Share-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Share-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

12. Share-Based Compensation

During the first six months of 2011, we granted share-based compensation to eligible participants under our Long-Term Incentive Plan. We recognize expense on all share-based grants over the service period, which is the shorter of the period until the employees’ retirement eligibility dates or the service period of the award for awards expected to vest. Expense is generally reduced for estimated forfeitures. During the three months ended June 30, 2011, we recognized forfeitures of approximately $718,000.

STOCK OPTIONS

We granted stock options to purchase 662,032 shares of common stock during the first six months of 2011 with an exercise price equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The stock options generally become exercisable in four equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of grant, although they may become exercisable earlier in the event of death, disability, retirement or a change in control. The stock options generally expire 10 years from the date of grant, or earlier in the event of death, disability or retirement.

     We estimated the fair value of each stock option granted to be $10.60 on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted below. We based expected volatility on a 50% weighting of our historical volatilities and 50% weighting of our implied volatilities. The risk-free rate was based on zero coupon U.S. government issues at the time of grant. The expected term was developed using the simplified method, as permitted by the SEC because there is not sufficient historical stock option exercise experience available.

     The assumptions used in the valuation were as follows: expected volatility 55.88%, risk-free rate 2.85%, expected term (in years) 6.25 and expected dividends 0.

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS

We granted RSUs with respect to 444,901 shares of common stock during the first six months of 2011 that generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of grant. During the first six months of 2011, we also granted RSUs with respect to 35,000 shares of common stock that will vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of grant as a special retention award and with respect to an additional 35,000 shares of common stock that will vest upon the satisfaction of a specified performance goal. Generally, RSUs may vest earlier in the case of death, disability, retirement or a change in control. Each RSU is settled in a share of our common stock after the vesting period. The fair value of each RSU granted is equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Substantially all RSU’s granted during the first six months of 2011 had a fair value of $18.99.

PERFORMANCE SHARES

We granted 227,539 performance shares during the first six months of 2011. The performance shares generally vest after a three-year period based on our total stockholder return relative to the performance of the Dow Jones U.S. Construction and Materials Index, with adjustments to that index in certain circumstances, for the three-year period. The number of performance shares earned will vary from 0 to 200% of the number of performance shares awarded depending on that relative performance. Vesting will be pro-rated based on the number of full months employed during the performance period in the case of death, disability, retirement or a change-in-control, and pro-rated awards earned will be paid at the end of the three-year period. Each performance share earned will be settled in a share of our common stock.

     We estimated the fair value of each performance share granted to be $28.40 on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation that uses the assumptions noted below. Expected volatility is based on implied volatility of our traded options and the daily historical volatilities of our peer group. The risk-free rate was based on zero coupon U.S. government issues at the time of grant. The expected term represents the period from the valuation date to the end of the performance period.

     The assumptions used in the valuation were as follows: expected volatility 77.84%, risk-free rate 1.20%, expected term (in years) 2.89 and expected dividends 0.