Share-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

We maintain a share-based compensation plan (the Plan) that is administered by the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board of Directors. The Plan allows us to award or grant to officers, directors and employees incentive, non-qualified and deferred compensation stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), performance shares, and restricted and unrestricted stock. We use authorized and unissued common shares for grants of restricted stock or for stock option exercises. At December 31, 2019 approximately 1.4 million common shares were available for issuance under the Plan.

Restricted stock awarded under the Plan generally vests over one, three or five years. Certain restricted stock grants contain accelerated vesting provisions, based on the satisfaction of certain performance criteria related to the achievement of certain financial and operational results. Performance shares awarded under the Plan are issuable as restricted stock upon meeting performance goals and generally have a total performance and vesting period of three years. Stock options awarded under the Plan are generally subject to graded vesting over three years and expire seven to ten years from the date of grant. The options are granted at a price equal to fair market value at the date of grant. We did not grant any stock options in 2019 or 2018.

We recognize the fair value of stock-based compensation awards, which is based upon the market price of the underlying common stock at the grant date, on a straight-line basis over the estimated requisite service period, which may be based on a service condition, a performance condition, a market condition, or any combination of these. The fair value of performance shares as of the date of grant is estimated assuming that performance goals will be achieved at target levels. If such goals are not probable of being met, or are probable of being met at different levels, recognized compensation cost is adjusted to reflect the change in estimated fair value of restricted stock to be issued at the end of the performance period.

Total share-based compensation expense for December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $15.2 million and $16.0 million, with recognized tax benefits of $4.0 million and $4.1 million. Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards, net of estimated forfeitures, was $18.1 million at December 31, 2019. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years, based on the maximum remaining vesting period required under the awards. Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested performance share awards as of December 31, 2019 was $1.7 million and will be recognized primarily in 2020 if the related performance targets are met.

The following table summarizes the activity and value of nonvested restricted stock and performance share awards for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:



	2019				2018
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant-date Value Per Share		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant-date Value Per Share
Nonvested awards at beginning of year	2,585		$	19.94	1,760		$	31.88
Granted	3,624		5.29		2,249		15.34
Vested	(729	)	18.90		(615	)	31.60
Forfeited	(965	)	11.86		(809	)	22.59
Nonvested awards at end of year	4,515		9.69		2,585		19.94

The total fair value of restricted stock vesting during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $13.8 million and $19.5 million.