Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Before Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s income before income taxes include the following:

Year Ended December 31,	2023		2022		2021
Domestic	$	3,913.7	$	2,322.9	$	1,391.4
Foreign		1,804.5		1,525.8		1,004.9
	$	5,718.2	$	3,848.7	$	2,396.3

Components of Provision for Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s provision for income taxes include the following:

Year Ended December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Current provision:
Federal	$	845.5		$	567.0		$	410.0
State		179.8			143.1			85.9
Foreign		395.8			335.0			243.5
		1,421.1			1,045.1			739.4
Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal		(141.5	)		(173.2	)		(176.0	)
State		(24.4	)		(42.0	)		(29.6	)
Foreign		(137.8	)		7.2			(3.0	)
		(303.7	)		(208.0	)		(208.6	)
	$	1,117.4		$	837.1		$	530.8

Reconciliation of Statutory U.S Federal Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Statutory rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%
Effect of:
State		2.3			2.1			2.0
Research and development tax credit		(.8	)		(1.0	)		(1.2	)
Tax on foreign earnings		.1			.5			1.1
Brasil valuation allowance release		(2.1	)
Other, net		(1.0	)		(.8	)		(.7	)
		19.5	%		21.8	%		22.2	%

Tax Effects of Temporary Differences Representing Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities and Balance Sheet Classification

The tax effects of temporary differences representing deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

At December 31,	2023			2022
Assets:
Accrued liabilities	$	314.3		$	252.2
R&D expense capitalization		257.1			153.6
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		144.8			128.0
Inventory adjustments		64.6			59.5
Allowance for losses on receivables		53.2			43.8
Other		132.2			95.6
		966.2			732.7
Valuation allowance		(2.3	)		(116.2	)
		963.9			616.5
Liabilities:
Financial Services leasing depreciation		(572.6	)		(558.9	)
Depreciation and amortization		(219.7	)		(227.3	)
Postretirement benefit plans		(144.5	)		(120.5	)
Other		(58.9	)		(59.2	)
		(995.7	)		(965.9	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(31.8	)	$	(349.4	)

The balance sheet classifications of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

At December 31,	2023			2022
Truck, Parts and Other:
Other noncurrent assets, net	$	502.6		$	199.0
Other liabilities		(78.8	)		(75.5	)
Financial Services:
Other assets		88.3			51.0
Deferred taxes and other liabilities		(543.9	)		(523.9	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(31.8	)	$	(349.4	)

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Balance at January 1	$	27.8		$	26.0		$	24.5
Additions for tax positions related to the current year		7.7			7.4			6.1
Additions for tax positions related to prior years		2.6			1.8			.8
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years		(1.6	)		(1.6	)
Lapse of statute of limitations		(5.3	)		(5.8	)		(5.4	)
Balance at December 31	$	31.2		$	27.8		$	26.0