factors,” and in “ITEM 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Words such as “believes,” “may,” “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” or “continues,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any such statements. Forward-looking statements contained within this document represent a good-faith assessment of Qualstar Corporation’s future performance for which management believes there is a reasonable basis. Qualstar Corporation disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein, except as may be required by law.

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PART I

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

Qualstar Corporation and its Subsidiaries (“Qualstar”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is organized into two strategic business segments, power solutions and data storage systems. Qualstar is a leading provider of data storage systems marketed under the Qualstar brand and of high efficiency and high-density power solutions marketed under the N2Power brand. Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in 1984 and operates four wholly owned subsidiaries. N2Power, Inc. was formed in 2017 to operate the Company’s power supply business. Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”) was created in 2014 to give the Company an engineering footprint in Singapore and better service our contract manufacturers and our Asian distribution partners and customers. On July 4, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Europe and Africa and on September 5, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Asia.

Qualstar’s N2Power branded power solutions products provide unique power solutions to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for a wide range of markets, including communications networking, industrial, gaming, test equipment, lighting, medical as well as other market applications. Data storage system products include highly scalable automated magnetic tape-based storage solutions that store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in the network computing environment and to provide solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information.

Our storage products are compatible with a wide range of storage management software solutions such as those offered by Xendata, IBM, EMC, CommVault and Veritas.  We offer products addressing the storage needs of the small and mid-size business market. In addition to storage products, we offer service and support programs for our customers.  

Our N2Power products provide high-efficiency and high-density AC/DC and DC/DC power solutions for a variety of applications including gaming products and data center technologies such as switches, routers, data storage, servers and networking communications equipment.   With a wide variety of feature-rich standard products and the ability to create custom and semi-custom products, we offer a comprehensive product line to OEMs that require high-value, high-efficiency power supplies to meet specific applications.

We sell our products globally through authorized resellers and directly to OEMs. N2Power utilizes contract manufacturers in Asia to produce our power solutions products. Qualstar storage products are manufactured by our OEM suppliers in other parts of the world and are configured to order at our facility in Camarillo, California.  

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DATA STORAGE INDUSTRY

 Background 

The data retention and archival storage markets are comprised of a few large suppliers and a number of medium and smaller companies that offer specialized products and capacity ranges.  Solutions include both disk based and tape-based systems and related software.

The proliferation of digital data, e-commerce, big data, digital media streaming, and data analysis has created exponential growth in the production of digital information. As regulators and companies require the longer retention of and access to archived data, the market for products to store that data cost-effectively is growing. We believe this trend will drive continued demand for tape-based data storage products.

Strategy

The primary objective of our storage business is to be a global leader in highly scalable, cost effective data retention and archival storage for the information technology markets.  To achieve this objective, we plan to:

● Continue to expand our sales channels and geographies. We have begun to accelerate the promotion of Qualstar storage solutions on a global basis and will continue to add resellers outside the US in addition to adding new domestic resellers.  

● Launch effective marketing campaigns that will increase market awareness of the Qualstar brand as well as reinforce tape’s role within the storage arena. We plan on advertising in select vertical markets to highlight the storage solutions Qualstar provides for those sectors. We also plan on attending trade shows with our partners in order to leverage both their coverage of their markets and their branding in the marketplace.

● Produce expandable storage solutions that deliver scalability within the data center and more effective capital spending for our customers.  Expandability is a key requirement for customers with rapidly growing capacity needs. Expandability enables customers to easily and quickly add more storage while providing a cost-effective solution that can be readily budgeted during their planning cycles.

● Expand our product line through private label offerings. We will continue to partner with other vertical solution providers to offer private label products.  In this way, we can provide customers with a broad product offering that expands beyond the product choices they have today.

● Explore adjacent technologies to expand our functionality and footprint in the IT market.  Historically, we have been focused on products offering tape-based data storage.  We will also explore partnerships with software and disk manufacturers when reasonable to offer a complete data storage solution.

● Expand our cost effective, service and support programs in international markets. We will investigate enhancing our service and support programs in international markets as we expand product sales in those regions.

Our Storage Solutions  

Today’s Linear Tape-Open (“LTO”) data storage solutions yield a compelling outcome for organizations struggling to cope with fast growing data, reliable data retention, and budgetary pressure. Qualstar offers LTO-based data storage devices for various vertically focused business units, including but not limited to, media and entertainment, oil and gas, high performance computing, education, telecom and life sciences.

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We deliver cost effective data protection and archival storage to small and mid-sized businesses, and to more complex small and mid-sized enterprise environments with stringent performance and data availability requirements.  We provide a variety of storage solutions with a wide range of data storage capacities.

Q Series - Tape based data storage devices

Qualstar offers a full range of entry level and mid-range data storage solutions for customers ranging from 10 Terabytes to 6.72 Petabytes. Our Q8, Q40, Q48 and scalable Q80 tape libraries satisfy the required data storage capacities as well as data transfer rates of entry level and mid-range customers.

RLS Series - Tape based data storage devices

These are our “Simply Reliable” robust tape libraries that are designed and manufactured in the United States to satisfy the data storage needs of mid-range customers. With built-in library enabled encryption, individual robots in each cabinet and elevator mechanism to transfer cartridges from one cabinet to other, these tape libraries offer robust data protection at a low cost of ownership. Ranging from 50 to 474 slots offer between 600 Terabytes and 5.69 Petabytes of data storage capacity and up to a 23.8 Terabytes per hour data transfer rate.

XLS Series - Enterprise class tape-based storage devices

XLS is Qualstar’s highly modular enterprise library system delivering intelligence, density, flexibility, scalability, and ease of use, coupled with our signature reliability and value. XLS features Compass Architecture™, an advanced robotics design that yields superior reliability and density. XLS can be expanded from 435 tapes in easy increments to over 11,700 tapes offering more than 140 Petabytes of data storage capacity. Our unique LRM (Library Resource Module) and MEM (Media Expansion Module) combination allows maximum density of 1368 Terabytes per square foot.

POWER SUPPLY INDUSTRY

Background

The power supply industry is comprised of a few large suppliers and a vast number of smaller companies that focus on specialized products and markets.  Currently, the power solutions market for our N2Power brand products include the servers, storage and network (“SSN”), industrial and transportation (“IND”), network power systems (“NPS”), medical, gaming and lighting markets.

We believe the following key trends will continue to drive demand for our power solutions products:

● Increasing amounts of power required by the communications infrastructure industry.  The proliferation of the internet, wireless communications, broadband applications, server and storage farms, data centers and their related infrastructures, and other new technologies have increased exponentially the amount of information transmitted around the world.  As a result, the push for higher bandwidth and more efficient and effective power solutions has been driving a faster replacement cycle for telecommunications equipment as well as strong infrastructure expansion.

● Increasing demand for high conversion efficiencies, high power density and digital power management.   Efforts to reduce energy consumption in the EU, the United States and Asia are increasing the demand for high conversion efficiencies and digital power control.  In addition, groups such as the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, consortium of companies that include Google, Intel, and other eco-conscious businesses and conservation organizations are promoting the development, deployment, and adoption of smart technologies that can both improve a computer’s power efficiency and reduce its energy consumption when inactive.  Because a large portion of electrical energy waste occurs during the power conversion process, power companies have an opportunity to reduce operating costs for the end user by improving conversion efficiency. Our AC/DC power supplies provide conversion efficiency ratings up to 93%. Our digital power control technologies allow us to achieve high levels of power conversion efficiency and control that are not possible with analog designs.  Higher conversion efficiencies help reduce overall power usage and thereby cut greenhouse gas emissions and total cost of infrastructure ownership.

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Strategy

Our primary objective in our power supply business is to be a global leader in high-efficiency, high-density power solutions for the data center equipment, medical, gaming, test equipment, transportation, industrial and telecommunications network power markets.  To achieve this objective, we plan to:

● Continue to expand our sales channels and geographies.  We promote the N2Power brand on a global basis and are targeting larger OEMs and distributers who have a presence in markets and geographies that we do not currently serve.

● Continue to increase volume with our current OEM customers.  Our OEM customers are constantly changing their products and introducing new products.  We are striving to become the supplier of choice within our OEM customer base to leverage our existing relationships and drive volume growth within the same sales channel.

● Continue to expand our footprint in the current markets we serve.  We are currently supporting the data center equipment, medical, gaming, test equipment, transportation, industrial and telecommunications systems markets.  We have secured several sizable OEM customers and are aiming to add new OEM customers in these markets.

● Expand our product line while continuing to strive for higher power levels and greater conversion efficiencies within a smaller footprint.   Minimizing space requirements within our customers’ products is critical, and as a result there is a continuing need for smaller packaging while delivering additional power.  Our product roadmap addresses these needs and our objective is to lead the industry with the greatest efficiency in the smallest footprint with the highest power available.  In this way, we can deliver advantages to our OEM customers as they leverage our technology in their product designs.

● Expand our product line through private label offerings.  We have identified a need for utilizing other manufacturers’ core products to complement our own, when we lack products in certain markets or at specific power levels. To achieve this, we will utilize our relationships with other power solutions manufacturers. 

● Organize our technology resources for fast time to market on derivative products. Our customers continually request derivative configurations of our existing products.  In order to serve this market effectively, we are organizing our engineering resources for fast turnaround on these designs to shorten our OEM customers’ design cycle, leading to faster time to market. 

Our Power Solution Products

We design, develop, manufacture and market our power solution products, whose purpose is to convert, regulate, purify, manage or distribute electrical power for electronic equipment.  Our products are used in a variety of applications and convert AC current from the power grid to DC current, or modify the voltage being delivered (DC to DC).  We typically target markets where high efficiency and power density are important to our customers.

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We sell standard, modified-standard and custom designed products.  Standard products are sold unmodified to our customers.  Modified-standard products are based on lightly modified versions of standard products.   Custom products are designed specifically to the customer’s specification and are not generally sold to other customers. Custom products may require non-recurring engineering and certification costs to bring the product to production. With our core competencies in both power and mechanical design, we are an Optimized Power Systems Manufacturer (OPSM), offering complete custom power assemblies that eliminate the need for our customers to purchase additional components to integrate our power supplies into their products.

CUSTOMERS

Our solution-focused product offerings are designed specifically for OEMs, information technology departments, and lower and middle market companies. We sell our storage products through our worldwide authorized distributor and reseller network. Power supplies are sold through distributors and direct through independent outside sales representatives. All of our products and services are designed and manufactured to address our customers’ stringent requirements and reliability standards. The following provides additional detail on our channels: 

● Storage reseller channel. Our reseller channel includes systems integrators, value-added resellers (“VARs”) and value-added distributors (“VADs”). Our resellers frequently package our products as part of a comprehensive data processing system or with other storage devices as complete storage subsystem. Our resellers frequently recommend our products as replacement solutions when customers’ systems are upgraded or bundle our products with storage management software specific to the end user's system. We support the reseller channel through our dedicated field sales representatives and technical support technicians.

● Storage OEM channel. OEM customers incorporate our storage products with their application software and other components to deliver a focused solution. Our products may or may not carry our label.

● N2Power OEM channel. We have supply agreements with the major power supply customers who incorporate our products into their server, gaming, network and industrial product offerings.

 We divide our worldwide sales into three geographical regions:

● The Americas: Mexico, United States, Canada, and South America;

● EMEA: Europe, the Middle East and Africa;

● APAC: Asia and Pacific countries.

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We support our customers in the Americas primarily through a network of trained distribution partners and representatives located throughout the region. We support our EMEA, APAC and other foreign customers through our distributors and resellers located throughout these regions.

Sales to customers outside of the United States represent a significant portion of our sales. International sales are subject to various risks and uncertainties. (See "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this report.) The following table sets forth foreign revenue by geographic area ($ in thousands):

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Foreign revenue:
EMEA	$	1,696		$	1,849
APAC		3,787			3,276
Other foreign revenue		56			147
	$	5,539		$	5,272
Foreign revenue as a percentage of total net revenue		41.2	%		43.1	%

We provide a full range of marketing materials for branded products, including product specifications, sales literature, and application notes. We also offer lead generation opportunities to key channel partners. Our sales management and engineering personnel provide support to the channel partners and visit potential customer sites to demonstrate the technical advantages of our products. We maintain press relations in the United States, and participate in trade shows worldwide.

CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT

Customer service and support are key elements of our company strategy and critical components of our commitment to making enterprise-class support and services available to companies of all sizes. Our technical support staff is trained to assist our customers with deployment and compatibility for any combination of hardware platforms, operating systems and backup, data protection and storage management software. Our application engineers assist with complex customer issues. We maintain global toll-free service and support phone lines and we also provide self-service and support through our website and email.

 Standard warranties include:

● Three-year standard limited warranty on our RLS and XLS tape library products;

● Two-year standard limited warranty on our “Q-Series” products;

● Optional 24/7 or next business day onsite service on our data storage products in many countries throughout the world; and

● Three-year return to factory warranty on our N2Power products.

ENGINEERING 

Our power supply engineering team work to improve our current products and create new products. Our engineers work closely with our customers to incorporate modifications for their specific project requirements. Our data storage business utilizes consultants for any engineering requirements.

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Our engineering efforts encompass both the USA and Singapore.  We have also formed strategic partnerships for supplementary engineering resources with third party companies to capture additional state-of-the-art technology driven power designs.  These partnerships allow us to increase our product breadth by releasing more standard and modified standard power solution products in the future.

We incurred engineering costs of $0.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and $0.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, representing 4.4%, and 4.1% of net revenues, respectively.

MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLIERS

We perform product assembly, integration and testing for our storage products at our facility in Camarillo, California, and formerly in Simi Valley, California. Our private label storage products are manufactured in various geographical locations by a select group of suppliers. Our N2Power branded products are manufactured in China at specifically qualified contract manufacturers.  We purchase tape drives, chassis, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, and all other major components from outside suppliers. We carefully select suppliers based on their ability to provide quality parts and components which meet technical specifications and volume requirements. We actively monitor these suppliers but we are subject to substantial risks associated with the performance of our suppliers. For certain components, we qualify a single source, which magnifies the risk of shortages and decreases our ability to negotiate with that supplier. See "If our suppliers fail to meet our component and manufacturing needs, it would delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations" under the heading "Risk Factors" in Part I, Section 1A of this report. 

COMPETITION 

The worldwide data storage market is highly competitive. Competitors vary in size from small start-ups to large multi-national corporations which may have substantially greater financial, engineering and marketing resources than us. In the tape automation market, we believe our primary competitors are International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM"), Oracle/StorageTek, Dell Inc., Hewlett Packard, Overland Storage, Spectra Logic and Quantum Corporation. Key competitive factors include product features, reliability, durability, scalability and price. Barriers to entry in tape automation are relatively high as this is an established industry that is capital intensive.

Our primary power supply competitors are Meanwell, Artesyn, TDK Lambda, XP Power and Bel Power. Key competitive factors in these markets include price, performance, functionality, availability, interoperability, connectivity, time to market, enhancements and total value of ownership. Barriers to entry for power supply products are high as the industry is capital intensive. 

The markets for all of our products are characterized by significant price competition and we anticipate that our products will continue to face substantial pricing pressure. 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 

We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect our proprietary rights. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, competition in our businesses is significant. We believe that, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the tape storage and power supply industries, patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection are less significant than factors such as market responsiveness, knowledge, ability, the experience of our personnel, and timely new product introductions. 

We enter into Employee Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreements with all employees and consultants to protect our technology and designs.

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EMPLOYEES 

As of December 31, 2019, we had 16 employees worldwide, 15 full-time and 1 part-time. We also employ a small number of consultants and temporary employees as needed. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements or other similar agreements. We believe that we have a good relationship with our employees.   

AVAILABILITY OF SEC FILINGS 

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports, proxy statements and other information may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Our website addresses are www.qualstar.com and www.n2power.com. Information contained on our web site is not part of this report on Form 10-K or our other filings with the SEC.  

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 

Our future results of operations are subject to risks and uncertainties over which we have limited control, and which could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations. We are subject to all of the business risks facing manufacturing companies, including business cycles and trends in the general economy, financial market conditions, unpredicted cost variances in raw materials and purchased components, demand variations and volatility, potential loss of key personnel, supply chain disruptions, government legislation and regulation, and natural causes. The following list of risk factors is not all-inclusive. Other factors and unanticipated events could adversely affect our financial position or results of operations. We believe that the most significant potential risk factors that could adversely impact us are the following:  

We have had a history of operating losses and we may not sustain profitability. 

The Company achieved operating profitability in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.  In 2019, the Company experienced a small operating loss, and prior to 2017, the Company had a history of operating losses since fiscal year ended June 30, 2004. There is no assurance that management can achieve or sustain profitability.

Public health threats could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

Public health threats could adversely affect our ongoing or planned business operations. In particular, the outbreak in December 2019 of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China has resulted in quarantines, restrictions on travel and other business and economic disruptions. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any of the third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, distributers, resellers and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were to experience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materially and adversely impacted.

We face intense industry competition, price erosion and product obsolescence, which, in turn, could reduce our operating results. 

We operate in an industry that is generally characterized by intense competition and rapid technological change. We believe that the principal bases of competition in our markets are breadth of product line, quality of products, stability, reliability and reputation of the provider, along with cost. Quantity discounts, price erosion, and rapid product obsolescence due to technological improvements are therefore common in our industry as competitors strive to retain or expand market share. Product obsolescence can lead to increases in unsellable inventory that may need to be written off and therefore could reduce our operating results. Similarly, price erosion can reduce our operating results by decreasing our revenues and our gross margins.

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Our long-term operating results depend substantially upon our ability to continually develop, introduce, and market new and innovative products, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change, and to customize certain products to meet customer requirements. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely fashion to satisfy customer demands, which could result in a decrease in our net sales and a loss of market share to our competitors. Historically, we have had write-offs of excess and obsolete inventory which negatively impacted our results of operations. In the future, excess or obsolete inventory may need to be written off, and this in turn could reduce our operating results.

Changes in demand or downturns in the markets we serve could affect our business and operating results.

The industries into which we market and sell our products are cyclical and may experience downturns. These industries also experience volatility, and future volatility as well as downturns, or any failure of these industries to recover from downturns, could materially harm our business and operating results. Likewise, if we have difficulty managing growth in our businesses, it could materially and adversely affect us. In addition, our business and financial position may be adversely affected by current and future economic conditions that cause a decline in business and consumer spending in the markets served by our or our customers’ products.

Our operating results may be impaired if demand for our technology declines or fails to develop as we expect. 

We will continue to be subject to the risk of a decrease in revenues if demand for our products declines or if rising prices make it more difficult to sell them. If products incorporating other technologies gain comparable or superior market acceptance and competitive price advantage, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely and materially affected unless we successfully develop and market products incorporating the new technology. 

Our principal competitors devote greater financial resources to developing, marketing and selling their products. Consequently, we may be unable to maintain or increase our market share. 

We face significant competition in developing and selling our products. Rapid and ongoing changes in technology and product standards could quickly render our products less competitive, or even obsolete. We have significantly fewer financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and other resources than many of our competitors and these limited resources may impair the operating results of our business in many ways. For example, in the past our competitors have offered wider ranges of products, expanded the geographic scope of their markets, acquired other companies, and developed or acquired proprietary technologies that operate in conjunction with their products.   

 In the future, our competitors may leverage their greater resources to: 

● develop, manufacture and market products that are less expensive or technologically superior to ours;

● reach a wider array of potential customers through a broader range of marketing and distribution channels;

● respond more quickly to new or changing technologies, customer requirements and standards; or

● reduce prices in order to preserve or gain market share.

We believe competitive pressures are likely to continue. We cannot guarantee that our resources will be sufficient to address this competition or that we will manage costs and adopt strategies capable of effectively utilizing our resources. If we are unable to respond to competitive pressures successfully, our prices and profit margins may fall and our market share may decrease.

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We rely on indirect sales channels to market and sell our branded storage products and both direct and indirect sales channels to market and sell our branded power solutions products. A loss of or deterioration in our relationship with one or more of our resellers or distributors, or our inability to establish new indirect sales channels to drive growth of our products could negatively affect our operating results. 

We sell the majority of our branded storage products to value-added resellers, who in turn sell our products to end users. In some cases, resellers integrate our tape libraries with products of other manufacturers and sell the combined products to their own customers. We sell our branded power solution products both direct to OEM customers (or their contract manufacturers) and to our distribution channel who in turn sell our products to OEM customers. The success of these sales channels is hard to predict, particularly over time, and we have no purchase commitments or long-term orders from them that assure us of any baseline sales through these channels. Several of our resellers and distributors carry competing product lines that they may promote over our products, which may negatively impact our sales. A reseller or distributor might not continue to purchase our products or market them effectively, and each reseller or distributor determines the type and amount of our products that it will purchase from us and the pricing of the products that it sells to their customers. Establishing new indirect sales channels globally is an important part of our strategy to drive growth of our revenue.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by any number of factors including: 

● A change in competitive strategy that adversely affects a reseller’s or distributor’s willingness or ability to distribute our products;

● Reaching fewer customers or losing sales due to ineffective efforts of resellers and distributors;

● Reduced margins and increased costs associated with channel sales;

● An inability to gain traction in developing new indirect sales channels for our branded products;

● Any financial difficulties of our resellers, authorized distributors or direct OEM customers that result in their inability to pay amounts owed to us;

● Changes in requirements or programs that allow our products to be sold by third parties to government customers; or

● Changes in product requirements or certification programs that limit our ability for our products to be sold in our established current markets.

We do not have any exclusive agreements with our VARs or distributors who purchase our products on an individual purchase order basis. If we lose important VARs or distributors, or if they reduce their focus on our products or if we are unable to obtain additional VARs, our business could be negatively affected.

If our suppliers fail to meet our component and manufacturing needs, it could delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations. 

Our products comprise many components and subassemblies produced by outside suppliers. We depend greatly on these suppliers for items that are essential to the manufacture of our products, including tape drives, printed circuit boards and integrated circuits. For certain items, we qualify only a single source, which magnifies the risk of shortages and decreases our ability to negotiate with that supplier on the basis of price. From time to time, we have been unable to obtain sufficient components that we have needed due to shortages or quality issues from some of our suppliers. If our suppliers fail to meet our manufacturing needs, it would delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations. 

We also rely on software vendors to develop and support software needed for operation of our automated tape library products and their integration into the user’s computing environment. Accordingly, the continued development and future growth of the market for our tape library products will depend partly upon the ability of these vendors to meet the overall data storage and management needs of tape library purchasers and our ability to maintain relationships with these firms.

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The primary suppliers of our N2Power power supplies are located in China. If a manufacturer should be unable to deliver products to us on a timely basis or at all, our power supply business could be adversely affected. Though we have had many years of favorable experience with these suppliers, there can be no assurance that circumstances might not change and compel one or more of these suppliers to curtail or terminate deliveries to us. Moreover, the use of contract manufacturers to provide our power supplies typically requires that we place production orders several months in advance of our expected need for the products. This in turn leads to risks that we may lack sufficient inventory to sell to our customers where our expectations were conservative, or that we may order excess product inventory where our expectations were optimistic. We have in the past, experienced shortages of some parts needed to manufacture our power supplies.

As our primary supplier is in China, issues such as natural disasters or government directed closures may adversely affect our ability to deliver product in a timely manner to our customers. The recent extension by the Chinese government of the Lunar New Year holiday to curb the spread of the Coronavirus has disrupted the supply chain for global markets and may materially and adversely impact the supply of components used in our products.

If we fail to develop and introduce new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if our products do not contain the features required by the marketplace, we may eventually lose market share and sales to competitors. 

The market for our products is characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards. Our future results will depend on our ability to anticipate changes in technology, to develop new and enhanced products on a timely and cost-effective basis, and to introduce, manufacture and achieve market acceptance of these new and enhanced products. With respect to our tape library products in particular, the introduction of new storage technologies or the adoption of an industry standard different from our current product standards could render our existing products obsolete.

Development schedules for high technology products are inherently subject to uncertainty and there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet our product development schedules or that our development costs will be within budgeted amounts. If the products or product enhancements developed are not deliverable due to technical problems, quality issues or component shortages, or if such products or product enhancements are not accepted by the marketplace or are unreliable, then our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. 

If we fail to protect our intellectual property or if others use our proprietary technology without authorization, our competitive position may suffer. 

We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret, and other intellectual property laws and various contract rights to protect our proprietary rights. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, however, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our products or technology. As a consequence, these rights may not preclude competitors from developing products that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products. In addition, many aspects of our products are not subject to intellectual property protection and therefore can be reproduced by others. 

Undetected manufacturing flaws could increase our costs, reduce our revenues and divert resources from our core business needs. 

Despite our efforts to revise and update our manufacturing and test processes to address engineering and component changes, we may not be able to control and eliminate manufacturing flaws adequately. These flaws may include undetected software or hardware defects associated with a newly introduced product, a new version of an existing product, or a product that has been integrated into a system or apparatus with the products of other vendors. If we fail to adequately monitor, develop and implement appropriate test and manufacturing processes we could experience a rate of product failure that results in substantial shipment delays, warranty costs or damage to our reputation. Product flaws may also consume our limited engineering resources and interrupt our development efforts. Significant product failures would increase our costs and result in the loss of future sales and be harmful to our business.

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Much of our business is subject to risks associated with operations in foreign countries. 

We generate a significant percentage of our revenue internationally, and we believe that international sales will continue to represent a substantial portion of our revenues. In addition, our manufacturing of power supply products is performed by contract manufacturers in Asia. We face risks that the countries in which we conduct business, or in which we have customers, suppliers, or contract manufacturers could:

● Experience financial, economic or political instability;

● Adopt laws that make the enforcement of our contractual or other legal rights and remedies difficult or uncertain;

● Provide inadequate intellectual property protection for our technology;

● Impose restrictions on the export or import of technology that would affect our ability to obtain supplies from, or sell products into, such countries;

● Impose tariffs, quotas, taxes, other market barriers;

● Impose other laws, regulations or policies adversely affecting trade, investment or taxes, including those relating to the repatriation of funds and to withholding taxes; or

● Experience business closures due to health threats or natural disasters.

Other risks and costs associated with international operations include:

● Currency exchange risk, to the extent that exchange rate fluctuations could make our products unaffordable to foreign purchasers or more expensive compared to those of foreign manufacturers;

● Compliance with laws and regulations in various regions in which we operate;

● Greater difficulty and longer delays in collecting accounts receivable from international customers; or

● Increased risk of shipping disruptions particularly in foreign countries experiencing political instability.

Change of board and senior management, and retention of key personnel. 

Turnover in key management positions could temporarily harm our financial performance and results of operations. Loss of certain members of our senior management may disrupt operations and relations with key customers and distributors and our operating results could be adversely affected. Our capacity to develop and implement new technologies depends on our ability to employ personnel with highly technical skills. If we cannot attract and retain key technical personnel, our technical expertise may suffer, and our operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, it could be difficult, time consuming and expensive to replace any key management member or other critical personnel and no guarantee exists that we will be able to recruit suitable replacements or assimilate new key management personnel into our organization to achieve our operating objectives. 

Intellectual property infringement claims brought against us could result in a substantial liability and significant costs, and as a result, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. 

From time to time, we may become subject to claims or inquiries regarding an alleged unauthorized use by us of another party’s intellectual property. While we currently believe the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to any such actions will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, the ultimate outcome of any license discussion or litigation is uncertain. Adverse resolution of any infringement claim could subject us to substantial liabilities and require us to refrain from manufacturing and selling certain products. In addition, the costs incurred in intellectual property litigation can be substantial, regardless of the outcome. As a result, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

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Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter to quarter, which may in turn affect our stock price. 

Our quarterly revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past, and are likely to vary in the future due to the various factors discussed above and others, including: 

● General economic conditions affecting spending and the rates of growth or decline in the markets we serve;

● Variations in product order backlogs, and reductions in the size, delays in the timing, or cancellation of significant customer orders;

● The timing of introductions and marketplace acceptance of new or enhanced products by us or our competitors;

● Expansions or reductions in our relationships with distributors, VARs or OEM customers;

● Unprofitable investments in engineering activities, or sales evaluation, testing, and acceptance processes;

● Unforeseen warranty costs that exceed established reserves;

● Timing and levels of our operating expenses; or

● Emerging new technologies that change the nature of or need for our products.

We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not necessarily be reliable indicators of our future performance. It is likely that in some future period our operating results will not meet your expectations or those of public market analysts. Any unanticipated change in revenues or operating results is likely to cause our stock price to fluctuate since such changes reflect new information available to investors and analysts. New information may cause investors and analysts to revalue our stock and this, in the aggregate, may cause fluctuations in our stock price.

Trading in our stock has historically been limited and our stock price has been volatile, which may affect your ability to sell your shares. 

The average trading volume in our stock has been historically low, with little or no trading at all on some days. This, as well as the factors listed below, has caused the price of our stock to be volatile. Consequently, it may be difficult to sell your shares of our stock at the price you paid for them or at a price equal to that quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market. Factors that may cause our stock price to fluctuate in the future include: 

● Quarterly variations in operating results, especially if they differ from our previously announced forecasts or forecasts made by analysts;

● Announcements by us of anticipated future revenues or operating results, or by others concerning us, our competitors, our customers, or our industry;

● The introduction of new technology or products by us or our competitors;

● Comments about us and the data storage or power supply markets made by industry analysts or on Internet comment sites; or

● Changes in earnings estimates by analysts or changes in accounting policies; in product pricing policies by us or our competitors; or in general economic conditions.

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In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume volatility recently. This volatility has had a substantial effect on the market prices of securities of many smaller public companies for reasons frequently unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the specific companies. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and California law may hinder or prevent a change in control of our company.

Certain provisions of our charter documents could make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of the Company. For example, our articles of incorporation and bylaws require that stockholders must timely inform our corporate secretary before a stockholders' meeting if they wish to nominate directors or submit proposals for shareholder approval and contain provisions that eliminate cumulative voting in the election of directors. In addition, subject to the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, our board of directors has the authority, without any action by the shareholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights and preferences of such shares. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price and may adversely affect the market price, and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

Our success depends in part on our CEO, who simultaneously leads other public corporations.

Steven N. Bronson, our Chief Executive Officer and President, simultaneously serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (NASDAQ: LINK) and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of BKF Capital Group, Inc. (OTCMKTS: BKFG). As a result, he divides his time among these companies and does not devote his full business time and attention to Qualstar’s business. Mr. Bronson currently works on average approximately 20 to 30 hours per week for Qualstar. There can be no assurance, however, that the amount of time Mr. Bronson devotes to our Company will not diminish from time to time for limited or extended periods as his other business obligations require a greater portion of his attention. Mr. Bronson is not required to spend a minimum amount of time on Qualstar business. Our continued success depends in part upon the availability and performance of Mr. Bronson, who possesses unique and extensive industry knowledge and experience as well as a deep understanding of our business and strategy. A reduction in Mr. Bronson’s services to Qualstar from their current levels due to his obligations to Interlink Electronics, BKF Capital or other organizations with which he is affiliated could have a disruptive effect, adversely impacting our ability to manage our business effectively and execute our business strategy.

Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries, including changes in trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The United States government has indicated and demonstrated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and termination, of certain existing bilateral and multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with, and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from, China and other countries. Given our primary contract manufacturer and a significant product supplier is located in China, and we have limited manufacturing elsewhere, policy changes in the United States or other countries, such as the tariffs already proposed, implemented and threatened, present particular risks for us. Tariffs already announced and implemented, and future tariffs may have an adverse effect on certain of our products. We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. A trade war could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the cost or gross margin of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished. If we deem it necessary to alter all or a portion of our activities or operations in response to such policies, agreements or tariffs, our capital and operating costs may increase. Our ongoing efforts to address these risks may not be effective and may have long-term adverse effects on our operations and operating results that we may not be able to reverse. Such efforts may also take time to implement or to have effect, and may result in adverse quarterly financial results or fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. As a result, changes in international trade policy, changes in trade agreements and tariffs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES 

Qualstar headquarters is located in Camarillo, California. The facility is 9,910 square feet and is a 5 year and two-month lease, beginning June 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The rent on this facility is $9,910 per month with a 3% step-up annually and an option to renew the lease for two 36 month periods.

Qualstar leases a 15,160 square foot facility located in Simi Valley, California. The three-year lease began December 15, 2014 and has been renewed for an additional three years, expiring February 28, 2021. Rent on this facility is $11,400 per month. On May 22, 2019, Qualstar entered into a sublease for the Simi Valley location, which previously served as Qualstar’s corporate headquarters and principal executive office. The term of the sublease commenced on July 15, 2019 and ends on February 28, 2021 (the “Term”). The base rent under the Sublease is approximately $13,000 per month.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, Qualstar also leased approximately 5,400 square feet of office space in Westlake Village, California.  The lease expired on January 31, 2020, and will not be renewed. Rent on this facility was $11,000 per month, with a step-up of 3% annually. Effective March 21, 2016, Qualstar entered into a sublease agreement for the Westlake Village facility. The term of the sublease expired at the same time as the term of the master lease and the tenant paid Qualstar $12,000 per month with a step-up of 3% annually.

Qualstar leases a facility in Singapore with 1,359 square feet for our power supply engineering staff. The two-year lease was effective April 1, 2016 and renewed for two years, expiring March 31, 2020. Rent for this facility is $2,600 per month. The lease will not be renewed.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Qualstar is subject to a variety of claims and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a materially adverse impact on our financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. We accrue loss contingencies in connection with our commitments and contingencies, including litigation, when it is probable that a loss has occurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2019, no accrual was necessary for fees and costs related to loss contingency matters.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Qualstar’s common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market or NASDAQ (Symbol — QBAK).

Holders

There were approximately 21 owners of record of Qualstar’s common stock as of March 9, 2020, not including beneficial owners who own their stock in street name through Cede & Co. and others.

Dividend Policy

No dividends were declared in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon, among many other factors, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and any contractual restrictions.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

None

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On December 5, 2018, the board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The program permitted repurchases of up to a maximum aggregate purchase price of $2,400,000 and the number of shares of common stock repurchased was not to exceed 409,000. The program expired December 5, 2019. The following table presents the information about purchases by Qualstar of its common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2019:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total number of shares purchased as a result of publicly announced plans or programs		Maximum or approximate dollar value of shares yet to be purchased under the plans or programs
October 1, 2019 to October 31, 2019		6,900	$	5.464		140,166	$	1,633,810
November 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019		5,638	$	5.522		145,804	$	1,596,120
December 1, 2019 to December 5, 2019		2,289	$	5.678		148,093	$	1,565,097

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SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table provides additional information regarding Qualstar’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019:

Plan category	(a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1)		(b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1)		(c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		161,333	$	7.17		138,667
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		—		—		—
Totals		161,333	$	7.17		138,667

(1) Includes shares subject to stock options granted under the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2019. The 2008 Stock Incentive Plan has expired and no further options may be granted under the plan. 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements included later in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”

OVERVIEW

Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in 1984. Qualstar manufactures and sells automated tape libraries used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data under its Qualstar brand. Tape libraries consist of cartridge tape drives, tape cartridges and robotics to move the tape cartridges from their storage locations to the tape drives under software control. Qualstar’s tape libraries provide storage solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information. Qualstar’s subsidiary, N2Power, Inc., designs, develops, manufactures and sells high efficiency AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies under the N2Power brand name.

Qualstar has developed a business plan to establish worldwide partnerships with other power supply and data storage related companies that will increase our engineering capabilities to develop new products and enable us to ‘private label’ and sell already established strategic products that fit within our portfolio of products.

Qualstar established a Singapore subsidiary in 2014, Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”), in furtherance of its plan to establish a power supply engineering footprint in Asia. QC Singapore has allowed us to hire strategic engineering personnel to assist in sustaining our current power products and for new product development. QC Singapore has helped us in servicing our Asian customers and allows us to enter into relationships with various Singapore technical schools that have a strong history of working with local businesses in development of new breakthrough technologies.

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Qualstar has established two additional subsidiaries to aid the Company’s global expansion goals. On July 4, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to support Qualstar’s data storage business in Europe, Middle East and Africa. On September 5, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to assist the Company’s data storage business growth in the Asia Pacific region.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to loss contingencies, product life cycles and inventory obsolescence, bad debts, sales returns, warranty costs, share-based compensation forfeiture rates, and the potential outcome of future tax consequences. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. 

 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The five-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment.  In limited circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. We derive revenues from two primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the shipment of product according to the agreement with our customers for data storage products and power supplies. Services include customer support (technical support), installations, consulting, and design services. A contract may include both product and services. Rarely, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis.

We provide product warranties with varying lengths of time and terms. The product warranties are considered to be assurance-type in nature and do not cover anything beyond ensuring that the product is functioning as intended. Based on the guidance in ASC 606, assurance-type warranties do not represent separate performance obligations. We also sell separately priced maintenance service contracts which qualify as service-type warranties and represent separate performance obligations. We have historically experienced a low rate of product returns under the warranty program.

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A variety of technical services can be contracted by our customers for a designated period of time. The service contracts allow customers to call Qualstar for technical support, replace defective parts and to have onsite service provided by Qualstar’s third party contract service provider. We record revenue for contract services at the amount of the service contract, but such amount is deferred at the beginning of the service term and amortized ratably over the life of the contract.

Our professional services include consulting, engineer and design services. Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on progress toward completion of the performance obligation. The method to measure progress toward completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the input method to measure progress for its contracts because it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer, which occurs as the Company incurs costs for the contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill these obligations include labor and subcontractor costs.

One of the Company’s contracts includes variable consideration that is constrained because the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts. The Company uses an expected value method to estimate the amount of variable consideration in this contract.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not disclose information about the transaction price that is unsatisfied as of December 31, 2019, because the transaction price only includes variable consideration that is constrained.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts where the period between when the Company transfers service and when the customer pays is one year or less.

Deferred service revenue is shown separately in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as current and long term.  At December 31, 2019 we had deferred service revenue of approximately $949,000.  At December 31, 2018, we had deferred service revenue of approximately $863,000.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We measure fair value on all financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least quarterly). See “Note 1 – Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts based on an assessment of the collectability of specific accounts and the overall condition of accounts receivable. In evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze specific trade receivables, historical bad debts, customer credits, customer credit worthiness and changes in customers’ payment terms and patterns. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make additional payments, then we may need to make additional allowances. Likewise, if we determine that we could realize more of our receivables in the future than previously estimated, we would adjust the allowance to increase income in the period we made this determination.

Inventory Valuation

We record inventories at the lower of cost or market value on a first in first out basis. We assess the value of our inventories periodically based upon numerous factors including expected product or material demand, current market conditions, technological obsolescence, current cost and net realizable value. If necessary, we write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence, potential shrinkage, or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If technology changes more rapidly than expected, or market conditions become less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

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Warranty Obligations

We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. We engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including active monitoring and evaluation of product failure rates, material usage and estimation of service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. However, should actual product failure rates, material usage, or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Historically our warranty costs have not been significant. 

Legal and Other Contingencies

The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. When legal costs that the entity expects to incur in defending itself in connection with a loss contingency accrual are expected to be material, the loss should factor in all costs and, if the legal costs are reasonably estimable, they should be accrued regardless of whether a liability can be estimated for the contingency itself. Disclosure of a contingency is required if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss has been incurred. Changes in these factors could materially impact our financial statements. 

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation is accounted for at fair value over the vesting period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine fair value of the award at the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. The inputs we use for the model require the use of judgment, estimates and assumptions regarding the expected volatility of the stock, the expected term the average employee will hold the option prior to the date of exercise, expected future dividends, and the number of share-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. Changes in these inputs and assumptions could occur and actual results could differ from these estimates, and our results of operations could be materially impacted. 

Accounting for Income Taxes

We estimate our tax liability based on current tax laws in the statutory jurisdictions in which we operate. These estimates include judgments about deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for tax purposes, as well as about the realization of deferred tax assets.  We may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures.

We maintain a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of realizing the benefits of net deferred tax assets in future years. We have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for such a valuation allowance. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, the valuation allowance would be decreased accordingly.

We may periodically undergo examinations by the federal and state regulatory authorities and the Internal Revenue Service. We may be assessed additional taxes and/or penalties contingent on the outcome of these examinations. Our previous examinations have not resulted in any unfavorable or significant assessments.

The Company has net operating loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $30.6 million and net operating loss carry forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $19.0 million. The Company has engineering and other credits for tax purposes of $2.6 million. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss will start to expire beginning in 2026 and other tax credit carry forwards will start to expire beginning in 2024. If not utilized, the state net operating loss carry-forward as of December 31, 2019 will expire beginning in 2020. The state engineering credit has no limit on the carry-forward period.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Recent Accounting Guidance in “Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table reflects, as a percentage of net revenues, consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated. The table summarizes the revenue for the Company’s two business segments, data storage and power supplies, as discussed in Note 11 of our consolidated financial statements, in thousands.

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019					2018
Power supply revenues	$	5,079		37.8	%	$	5,927	48.5	%
Storage revenues:
Product		4,194		31.2	%		3,111	25.4	%
Service		4,166		31.0	%		3,191	26.1	%
Total storage revenues		8,360		62.2	%		6,302	51.5	%
Net revenues		13,439		100.0	%		12,229	100.0	%
Cost of goods sold		9,916		73.8	%		7,184	58.7	%
Gross profit		3,523		26.2	%		5,045	41.3	%
Operating expenses:
Engineering		588		4.4	%		502	4.1	%
Sales and marketing		1,397		10.4	%		1,337	10.9	%
General and administrative		1,608		12.0	%		1,716	14.0	%
Total operating expenses		3,593		26.7	%		3,555	29.1	%
Income (loss) from operations		(70	)	(0.5	)%		1,490	12.2	%
Other income		45		0.3	%		-	-	%
Income (loss) before income taxes		(25	)	(0.2	)%		1,490	12.2	%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(18	)	(0.1	)%		4	0.0	%
Net income (loss)	$	(7	)	(0.1	)%	$	1,486	12.2	%

Comparison of the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

Change in Net Revenues:  

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					Change
	Amount		% of net revenue			Amount		% of net revenue			Amount			%
Power supply revenues	$	5,079		37.8	%	$	5,927		48.5	%	$	(848	)		(14.3	)%
Storage revenues		8,360		62.2	%		6,302		51.5	%		2,058			32.7	%
Net revenues	$	13,439		100.0	%	$	12,229		100.0	%	$	1,210			9.9	%

The increase in net revenues is attributed to the segment-specific factors as set forth below.

23

Segment Revenue 

Power Supplies – The decrease in sales is attributed to decreased demand from our existing customers. Key customers that incorporate our power supplies have variable life cycles and production demands. As some projects are accelerating and others approach end of life, the timing of new production creates a fluctuation in sales.

Storage – For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period, we experienced revenue growth from the sale of both products and services in our data storage segment. The increase in product revenues is attributed to new vertical channel partnerships focused on media and entertainment, digital forensics, eDiscovery and video surveillance markets. With the release of the LTO8 (Linear Tape-Open) tape technology and the capacity of tape libraries increasing by 100%, the Company has seen a shift in sales to entry level and mid-size libraries. Our Q-Series product portfolio caters to the entry level and mid-size market requirements. Our service revenue increased compared to the previous year, primarily due to the product development service revenue received from our partnership with Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (“Sony”) for the development of an enterprise class optical disk archive (“ODA”) library offset with a decrease in our technical support revenue. In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, Qualstar provided a notice of termination to Sony and completed its remaining obligations under its contract with Sony.

Our first quarter of 2020 has been impacted by the extended Chinese New Year holiday and the unprecedented change in the global business environment brought on by COVID-19. At this time, in our power supply business, we are experiencing a delay in shipping dates to our customers, as our subcontracted manufacturers rebuild to full capacity. Although the Company has experienced few cancellations at this time, the Company is also seeing customers delay orders in both business segments as they reassess their needs.  At this time, it is difficult for us to predict the impact these events will have on our future revenue.

Gross Profit: 

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					Change
	Amount		% of net revenue			Amount		% of net revenue			Amount			%
Gross profit	$	3,523		26.2	%	$	5,045		41.3	%	$	(1,522	)		30.2	%

The Company experienced a decrease in gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year in both of its business segments. Power supply gross profit declined primarily due to a $268,000 one-time charge related to the write down of inventory repurchased from a terminated contract manufacturer. Data Storage gross profit decreased primarily as a result of our arrangement with Sony that limited our gross profit. Our arrangement with Sony mandated different levels of gross profit during our project. During the year ended December 31, 2019 the allowed gross profit limit was 10% compared to the prior year that was not restricted.

Operating Expenses:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					Change
	Amount		% of net revenue			Amount		% of net revenue			Amount			%
Engineering	$	588		4.4	%	$	502		4.1	%	$	86			17.1	%
Sales and marketing	$	1,397		10.4	%	$	1,337		10.9	%	$	60			4.5	%
General and administrative	$	1,608		12.0	%	$	1,716		14.0	%	$	(108	)		(6.3	)%

Engineering

Engineering expenses slightly increased in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, as a result of the increase in compliance costs in our power supply business related to a new requirement issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

24

Sales and Marketing 

Sales and marketing expenses remained flat during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, we added international sales consultants and marketing consultants in an effort to increase our revenues. 

General and Administrative 

General and administrative costs decreased for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to the decrease in legal and professional fees.

Provision (benefit) for Income Taxes:  

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a $18,000 tax benefit and $4,000 tax provision, respectively, relating to state income taxes. The Company had a current year taxable income prior to taking into account net operating loss carryforwards for both federal and state purposes. For federal purposes, after taking into account the benefit of net operating loss carryforwards, no provision for federal taxes was necessary for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. For state tax purposes, after taking into account the benefit of state net operating loss carryforwards, only a small provision for state income tax was necessary, primarily due to minimum taxes in various states in which the Company has a taxable presence.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash used in operating activities was $0.1 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to $0.2 million of cash provided in the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. The decline in cash provided by operations in 2019 was primarily related to the changes in assets and liabilities. In 2019, the Company had increased accounts receivables from the increase in data storage product sales during the last month of the year. Accounts receivables at December 31, 2019 were $2.4 million compared to approximately $1.8 million at December 31, 2018.

Cash used in investing activities was $85,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to $26,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Our investing activities primarily included warehouse racking and improvements for the new facility and new computer equipment and software.

Cash used in financing activities was $717,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 for the repurchase of common stock. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, cash used in financing activities was $54,000 for the repurchase of common stock offset with proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

The Company continues to focus on achieving profitability and improving cash flow.  By introducing private label products, we have been able to get similar or greater margins without developing new products ourselves, allowing for less headcount and product risk. These efforts and our increase in revenue have contributed to improvements in cash flow. In December 2018, the company implemented a stock buy-back plan to increase shareholder value which plan expired on December 5, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $3.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $100,000 in restricted cash used as collateral for our corporate credit cards. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least twelve months from the date of this report. We may utilize cash to invest in businesses, products or technologies that we believe are strategic. We periodically evaluate other companies and technologies for possible investment. In addition, we have made and may in the future make investments in companies with whom we have identified potential synergies. However, we have no present commitments or agreements with respect to any material investment in or acquisition of other businesses or technologies. In the event that we require additional capital to meet our business needs, there can be no assurance that additional funding will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms.

25

SUMMARY OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS

The following is a summary of our future payments due, offset by sublease income, under contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Contractual Obligations:	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 to 4 Years
Operating Leases	$	573	$	96	$	477

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

26

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

	Page
Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms	28
Consolidated Balance Sheets	29
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	30
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	31
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	32
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	33

27

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/RBSM LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Larkspur, CA

March 19, 2020

28

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	December 31,
	2019			2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,863		$	4,781
Restricted cash		100			100
Accounts receivable, net		2,366			1,809
Inventories, net		2,540			2,897
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		211			180
Total current assets		9,080			9,767
Property and equipment, net		122			112
Right-of-use		676			—
Other assets		160			119
Total assets	$	10,038		$	9,998
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,029		$	1,023
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		192			185
Deferred service revenue		702			736
Lease liabilities, short term		252			—
Other accrued liabilities		368			559
Total current liabilities		2,543			2,503
Other long-term liabilities		52			40
Lease liabilities, long term		453			—
Deferred service revenue, long term		247			127
Total long-term liabilities		752			167
Total liabilities		3,295			2,670
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)		—			—
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued		—			—
Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 1,925,025 and 2,030,017 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively		18,848			19,426
Accumulated deficit		(12,105	)		(12,098	)
Total shareholders’ equity		6,743			7,328
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	10,038		$	9,998

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

29

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Net revenues	$	13,439		$	12,229
Cost of goods sold		9,916			7,184
Gross profit		3,523			5,045
Operating expenses:
Engineering		588			502
Sales and marketing		1,397			1,337
General and administrative		1,608			1,716
Total operating expenses		3,593			3,555
Income (loss) from operations		(70	)		1,490
Other income		45			-
Income (loss) before income taxes		(25	)		1,490
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(18	)		4
Net income (loss)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.00		$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.00		$	0.72
Shares used to compute net income (loss) per share:
Basic		1,925			2,030
Diluted		1,925			2,057

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

30

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

	Common Stock						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Accumulated
	Shares			Amount			(Loss)		Deficit			Total
Balances at December 31, 2017		2,043		$	19,480		$	—	$	(13,584	)	$	5,896
Exercise of stock options		5			39			—		—			39
Stock repurchase		(18	)		(93	)		—		—			(93
Share-based compensation		—			—			—		—			—
Net income		—			—			—		1,486			1,486
Balances at December 31, 2018		2,030		$	19,426		$	—	$	(12,098	)	$	7,328
Exercise of stock options
Stock repurchase		(130	)		(717	)		—		—			(717	)
Share-based compensation		25			139			—		—			139
Net income (loss)		—			—			—		(7	)		(7	)
Balances at December 31, 2019		1,925		$	18,848			—	$	(12,105	)	$	6,743

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

31

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		45			86
Loss on disposal of assets		31			—
Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts, net		(16	)		3
Provision for inventory reserve		418			362
Share-based compensation		139			—
Amortization of right of use		(280	)		—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(541	)		(10	)
Inventories		(61	)		(1,695	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(73	)		(68	)
Accounts payable		6			(42	)
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		7			12
Deferred service revenue		86			(64	)
Lease liabilities		287			—
Other accrued liabilities		(157	)		93
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(116	)		163
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of equipment		(85	)		(26	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(85	)		(26	)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Purchase of common stock		(717	)		(93	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		—			39
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(717	)		(54	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents		(918	)		83
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,881			4,798
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	3,963		$	4,881
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	11		$	32

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

32

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Qualstar Corporation and its Subsidiaries (“Qualstar”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is organized into two strategic business segments, power solutions and data storage systems. Qualstar is a leading provider of data storage systems marketed under the Qualstar brand and of high efficiency and high-density power solutions marketed under the N2Power brand. Qualstar’s N2Power branded power solutions products provide unique power solutions to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for a wide range of markets, including communications networking, industrial, gaming, test equipment, lighting, medical as well as other market applications. Data storage system products include highly scalable automated magnetic tape-based storage solutions used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in the network computing environment and to provide solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information.

Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in 1984 and operates four subsidiaries. N2Power, Inc. was formed in 2017 to operate the Company’s power supply business and Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”) was created in 2014 to give the Company an engineering footprint in Singapore and better service our contract manufacturers and our Asian distribution partners and customers. Qualstar has established two additional subsidiaries to aid in the Company’s global expansion. On July 4, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Europe and Africa. On September 5, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Asia.  

We sell our products globally through authorized resellers, distributers, and directly to OEMs. N2Power utilizes contract manufacturers in Asia to produce our power solutions products. Our storage products are manufactured by our OEM suppliers in other parts of the world and configured to order by us at our facility in Camarillo, California.  

The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, N2Power, Inc., Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited, Qualstar Limited and Q-Smart Data Private Limited. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Principles

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Examples include estimates of loss contingencies, product life cycles and inventory obsolescence, bad debts, sales returns, warranty costs, share-based compensation forfeiture rates, the tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns and determining when investment impairments are other-than-temporary. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

33

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The five-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment.  In limited circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. We derive revenues from two primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the shipment of product according to the agreement with our customers for data storage products and power supplies. Services include customer support (technical support), installations, consulting, and design services. A contract may include both product and services. Rarely, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis.

A variety of technical services can be contracted by our customers for a designated period of time. The service contracts allow customers to call Qualstar for technical support, replace defective parts and to have onsite service provided by Qualstar’s third party contract service provider. We record revenue for contract services at the amount of the service contract, but such amount is deferred at the beginning of the service term and amortized ratably over the life of the contract.

At December 31, 2019, we had deferred revenue of approximately $949,000 and no deferred profit. At December 31, 2018, we had deferred revenue of approximately $863,000 and no deferred profit. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Qualstar classifies as cash equivalents only cash and those investments that are highly liquid, interest-earning investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.

Restricted Cash

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, $100,000 in cash is restricted for use as collateral for the Company’s credit cards.

Concentration of Credit Risk, Other Concentration Risks and Significant Customers

Qualstar sells its products primarily through value added resellers located worldwide. Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed by Qualstar, and generally, collateral is not required. Potential uncollectible accounts have been provided for in the financial statements.

We have no outstanding debt nor do we utilize auction rate securities or derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Cash and other investments may be in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

Our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. As all sales are currently made in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Sales outside North America represented approximately 58.8% of net revenues for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 43.1% of net revenues for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.

34

Revenues from Qualstar’s largest customer totaled approximately 23.5% and 12.6% of revenues for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2019, the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately 23.4% of net accounts receivable. At December 31, 2018, the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately 2.0% of net accounts receivable.

Suppliers

The primary suppliers of our power supplies segment, N2Power, are located in China. The primary suppliers of our tape storage products are located in California and Germany. If a manufacturer should be unable to deliver products to us in a timely basis or at all, our power supply or data storage business could be adversely affected. Though we have many years of favorable experience with these suppliers, there can be no assurance that circumstances might not change and compel a supplier to curtail or terminate deliveries to us.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands):

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions (1)			Balance at End of Period
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019	$	57	$	—	$	—	$	(17	)	$	40
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018	$	54	$	8	$	—	$	(5	)	$	57

(1) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.

Inventories, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Machinery and equipment (in years)	5	-	7
Furniture and fixtures (in years)	5	-	7
Leasehold Improvements (in years)	3	-	5
Computer equipment (in years)	3	-	5

Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or retirement of property or equipment, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

Qualstar reviews the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of any asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the amount of the loss to be recorded is based upon an estimate of the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition and other valuation methods. No impairment losses of long-lived assets were recognized during the periods presented.

35

Shipping and Handling Costs

Qualstar records all customer charges for outbound shipping and handling to freight revenue. All inbound and outbound shipping and fulfillment costs are classified as costs of goods sold.

Warranty Obligations

We provide a three-year advance replacement warranty on all XLS and RLS libraries and a two-year warranty on our Q-Series libraries. This includes replacement of components, or if necessary, complete libraries. XLS libraries sold in North America also include one year of onsite service. Customers may purchase on-site service if they are located in the United States, Canada, and selected countries in Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. All customers may purchase extended warranty service coverage upon expiration of the standard warranty.

We provide a three-year warranty on all power supplies that includes repair or if necessary, replacement of the power supply.

A provision for costs related to warranty expense is recorded when revenue is recognized, which is estimated based on historical warranty costs incurred. 

Activity in the liability for product warranty (included in other accrued liabilities) for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2019			2018
Beginning balance	$	365		$	322
Cost of warranty claims		(21	)		(15	)
Accruals for product warranties		(54	)		58
Ending balance	$	290		$	365

Engineering

All engineering costs are charged to expense as incurred. These costs consist primarily of engineering salaries, benefits, outside consultant fees, purchased parts and supplies directly involved in the design and development of new products, facilities and other internal costs.

Advertising

Advertising and promotion expenses include costs associated with direct and indirect marketing, trade shows and public relations. Qualstar expenses all costs of advertising and promotion as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $82,000 and $92,000, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

We determine fair value measurements based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, we follow the following fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) our own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs):

Level 1:  Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Level 2:  Other inputs observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroborated inputs; and

Level 3:  Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which requires the owner of the assets or liabilities to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price these assets or liabilities.

36

Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	3,863	$	-	$	-	$	3,863	$	3,863
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	3,963	$	-	$	-	$	3,963	$	3,963

	December 31, 2018
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	4,781	$	-	$	-	$	4,781	$	4,781
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	4,881	$	-	$	-	$	4,881	$	4,881

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period (vesting can be immediate or over a period of four years) of the stock award using the straight-line method.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carry forwards. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. A valuation allowance is established when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Earnings per Share

Basic net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of diluted common shares, which is inclusive of common stock equivalents from unexercised stock options.  Unexercised stock options are considered to be common stock equivalents if, using the treasury stock method, they are determined to be dilutive.

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Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent accounting guidance not yet adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify the accounting standard and improve the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. We intend to implement this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2021, however early adoption is permitted. we are currently assessing the impact this new accounting guidance will have on our financial statements.

Recent accounting guidance adopted 

FASB issued ASU 2016-02, ASU 2018-09, ASU 2018-10, 2018-11, and 2019-01 to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements and to provide guidance related to accounting for leases, such as the application of an implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification and certain transition adjustments. The Company elected ASU-11’s alternative transition approach of recording lease liabilities and right-of-use assets via a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, ASU 2018-09, ASU 2018-10, 2018-11 and 2019-0. The result is the recording of the lease liability and the right-of-use asset to the balance sheet and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 as a simplification for the accounting for non-employee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-07 and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 to provide guidance related to adjustments for deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the changes created by the U.S. federal government tax bill enacted December 22, 2017. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-02 and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Balance Sheet Details

Inventories, net

Inventories consist of the following, in thousands:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	199	$	136
Finished goods		2,341		2,761
Inventories, net	$	2,540	$	2,897

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Property and Equipment, net

The components of property and equipment are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Leasehold improvements	$	163		$	114
Furniture and fixtures		268			286
Machinery and equipment		609			844
Total property and equipment		1,040			1,244
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(918	)		(1,132	)
Property and equipment, net	$	122		$	112

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $45,000 and $85,000, respectively.

Accrued Payroll and Related Liabilities

The components of accrued payroll and related liabilities are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes	$	69	$	66
Accrued vacation		123		119
Accrued bonuses		-		-
Total accrued payroll and related liabilities	$	192	$	185

Other Accrued Liabilities

The components of other accrued liabilities are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued warranty	$	290	$	365
Accrued commissions		55		41
Accrued contingent legal fees		-		100
Accrued deferred rent		-		22
Other accrued liabilities		23		31
Total other accrued liabilities	$	368	$	559

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Note 3 – Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Current:
Federal (Net of a 2018 net operating loss benefit of $288)	$	—		$	—
State (Net of a 2018 and 2019 net operating loss benefit of $35 and $97, respectively)		7			3
Foreign		5			1
Provision for income taxes	$	12		$	4
Deferred:
Federal		—			—
State		(30	)		—
Deferred income tax	$	(30	)	$	—
Net income tax expense	$	(18	)	$	4

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to Qualstar’s effective income tax rate:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Statutory federal income tax benefit		21.0	%		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(7.9	)		6.6
Foreign income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(13.2	)		—
Deferred tax adjustment – NOL		42.6			—
Valuation allowance		8.2			(26.6	)
Other		0.2			(0.6	)
Effective income tax rate		50.9	%		0.4	%

The tax effect of temporary differences resulted in deferred income tax assets (liabilities) as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	7,734		$	7,675
Engineering credit carry forwards		1,920			1,919
Inventory reserves		503			558
Capital loss and other credit carry forwards		6			—
Allowance for bad debts and returns		13			16
Stock compensation		330			287
Capitalized inventory costs, stock compensation and other accuals		389			233
Total gross deferred tax assets		10,895			10,688
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		(10,686	)		(10,688	)
Net deferred tax assets		209			—
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and other		—			—
Right to use property		(179	)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities		(179	)		—
Net deferred taxes	$	30		$	—

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On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1 (the “Tax Act”), originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, was enacted in the United States. In addition to reducing the corporate tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018, the Tax Act contains many other tax provisions that affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities. The majority of these new provisions are also effective as of January 1, 2018, though there are a few that are effective during the 2017 calendar year. Although for 2017 the Company had federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) of approximately $12,000, the Tax Act eliminated the AMT effective January 1, 2018, and provides that any AMT credit carryforwards will be refunded. Accordingly, the 2017 AMT tax liability is being treated as a receivable, and was not treated as a current tax expense in 2017. In addition, the Tax Act provided new rules related to global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). The Tax Act provides that a U.S. shareholder of any controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) must include in taxable income its pro rata shares of GILTI income. The Company accounts for taxes related to GILTI as such income is incurred, however, currently, the Company’s share of GILTI income is immaterial.

As previously indicated, the Company records a valuation allowance against its net deferred income tax assets in accordance with ASC 740 “Income Taxes” when in management’s judgment, it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company placed a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. With the exception of a small amount of deferred California taxes, the Company continues to fully offset its deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance, despite generating income in 2018 and 2017 given the Company’s significant book losses prior to 2017 and the current year book and tax loss. With regard to California deferred tax assets, since Qualstar files on a separate company basis, and Qualstar generated book income for 2017 and 2018, and a small loss for 2019, the Company expects to generate income in the subsequent year, therefore the Company reduced a small amount of the valuation allowance related to Qualstar’s separate company net operating loss carryovers.

The Company had net operating loss carry-forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $30.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and $30.4 million as of December 31, 2018.  The Company had net operating loss carry-forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $19.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and $19.7 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company had engineering and other credit carryforwards for tax purposes of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2018.

If not utilized, the federal net operating loss will expire beginning in 2026, and other tax credit carry-forwards will expire beginning in 2024. If not utilized, the state net operating loss carry-forward as of December 31, 2019 will begin to expire beginning in 2020.  The state engineering credit has no limit on the carry-forward period.

For U.S. purposes, the Company has completed its evaluation, as of December 31, 2017, of the net operating loss (“NOL”) and credit carryforward utilization limitations under Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”) Section 382 and 383, change of ownership rules. Code sections 382 and 383 impose certain limitations on the use of NOL or credit carryforwards in certain situations, including when a company has a change in ownership as defined in such sections. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has determined that it has not had a change in ownership within the meaning of IRC Sections 382 and 383. Management, at the date of this filing, is of the opinion that its NOL and credit carryforwards that can be utilized each year.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s uncertain tax positions (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Beginning Balance	$	29	$	29
Increases related to tax positions taken in current year		—		—
Increases related to tax positions taken in prior year		—		—
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations		—		—
Related interest and penalties, net of federal tax benefit		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	29	$	29

The deferred tax asset amounts related to NOL and credit carryforwards have been reduced by approximately $527,000 of uncertain tax positions. The Company expects that any future changes in the unrecognized tax benefit will have no impact on the Company’s effective tax rate due to the existence of the valuation allowance.

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The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in income tax expense, but they are not significant at December 31, 2019. The Company files its tax returns by the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company’s federal tax returns for fiscal years December 31, 2016 and subsequent and California tax returns for fiscal years December 31, 2015 and subsequent, are still subject to examination. Various state and foreign jurisdictions’ tax years remain open to examination as well, though the Company believes any additional assessment will be immaterial to its consolidated financial statements. The Internal Revenue Service performed an audit of the tax period December 31, 2017, the result was no change. The Company does not have any open examinations as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, the operations of Qualstar Limited were not material for tax purposes and had no significant impact on the year-end tax provision.

Note 4 – Preferred Stock

Qualstar’s Articles of Incorporation allow for the Board of Directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Board of Directors has authority to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of these shares of preferred stock without any future vote or action by the shareholders. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Note 5 –Stock Based Compensation

The Company granted to Steven N. Bronson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, 50,000 restricted stock units (the “Restricted Stock Units”) for shares of the Company’s common stock under the terms of the Company’s 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and an associated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Bronson (the “Restricted Stock Unit Agreement”).  The Restricted Stock Units were awarded pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Bronson on April 13, 2019.  25,000 of the 50,000 restricted stock units vested and the underlying 25,000 shares of common stock became issuable as approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee on December 18, 2019. The share-based compensation of $139,000 was recorded for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. No share-based compensation associated with outstanding stock options and restricted stock grants was recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.  No income tax benefit was recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for share-based arrangements in any period presented.

Stock Option Plan

The Company has two share-based compensation plans as described below.

Qualstar adopted the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”) under which incentive and nonqualified stock options and restricted stock may be granted for shares of common stock. The 2008 Plan expired in 2018 and no additional options may be granted under that plan. However, 3,333 options that were previously granted under the 2008 Plan will continue under their terms.

The 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) permits the award of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock, performance shares, dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards to employees (including executive officers), directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2017 Plan authorizes the issuance of an aggregate of 300,000 shares of common stock and the plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

With respect to options, the fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses various assumptions, such as volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rate. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination in determining forfeiture rates. The expected term of options granted is estimated based on the vesting term of the award, historical employee exercise behavior, expected volatility of the Company’s stock and an employee’s average length of service. The risk-free interest rate used in this model correlates to a U.S. constant rate Treasury security with a contractual life that approximates the expected term of the option award.

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No options were granted in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of stock options granted in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017
Expected lives, in years		5.0
Estimated volatility		36.89%
Dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate		1.92%
Weighted average fair value on grant date		$2.50

The following table summarizes all stock option activity:

Options	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		188,033		$	7.38		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		(5,500	)		7.08		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(4,533	)		15.23		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		178,000			7.19		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		—			—		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(16,667	)		7.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—
Exercisable at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation awards granted. No options vested during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Restricted Stock Units

On October 29, 2019, the Company granted to Steven N. Bronson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, 50,000 restricted stock units (the “Restricted Stock Units”) for shares of the Company’s common stock under the terms of the Company’s 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and an associated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Bronson (the “Restricted Stock Unit Agreement”). The Restricted Stock Units were awarded pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Bronson on April 13, 2019. For each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, Restricted Stock Units for 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock shall vest and the underlying common stock shall become issuable subject to the Company’s achievement of financial and performance objectives for the applicable fiscal year established by the Company’s Compensation Committee. Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, unvested Restricted Stock Units shall also vest and the underlying common stock shall become issuable upon Mr. Bronson’s death or disability, in the event the Company terminates Mr. Bronson’s employment without cause or if Mr. Bronson terminates his employment with the Company for good reason, and in the event of a change in control of the Company. The Compensation Committee approved vesting for the 25,000 shares on December 18, 2019.

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity

On December 5, 2018, the board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The program permitted repurchases of up to a maximum aggregate purchase price of $2,400,000 and the number of shares of Common Stock subject to repurchase was not to exceed 409,000. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, during in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 18,102 and 129,991 shares were repurchased, respectively, with a total of 148,093 shares having been repurchased since the program began. The program expired December 5, 2019.

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Note 7 – Net Earnings Per Share

Basic net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.   Diluted net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average common shares outstanding plus dilutive securities or other contracts to issue common stock as if these securities were exercised or converted to common stock.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income or loss per share for the periods indicated, in thousands, except per share amounts.

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
In thousands (except per share amounts):
Net income (a)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (b)		1,925			2,030
Dilutive potential common shares from employee stock options		-			27
Common stock and common stock equivalents (c)		1,925			2,057
Income per share:
Basic net income per share (a)/(b)	$	0.00		$	0.73
Diluted net income per share (a)/(c)	$	0.00		$	0.72

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 161,333 and 4,666 outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Note 8 – Commitments

Lease Agreements

The Company has entered into a new lease in Camarillo, California for its corporate headquarters beginning June 1, 2019. The facility is 9,910 square feet and is a 5 year and two-month lease, expiring July 31, 2024. The rent on this facility is $9,910 per month with a 3% step-up annually. Qualstar subleases a portion of the warehouse space to Interlink Electronics, Inc. (“Interlink”) and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (“BKF”) and is reimbursed for the space and other related expenses on a monthly basis. As described in Note 12, Interlink and BKF are related parties.

Qualstar leases a 15,160 square foot facility located in Simi Valley, California. The three-year lease began December 15, 2014 and has been renewed for an additional three years, expiring February 28, 2021. Rent on this facility is $11,000 per month with a step-up of 3% annually. On May 22, 2019, Qualstar entered into a Standard Sublease Multi-Tenant (the “Sublease”), with Stillwater Agency, Inc., a California corporation (“Stillwater”), for the Simi Valley location, which previously served as Qualstar’s corporate headquarters location and principal executive office. The term of the Sublease commenced on July 15, 2019 and ends on February 28, 2021 (the “Term”). The base rent under the Sublease is approximately $12,886 per month. Stillwater is also responsible for approximately nine percent (9%) of certain operating expenses and taxes associated with the office building in which the leased premises are located. Prior to entering the Sublease, Qualstar subleased a portion of the warehouse space to Interlink and was reimbursed for the space and other related expenses on a monthly basis.

Qualstar also leases approximately 5,400 square feet of office space in Westlake Village, California, that expires January 31, 2020, and will not be renewed. Rent on this facility is $11,000 per month, with a step-up of 3% annually. Effective March 21, 2016, Qualstar entered into a sublease agreement for the Westlake Village facility. The term of the sublease expires at the same time as the term of the master lease and the tenant pays Qualstar $12,000 per month with a step-up of 3% annually.

Effective April 1, 2016, a two-year lease was signed for 1,359 square feet for $2,500 per month in Singapore, which has been renewed until March 31, 2020. This lease will not be renewed.

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Such leases do not require any contingent rental payments, impose any financial restrictions, or contain any residual value guarantees.  Variable expenses generally represent the Company’s share of the landlord’s operating expenses.  The Company does not have any leases classified as financing leases.

The rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, and we therefore use our incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to determine the initial value of right of use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 was 4.33%, derived from borrowing rate quotes as obtained from the Company’s business bank. We have certain contracts for real estate which may contain lease and non-lease components which we have elected to treat as a single lease component.

Right of use assets for operating leases are periodically reduced by impairment losses. We use the long-lived assets impairment guidance in ASC Subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment – Overall, to determine whether a ROU asset is impaired, and if so, the amount of the impairment loss to recognize.  As of December 31, 2019, we have not recognized any impairment losses for our ROU assets.

We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of one of our leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in profit or loss.   

At December 31, 2019, the Company had current and long-term operating lease liabilities of $252,000 and $453,000, respectively, and right of use assets of $676,000.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases are as follows, in thousands, (unaudited):

Years Ending December 31,	Minimum Lease Payment			Sublease Revenue			Net Minimum Lease Payment
2020	$	277		$	(167	)	$	110
2021		148			(26	)		122
2022		129			-			129
2023		133			-			133
2024		79			-			79
After		-			-			-
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments		766			(193	)		573
Less: Imputed interest		(61	)		-			(61	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	705		$	(193	)	$	512

In the Company's financial statements for periods prior to January 1, 2019, the Company accounts for leases under ASC 840, and provides for rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Net rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $164,000 and $151,000, respectively.

Other information related to our operating leases is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		1.52
Weighted average discount rate		4.33	%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	348
Operating cash flows from finance leases		-
Financing cash flows from finance leases		-

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Note 9 – Segment Information

Based on the provisions of ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” and the manner in which the Chief Operating Decision Maker analyzes the business, Qualstar has determined that it has two separate operating segments: power supply and data storage. Segment revenue, loss before income taxes and total assets were as follows, in thousands:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Revenue
Power Supplies	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage:
Product		4,194		3,111
Service		4,166		3,191
Total Data Storage	$	8,360	$	6,302
Total Revenue	$	13,439	$	12,229

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Income (loss) before Taxes
Power Supplies	$	(866	)	$	(153	)
Data Storage		841			1,643
Total Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$	(25	)	$	1,490

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Total Assets
Power Supplies
Cash and cash equivalents	$	527	$	381
Accounts receivable, net		840		1,048
Inventories, net		872		1,576
Property and equipment		11		47
Other assets		107		102
		2,357		3,154
Data Storage
Cash and cash equivalents		3,336		4,400
Restricted cash		100		100
Accounts receivable, net		1,526		761
Inventories, net		1,668		1,321
Property and equipment		111		65
Right of use		676		-
Other assets		264		197
		7,681		6,844
Total Assets	$	10,038	$	9,998

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In its operation of the business, management reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis consistent with GAAP. Our two segments are power supplies and data storage. The two segments discussed in this analysis are presented in the way we internally managed and monitored performance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. Internal resources were billed for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Until the creation of our subsidiary to operate our power supply business, the power supplies segment tracked certain assets separately, and all others were recorded in the data storage segment for internal reporting presentations. Upon the creation of N2Power, Inc., the assets were separated, and the internal resources were billed appropriately.

The types of products and services provided by each segment are summarized below:

Power Supplies — The Company designs, manufactures, and sells small, open frame, high efficiency switching power supplies. These power supplies are used to convert AC line voltage to DC voltages, or DC voltages to other DC voltages for use in a wide variety of electronic equipment such as telecommunications equipment, machine tools, routers, switches, wireless systems and gaming devices.

Data Storage — The Company configures to order, supports and sells data storage devices used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in network computing environments. Tape libraries consist of cartridge tape drives, tape cartridges and robotics to move the cartridges from their storage locations to the tape drives under software control. Our tape libraries provide data storage solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical data.

Geographic Information

Information regarding revenues attributable to Qualstar’s primary geographic operating regions is as follows, in thousands:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Total Revenue:
North America	$	7,900	$	6,957
Europe		1,696		1,849
Asia Pacific		3,787		3,276
Other		56		147
	$	13,439	$	12,229
Power Supply Revenue:
North America		3,507		3,356
Europe		1,118		1,220
Asia Pacific		454		1,351
Other		—		—
	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage Revenue:
North America		4,393		3,601
Europe		578		629
Asia Pacific		3,333		1,925
Other		56		147
	$	8,360	$	6,302

The geographic classification of revenues is based upon the location to which the product is shipped. Qualstar does not have any significant long-lived assets outside of the United States.

Note 10 – Legal Proceedings

Qualstar is subject to a variety of claims and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. We accrue loss contingencies in connection with our commitments and contingencies, including litigation, when it is probable that a loss has occurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. No accrual was necessary as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, an amount of $100,000 was accrued for fees and costs related to a threatened dispute.

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Note 11 – Benefit Plans

Qualstar has a voluntary deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”) qualifying for treatment under Internal Revenue Code Section 401(k). All employees are eligible to participate in the Plan following three months of service of employment and may contribute up to 100% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis, not to exceed the annual IRS maximum. Qualstar, at the discretion of management, may make matching contributions in an amount equal to 25% of the first 6% of compensation contributed by eligible participants. Qualstar suspended the discretionary matching contribution effective August 2009.

Note 12 – Related Party Transactions 

Steven N. Bronson is the Company’s CEO and is also the President and CEO and a majority shareholder of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (“Interlink”) and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (“BKF”). Interlink reimburses Qualstar for leased space at the Camarillo facility and, previously the Simi Valley facility and for other administrative expenses paid by or on behalf of the Company. The total amount charged to Interlink for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $39,000 and $17,000, respectively. Interlink owed Qualstar $5,000 and $2,000 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company reimburses Interlink for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. On December 1, 2017, the Company entered into various Consulting Agreements with Interlink. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreements, Interlink performs marketing and administrative services to the Company. Interlink receives approximately, $40,000 per month, plus expenses for these services. Also, Interlink occasionally pays travel and other expenses incurred by Qualstar employees. The Company reimbursed Interlink $264,000 and $213,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Qualstar owed Interlink $25,000 and $3,000, at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company reimburses BKF for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. BKF occasionally pays consulting expenses incurred by Qualstar. The Company reimbursed BKF $2,000 and $1,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No amount was owed to BKF as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

Our first quarter of 2020 has been impacted by the extended Chinese New Year holiday and the unprecedented change in the global business environment brought on by COVID-19. At this time, in our power supply business, we are experiencing a delay in shipping dates to our customers, as our subcontracted manufacturers rebuild to full capacity. Although the Company has experienced few cancellations at this time, the Company is also seeing customers delay orders in both business segments.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Qualstar’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over financial reporting

We did not make any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” in 2013. Based on our assessment, we have concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting due to the exemption of smaller reporting companies from the attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

DIRECTORS

The following table sets forth certain information about the current directors of our Company. Directors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors are elected and qualified. There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers. For biographical information regarding our directors, see the discussion under “Biographical Information — Directors,” below.

Name	Age		Position
Steven N. Bronson		54	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
David J. Wolenski		58	Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Leonard A. Hagan		67	Director
Nicholas A. Yarymovych		55	Director
Joy C. Hou		44	Director

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND OTHER KEY OFFICERS

The following table sets forth certain information about the current executive officers and other key officers of our Company. For biographical information regarding our executive officers, see the discussion under “Biographical Information — Executive Officers and other Key Officers,” below.

Name	Age	Position
Steven N. Bronson	54	President and Chief Executive Officer
Louann L. Negrete	60	Chief Financial Officer

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BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Background on Director Qualifications

All Board members are expected to possess certain personal characteristics necessary to creating a functional Board: high personal and professional ethics, integrity and values; practical wisdom and mature judgment; an inquisitive and objective perspective; professional experience at a policy-making level in business; time availability for in-person participation at Board and committee meetings; and a commitment to representing the long-term interests of our shareholders. Directors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors have been elected and qualified.

Directors

Steven N. Bronson has more than 35 years of business and entrepreneurial experience and has established a proven track record of success in finance, operations, and management—turning around the fortunes of numerous public technology companies in the process. In July 2013, Mr. Bronson became a board member and the Chief Executive Officer of Qualstar Corporation (NASDAQ: QBAK), a leading provider of high-quality data storage solutions, and high-density power solutions marketed under the N2Power brand. He was able to return the struggling company to profitability by replacing its executive team and board and implementing cost-cutting measures and aggressive sales efforts. As worldwide data accumulation increases, Qualstar’s high-capacity, low-cost taped-based solutions are well-positioned to meet this growing demand. In July 2010, Mr. Bronson was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (OTC: LINK), a global leader in Force Sensing Resistor (FSR®) technology, printed electronics, and sensor fusion. While returning Interlink to profitability, he expanded the Interlink’s global footprint and commitment to R&D and acquisitions. This groundwork has developed Interlinks capabilities and expertise in emerging markets like the Internet of Things. Mr. Bronson is also the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Ridgefield Acquisition Corp. (OTC: RDGA) since 1996. Ridgefield Acquisition Corp. is a public shell that is seeking a merger, acquisition or business combination with a viable operating entity. Mr. Bronson became the Chief Executive Officer of BKF Capital Group, Inc. (OTC: BKFG) in September 2008 and charted a new course for the company. BKF is a holding company, with two active operating subsidiaries, BKF Asset Holdings, Inc., and recently formed Bronson Financial LLC. BKF Asset Holdings, Inc., which invests meaningful stakes in private and public companies, and Bronson Financial LLC, was created in February 2020, to register as an investment banking firm with FINRA. Mr. Bronson currently holds the series 4, 7, 24, 53, 55, 63, 65, 66, and 79 licenses.  

David J. Wolenski currently serves as President of Electro-Mechanical Products, Inc. (“EMP”), a privately held company engaged in the manufacture of precision-machined components and thermal management systems for the Semiconductor, Laser, and Medical Device industries.  He has been a director on EMP’s board since August 2000. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Wolenski was Chief Executive Officer of OZO Automation, Inc. (OTCBB: OZOA), a publicly traded company that produced robotic workstations for the electronics industry.  As Chief Executive Officer, he also managed the sale of OZO’s assets to JOT Automation of Olunsalo, Finland, and served as President of their Depaneling subsidiary from 2000 to 2001.  From 1983 to 1996, Mr. Wolenski held various positions with Johns Manville Corporation, a worldwide leader in fiberglass insulations and engineered products, which included managerial assignments in manufacturing, business development, and quality assurance.  His past board affiliations have included OZO Automation, Inc. where he was a director from 1996-1999, and Bio-Medical Automation, Inc., where he was a director from 1999-2000.  Mr. Wolenski holds a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder (1983), and an MBA from the University of Colorado at Denver (1990).  The Board has concluded that Mr. Wolenski should serve on our Board based on his senior executive management experience at privately held and publicly held manufacturing companies and his prior experience as a director of other companies.

Leonard A. Hagan is a founding partner at Hagan & Burns CPA’s P.C. (“Hagan & Burns”) where he provides financial and regulatory services to the broker-dealer community as well as tax planning services to the firm’s clients. Prior to founding Hagan & Burns in 1995, Mr. Hagan worked for several years at the accounting firm of S.D. Leidesdorf & Co. where he was a manager, which was then merged into Ernst & Whitney. Following his time at S.D. Leidesdorf & Co. and Ernst & Whitney, Mr. Hagan spent three years at Credit Suisse until he founded his own accounting firm. Mr. Hagan has over forty years’ experience as a Certified Public Accountant and over twenty years as a licensed Financial and Operation Principal. Mr. Hagan is registered today as the Financial and Operating Principal for the following broker-dealers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission: Livingston Securities, LLC, Spoke Real Estate Financial LLC and Core Financial LLC. Mr. Hagan is also a director of Ridgefield Acquisitions Corp. and BKF Capital Group Inc., each of which are publicly traded companies. Mr. Hagan earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Ithaca College and continued his education at Cornell University where he received his MBA in accounting and finance. The Board has concluded that Mr. Hagan should serve on our Board based on his financial expertise and his experience of being a public company director.

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Nicholas A. Yarymovych is currently the CEO and President (founder) of Cloudpointe, Inc. and has held such position since 2017.  Previously, he was the Senior Vice President of Global Consulting & Operations at NTT Data, Cloud Services Inc. and also served as NTT Centerstance’s Managing Partner. Mr. Yarymovych founded Ventus Technology Solutions, Inc. (Ventus) in 2001, one of the first Salesforce.com consulting partners and served as President and Chief Executive Officer. In early 2011, he merged Ventus with Centerstance, Inc. which was then acquired by NTT in late 2012. Throughout his 28-year professional consulting career, he has launched new business units, established professional services practices, developed core business strategies and led numerous operational turnarounds. Prior to 2000, Mr. Yarymovych served as Vice President of e-Business Solutions with QuickStart Technologies where he led the companies' e-business consulting services division. Prior to QuickStart, Mr. Yarymovych served as a Client Partner with Cambridge Technology Partners in their Strategy and Management Consulting Group. Currently, he serves as an advisor for several private equity firms. Mr. Yarymovych earned an M.B.A. in Management and Operations from Pepperdine University, a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California and has a Bachelor of Science degree in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy.  The Board has concluded that Mr. Yarymovych should serve on our Board based on his senior executive management experience and his experience with turnaround companies, mergers and acquisitions.

Joy C. Hou is the CEO and Co-Founder of MREN, Inc., an enterprise technology platform serving the commercial real estate industry since 2013. Ms. Hou has over 30 years of business and entrepreneurial experience in finance, technology, and management. Prior to MREN, Ms. Hou was the CEO and Co-Founder of RAISC, Inc., a tech-enabled bank distressed asset platform that centralized data for over $3B of commercial real estate assets and supported the disposition of over $1.5B of assets. In addition, Ms. Hou spent over 10 years on Wall Street where she held various debt and equity investment positions at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Lehman Brothers and served as the Head of Hospitality Practice at Barclays Capital. Ms. Hou is currently on the Board of Cornell Asian Alumni Association as the Vice President of University Relations and had previously served on the Board of Country Montessori School. Ms. Hou holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University’s School of Hotel Administration with Distinction.

Executive Officers and Other Key Officers

Steven N. Bronson. See the discussion under “Biographical Information – Directors,” above.

Louann L. Negrete was appointed Chief Financial Officer on December 2, 2013. Ms. Negrete has more than 15 years of experience in public company accounting. Prior to joining Qualstar, Ms. Negrete was the Director of Corporate Accounting for LINE 6, Inc. Prior to Line 6 she was the Corporate Controller and CFO for 6 years at Interlink Electronics, Inc., a publicly traded company. She also served for 6 years as the Corporate Controller for publicly traded Biosource International, Inc. BioSource acquired two companies while she was controller and eventually the entire company was sold. She also held positions of controller at US Stamp and assistant controller at Patagonia, two other manufacturing companies. Ms. Negrete holds a CPA license from the State of California. She graduated from California State University, Northridge with a BS degree in Business Administration, Accounting. 

There have been no events under any bankruptcy act, no criminal proceedings and no judgments or injunctions material to the evaluation of the ability and integrity of any officer or director during the past ten years. There are no family relationships between any of our directors, executive officers or other key personnel and any other of our directors, executive officers or other key personnel.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Director Independence

Qualstar’s current Board members consist of Mr. Bronson, Mr. Wolenski, Mr. Hagan, Mr. Yarymovych and Ms. Hou. The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Wolenski, Hagan, Yarymovych and Ms. Hou are independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of the NASDAQ and SEC regulations.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

On June 27, 2014, the Board elected David J. Wolenski, an independent director, to serve as Chairman of the Board.

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Committees

Our Board of Directors oversees our risk management. This oversight is administered primarily through the following committees: (i) an Audit Committee, (ii) a Compensation Committee and (iii) a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each Committee has only independent directors as members.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee consists of four directors: Messrs. Hagan (chairman), Yarymovych, Wolenski and Ms. Hou. Each member of the committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of NASDAQ and SEC regulations. The Audit Committee meets at least four times during the year. The Board has determined that Mr. Hagan qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Pursuant to the terms of the Audit Committee charter, our Audit Committee is required to consist of “independent” directors and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. An “independent” director is defined as an individual who (a) is not an officer or salaried employee or an affiliate, (b) does not have any relationship that, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, would interfere with his or her exercise of independent judgment as an Audit Committee member, (c) meets the independence requirements of the SEC and NASDAQ or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded and (d) except as permitted by the SEC and NASDAQ or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded, does not accept any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from us.

The Audit Committee has a charter that requires the committee to oversee our accounting and financial reporting process, our system of internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and ethics, and the audits of our financial statements, a current copy of which is available to stockholders on our website, www.qualstar.com. The primary duties of the Audit Committee consist of, among other things:

• serving as an independent and objective party to monitor our financial reporting process, internal control system and disclosure control system;

• reviewing and appraising the audit efforts of our independent accountants;

• assuming direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the outside auditors and for the resolution of disputes between the outside auditors and our management regarding financial reporting issues;

• providing an open avenue of communication among the independent accountants, financial and senior management and the Board; and

• reviewing and approving all related party transactions. 

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee consists of three directors: Messrs. Yarymovych (chairman), Hagan and Wolenski. Each such member of the Compensation Committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of NASDAQ and SEC regulations. The Compensation Committee meets at least two times during each year.

Each member of our Compensation Committee must (i) be one of our independent directors satisfying the independence requirements of NASDAQ and other applicable regulatory requirements; and (ii) meet the requirements of a “non-employee director” for purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Except as permitted by NASDAQ, members of the Compensation Committee must not accept any consulting, advisory or the other compensatory fee from us or any of our subsidiaries.

The Compensation Committee oversees the determination of all matters relating to employee compensation and benefits and specifically determines and approves salaries, bonuses and equity-based compensation for our executive officers.

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We have adopted a Compensation Committee charter which outlines the Compensation Committee's primary duties which are to:

• evaluate the performance of the Chief Executive Officer in light of our goals and objectives and determine the Chief Executive Officer's compensation based on this evaluation and such other factors as the Committee shall deem appropriate;

• determine and approve all executive officer compensation;

• approve the aggregate amounts and methodology for determination of all salary, bonus, and long-term incentive awards for all employees other than executive officers;

• review and recommend equity-based compensation plans to the full Board of Directors and approve all grants and awards thereunder;

• review and approve changes to our equity-based compensation plans other than those changes that require stockholder approval under the plans, the requirements of NASDAQ or any exchange on which our securities may be listed and/or any applicable law;

• review and recommend to the full Board changes to our equity-based compensation plans that require stockholder approval under the plans, the requirements of NASDAQ or any exchange on which our securities may be listed and/or any applicable law;

• review and approve changes in our retirement, health, welfare and other benefit programs that result in a material change in costs or the benefit levels provided;

• administer our equity-based compensation plans; and

• approve, as required by applicable law, the annual Committee report on executive compensation for inclusion in our proxy statement.

A current copy of the Compensation Committee charter is available to shareholders on our website, www.qualstar.com.

The Compensation Committee has responsibility for establishing, implementing and monitoring the Company’s compensation philosophy. Accordingly, the Compensation Committee strives to develop and maintain competitive, progressive programs that attract, retain and motivate high-caliber employees, foster teamwork, and maximize the long-term success of the Company by appropriately rewarding our employees for their achievements. The Compensation Committee evaluates risk and rewards associated with the Company’s overall compensation philosophy and structure.

The Compensation Committee has the authority, in its sole discretion, to retain or obtain advice from compensation consultants, independent legal counsel and other advisers, and is directly responsible for the retention, termination, compensation and oversight of the work of any such consultant, counsel or other adviser. In selecting a consultant, counsel or other adviser, the Compensation Committee must, as required by NASDAQ rules, take into consideration all factors relevant to such person's independence from management, including all factors that NASDAQ identifies in its listing standards. The Compensation Committee is regularly advised by the Company’s outside legal counsel and has found no conflict of interest in such counsel’s continuing to provide advice to the Compensation Committee.

The Compensation Committee may form and delegate its authority to subcommittees as appropriate. To date, the Compensation Committee has not delegated such authority.

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Additionally, the Chief Executive Officer may make recommendations to the Compensation Committee relating to executive and director compensation, but consistent with NASDAQ rules, he may not be present during deliberations or voting regarding his own compensation. The Compensation Committee meets with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and other senior executives in order to obtain recommendations with respect to the Company’s compensation programs and practices for executives and other employees. Management discusses with the Compensation Committee the practices that have been put in place to identify and mitigate, as necessary, potential risks. With support from market compensation data, performance reviews and other information, management makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee on the base salaries, bonus targets and equity compensation for the executive officers and other employees. The Compensation Committee takes management’s recommendations into consideration but is not bound by management’s recommendations with respect to executive compensation. The Chief Executive Officer annually reviews the performance of each executive officer, other than himself. The Chief Executive Officer’s performance is reviewed by the Compensation Committee which makes recommendations to the full Board.

Nominating and Governance Committee

Our Nominating and Governance Committee consists of three directors: Messrs. Wolenski (chairman), Yarymovych and Hagan. The Nominating and Governance Committee is empowered by the Board of Directors to recommend qualified individuals to serve on our Board and to identify the manner in which the Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates nominees recommended for membership on the Board. All members of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors have been determined to be “independent directors” pursuant to the definition contained in the rules of NASDAQ and SEC regulations.

Shareholder Communications

Our Board of Directors has established a procedure that enables shareholders to communicate in writing with members of the Board of Directors. Any such communication should be addressed to our Secretary and should be sent to such individual c/o Qualstar Corporation. Any such communication must state, in a conspicuous manner, that it is intended for distribution to the entire Board of Directors. Under the procedures established by the Board of Directors, upon our Secretary's receipt of such a communication, a copy of such communication will be sent to each member of the Board of Directors, identifying it as a communication received from a shareholder. Absent unusual circumstances, at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Directors held more than two days after such communication has been distributed, the Board of Directors will consider the substance of any such communication.

Board and Committee Meeting Attendance

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, our Board of Directors held eight meetings, our Audit Committee held five meetings, our Compensation Committee held three meetings and our Nominating and Governance Committee held one meeting. Each director attended (or participated by telephone in) 100% of the total number of meetings of the Board and committees on which he served.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires Qualstar’s directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of Qualstar’s common stock, to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent shareholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish Qualstar with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. 

To our knowledge, based solely on a review of copies of such reports filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, our officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements, except for two reports on Form 4 reporting three transactions that were filed late by Steven Bronson.

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Code of Ethics

Qualstar has adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which complies with the requirements for a code of ethics pursuant to Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics has been filed as an exhibit to this report. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is also posted on our website at www.qualstar.com. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be provided, without charge, to any shareholder who sends a written request to the Chief Financial Officer of Qualstar at 1267 Flynn Road, Camarillo, California 93012.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Overview

Qualstar’s executive compensation program is based on the same objectives that guide Qualstar in establishing all of its compensation programs:

● Compensation fosters the long-term focus required for Qualstar’s success. In general, the compensation of Company executives includes longer-term incentives because they are in a greater position to influence longer-term results.

● Compensation reflects the level of job responsibility, individual performance, and Company performance. As employee’s progress to higher levels in the organization, an increasing proportion of their pay should be linked to Company performance and shareholder returns because those employees are more able to affect Qualstar’s operating results.

● Compensation reflects the value of the job in the marketplace. To attract and retain a highly skilled work force, we must remain competitive with the pay of other employers who compete with us for talent.

● While compensation programs and individual pay levels will always reflect differences in job responsibilities, geographies and marketplace considerations, the overall structure of the compensation and benefit programs should be broadly similar and equitable across the organization.

Components of Executive Compensation

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the principal components of compensation for named executive officers were: (1) base salary, (2) performance-based incentive compensation, (3) long-term equity incentive compensation, (4) personal benefits, and (5) other compensation. In determining the amount and relative allocation among each component of compensation for each named executive officer, the Compensation Committee considered, among other factors, the Company’s and each executive officer’s experience level and historical performance, compensation paid by companies comparable in size to Qualstar, data obtained from management’s recruitment activities, historical rates of executive compensation, Company revenues and profitability, and alignment with the Company’s overall compensation philosophy.

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Summary Compensation Table

The following table shows information about the compensation awarded to, earned by and paid to Mr. Steven N. Bronson and Ms. Louann Negrete (collectively referred to as our “named executive officers”) during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Mr. Bronson and Ms. Negrete were the Company’s only two “named executive officers,” as defined under Item 402 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, for such fiscal years.

Summary Compensation Table

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary		Bonus (1)		Stock Awards (2)		All Other Compensation (3)		Total
Steven N. Bronson	2019	$	200,000	$	75,000	$	138,750	$	1,696	$	415,446
Chief Executive Officer	2018		200,000	$	140,000	$	-	$	1,516	$	341,516
Louann Negrete	2019		156,000		5,000		-		20,652		181,652
Chief Financial Officer	2018		149,615		7,500		-		1,516		158,631

(1) The amounts shown in this column reflect discretionary bonuses paid to the named executive officers.

(2) The amounts shown in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the equity-based compensation granted to the named executive officers as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.  Pursuant to SEC rules, these amounts exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.  The compensation amount for the 25,000 restricted stock units that vested December 18, 2019 was based on the NASDAQ closing share price of $5.55. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these awards and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers for the awards.

(3) The amounts shown in this column represent premiums paid by the Company for life, disability, health, dental and vision insurance.

Components of Executive Compensation

Base Salary

Base salaries were set at levels that the Compensation Committee deemed to be sufficient to attract and retain highly talented executive officers capable of fulfilling the Company’s key objectives. Base salaries were also set with the goal of rewarding executive officers on a day-to-day basis for their time and services while encouraging them to strive for performance-based and long-term incentives.

Performance-Based Incentive Compensation

The Company utilizes an annual discretionary cash bonus program, which is intended to reward executive officers based on the Company’s overall performance and the individual named executive officer’s contributions to that performance. In determining an annual discretionary bonus for each named executive officer, we evaluate performance as measured against certain objective financial metrics as well as individual performance goals. We believe that the performance-based incentive compensation provides incentives that are necessary to retain executives and reward them for our short-term performance in the pursuit of our larger business objectives and is designed to provide for a portion of our cash compensation for named executive officers to be variable based upon Company and individual performance.

Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation

The Company has a long-term equity incentive plan, which is intended to retain executive officers and reward executive officers based on the Company’s performance. Equity incentives, such as stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, have been granted to executive officers as long-term incentives in order to align executives’ performance with the interests of the Company’s shareholders and also to encourage retention. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 50,000 restricted stock units were awarded to Steven N. Bronson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, as further described below under “Employment of Steven N. Bronson.

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Personal Benefits

As employees, the Company’s executives are eligible to participate in health and welfare benefits, as offered to our general workforce, designed to attract and retain a skilled workforce in a competitive marketplace. These benefits help ensure that the Company has a healthy and focused workforce through reliable and competitive health and other personal benefits. These benefits were considered in relation to the total compensation package but did not materially impact decisions regarding other elements of executive officer compensation.

The Company also maintains a tax-qualified retirement plan (“401(k) Plan”) that provides eligible employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. All employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan following three months of service of employment and may contribute up to 100% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis, not to exceed the annual IRS maximum. The Company, at the discretion of management, may make matching contributions in an amount equal to 25% of the first 6% of compensation contributed by eligible participants. However, the Company has suspended discretionary matching contributions effective as of August 2009.

Employment of Steven N. Bronson

On April 13, 2019, the Company entered into a new employment agreement with Steven N. Bronson, whereby Mr. Bronson will continue to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President. The employment agreement is effective from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, unless terminated earlier pursuant to its terms.

Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Bronson will receive an annual base salary of $200,000 and is eligible to earn up to 50% of his annual base salary during each calendar year during the term, in the form of a bonus based on the Company’s achievement of financial objectives established by the Company’s Compensation Committee of its Board of Directors and Mr. Bronson’s achievement of agreed-to personal business objectives. Pursuant to the employment agreement, on October 29, 2019, the Company granted to Mr. Bronson 50,000 restricted stock units for shares of the Company’s common stock under the terms of the Company’s 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and an associated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Bronson. For each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, restricted stock units for 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock shall vest and the underlying common stock shall become issuable subject to the Company’s achievement of financial and performance objectives for the applicable fiscal year established by the Company’s Compensation Committee.  On December 18, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the vesting of 25,000 restricted stock units and the underlying 25,000 shares of common stock became issuable.  The employment agreement further provides that Mr. Bronson will be eligible to receive any benefit and participate in any benefit plan generally available to officers of the Company. 

Mr. Bronson may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving no less than ninety (90) days written notice to the Company. Upon Mr. Bronson’s voluntary termination of the employment agreement, the Company’s only obligation to Mr. Bronson will be (i) to pay any salary earned on or before his last day of employment (the “Separation Date”); (ii) reimburse Mr. Bronson for any reimbursable expenses incurred through and including the Separation Date; and (iii) pay Mr. Bronson for any accrued, unused vacation as of the Separation Date (collectively, the “Final Pay”). Upon such voluntary termination, Mr. Bronson will retain vested benefits, if any, which vested benefits will be handled in accordance with their controlling plans and documents. All further vesting of equity awards will cease on the date of such termination.

If Mr. Bronson’s employment is terminated due to his death or Disability (as such term is defined in the employment agreement), Mr. Bronson or his beneficiaries will be entitled to receive the Final Pay and all equity, including the restricted stock units, issued to Mr. Bronson by the Company but not vested as of the Separation Date will immediately fully vest, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. In addition, the Company will pay Mr. Bronson a pro-rated portion of any earned target bonus through the Separation Date.

The Company may terminate the employment agreement without Cause (as such term is defined in the employment agreement) at any time and Mr. Bronson may terminate his employment for Good Reason (as such term is defined in the employment agreement) at any time. Upon a termination of Mr. Bronson’s employment by the Company without Cause or by Mr. Bronson for Good Reason, Mr. Bronson will be entitled to receive the Final Pay and subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions (i) a severance payment equal to 12 months of his base salary; (ii) a pro-rated portion of any earned target bonus through the Separation Date; (iii) certain COBRA benefits; and (iv) all equity awards, including the restricted stock units, issued by the Company but not yet vested as of the Separation Date, shall immediately vest in full and be earned (collectively, the “Severance Benefits”). Upon a termination of Mr. Bronson’s employment by the Company for Cause, Mr. Bronson will be entitled to receive only the Final Pay.

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In the event of a Change in Control (as such term is defined in the employment agreement) of the Company that results in the termination of Mr. Bronson’s employment for Good Reason or without Cause within 180 days after the effective date of the Change in Control, Mr. Bronson shall be entitled to receive the Final Pay, and subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Severance Benefits.

The Employment Agreement also contains certain non-disclosure covenants that apply during his employment and thereafter.

Tax and Accounting Implications

Under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), we generally receive a federal income tax deduction for compensation paid to any of our named executive officers only to the extent total compensation does not exceed $1.0 million during any fiscal year. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, none of the executive officers of the Company had non-performance-based compensation in excess of $1,000,000.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Year Ending December 31, 2019

The following table provides information regarding outstanding equity awards held by each named executive officer as of December 31, 2019.

Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2019

	Option Awards (1)							Stock awards (2)
	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#)				Option Exercise Price ($)		Option Expiration Date	Number of units of stock that have	Market value of shares of units that have
Name	Exercisable			Unexercisable				not vested (#)	not vested ($)
Steven N. Bronson		100,000	(1)			7.08	8/3/2027	25,000	135,750
Louann Negrete		10,000	(1)			7.08	8/3/2027

(1)	Each stock option was granted pursuant to our 2017 Plan. The stock option vested immediately on the grant date, August 3, 2017.
(2)	Steven N. Bronson was awarded 50,000 restricted stock units under our 2017 Plan pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement. 25,000 restricted stock units vested and the underlying shares became issuable on December 18, 2019.  For further information on the vesting of the restricted stock units, see above under the heading “Employment of Steven N. Bronson”.

Director Compensation

Each of our non-employee directors receives cash fees as compensation for his service on our Board of Directors and the committees of the Board of Directors on which he is a member. During the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019, each of our non-employee directors received a stipend of $15,000 per year, paid quarterly, for service on the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Audit Committee received an additional stipend of $5,000 per year, paid quarterly, the Chairman of the Compensation Committee received an additional stipend of $3,000 per year, paid quarterly, the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee received an additional stipend of $3,000 per year, paid quarterly, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors received an additional stipend of $7,500 per year, paid quarterly. No additional stipends were paid for service on a committee of the Board of Directors other than as Chairman of such committee. No fees were paid for service on the Board of Directors to directors who were also employees of the Company.

The table below sets forth cash compensation earned by each person who served as a non-employee director of our Board of Directors during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. Steven N. Bronson, who is our Chief Executive Officer, was an employee during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 and received no additional compensation for his service as a member of our Board of Directors. The compensation received by Mr. Bronson, as a named executive officer of the Company, is presented in “Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table” above.

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Director Compensation Table for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019
Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash		Stock Awards		Total
David J. Wolenski	$	25,500	$	-	$	25,500
Leonard A. Hagan		20,000		-		20,000
Nicholas A. Yarymovych		18,000		-		18,000

The non-employee directors were awarded 5,000 stock options on August 3, 2017 pursuant to the Company’s 2017 Plan. The options have an exercise price of $7.08 per share, a term of ten years and were fully vested upon grant.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 9, 2020 for:

● each person (or group of affiliated persons) who we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our common stock;

● each of our directors;

● each of the named executive officers; and

● all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and includes voting and investment power with respect to shares. Except as indicated by footnote, the persons named in the table have sole voting and sole investment control with respect to all shares beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable. The percentage of shares beneficially owned is based on 1,925,025 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 9, 2020. Shares of common stock subject to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 9, 2020, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such options but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. The address for those individuals for which an address is not otherwise indicated is: c/o Qualstar Corporation, 1267 Flynn Road, Camarillo, California 93012.

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	Common		Options Exercisable Within 60		Beneficial Ownership
Name	Shares Owned		Days (1)		Number		Percent
BKF Asset Holdings, Inc. and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (2)		708,286		—		708,286		36.8	%
Steven N. Bronson, Chief Executive Officer (3)		757,903		100,000		857,903		42.3	%
Renaissance Technologies LLC (4)		145,196		—		145,196		7.5	%
800 Third Avenue; New York, New York 10022
Louann Negrete, Chief Financial Officer (5)		—		10,000		10,000		*
Leonard A. Hagan, Director (6)		13,444		5,000		18,444		*
Nicholas A. Yarymovych, Director (7)		6,667		5,000		11,667		*
David J. Wolenski, Director (8)		833		5,000		5,833		*
Joy C. Hou		-		-		-		-
All directors and officers as a group (6 persons)		778,847		125,000		903,847		47.0	%

*Less than 1.0%

(1)	Represents shares that may be acquired upon exercise of stock options which are either currently vested or will vest within 60 days of March 8, 2019.
(2)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, BKF Asset Holdings, Inc. is the owner of 708,286 shares of Qualstar common stock.  BKF Capital Group, Inc. as the sole stockholder of BKF Asset Holdings, Inc., may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by BKF Asset Holdings, Inc.  Steven N. Bronson is the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and majority stockholder of BKF Capital Group, Inc. and the Chief Executive Officer and sole director of BKF Asset Holdings, Inc.
(3)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Mr. Bronson, directly owns 149,617 shares of common stock, consisting of 49,617 shares of common stock (10,000 of which are owned by his spouse) and 100,000 shares of common stock underlying currently exercisable stock options Mr. Bronson received in his capacity as an executive officer of the Company.  By virtue of his relationships with BKF Asset Holdings, Inc. and BKF Capital Group, Inc. discussed in further detail in footnote (2), Mr. Bronson may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of common stock owned by BKF Asset Holdings, Inc. Consequently, Mr. Bronson may be deemed to beneficially own an aggregate of 857,903 shares of common stock.
(4)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Renaissance Technologies LLC, an investment adviser, beneficially owns 145,196 shares as of February 13, 2020.
(5)	Consists of stock options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock awarded on August 3, 2017.
(6)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Leonard A. Hagan beneficially owns 13,444 shares.   Mr. Hagan was awarded 5,000 stock options on August 3, 2017.
(7)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Nicholas A. Yarymovych beneficially owns 6,667 shares.  Mr. Yarymovych was awarded 5,000 stock options on August 3, 2017.
(8)	Based on information contained in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, David J. Wolenski beneficially owns 833 shares. Mr. Wolenski was awarded 5,000 stock options on August 3, 2017.

Additional Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information regarding Qualstar’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019 is included in Item 5 of this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Transactions with Related Persons

In accordance with the charter of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, the Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing any proposed transaction with any related person which involves a potential conflict of interest or for which approval is required under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission and NASDAQ rules. Currently, this review and approval requirement applies to any transaction to which Qualstar will be a party, in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of Qualstar’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any of the following persons will have a direct or indirect material interest: (a) any of our directors or executive officers, (b) any nominee for election as a director, (c) any security holder who is known to us to own of record or beneficially more than five percent of our common stock, or (d) any member of the immediate family of any of the persons described in the foregoing clauses (a) through (c).

In the event that management becomes aware of any related person transaction, management will present information regarding the proposed transaction to the Audit Committee for review. Approval of a transaction with a related person requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the Audit Committee or of a majority of the members of the full Board of Directors. If the related person transaction involves a member or members of the Board, approval requires a majority vote of the directors who do not have a financial interest in the transaction.

Steven N. Bronson is the Company’s CEO and is also the President and CEO and a majority shareholder of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (“Interlink”) and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (“BKF”). Interlink reimburses Qualstar for leased space at the Camarillo and previously at the Simi Valley facility and for other administrative expenses paid by or on behalf of the Company. The total amount charged to Interlink for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $39,000 and $17,000, respectively. Interlink owed Qualstar $5,000 and $2,000 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company reimburses Interlink for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. On December 1, 2017, the Company entered into various Consulting Agreements with Interlink. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreements, Interlink performs marketing and administrative services to the Company. Interlink receives approximately, $40,000 per month, plus expenses for these services. Also, Interlink occasionally pays travel and other expenses incurred by Qualstar employees. The Company reimbursed Interlink $264,000 and $213,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Qualstar owed Interlink $25,000 and $3,000, at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company reimburses BKF for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. BKF occasionally pays consulting expenses incurred by Qualstar. The Company reimbursed BKF $2,000 and $1,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No amount was owed to BKF as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Director Independence

Our Board has determined that all of our current directors, who served on our Board during the 2019 fiscal year at the time of their service, satisfied the “independent director” standards established by rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. (“NASDAQ”), except for Steven N. Bronson. Each director serving on the Audit Committee of our Board, at the time of their service also met the more stringent independence requirements established by Securities and Exchange Commission rules applicable to audit committees. Our Board has determined that no director has a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out his responsibilities as a director. There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers of the Company.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accountants

The table below includes the aggregate fees billed by RBSM, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Audit Fees	$	85,500	$	78,250
Audit related fees		-		-
Tax fees		47,760		64,588
All other fees		13,453		18,175
Total fees	$	146,713	$	161,013

Audit Fees. Audit fees include fees for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for each year and reviews of our unaudited condensed consolidated quarterly financial statements, as well as fees related to consents and reports in connection with regulatory filings for those fiscal years.

Audit Related Fees. We did not incur any fees during the last two completed fiscal years for assurance and related services.

Tax Fees. Tax fees include fees for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

All Other Fees. All other fees include fees for professional services rendered for financial reporting compliance with accounting standards.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Our Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accountants in accordance with applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules. The Audit Committee adopted a written pre-approval policy on June 25, 2003, and all services performed by RBSM and Everest Ito Group, a tax consultant to the Company, have been pre-approved in accordance with the Audit Committee’s pre-approval policy. The Audit Committee generally pre-approves particular services or categories of services on a case-by-case basis. The independent registered public accountants and management periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent registered public accountants in accordance with these pre-approvals, and the fees for the services performed to date.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)  The financial statements are set forth under Item 8 of this Report on Form 10-K.

All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

(b)  Exhibits:

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to Qualstar’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-96009), declared effective by the Commission on June 22, 2000.
3.1.2	Certificate of Amendment of Restated Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Qualstar’s Report on Form 8-K dated June 14, 2016.
3.2	Bylaws, as amended and restated as of March 24, 2011, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Qualstar’s Report on Form 8-K dated March 30, 2011.
10.1	Form of Indemnification Agreement, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to Qualstar’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-96009), declared effective by the Commission on June 22, 2000.
10.2***	2008 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s Report on Form 10-Q/A for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2009.
10.3	Standard Multi-Tenant Offices Lease between K-Swiss, Inc. and Qualstar Corporation, dated December 8, 2014, concerning the property located at 31248 Oak Crest Dr, Westlake Village, CA 91361, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Qualstar’s report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2014.
10.4	Industrial Real Estate Lease between Cypress Pointe Simi Valley, LLC and Qualstar Corporation, dated December 15, 2014 concerning the property located at 130 West Cochran St., Simi Valley, CA 93065, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Qualstar’s report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2014.
10.5	Sublease Agreement between Interlink Electronics, Inc and Qualstar Corporation, dated July 1, 2015, concerning space at 130 West Cochran Street, Unit C; Simi Valley, CA 93065, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Qualstar’s report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2015.
10.6	Tenancy Agreement between Hudson Development PTE LTD and Qualstar Corporation Singapore PTE LTD, dated January 22, 2016 concerning space at 16 New Industrial Road, Singapore 536204, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Qualstar’s report on Form 10-KT for the transition year ended December 31, 2015.
10.7	Sublease agreement between Feld Care Therapy, Inc. d.b.a. Well Care Connects and Qualstar Corporation, dated March 22, 2016 concerning space at 31248 Oak Crest Drive Suite 120, Westlake Village, CA 91361, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Qualstar’s report on Form 10-KT for the transition year ended December 31, 2015.
10.8	Standard Industrial/Commercial Multi-Tenant Lease – Gross, dated as of February 14, 2019, between the Registrant and Flynn-Adolfo Associates, LP., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2019.
10.9***	Employment Agreement with Steven N. Bronson, dated April 13, 2019 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s report on Form 8-K dated April 18, 2019.
10.10***	Qualstar Corporation 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s report on Form 8-K/A dated June 13, 2017.
10.11***	Amendment to Qualstar Corporation 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2019.
10.12***	Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, dated October 29, 2019, between Qualstar Corporation and Steven N. Bronson, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Qualstar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2019.
10.13	Standard Industrial Commercial Multi-Tenant Lease – Gross, dated as of May 20, 2019 between the Registrant and Stillwater Agency, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Qualstar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2019.
14.1	Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to Qualstar’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004.
21.1*	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (RBSM LLP).
24.1*	Power of Attorney (included on signature page).

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31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

***Each a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		QUALSTAR CORPORATION
Date: March 19, 2020	By:	/s/ STEVEN N. BRONSON
		Steven N. Bronson,
		Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Steven N. Bronson and Louann Negrete, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution for him or her, and in his or her name in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and any of them or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ STEVEN N. BRONSON	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director	March 19, 2020
Steven N. Bronson
	(Principal executive officer)
/s/ LOUANN NEGRETE	Chief Financial Officer	March 19, 2020
Louann Negrete	(Principal financial and accounting officer)
/s/ DAVID J. WOLENSKI	Chairman of the Board of Directors	March 19, 2020
David J. Wolenski
/s/ LEONARD A. HAGAN	Director	March 19, 2020
Leonard A. Hagan
/s/ NICHOLAS A. YARYMOVYCH	Director	March 19, 2020
Nicholas A. Yarymovych
/s/ Joy Hou	Director	March 19, 2020
Joy Hou

65

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY

	State of	Country of
	Incorporation/	Incorporation/
Company Name	Organization	Organization
Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited		Singapore
N2Power, Inc.	Nevada	United States
Q-Smart Data Private Limited		Singapore
Qualstar Limited		United Kingdom

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements of Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiary on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-233398, 333-162169, 333-61080 and 333-219847) of our report dated March 19, 2020, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries.

Our report on the financial statements refers to a change in the method of accounting for leases effective January 1, 2019.

/s/ RBSM LLP

RBSM LLP

Larkspur, CA

March 19, 2020

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Steven N. Bronson, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Qualstar Corporation and Subsidiaries;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 19, 2020

/s/ STEVEN N. BRONSON

Steven N. Bronson,

Principal Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Louann Negrete, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Qualstar Corporation and Subsidiaries;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 19, 2020

/s/ Louann Negrete

Louann Negrete

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven N. Bronson, Chief Executive Officer of Qualstar Corporation (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1) the Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the period ending December 31, 2019 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 780(d)); and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 19, 2020

/s/ STEVEN N. BRONSON

Steven N. Bronson

Principal Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Louann Negrete, Chief Financial Officer of Qualstar Corporation (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1) the Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the period ending December 31, 2019 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 780(d)); and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 19, 2020

/s/ Louann Negrete

Louann Negrete,

Chief Financial Officer

XML

Note 7 - Net Earnings Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Net income (loss)	$ (7)	$ 1,486
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (b) (in shares)	1,925	2,030
Dilutive potential common shares from employee stock options (in shares)		27
Common stock and common stock equivalents (c) (in shares)	1,925	2,057
Basic net income per share (a)/(b) (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0.73
Diluted net income per share (a)/(c) (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0.72

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Number of Operating Segments	2

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information - Revenue by Primary Geographic Operating Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue	$ 13,439	$ 12,229
Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue	5,079	5,927
Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	8,360	6,302
North America [Member]
Revenue	7,900	6,957
North America [Member] | Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue	3,507	3,356
North America [Member] | Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	4,393	3,601
Europe [Member]
Revenue	1,696	1,849
Europe [Member] | Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue	1,118	1,220
Europe [Member] | Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	578	629
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenue	3,787	3,276
Asia Pacific [Member] | Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue	454	1,351
Asia Pacific [Member] | Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	3,333	1,925
Other Geographic Areas [Member]
Revenue	56	147
Other Geographic Areas [Member] | Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue
Other Geographic Areas [Member] | Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	$ 56	$ 147

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares $ / shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Preferred stock, no par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, no par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	1,925,025	2,030,017
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,925,025	2,030,017

XML

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 

1

 –

Significant

Accounting Policies

Business

Qualstar Corporation and its Subsidiaries (“Qualstar”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is organized into

two

strategic business segments, power solutions and data storage systems. Qualstar is a leading provider of data storage systems marketed under the Qualstar brand and of high efficiency and high-density power solutions marketed under the

N2Power

brand. Qualstar’s

N2Power

branded power solutions products provide unique power solutions to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for a wide range of markets, including communications networking, industrial, gaming, test equipment, lighting, medical as well as other market applications. Data storage system products include highly scalable automated magnetic tape-based storage solutions used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in the network computing environment and to provide solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information.

Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in

1984

and operates

four

subsidiaries.

N2Power,

Inc. was formed in

2017

to operate the Company’s power supply business and Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”) was created in

2014

to give the Company an engineering footprint in Singapore and better service our contract manufacturers and our Asian distribution partners and customers. Qualstar has established

two

additional subsidiaries to aid in the Company’s global expansion. On

July 4, 2018,

a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Europe and Africa. On

September 5, 2018,

a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Asia.  

We sell our products globally through authorized resellers, distributers, and directly to OEMs.

N2Power

utilizes contract manufacturers in Asia to produce our power solutions products. Our storage products are manufactured by our OEM suppliers in other parts of the world and configured to order by us at our facility in Camarillo, California.  

The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries,

N2Power,

Inc., Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited, Qualstar Limited and Q-Smart Data Private Limited. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Principles

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Examples include estimates of loss contingencies, product life cycles and inventory obsolescence, bad debts, sales returns, warranty costs, share-based compensation forfeiture rates, the tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns and determining when investment impairments are other-than-temporary. Actual results and outcomes

may

differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC

606,

we perform the following

five

steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The

five

-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC

606,

we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment.  In limited circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. We derive revenues from

two

primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the shipment of product according to the agreement with our customers for data storage products and power supplies. Services include customer support (technical support), installations, consulting, and design services. A contract

may

include both product and services. Rarely, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis.

A variety of technical services can be contracted by our customers for a designated period of time. The service contracts allow customers to call Qualstar for technical support, replace defective parts and to have onsite service provided by Qualstar’s

third

party contract service provider. We record revenue for contract services at the amount of the service contract, but such amount is deferred at the beginning of the service term and amortized ratably over the life of the contract.

At

December 31, 2019,

we had deferred revenue of approximately

$949,000

and

no

deferred profit. At

December 31, 2018,

we had deferred revenue of approximately

$863,000

and

no

deferred profit. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Qualstar classifies as cash equivalents only cash and those investments that are highly liquid, interest-earning investments with original maturities of

three

months or less from the date of purchase.

Restricted Cash

At

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

$100,000

in cash is restricted for use as collateral for the Company’s credit cards.

Concentration of Credit Risk, Other Concentration Risks and Significant Customers

Qualstar sells its products primarily through value added resellers located worldwide. Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed by Qualstar, and generally, collateral is

not

required. Potential uncollectible accounts have been provided for in the financial statements.

We have

no

outstanding debt nor do we utilize auction rate securities or derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Cash and other investments

may

be in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

Our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. As all sales are currently made in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Sales outside North America represented approximately

58.8%

of net revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

43.1%

of net revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2018.

Revenues from Qualstar’s largest customer totaled approximately

23.5%

and

12.6%

of revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

respectively. At

December 31, 2019,

the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately

23.4%

of net accounts receivable. At

December 31, 2018,

the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately

2.0%

of net accounts receivable.

Suppliers

The primary suppliers of our power supplies segment,

N2Power,

are located in China. The primary suppliers of our tape storage products are located in California and Germany. If a manufacturer should be unable to deliver products to us in a timely basis or at all, our power supply or data storage business could be adversely affected. Though we have many years of favorable experience with these suppliers, there can be

no

assurance that circumstances might

not

change and compel a supplier to curtail or terminate deliveries to us.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands):

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions (1)			Balance at End of Period
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019	$	57	$	—	$	—	$	(17	)	$	40
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018	$	54	$	8	$	—	$	(5	)	$	57

( 1 ) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.

Inventories

, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis.

Property and Equipment

, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Machinery and equipment (in years)	5	-	7
Furniture and fixtures (in years)	5	-	7
Leasehold Improvements (in years)	3	-	5
Computer equipment (in years)	3	-	5

Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or retirement of property or equipment, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

Qualstar reviews the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of any asset

may

not

be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the amount of the loss to be recorded is based upon an estimate of the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition and other valuation methods.

No

impairment losses of long-lived assets were recognized during the periods presented.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Qualstar records all customer charges for outbound shipping and handling to freight revenue. All inbound and outbound shipping and fulfillment costs are classified as costs of goods sold.

Warranty Obligations

We provide a

three

-year advance replacement warranty on all XLS and RLS libraries and a

two

-year warranty on our Q-Series libraries. This includes replacement of components, or if necessary, complete libraries. XLS libraries sold in North America also include

one

year of onsite service. Customers

may

purchase on-site service if they are located in the United States, Canada, and selected countries in Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. All customers

may

purchase extended warranty service coverage upon expiration of the standard warranty.

We provide a

three

-year warranty on all power supplies that includes repair or if necessary, replacement of the power supply.

A provision for costs related to warranty expense is recorded when revenue is recognized, which is estimated based on historical warranty costs incurred. 

Activity in the liability for product warranty (included in other accrued liabilities) for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Beginning balance	$	365		$	322
Cost of warranty claims		(21	)		(15	)
Accruals for product warranties		(54	)		58
Ending balance	$	290		$	365

Engineering

All engineering costs are charged to expense as incurred. These costs consist primarily of engineering salaries, benefits, outside consultant fees, purchased parts and supplies directly involved in the design and development of new products, facilities and other internal costs.

Advertising

Advertising and promotion expenses include costs associated with direct and indirect marketing, trade shows and public relations. Qualstar expenses all costs of advertising and promotion as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses for the years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018

were approximately

$82,000

and

$92,000,

respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

We determine fair value measurements based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, we follow the following fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (

1

) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (

2

) our own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs):

Level 

1:

  Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Level 

2:

  Other inputs observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroborated inputs; and

Level 

3:

  Unobservable inputs for which there is little or

no

market data and which requires the owner of the assets or liabilities to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price these assets or liabilities.

Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and

may

affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash measured at fair value on a recurring basis at

December 31, 2019

and

2018

(in thousands):

	December 31, 201 9
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	3,863	$	-	$	-	$	3,863	$	3,863
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	3,963	$	-	$	-	$	3,963	$	3,963

	December 31, 201 8
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	4,781	$	-	$	-	$	4,781	$	4,781
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	4,881	$	-	$	-	$	4,881	$	4,881

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period (vesting can be immediate or over a period of

four

years) of the stock award using the straight-line method.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carry forwards. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. A valuation allowance is established when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than

not

that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will

not

be realized.

Earnings

per Share

Basic net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of diluted common shares, which is inclusive of common stock equivalents from unexercised stock options.  Unexercised stock options are considered to be common stock equivalents if, using the treasury stock method, they are determined to be dilutive.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent accounting guidance

not

yet adopted

In

December 2019,

the FASB issued ASU

2019

-

12,

Income Taxes

, which is intended to simplify the accounting standard and improve the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. We intend to implement this new accounting guidance effective

January 1, 2021,

however early adoption is permitted. we are currently assessing the impact this new accounting guidance will have on our financial statements.

Recent accounting guidance adopted

FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

ASU

2018

-

09,

ASU

2018

-

10,

2018

-

11,

and

2019

-

01

to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements and to provide guidance related to accounting for leases, such as the application of an implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification and certain transition adjustments. The Company elected ASU-

11’s

alternative transition approach of recording lease liabilities and right-of-use assets via a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption. Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2016

-

02,

ASU

2018

-

09,

ASU

2018

-

10,

2018

-

11

and

2019

-

0.

The result is the recording of the lease liability and the right-of-use asset to the balance sheet and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.

In

June 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

2018

-

07

as a simplification for the accounting for non-employee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of Topic

718,

Compensation-Stock Compensation. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018.

Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2018

-

07

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In

February 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

2018

-

02

to provide guidance related to adjustments for deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the changes created by the U.S. federal government tax bill enacted

December 22, 2017.

This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018.

Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2018

-

02

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

XML

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

Note

6

– Stockholders’ Equity

On

December 5, 2018,

the board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The program permitted repurchases of up to a maximum aggregate purchase price of

$2,400,000

and the number of shares of Common Stock subject to repurchase was

not

to exceed

409,000.

Under the Stock Repurchase Program, during in the fiscal years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

 

18,102

and

129,991

shares were repurchased, respectively, with a total of

148,093

shares having been repurchased since the program began. The program expired

December 5, 2019.

XML

Note 10 - Legal Proceedings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Legal Matters and Contingencies [Text Block]

Note 

1

0

 – Legal Proceedings

Qualstar is subject to a variety of claims and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in the aggregate, will

not

have a material adverse impact on our financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters

may

change in the future. We accrue loss contingencies in connection with our commitments and contingencies, including litigation, when it is probable that a loss has occurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

No

accrual was necessary as of

December 31, 2019.

As of

December 31, 2018,

an amount of

$100,000

was accrued for fees and costs related to a threatened dispute.

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes - Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current:
Federal (Net of a 2018 net operating loss benefit of $288)
State (Net of a 2018 and 2019 net operating loss benefit of $35 and $97, respectively)	7	3
Foreign	5	1
Provision for income taxes	12	4
Deferred:
Federal
State	30
Deferred income tax	(30)
Net income tax expense	$ (18)	$ 4

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,040	$ 1,244
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(918)	(1,132)
Property and equipment, net	122	112
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	163	114
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	268	286
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 609	$ 844

XML

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Product Warranty Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Beginning balance	$ 365	$ 322
Cost of warranty claims	(21)	(15)
Accruals for product warranties	(54)	58
Ending balance	$ 290	$ 365

XML

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Principles

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Examples include estimates of loss contingencies, product life cycles and inventory obsolescence, bad debts, sales returns, warranty costs, share-based compensation forfeiture rates, the tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns and determining when investment impairments are other-than-temporary. Actual results and outcomes

may

differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC

606,

we perform the following

five

steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The

five

-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC

606,

we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment.  In limited circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. We derive revenues from

two

primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the shipment of product according to the agreement with our customers for data storage products and power supplies. Services include customer support (technical support), installations, consulting, and design services. A contract

may

include both product and services. Rarely, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis.

A variety of technical services can be contracted by our customers for a designated period of time. The service contracts allow customers to call Qualstar for technical support, replace defective parts and to have onsite service provided by Qualstar’s

third

party contract service provider. We record revenue for contract services at the amount of the service contract, but such amount is deferred at the beginning of the service term and amortized ratably over the life of the contract.

At

December 31, 2019,

we had deferred revenue of approximately

$949,000

and

no

deferred profit. At

December 31, 2018,

we had deferred revenue of approximately

$863,000

and

no

deferred profit. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Qualstar classifies as cash equivalents only cash and those investments that are highly liquid, interest-earning investments with original maturities of

three

months or less from the date of purchase.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Cash

At

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

$100,000

in cash is restricted for use as collateral for the Company’s credit cards.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentration of Credit Risk, Other Concentration Risks and Significant Customers

Qualstar sells its products primarily through value added resellers located worldwide. Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed by Qualstar, and generally, collateral is

not

required. Potential uncollectible accounts have been provided for in the financial statements.

We have

no

outstanding debt nor do we utilize auction rate securities or derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Cash and other investments

may

be in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

Our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. As all sales are currently made in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Sales outside North America represented approximately

58.8%

of net revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

43.1%

of net revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2018.

Revenues from Qualstar’s largest customer totaled approximately

23.5%

and

12.6%

of revenues for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

respectively. At

December 31, 2019,

the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately

23.4%

of net accounts receivable. At

December 31, 2018,

the largest customer’s accounts receivable balance, net of specific allowances, totaled approximately

2.0%

of net accounts receivable.

Suppliers, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Suppliers

The primary suppliers of our power supplies segment,

N2Power,

are located in China. The primary suppliers of our tape storage products are located in California and Germany. If a manufacturer should be unable to deliver products to us in a timely basis or at all, our power supply or data storage business could be adversely affected. Though we have many years of favorable experience with these suppliers, there can be

no

assurance that circumstances might

not

change and compel a supplier to curtail or terminate deliveries to us.

Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands):

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions (1)			Balance at End of Period
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019	$	57	$	—	$	—	$	(17	)	$	40
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018	$	54	$	8	$	—	$	(5	)	$	57

( 1 ) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment

, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Machinery and equipment (in years)	5	-	7
Furniture and fixtures (in years)	5	-	7
Leasehold Improvements (in years)	3	-	5
Computer equipment (in years)	3	-	5

Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or retirement of property or equipment, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Long-Lived Assets

Qualstar reviews the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of any asset

may

not

be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the amount of the loss to be recorded is based upon an estimate of the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition and other valuation methods.

No

impairment losses of long-lived assets were recognized during the periods presented.

Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block]

Shipping and Handling Costs

Qualstar records all customer charges for outbound shipping and handling to freight revenue. All inbound and outbound shipping and fulfillment costs are classified as costs of goods sold.

Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Warranty Obligations

We provide a

three

-year advance replacement warranty on all XLS and RLS libraries and a

two

-year warranty on our Q-Series libraries. This includes replacement of components, or if necessary, complete libraries. XLS libraries sold in North America also include

one

year of onsite service. Customers

may

purchase on-site service if they are located in the United States, Canada, and selected countries in Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. All customers

may

purchase extended warranty service coverage upon expiration of the standard warranty.

We provide a

three

-year warranty on all power supplies that includes repair or if necessary, replacement of the power supply.

A provision for costs related to warranty expense is recorded when revenue is recognized, which is estimated based on historical warranty costs incurred. 

Activity in the liability for product warranty (included in other accrued liabilities) for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Beginning balance	$	365		$	322
Cost of warranty claims		(21	)		(15	)
Accruals for product warranties		(54	)		58
Ending balance	$	290		$	365

Research, Development, and Computer Software, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Engineering

All engineering costs are charged to expense as incurred. These costs consist primarily of engineering salaries, benefits, outside consultant fees, purchased parts and supplies directly involved in the design and development of new products, facilities and other internal costs.

Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block]

Advertising

Advertising and promotion expenses include costs associated with direct and indirect marketing, trade shows and public relations. Qualstar expenses all costs of advertising and promotion as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses for the years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018

were approximately

$82,000

and

$92,000,

respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value Measurements

We determine fair value measurements based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, we follow the following fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (

1

) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (

2

) our own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs):

Level 

1:

  Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Level 

2:

  Other inputs observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroborated inputs; and

Level 

3:

  Unobservable inputs for which there is little or

no

market data and which requires the owner of the assets or liabilities to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price these assets or liabilities.

Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and

may

affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash measured at fair value on a recurring basis at

December 31, 2019

and

2018

(in thousands):

	December 31, 201 9
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	3,863	$	-	$	-	$	3,863	$	3,863
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	3,963	$	-	$	-	$	3,963	$	3,963

	December 31, 201 8
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	4,781	$	-	$	-	$	4,781	$	4,781
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	4,881	$	-	$	-	$	4,881	$	4,881

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period (vesting can be immediate or over a period of

four

years) of the stock award using the straight-line method.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carry forwards. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. A valuation allowance is established when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than

not

that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will

not

be realized.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings

per Share

Basic net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of diluted common shares, which is inclusive of common stock equivalents from unexercised stock options.  Unexercised stock options are considered to be common stock equivalents if, using the treasury stock method, they are determined to be dilutive.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent accounting guidance

not

yet adopted

In

December 2019,

the FASB issued ASU

2019

-

12,

Income Taxes

, which is intended to simplify the accounting standard and improve the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. We intend to implement this new accounting guidance effective

January 1, 2021,

however early adoption is permitted. we are currently assessing the impact this new accounting guidance will have on our financial statements.

Recent accounting guidance adopted

FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

ASU

2018

-

09,

ASU

2018

-

10,

2018

-

11,

and

2019

-

01

to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements and to provide guidance related to accounting for leases, such as the application of an implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification and certain transition adjustments. The Company elected ASU-

11’s

alternative transition approach of recording lease liabilities and right-of-use assets via a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption. Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2016

-

02,

ASU

2018

-

09,

ASU

2018

-

10,

2018

-

11

and

2019

-

0.

The result is the recording of the lease liability and the right-of-use asset to the balance sheet and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.

In

June 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

2018

-

07

as a simplification for the accounting for non-employee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of Topic

718,

Compensation-Stock Compensation. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018.

Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2018

-

07

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In

February 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

2018

-

02

to provide guidance related to adjustments for deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the changes created by the U.S. federal government tax bill enacted

December 22, 2017.

This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018.

Effective

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2018

-

02

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

XML

Note 5 - Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017
Expected lives, in years		5.0
Estimated volatility		36.89%
Dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate		1.92%
Weighted average fair value on grant date		$2.50

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

Options	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		188,033		$	7.38		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		(5,500	)		7.08		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(4,533	)		15.23		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		178,000			7.19		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		—			—		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(16,667	)		7.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—
Exercisable at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—

XML

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Number of Operating Segments	2
Number of Subsidiaries	4
Contract with Customer, Liability, Total	$ 949,000	$ 863,000
Deferred Profit	0	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	100,000	100,000
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Held-for-use	$ 0	0
Power Supplies and Repair Warranty, Term	3 years
Advertising Expense	$ 82,000	$ 92,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
XLS and RLS Libraries [Member]
Advance Replacement Warranty Period	3 years
Q-Series Libraries [Member]
Advance Replacement Warranty Period	2 years
North America [Member] | XLS Libraries [member]
Warranty, Onsite Service Period	1 year
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Largest Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	23.50%	12.60%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Outside North America [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	58.80%	43.10%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Largest Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	23.40%	2.00%

XML

Note 7 - Net Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	161,333	4,666

XML

Note 5 - Stock Based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 18, 2019	Oct. 29, 2019	Apr. 13, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense				$ 139,000	$ 0
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense, Tax Benefit				$ 0	$ 0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Ending Balance				161,333	178,000	188,033
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross				0	0
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount, Total				$ 0	$ 0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested, Number of Shares					0
Plan 2017 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized				300,000
Plan 2008 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant				0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Ending Balance				3,333
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Plan 2017 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period		50,000	50,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period	25,000
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Plan 2017 [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period	25,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number, Ending Balance		25,000
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Plan 2017 [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number, Ending Balance		25,000

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Qualstar's Effective Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statutory federal income tax benefit	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	(7.90%)	6.60%
Foreign income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	(13.20%)
Deferred tax adjustment – NOL	42.60%
Valuation allowance	8.20%	(26.60%)
Other	0.20%	(0.60%)
Effective income tax rate	50.90%	0.40%

XML

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 57	$ 54
Charged to Costs and Expenses		8
Charged to Other Accounts
Deductions	(17)	(5)
Balance at End of Period	$ 40	$ 57

XML

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions (1)			Balance at End of Period
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019	$	57	$	—	$	—	$	(17	)	$	40
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018	$	54	$	8	$	—	$	(5	)	$	57

Estimated Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

Machinery and equipment (in years)	5	-	7
Furniture and fixtures (in years)	5	-	7
Leasehold Improvements (in years)	3	-	5
Computer equipment (in years)	3	-	5

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]

	December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Beginning balance	$	365		$	322
Cost of warranty claims		(21	)		(15	)
Accruals for product warranties		(54	)		58
Ending balance	$	290		$	365

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	December 31, 201 9
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	3,863	$	-	$	-	$	3,863	$	3,863
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	3,963	$	-	$	-	$	3,963	$	3,963

	December 31, 201 8
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents
Level 1:
Cash	$	4,781	$	-	$	-	$	4,781	$	4,781
Restricted Cash		100		-		-		100		100
Total	$	4,881	$	-	$	-	$	4,881	$	4,881

XML

Note 7 - Net Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	December 31, 201 9			December 31, 201 8
In thousands (except per share amounts):
Net income (a)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (b)		1,925			2,030
Dilutive potential common shares from employee stock options		-			27
Common stock and common stock equivalents (c)		1,925			2,057
Income per share:
Basic net income per share (a)/(b)	$	0.00		$	0.73
Diluted net income per share (a)/(c)	$	0.00		$	0.72

XML

Note 4 - Preferred Stock (Details Textual) - shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding, Ending Balance	0	0

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes - Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes (Details) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Net operating loss benefit	$ 0	$ 288
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Net operating loss benefit	$ 35	$ 97

XML

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) - Stock Repurchase Program [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended		13 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 05, 2018
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount				$ 2,400,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased				409,000
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares	18,102	129,991	148,093

XML

Note 10 - Legal Proceedings (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Loss Contingency, Accrual, Current	$ 0	$ 100,000

XML

Note 8 - Commitments (Details Textual)					12 Months Ended
	Jun. 01, 2019 USD ($) ft²	May 22, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2016 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 15, 2014 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent					4.33%
Operating Lease, Impairment Loss					$ 0
Operating Lease, Liability, Current					252,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent					453,000
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset					676,000
Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net, Total					$ 164,000	$ 151,000
Lease for Headquarters [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²	9,910
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	5 years 60 days
Operating Lease Monthly Rent	$ 9,910
Monthly Rent Step-up Percentage	3.00%
Simi Valley California [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²				15,160
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract				3 years
Operating Lease Monthly Rent		$ 12,886		$ 11,000
Monthly Rent Step-up Percentage				3.00%
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term				3 years
Stillwater Agency, Inc. [Member]
Operating Leases, Sublease, Percentage of Total Operating Expenses and Taxes Expense for Subleased Office Building		9.00%
Westlake Village, California [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²					5,400
Operating Lease Monthly Rent					$ 11,000
Monthly Rent Step-up Percentage					3.00%
Operating Leases, Monthly Sublease Rent					$ 12,000
Operating Leases, Sublease, Monthly Rent Step-up Percentage					3.00%
Lease in Singapore [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²			1,359
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract			2 years
Operating Lease Monthly Rent			$ 2,500

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information - Segment Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue	$ 13,439	$ 12,229
Power Supplies [Member]
Revenue	5,079	5,927
Data Storage [Member]
Revenue	8,360	6,302
Data Storage [Member] | Product [Member]
Revenue	4,194	3,111
Data Storage [Member] | Service [Member]
Revenue	$ 4,166	$ 3,191

XML

Note 7 - Net Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

Note

7

–

Net Earnings Per Share

Basic net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.   Diluted net earnings per share has been computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average common shares outstanding plus dilutive securities or other contracts to issue common stock as if these securities were exercised or converted to common stock.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income or loss per share for the periods indicated, in thousands, except per share amounts.

	December 31, 201 9			December 31, 201 8
In thousands (except per share amounts):
Net income (a)	$	(7	)	$	1,486
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (b)		1,925			2,030
Dilutive potential common shares from employee stock options		-			27
Common stock and common stock equivalents (c)		1,925			2,057
Income per share:
Basic net income per share (a)/(b)	$	0.00		$	0.73
Diluted net income per share (a)/(c)	$	0.00		$	0.72

For the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

161,333

and

4,666

outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

XML

Note 11 - Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]

Note 

1

1

 – Benefit Plans

Qualstar has a voluntary deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”) qualifying for treatment under Internal Revenue Code Section 

401

(k). All employees are eligible to participate in the Plan following

three

months of service of employment and

may

contribute up to

100%

of their compensation on a pre-tax basis,

not

to exceed the annual IRS maximum. Qualstar, at the discretion of management,

may

make matching contributions in an amount equal to

25%

of the

first

6%

of compensation contributed by eligible participants. Qualstar suspended the discretionary matching contribution effective

August 2009.

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,863,000	$ 4,781,000
Restricted cash	100,000	100,000
Accounts receivable, net	2,366,000	1,809,000
Inventories, net	2,540,000	2,897,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	211,000	180,000
Total current assets	9,080,000	9,767,000
Property and equipment, net	122,000	112,000
Right-of-use	676,000
Other assets	160,000	119,000
Total assets	10,038,000	9,998,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,029,000	1,023,000
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	192,000	185,000
Deferred service revenue	702,000	736,000
Lease liabilities, short term	252,000
Other accrued liabilities	368,000	559,000
Total current liabilities	2,543,000	2,503,000
Other long-term liabilities	52,000	40,000
Lease liabilities, long term	453,000
Deferred service revenue, long term	247,000	127,000
Total long-term liabilities	752,000	167,000
Total liabilities	3,295,000	2,670,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued	0	0
Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 1,925,025 and 2,030,017 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	18,848,000	19,426,000
Accumulated deficit	(12,105,000)	(12,098,000)
Total shareholders’ equity	6,743,000	7,328,000
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 10,038,000	$ 9,998,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (7)	$ 1,486
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	45	86
Loss on disposal of assets	31
Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts, net	(16)	3
Provision for inventory reserve	418	362
Share-based compensation	139
Amortization of right of use	(280)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(541)	(10)
Inventories	(61)	(1,695)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(73)	(68)
Accounts payable	6	(42)
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	7	12
Deferred service revenue	86	(64)
Lease liabilities	287
Other accrued liabilities	(157)	93
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(116)	163
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of equipment	(85)	(26)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(85)	(26)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Purchase of common stock	(717)	(93)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		39
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(717)	(54)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents	(918)	83
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	4,881	4,798
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	3,963	4,881
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$ 11	$ 32

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Raw materials	$ 199	$ 136
Finished goods	2,341	2,761
Inventories, net	$ 2,540	$ 2,897

XML

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	5 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	7 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	5 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	3 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	5 years
Computer Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	3 years
Computer Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life (Year)	5 years

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%	21.00%
Alternative Minimum Tax			$ 12,000
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	$ 2,700,000	$ 2,700,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Period Increase (Decrease), Total	527,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	30,700,000	30,400,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 19,000,000	$ 19,700,000

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Current:
Federal (Net of a 2018 net operating loss benefit of $288)	$	—		$	—
State (Net of a 2018 and 2019 net operating loss benefit of $35 and $97, respectively)		7			3
Foreign		5			1
Provision for income taxes	$	12		$	4
Deferred:
Federal		—			—
State		(30	)		—
Deferred income tax	$	(30	)	$	—
Net income tax expense	$	(18	)	$	4

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Statutory federal income tax benefit		21.0	%		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(7.9	)		6.6
Foreign income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(13.2	)		—
Deferred tax adjustment – NOL		42.6			—
Valuation allowance		8.2			(26.6	)
Other		0.2			(0.6	)
Effective income tax rate		50.9	%		0.4	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	7,734		$	7,675
Engineering credit carry forwards		1,920			1,919
Inventory reserves		503			558
Capital loss and other credit carry forwards		6			—
Allowance for bad debts and returns		13			16
Stock compensation		330			287
Capitalized inventory costs, stock compensation and other accuals		389			233
Total gross deferred tax assets		10,895			10,688
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		(10,686	)		(10,688	)
Net deferred tax assets		209			—
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and other		—			—
Right to use property		(179	)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities		(179	)		—
Net deferred taxes	$	30		$	—

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Beginning Balance	$	29	$	29
Increases related to tax positions taken in current year		—		—
Increases related to tax positions taken in prior year		—		—
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations		—		—
Related interest and penalties, net of federal tax benefit		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	29	$	29

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9		201 8
Revenue
Power Supplies	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage:
Product		4,194		3,111
Service		4,166		3,191
Total Data Storage	$	8,360	$	6,302
Total Revenue	$	13,439	$	12,229

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Income (loss) before Taxes
Power Supplies	$	(866	)	$	(153	)
Data Storage		841			1,643
Total Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$	(25	)	$	1,490

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Total Assets
Power Supplies
Cash and cash equivalents	$	527	$	381
Accounts receivable, net		840		1,048
Inventories, net		872		1,576
Property and equipment		11		47
Other assets		107		102
		2,357		3,154
Data Storage
Cash and cash equivalents		3,336		4,400
Restricted cash		100		100
Accounts receivable, net		1,526		761
Inventories, net		1,668		1,321
Property and equipment		111		65
Right of use		676		-
Other assets		264		197
		7,681		6,844
Total Assets	$	10,038	$	9,998

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9		201 8
Total Revenue:
North America	$	7,900	$	6,957
Europe		1,696		1,849
Asia Pacific		3,787		3,276
Other		56		147
	$	13,439	$	12,229
Power Supply Revenue:
North America		3,507		3,356
Europe		1,118		1,220
Asia Pacific		454		1,351
Other		—		—
	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage Revenue:
North America		4,393		3,601
Europe		578		629
Asia Pacific		3,333		1,925
Other		56		147
	$	8,360	$	6,302

XML

Note 12 - Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Interlink Electronics, Inc. [Member]
Due to Related Parties, Total	$ 25,000	$ 3,000
Interlink Electronics, Inc. [Member] | Administrative Services Provided to Related Party [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	39,000	17,000
Due from Related Parties, Total	5,000	2,000
Related Party Transaction, Payment Per Month	40,000
Interlink Electronics, Inc. [Member] | Reimbursement of Expenses Paid by Company [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	264,000	213,000
BKF Capital Group, Inc. [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	2,000	1,000
Due to Related Parties, Total	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Note 5 - Stock Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Expected lives (Year)	5 years
Estimated volatility	36.89%
Dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate	1.92%
Weighted average fair value on grant date (in dollars per share)	$ 2.50

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 7,734	$ 7,675
Engineering credit carry forwards	1,920	1,919
Inventory reserves	503	558
Capital loss and other credit carry forwards	6
Allowance for bad debts and returns	13	16
Stock compensation	330	287
Capitalized inventory costs, stock compensation and other accuals	389	233
Total gross deferred tax assets	10,895	10,688
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	(10,686)	(10,688)
Net deferred tax assets	209
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and other
Right to use property	(179)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(179)
Net deferred taxes	$ 30

XML

Note 8 - Commitments - Other Information Related to Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Weighted average remaining lease term in years (Year)	1 year 189 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.33%
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 348
Operating cash flows from finance leases
Financing cash flows from finance leases

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information - Segment Total Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,863,000	$ 4,781,000
Accounts receivable, net	2,366,000	1,809,000
Inventories, net	2,540,000	2,897,000
Property and equipment	122,000	112,000
Other assets	160,000	119,000
	10,038,000	9,998,000
Restricted cash	100,000	100,000
Right of use	676,000
Power Supplies [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	527,000	381,000
Accounts receivable, net	840,000	1,048,000
Inventories, net	872,000	1,576,000
Property and equipment	11,000	47,000
Other assets	107,000	102,000
	2,357,000	3,154,000
Data Storage [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	3,336,000	4,400,000
Accounts receivable, net	1,526,000	761,000
Inventories, net	1,668,000	1,321,000
Property and equipment	111,000	65,000
Other assets	264,000	197,000
	7,681,000	6,844,000
Restricted cash	100,000	100,000
Right of use	$ 676,000

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Accrued Payroll and Related Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes	$ 69	$ 66
Accrued vacation	123	119
Accrued bonuses
Total accrued payroll and related liabilities	$ 192	$ 185

XML

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Restricted Cash	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Total	3,963,000	4,881,000	$ 4,798,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Cash	3,863,000	4,781,000
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Restricted Cash	100,000	100,000
Total	$ 3,963,000	$ 4,881,000

XML

Note 5 - Stock Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 

5

 –Stock Based Compensation

The Company granted to Steven N. Bronson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer,

50,000

restricted stock units (the “Restricted Stock Units”) for shares of the Company’s common stock under the terms of the Company’s

2017

Stock Option and Incentive Plan and an associated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Bronson (the “Restricted Stock Unit Agreement”).  The Restricted Stock Units were awarded pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Bronson on

April 13, 2019. 

25,000

of the

50,000

restricted stock units vested and the underlying

25,000

shares of common stock became issuable as approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee on

December 18, 2019.

The share-based compensation of

$139,000

was recorded for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019.

No

share-based compensation associated with outstanding stock options and restricted stock grants was recorded during the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2018. 

No

income tax benefit was recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for share-based arrangements in any period presented.

Stock Option Plan

The Company has

two

share-based compensation plans as described below.

Qualstar adopted the

2008

Stock Incentive Plan (the

“2008

Plan”) under which incentive and nonqualified stock options and restricted stock

may

be granted for shares of common stock. The

2008

Plan expired in

2018

and

no

additional options

may

be granted under that plan. However,

3,333

options that were previously granted under the

2008

Plan will continue under their terms.

The

2017

Stock Incentive Plan (the

“2017

Plan”) permits the award of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock, performance shares, dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards to employees (including executive officers), directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. The

2017

Plan authorizes the issuance of an aggregate of

300,000

shares of common stock and the plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

With respect to options, the fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses various assumptions, such as volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rate. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination in determining forfeiture rates. The expected term of options granted is estimated based on the vesting term of the award, historical employee exercise behavior, expected volatility of the Company’s stock and an employee’s average length of service. The risk-free interest rate used in this model correlates to a U.S. constant rate Treasury security with a contractual life that approximates the expected term of the option award.

No

options were granted in the fiscal years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of stock options granted in the fiscal year ended

December 31, 2017.

	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017
Expected lives, in years		5.0
Estimated volatility		36.89%
Dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate		1.92%
Weighted average fair value on grant date		$2.50

The following table summarizes all stock option activity:

Options	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		188,033		$	7.38		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		(5,500	)		7.08		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(4,533	)		15.23		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		178,000			7.19		8.63		—
Granted		—			—		—		—
Exercised		—			—		—		—
Forfeited, canceled or expired		(16,667	)		7.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—
Exercisable at December 31, 2019		161,333		$	7.17		7.49		—

At

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

 there is

no

unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation awards granted.

No

options vested during the years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018.

Restricted Stock Units

On

October 29, 2019,

the Company granted to Steven N. Bronson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer,

50,000

restricted stock units (the “Restricted Stock Units”) for shares of the Company’s common stock under the terms of the Company’s

2017

Stock Option and Incentive Plan and an associated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Bronson (the “Restricted Stock Unit Agreement”). The Restricted Stock Units were awarded pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Bronson on

April 13, 2019.

For each of the fiscal years ended

December 31, 2019

and

December 31, 2020,

Restricted Stock Units for

25,000

shares of the Company’s common stock shall vest and the underlying common stock shall become issuable subject to the Company’s achievement of financial and performance objectives for the applicable fiscal year established by the Company’s Compensation Committee. Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, unvested Restricted Stock Units shall also vest and the underlying common stock shall become issuable upon Mr. Bronson’s death or disability, in the event the Company terminates Mr. Bronson’s employment without cause or if Mr. Bronson terminates his employment with the Company for good reason, and in the event of a change in control of the Company. The Compensation Committee approved vesting for the

25,000

shares on

December 18, 2019.

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 

9

 – Segment Information

Based on the provisions of ASC

280,

“Segment Reporting,” and the manner in which the Chief Operating Decision Maker analyzes the business, Qualstar has determined that it has

two

separate operating segments: power supply and data storage. Segment revenue, loss before income taxes and total assets were as follows, in thousands:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9		201 8
Revenue
Power Supplies	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage:
Product		4,194		3,111
Service		4,166		3,191
Total Data Storage	$	8,360	$	6,302
Total Revenue	$	13,439	$	12,229

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Income (loss) before Taxes
Power Supplies	$	(866	)	$	(153	)
Data Storage		841			1,643
Total Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$	(25	)	$	1,490

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Total Assets
Power Supplies
Cash and cash equivalents	$	527	$	381
Accounts receivable, net		840		1,048
Inventories, net		872		1,576
Property and equipment		11		47
Other assets		107		102
		2,357		3,154
Data Storage
Cash and cash equivalents		3,336		4,400
Restricted cash		100		100
Accounts receivable, net		1,526		761
Inventories, net		1,668		1,321
Property and equipment		111		65
Right of use		676		-
Other assets		264		197
		7,681		6,844
Total Assets	$	10,038	$	9,998

In its operation of the business, management reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis consistent with GAAP. Our

two

segments are power supplies and data storage. The

two

segments discussed in this analysis are presented in the way we internally managed and monitored performance for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019.

Internal resources were billed for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018.

Until the creation of our subsidiary to operate our power supply business, the power supplies segment tracked certain assets separately, and all others were recorded in the data storage segment for internal reporting presentations. Upon the creation of

N2Power,

Inc., the assets were separated, and the internal resources were billed appropriately.

The types of products and services provided by each segment are summarized below:

Power Supplies

 — The Company designs, manufactures, and sells small, open frame, high efficiency switching power supplies. These power supplies are used to convert AC line voltage to DC voltages, or DC voltages to other DC voltages for use in a wide variety of electronic equipment such as telecommunications equipment, machine tools, routers, switches, wireless systems and gaming devices.

Data Storage

 — The Company configures to order, supports and sells data storage devices used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in network computing environments. Tape libraries consist of cartridge tape drives, tape cartridges and robotics to move the cartridges from their storage locations to the tape drives under software control. Our tape libraries provide data storage solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical data.

Geographic Information

Information regarding revenues attributable to Qualstar’s primary geographic operating regions is as follows, in thousands:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9		201 8
Total Revenue:
North America	$	7,900	$	6,957
Europe		1,696		1,849
Asia Pacific		3,787		3,276
Other		56		147
	$	13,439	$	12,229
Power Supply Revenue:
North America		3,507		3,356
Europe		1,118		1,220
Asia Pacific		454		1,351
Other		—		—
	$	5,079	$	5,927
Data Storage Revenue:
North America		4,393		3,601
Europe		578		629
Asia Pacific		3,333		1,925
Other		56		147
	$	8,360	$	6,302

The geographic classification of revenues is based upon the location to which the product is shipped. Qualstar does

not

have any significant long-lived assets outside of the United States.

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 

2

 – Balance Sheet Details

Inventories

, net

Inventories consist of the following, in thousands:

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Raw materials	$	199	$	136
Finished goods		2,341		2,761
Inventories, net	$	2,540	$	2,897

Property and Equipment

, net

The components of property and equipment are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Leasehold improvements	$	163		$	114
Furniture and fixtures		268			286
Machinery and equipment		609			844
Total property and equipment		1,040			1,244
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(918	)		(1,132	)
Property and equipment, net	$	122		$	112

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018

was

$45,000

and 

$85,000,

respectively.

Accrued Payroll and Related Liabilities

The components of accrued payroll and related liabilities are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes	$	69	$	66
Accrued vacation		123		119
Accrued bonuses		-		-
Total accrued payroll and related liabilities	$	192	$	185

Other Accrued Liabilities

The components of other accrued liabilities are as follows, in thousands:

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Accrued warranty	$	290	$	365
Accrued commissions		55		41
Accrued contingent legal fees		-		100
Accrued deferred rent		-		22
Other accrued liabilities		23		31
Total other accrued liabilities	$	368	$	559

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Net revenues	$ 13,439	$ 12,229
Cost of goods sold	9,916	7,184
Gross profit	3,523	5,045
Operating expenses:
Engineering	588	502
Sales and marketing	1,397	1,337
General and administrative	1,608	1,716
Total operating expenses	3,593	3,555
Income (loss) from operations	(70)	1,490
Other income	45
Income (loss) before income taxes	(25)	1,490
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(18)	4
Net income (loss)	(7)	1,486
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ (7)	$ 1,486
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0.73
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0.72
Shares used to compute net income (loss) per share:
Basic (in shares)	1,925	2,030
Diluted (in shares)	1,925	2,057

XML

Note 13 - Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

Note 

1

3

 – Subsequent Events

Our

first

quarter of

2020

has been impacted by the extended Chinese New Year holiday and the unprecedented change in the global business environment brought on by COVID-

19.

At this time, in our power supply business, we are experiencing a delay in shipping dates to our customers, as our subcontracted manufacturers rebuild to full capacity. Although the Company has experienced few cancellations at this time, the Company is also seeing customers delay orders in both business segments.

XML

Note 8 - Commitments - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
2020, Minimum Lease Payment	$ 277
2020, Sublease Revenue	(167)
2020, Net Minimum Lease Payment	110
2021, Minimum Lease Payment	148
2021, Sublease Revenue	(26)
2021, Net Minimum Lease Payment	122
2022, Minimum Lease Payment	129
2022, Sublease Revenue
2022, Net Minimum Lease Payment	129
2023, Minimum Lease Payment	133
2023, Sublease Revenue
2023, Net Minimum Lease Payment	133
2024, Minimum Lease Payment	79
2024, Sublease Revenue
2024, Net Minimum Lease Payment	79
After, Minimum Lease Payment
After, Sublease Revenue
After, Net Minimum Lease Payment
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments	766
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments	(193)
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments	573
Less: Imputed interest, Minimum Lease Payment	(61)
Less: Imputed interest, Sublease Revenue
Less: Imputed interest, Net Minimum Lease Payment	(61)
Present value of lease liabilities, Minimum Lease Payment	705
Present value of lease liabilities, Sublease Revenue	(193)
Present value of lease liabilities, Net Minimum Lease Payment	$ 512

XML

Note 9 - Segment Information - Segment Income (Loss) Before Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income (loss) before taxes	$ (25)	$ 1,490
Power Supplies [Member]
Income (loss) before taxes	(866)	(153)
Data Storage [Member]
Income (loss) before taxes	$ 841	$ 1,643

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Other Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued warranty	$ 290	$ 365
Accrued commissions	55	41
Accrued professional fees		100
Accrued deferred rent		22
Other accrued liabilities	23	31
Total other accrued liabilities	$ 368	$ 559

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Depreciation, Total	$ 45,000	$ 85,000

XML

Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 09, 2020	Jun. 28, 2019
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	QUALSTAR CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000758938
Trading Symbol	qbak
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		1,925,025
Entity Public Float			$ 5.8
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock

XML

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	2,043,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 19,480		$ (13,584)	$ 5,896
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	5,000			5,500
Exercise of stock options	$ 39			$ 39
Stock repurchase (in shares)	(18,000)
Stock repurchase	$ (93)			(93)
Share-based compensation (in shares)
Share-based compensation
Net income (loss)			1,486	1,486
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	2,030,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 19,426		(12,098)	$ 7,328
Exercise of stock options (in shares)
Exercise of stock options
Stock repurchase (in shares)	(130,000)
Stock repurchase	$ (717)			(717)
Share-based compensation (in shares)	25,000
Share-based compensation	$ 139			139
Net income (loss)			(7)	(7)
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	1,925,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 18,848		$ (12,105)	$ 6,743

XML

Note 12 - Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 

1

2

 – Related Party Transactions 

Steven N. Bronson is the Company’s CEO and is also the President and CEO and a majority shareholder of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (“Interlink”) and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (“BKF”). Interlink reimburses Qualstar for leased space at the Camarillo facility and, previously the Simi Valley facility and for other administrative expenses paid by or on behalf of the Company. The total amount charged to Interlink for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

was

$39,000

and

$17,000,

respectively. Interlink owed Qualstar

$5,000

and

$2,000

at

December 31, 2019

and

December 31, 2018,

respectively.

The Company reimburses Interlink for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. On

December 1, 2017,

the Company entered into various Consulting Agreements with Interlink. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreements, Interlink performs marketing and administrative services to the Company. Interlink receives approximately,

$40,000

per month, plus expenses for these services. Also, Interlink occasionally pays travel and other expenses incurred by Qualstar employees. The Company reimbursed Interlink

$264,000

and

$213,000

for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

respectively. Qualstar owed Interlink

$25,000

and

$3,000,

at

December 31, 2019

and

December 31, 2018,

respectively.

The Company reimburses BKF for expenses paid on the Company’s behalf. BKF occasionally pays consulting expenses incurred by Qualstar. The Company reimbursed BKF

$2,000

and

$1,000

for the

twelve

months ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

respectively.

No

amount was owed to BKF as of

December 31, 2019

and

2018.

XML

Note 4 - Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Preferred Stock [Text Block]

Note 

4

 – Preferred Stock

Qualstar’s Articles of Incorporation allow for the Board of Directors to issue up to

5,000,000

 shares of preferred stock. The Board of Directors has authority to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of these shares of preferred stock without any future vote or action by the shareholders. At

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

there were

no

outstanding shares of preferred stock.

XML

Note 8 - Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 

8

 – Commitments

Lease Agreements

The Company has entered into a new lease in Camarillo, California for its corporate headquarters beginning

June 1, 2019.

The facility is

9,910

square feet and is a

5

year and

two

-month lease, expiring

July 31, 2024.

The rent on this facility is

$9,910

per month with a

3%

step-up annually. Qualstar subleases a portion of the warehouse space to Interlink Electronics, Inc. (“Interlink”) and BKF Capital Group, Inc. (“BKF”) and is reimbursed for the space and other related expenses on a monthly basis. As described in Note

12,

Interlink and BKF are related parties.

Qualstar leases a

15,160

square foot facility located in Simi Valley, California. The

three

-year lease began

December 15, 2014

and has been renewed for an additional

three

years, expiring

February 28, 2021.

Rent on this facility is

$11,000

 per month with a step-up of

3%

annually. On

May 22, 2019,

Qualstar entered into a Standard Sublease Multi-Tenant (the “Sublease”), with Stillwater Agency, Inc., a California corporation (“Stillwater”), for the Simi Valley location, which previously served as Qualstar’s corporate headquarters location and principal executive office. The term of the Sublease commenced on

July 15, 2019

and ends on

February 28, 2021 (

the “Term”). The base rent under the Sublease is approximately

$12,886

per month. Stillwater is also responsible for approximately

nine

percent (

9%

) of certain operating expenses and taxes associated with the office building in which the leased premises are located. Prior to entering the Sublease, Qualstar subleased a portion of the warehouse space to Interlink and was reimbursed for the space and other related expenses on a monthly basis.

Qualstar also leases approximately

5,400

 square feet of office space in Westlake Village, California, that expires

January 31, 2020,

and will

not

be renewed. Rent on this facility is

$11,000

per month, with a step-up of

3%

annually. Effective

March 21, 2016,

Qualstar entered into a sublease agreement for the Westlake Village facility. The term of the sublease expires at the same time as the term of the master lease and the tenant pays Qualstar

$12,000

per month with a step-up of

3%

annually.

Effective

April 1, 2016,

a

two

-year lease was signed for

1,359

square feet for

$2,500

per month in Singapore, which has been renewed until

March 31, 2020.

This lease will

not

be renewed.

Such leases do

not

require any contingent rental payments, impose any financial restrictions, or contain any residual value guarantees.  Variable expenses generally represent the Company’s share of the landlord’s operating expenses.  The Company does

not

have any leases classified as financing leases.

The rate implicit in each lease is

not

readily determinable, and we therefore use our incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to determine the initial value of right of use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities during the fiscal year ended

December 31, 2019

was

4.33%,

derived from borrowing rate quotes as obtained from the Company’s business bank. We have certain contracts for real estate which

may

contain lease and non-lease components which we have elected to treat as a single lease component.

Right of use assets for operating leases are periodically reduced by impairment losses. We use the long-lived assets impairment guidance in ASC Subtopic

360

-

10,

Property, Plant, and Equipment – Overall, to determine whether a ROU asset is impaired, and if so, the amount of the impairment loss to recognize.  As of

December 31, 2019,

we have

not

recognized any impairment losses for our ROU assets.

We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of

one

of our leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in profit or loss.   

At

December 31, 2019,

the Company had current and long-term operating lease liabilities of

$252,000

and

$453,000,

respectively, and right of use assets of

$676,000.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases are as follows, in thousands, (unaudited):

Years Ending December 31,	Minimum Lease Payment			Sublease Revenue			Net Minimum Lease Payment
2020	$	277		$	(167	)	$	110
2021		148			(26	)		122
2022		129			-			129
2023		133			-			133
2024		79			-			79
After		-			-			-
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments		766			(193	)		573
Less: Imputed interest		(61	)		-			(61	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	705		$	(193	)	$	512

In the Company's financial statements for periods prior to

January 1, 2019,

the Company accounts for leases under ASC

840,

and provides for rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Net rent expense for the years ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018

was

$164,000

and

$151,000,

respectively.

Other information related to our operating leases is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31 , 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		1.52
Weighted average discount rate		4.33	%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	348
Operating cash flows from finance leases		-
Financing cash flows from finance leases		-

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 

3

 – Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Current:
Federal (Net of a 2018 net operating loss benefit of $288)	$	—		$	—
State (Net of a 2018 and 2019 net operating loss benefit of $35 and $97, respectively)		7			3
Foreign		5			1
Provision for income taxes	$	12		$	4
Deferred:
Federal		—			—
State		(30	)		—
Deferred income tax	$	(30	)	$	—
Net income tax expense	$	(18	)	$	4

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to Qualstar’s effective income tax rate:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	201 9			201 8
Statutory federal income tax benefit		21.0	%		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(7.9	)		6.6
Foreign income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		(13.2	)		—
Deferred tax adjustment – NOL		42.6			—
Valuation allowance		8.2			(26.6	)
Other		0.2			(0.6	)
Effective income tax rate		50.9	%		0.4	%

The tax effect of temporary differences resulted in deferred income tax assets (liabilities) as follows (in thousands):

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	7,734		$	7,675
Engineering credit carry forwards		1,920			1,919
Inventory reserves		503			558
Capital loss and other credit carry forwards		6			—
Allowance for bad debts and returns		13			16
Stock compensation		330			287
Capitalized inventory costs, stock compensation and other accuals		389			233
Total gross deferred tax assets		10,895			10,688
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		(10,686	)		(10,688	)
Net deferred tax assets		209			—
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and other		—			—
Right to use property		(179	)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities		(179	)		—
Net deferred taxes	$	30		$	—

On

December 22, 2017,

H.R.

1

(the “Tax Act”), originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, was enacted in the United States. In addition to reducing the corporate tax rate to

21%

effective

January 1, 2018,

the Tax Act contains many other tax provisions that affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities. The majority of these new provisions are also effective as of

January 1, 2018,

though there are a few that are effective during the

2017

calendar year. Although for

2017

the Company had federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) of approximately

$12,000,

the Tax Act eliminated the AMT effective

January 1, 2018,

and provides that any AMT credit carryforwards will be refunded. Accordingly, the

2017

AMT tax liability is being treated as a receivable, and was

not

treated as a current tax expense in

2017.

In addition, the Tax Act provided new rules related to global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). The Tax Act provides that a U.S. shareholder of any controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) must include in taxable income its pro rata shares of GILTI income. The Company accounts for taxes related to GILTI as such income is incurred, however, currently, the Company’s share of GILTI income is immaterial.

As previously indicated, the Company records a valuation allowance against its net deferred income tax assets in accordance with ASC

740

“Income Taxes” when in management’s judgment, it is more likely than

not

that the deferred income tax assets will

not

be realized in the foreseeable future. For the year ended

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

the Company placed a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. With the exception of a small amount of deferred California taxes, the Company continues to fully offset its deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance, despite generating income in

2018

and

2017

given the Company’s significant book losses prior to

2017

and the current year book and tax loss. With regard to California deferred tax assets, since Qualstar files on a separate company basis, and Qualstar generated book income for

2017

and

2018,

and a small loss for

2019,

the Company expects to generate income in the subsequent year, therefore the Company reduced a small amount of the valuation allowance related to Qualstar’s separate company net operating loss carryovers.

The Company had net operating loss carry-forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately

$30.7

million as of

December 31, 2019

and

$30.4

million as of

December 31, 2018.  

The Company had net operating loss carry-forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately

$19.0

million as of

December 31, 2019

and

$19.7

million as of

December 31, 2018.

The Company had engineering and other credit carryforwards for tax purposes of

$2.7

million as of

December 31, 2019

and

$2.7

million as of

December 31, 2018.

If

not

utilized, the federal net operating loss will expire beginning in

2026,

and other tax credit carry-forwards will expire beginning in

2024.

If

not

utilized, the state net operating loss carry-forward as of

December 31, 2019

will begin to expire beginning in

2020.

  The state engineering credit has

no

limit on the carry-forward period.

For U.S. purposes, the Company has completed its evaluation, as of

December 31, 2017,

of the net operating loss (“NOL”) and credit carryforward utilization limitations under Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”) Section

382

and

383,

change of ownership rules. Code sections

382

and

383

impose certain limitations on the use of NOL or credit carryforwards in certain situations, including when a company has a change in ownership as defined in such sections. As of

December 31, 2017,

the Company has determined that it has

not

had a change in ownership within the meaning of IRC Sections

382

and

383.

Management, at the date of this filing, is of the opinion that its NOL and credit carryforwards that can be utilized each year.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s uncertain tax positions (in thousands):

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Beginning Balance	$	29	$	29
Increases related to tax positions taken in current year		—		—
Increases related to tax positions taken in prior year		—		—
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations		—		—
Related interest and penalties, net of federal tax benefit		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	29	$	29

The deferred tax asset amounts related to NOL and credit carryforwards have been reduced by approximately

$527,000

of uncertain tax positions. The Company expects that any future changes in the unrecognized tax benefit will have

no

impact on the Company’s effective tax rate due to the existence of the valuation allowance.

The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in income tax expense, but they are

not

significant at

December 31, 2019.

The Company files its tax returns by the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company’s federal tax returns for fiscal years

December 31, 2016

and subsequent and California tax returns for fiscal years

December 31, 2015

and subsequent, are still subject to examination. Various state and foreign jurisdictions’ tax years remain open to examination as well, though the Company believes any additional assessment will be immaterial to its consolidated financial statements. The Internal Revenue Service performed an audit of the tax period

December 31, 2017,

the result was

no

change. The Company does

not

have any open examinations as of

December 31, 2019.

As of

December 31, 2019,

the operations of Qualstar Limited were

not

material for tax purposes and had

no

significant impact on the year-end tax provision.

XML

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Raw materials	$	199	$	136
Finished goods		2,341		2,761
Inventories, net	$	2,540	$	2,897

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9			December 31, 201 8
Leasehold improvements	$	163		$	114
Furniture and fixtures		268			286
Machinery and equipment		609			844
Total property and equipment		1,040			1,244
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(918	)		(1,132	)
Property and equipment, net	$	122		$	112

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes	$	69	$	66
Accrued vacation		123		119
Accrued bonuses		-		-
Total accrued payroll and related liabilities	$	192	$	185

Schedule of Other Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	December 31 , 201 9		December 31, 201 8
Accrued warranty	$	290	$	365
Accrued commissions		55		41
Accrued contingent legal fees		-		100
Accrued deferred rent		-		22
Other accrued liabilities		23		31
Total other accrued liabilities	$	368	$	559

XML

Note 8 - Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Notes Tables

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Years Ending December 31,	Minimum Lease Payment			Sublease Revenue			Net Minimum Lease Payment
2020	$	277		$	(167	)	$	110
2021		148			(26	)		122
2022		129			-			129
2023		133			-			133
2024		79			-			79
After		-			-			-
Total undiscounted future non-cancelable minimum lease payments		766			(193	)		573
Less: Imputed interest		(61	)		-			(61	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	705		$	(193	)	$	512

Lessee, Operating Lease, Other Information [Table Text Block]

	Year Ended December 31 , 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		1.52
Weighted average discount rate		4.33	%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	348
Operating cash flows from finance leases		-
Financing cash flows from finance leases		-

XML

Note 11 - Benefit Plans (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Defined Contribution Plan, Maximum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent	100.00%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Match	25.00%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Employees' Gross Pay	6.00%

XML

Note 5 - Stock Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Outstanding, shares (in shares)	178,000	188,033
Weighted-average exercise price per share, outstanding (in dollars per share)	$ 7.19	$ 7.38
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, outstanding (Year)	7 years 178 days	8 years 229 days	8 years 229 days
Granted, shares (in shares)	0	0
Weighted-average exercise price per share, granted (in dollars per share)
Exercised, shares (in shares)		(5,500)
Weighted-average exercise price per share, exercised (in dollars per share)		$ 7.08
Forfeited, canceled or expired, shares (in shares)	(16,667)	(4,533)
Weighted-average exercise price per share, forfeited, canceled or expired (in dollars per share)	$ 7.38	$ 15.23
Outstanding, shares (in shares)	161,333	178,000	188,033
Weighted-average exercise price per share, outstanding (in dollars per share)	$ 7.17	$ 7.19	$ 7.38
Exercisable, shares (in shares)	161,333
Weighted-average exercise price per share, exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 7.17
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, exercisable (Year)	7 years 178 days

XML

Note 3 - Income Taxes - Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Beginning Balance	$ 29	$ 29
Increases related to tax positions taken in current year
Increases related to tax positions taken in prior year
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations
Related interest and penalties, net of federal tax benefit
Ending Balance	$ 29	$ 29