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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC No. 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  The Company maintains a partial valuation allowance against certain state deferred tax assets that the Company does not believe it is more-likely-than-not to realize.

The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. The Company's income tax expense for the three months ended October 31, 2017 was $1.7 million on pre-tax income of $4.2 million or an effective tax rate of 40.3 percent. The Company's income tax expense for the nine months ended October 31, 2017 was $3.2 million on pre-tax income of $8.5 million or an effective tax rate of 37.5 percent. For the three months ended October 31, 2016, the Company's income tax benefit was $17.8 million on pre-tax income of $6.2 million. The Company's income tax benefit for the nine months ended October 31, 2016 was $17.6 million on pre-tax income of $10.1 million.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 related to stock compensation in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Upon adoption, the balance of the unrecognized excess tax benefits of approximately $172,000 was recognized with the impact recorded to retained earnings.
See "Note 3. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" for more information regarding the implementation of ASU No. 2016-09.

In 2016, the Company closed its IRS examination for its tax return for the year ended January 31, 2013 with no changes. The January 31, 2014 and subsequent years remain open for examination by the IRS and state tax authorities. The Company is not currently under any state examination. The Company is currently under IRS examination for its fiscal year ended January 31, 2016 Federal tax return.