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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Hancock Holding Company "the Company" or "Hancock" is a financial holding company headquartered in Gulfport, Mississippi and operating in the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida and Texas. The Company operates through two wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, Hancock Bank, Gulfport, Mississippi (Hancock Bank) and Whitney Bank, New Orleans, Louisiana (Whitney Bank). Hancock Bank and Whitney Bank are referred to collectively as the "Banks." The Banks are community oriented and focus primarily on offering commercial, consumer and mortgage loans and deposit services to individuals and small to middle market businesses in their respective market areas. The Company's operating strategy is to provide its customers with the financial sophistication and breadth of products of a regional bank, while successfully retaining the local appeal and level of service of a community bank. The Banks or their subsidiaries also offer trust services, investment services and insurance agency services. Hancock Bank subsidiaries include Hancock Investment Services, Hancock Insurance Agency, and Harrison Finance Company.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and those generally practiced within the banking industry. The following is a summary of the more significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The accounting principles the Company follows and the methods for applying these principles conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with general practices followed by the banking industry. These accounting principles and practices require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value Accounting

Generally accepted accounting principles require the use of fair values in determining the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities in the financial statements, as well as for specific disclosures about certain assets and liabilities.

Accounting guidance established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to these valuation techniques used to measure fair value giving preference to quoted prices in active markets (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs such as a reporting entity's own data (level 3). Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, observable inputs other than quoted prices, such as interest rates and yield curves, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Acquisition Accounting

Acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Purchased assets, including identifiable intangibles, and assumed liabilities are recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. If the fair value of net assets purchased exceeds the consideration given, a "bargain purchase gain" is recognized. If the consideration given exceeds the fair value of the net assets received, goodwill is recognized. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available. Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. See Acquired Loans section below for accounting policy regarding loans acquired in a business combination.

All identifiable intangible assets that are acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately if they arise from contractual or other legal rights or if they are separable (i.e., capable of being sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged separately from the entity)

Securities

Securities are classified as trading, held to maturity or available for sale. Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates this classification periodically as conditions change that could require reclassification. All securities were classified as available for sale at December 31, 2011.

Available for sale securities are stated at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and unrealized holding losses, other than those determined to be other than temporary, are reported net of tax in other comprehensive income and in accumulated other comprehensive income, until realized. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized and accreted to interest income as an adjustment to the securities' yields using the interest method.

Realized gains and losses on securities, including declines in value judged to be other than temporary, are included in net securities gains and losses as a component of noninterest income. Gains and losses on the sales of securities available for sale are determined using the specific-identification method.

Loans

Originated loans

Loans originated for investment are reported at the principal balance outstanding net of unearned income. Interest on loans and accretion of unearned income, including deferred loan fees, are computed in a manner that approximates a level yield on recorded principal. Interest on loans is recognized in income as earned.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management's opinion, it is probable that the borrower will be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. When accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed and payments subsequently received are applied first to recover principal. Interest income is recognized for payments received after contractual principal has been satisfied. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest contractually due are brought current and future payment performance is reasonably assured.

It is the policy of the Company to promptly charge off commercial and mortgage loans, or portions of loans, when available information reasonably confirms that they are wholly or partially uncollectible. Prior to recognizing a loss, asset value is established based on an assessment of the value of the collateral securing the loan, the borrower's and the guarantor's ability and willingness to pay and the status of the account in bankruptcy court, if applicable. Consumer loans are generally charged down to the fair value of the collateral, if any, less estimated selling costs when the loan is 90 days past due, unless the loan is clearly both well secured and in the process of collection. Loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses with subsequent recoveries added back to the allowance.

.Acquired loans

Management has defined the loans purchased in the June 2011 Whitney acquisition as acquired loans. Acquired loans are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. Acquired loans were segregated between those considered to be credit impaired and those deemed performing. To make this determination, management considered such factors as past due status, nonaccrual status and credit risk ratings. The fair value of acquired performing loans was determined by discounting expected cash flows, both principal and interest, for each pool at prevailing market interest rates. The difference between the fair value and principal balances due at acquisition date, the fair value discount, is accreted into income over the estimated life of each loan pool.

Credit impaired acquired loans showed evidence of credit deterioration that makes it probable that all contractually required principal and interest payments will not be collected. Acquired loans were further segregated into pools using common risk characteristics such as loan type, geography and risk rating. Their fair value was initially based on an estimate of cash flows for each pool, both principal and interest, expected to be collected, discounted at prevailing market rates of interest. Management estimated cash flows using key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity rates assuming default, prepayment speeds and estimated collateral values. Each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected from a loan pool over its estimated fair value at acquisition is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income using an effective yield method over the remaining life of the loan pool. Subsequent to acquisition, management must update these estimates of cash flows expected to be collected at each reporting date. These updates require the continued use of key assumptions and estimates, similar to those used in the initial estimate of fair value.

Acquired impaired loans with an accretable yield are not classified as nonperforming even though collection of contractual payments may be in doubt because income is accreted on the related loan pool, which is the unit of accounting.

Covered loans and the related loss share receivable

The loans purchased in the 2009 acquisition of Peoples First Community Bank (Peoples First) are covered by two loss share agreements between the FDIC and the Company which afford the Company significant loss protection. These covered loans are accounted for as acquired impaired loans as described above in the section on acquired loans. The loss share indemnification asset is measured separately from the related covered loans as it is not contractually embedded in the loans and is not transferrable should the loans be sold. The fair value of the indemnification asset at acquisition was estimated by discounting projected cash flows related to the loss share agreements based on the expected reimbursements for losses using the applicable loss share percentages, including appropriate consideration of possible true-up payments to the FDIC at the expiration of the loss share agreements. The discounted amount is accreted into non-interest income over the remaining life of the loan pool or the life of the shared loss agreement.

The indemnification asset is reviewed and updated prospectively as loss estimates related to the covered loans change. Decreases in the expected cash flows on covered loans are recorded as an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses with a corresponding increase to the indemnification asset, and the difference is recorded as a provision for loan losses in the consolidated statement of income. Increases in expected cash flows of these loans first reverse any previously recorded increase in the indemnification asset on the loan pool with the remainder reflected as an adjustment to the indemnification asset's accretion rate.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or market on the consolidated balance sheets. These loans are originated on a best-efforts basis, whereby a commitment by a third party to purchase the loan has been received concurrent with the Banks' commitment to the borrower to originate the loan. At times, management may decide to sell loans that were not originated for that purpose. These loans are reclassified as held for sale when that decision is made and are also carried at the lower of cost or market.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) occur when a borrower is experiencing, or is expected to experience, financial difficulties in the near-term and a modification in loan terms is granted that would otherwise not have been considered.

Troubled debt restructurings can involve loans remaining on nonaccrual, moving to nonaccrual, or continuing to accrue, depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the borrower. All loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR, including both commercial and retail loans, are considered "impaired." When measuring impairment on a TDR, the present value of expected cash flows is calculated using the effective interest rate of the original loan, i.e., before the restructuring, as the discount rate or at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the measurement is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the difference is charged-off through the allowance for loan and lease losses. A loan is not considered impaired due to a delay in payment if all amounts due, including interest accrued at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay, is expected to be collected. Modified acquired impaired loans are not removed from their accounting pool and accounted for as a TDR even if those loans would otherwise be deemed TDRs

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is charged to expense over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are up to 39 years for buildings and three to seven years for furniture and equipment. Amortization expense for software is charged over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. In cases where the Company has the right to renew the lease for additional periods, the lease term for the purpose of calculating amortization of the capitalized cost of the leasehold improvements is extended when the Company is "reasonably assured" that it will renew the lease.

Depreciation and amortization expenses are computed using a straight-line basis for assets acquired after January 1, 2006 and the double declining balance basis for assets acquired prior to January 1, 2006. Gains and losses related to retirement or disposition of fixed assets are recorded in other income under noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income. The Company continually evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate that such long-lived assets have been impaired. Measurement of any impairment of such long-lived assets is based on those assets' fair values. There were no impairment losses on property and equipment recorded during 2011, 2010, or 2009.

Other Real Estate

Other real estate owned includes real property that has been acquired in satisfaction of loans and property no longer used in the Banks' business. Generally these assets are recorded at the lower of either cost or estimated fair value less the estimated cost of disposition. Any initial reduction in the carrying amount of a loan to the fair value of the collateral received is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent losses on the periodic revaluation of the property are charged to current earnings, as are revenues from and costs of operating and maintaining the properties and gains or losses recognized on their disposition. Improvements made to properties are capitalized if the expenditures are expected to be recovered upon the sale of the properties.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill, which represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets of an acquired business, is not amortized but tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more often if events or circumstances indicate there may be impairment. Impairment is defined as the amount by which the implied fair value of the goodwill contained in any reporting unit within a company is less than the goodwill's carrying value. Impairment losses would be charged to operating expense. Management reviews goodwill for impairment based on the Company's primary reporting segments, the banks. If the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, an estimate of the implied fair value of the goodwill is compared to the unit's carrying value. The Company uses a present value technique to estimate fair value when testing for impairment. The cash flow estimates incorporate assumptions that market participants would use in their estimates of fair value. The cash flow analysis requires assumptions about the economic environment, expected net interest margins, growth rates, and the rate at which cash flows are discounted.

Other identifiable intangible assets with finite lives, such as core deposit intangibles and trade name, are initially recorded at fair value and are generally amortized over the periods benefited and are evaluated for impairment similar to long-lived assets.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) is long-term life insurance on the lives of certain current and past employees where the insurance policy benefits and ownership are retained by the employer. Its cash surrender value is an asset that the Company uses to partially offset the future cost of employee benefits. The cash value accumulation on BOLI is permanently tax deferred if the policy is held to the insured person's death and certain other conditions are met.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Accounting guidance provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company's objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for deferred income taxes using the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled.

Retirement Benefits

Management makes a variety of assumptions in applying principles that govern the accounting for benefits under the Company's defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans. These assumptions are essential to the actuarial valuation that determines the amounts recognized and certain disclosures it makes in the consolidated financial statements related to the operation of these plans. Two of the more significant assumptions concern the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the rate needed to discount projected benefits to their present value. Changes in these assumptions impact the cost of retirement benefits recognized in net income and comprehensive income. Certain assumptions are closely tied to current conditions and are generally revised at each measurement date. For example, the discount rate is reset annually with reference to market yields on high quality fixed-income investments. Other assumptions, such as the rate of return on assets, are determined, in part, with reference to historical and expected conditions over time and are not as susceptible to frequent revision. Holding other factors constant, the cost of retirement benefits will move opposite to changes in either the discount rate or the rate of return on assets. The compensation cost of an employee's pension benefit is recognized on the projected unit credit method over the employee's approximate service period. The aggregate cost method is utilized for funding purposes. The Company also sponsors two defined benefit postretirement plans, which provide medical benefits and life insurance benefits. The Company has accounted for these plans using the actuarial computations required by guidance regarding employers' accounting for postretirement benefits other than pensions. The cost of the defined benefit postretirement plan has been recognized on the projected unit credit method over the employee's approximate service period.

Stock-Based Payment Arrangements

The grant date fair value of equity instruments awarded to employees and directors establishes the cost of the services received in exchange, and the cost associated with awards that are expected to vest is recognized over the requisite service period.

Revenue Recognition

The largest source of revenue for the Company is interest revenue. Interest revenue is recognized on an accrual basis driven by written contracts, such as loan agreements or securities contracts. Credit-related fees, including letter of credit fees, are recognized in non-interest income when earned. The Company recognizes commission revenue and brokerage, exchange and clearance fees on a trade-date basis. Other types of non-interest revenue such as service charges on deposits and trust revenues, are accrued and recognized into income as services are provided and the amount of fees earned are reasonably determinable.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the applicable period. Shares outstanding are adjusted for restricted shares issued to employees under the long-term incentive compensation plan and for certain shares that will be issued under the directors' compensation plan. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding increased by the number of shares in which employees would vest under performance-based restricted stock and stock unit awards based on expected performance factors and by the number of additional shares that would have been issued if potentially dilutive stock options were exercised, each as determined using the treasury stock method.

The Company adopted the FASB's authoritative guidance regarding the determination of whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities. This guidance provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and should be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. This guidance was effective January 1, 2010, and was applied retrospectively.

Statements of Cash Flows

The Company considers only cash on hand, cash items in process of collection and balances due from financial institutions as cash and cash equivalents for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Reportable Segment Disclosures

As defined by authoritative guidance, segment disclosures require reporting information about a company's operating segments using a "management approach." Reportable segments are identified as those revenue-producing components for which separate financial information is produced internally and which are subject to evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company defines reportable segments as the banks.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2011, the FASB issued updated guidance to address the differences between international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) regarding the offsetting of assets and liabilities. Instead of proposing new criteria for netting assets and liabilities the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) jointly issued common disclosure requirements related to offsetting arrangements, irrespective of whether they are offset on the statement of financial position, which require disclosure of both net and gross information for these assets and liabilities. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. This guidance impacts only the disclosures in financial statements and will not impact the company's financial condition or results of operations.

In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The final standard allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether is it "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test as described in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted, including for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed as of a date before September 15, 2011, if an entity's financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company's financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2011, the FASB issued updated guidance regarding the presentation of comprehensive income, and subsequently amended this guidance in December 2011, prior to its effective date. The updated guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes to stockholders' equity, and, requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This amendment does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item in other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, and should be applied retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance will change presentation only and will not have a material impact on the company's financial condition or results of operations. The FASB is currently re-deliberating whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income.

In May 2011, the FASB issued updated guidance to achieve common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Certain provisions clarify the Board's intent about the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements, while others change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The guidance is to be applied prospectively and is effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company's financial condition or results of operations.

In April 2011, FASB issued updated guidance for receivables regarding a creditor's determination of whether a restructuring is a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The final standard does not change the long-standing guidance that a restructuring of a debt constitutes a TDR "if the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor's financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider". The update clarifies which loan modifications constitute troubled debt restructurings and is intended to assist creditors in determining whether a modification of the terms of a receivable meets the criteria to be considered a troubled debt restructuring, both for purposes of recording an impairment loss and for disclosure of troubled debt restructurings. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on June 15, 2011, and should be applied retrospectively to restructurings occurring on or after the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the company's financial condition or results of operations.

In April 2011, FASB issued an update to improve the accounting for repurchase agreements ("repos") and other agreements that both entitle and obligate a transferor to repurchase or redeem financial assets before their maturity. The guidance modifies the criteria for assessing if a transferor has maintained effective control over the transferred asset in determining when these transactions would be accounted for as financings (secured borrowings/lending agreements) as opposed to sales (purchases) with commitments to repurchase (resell). Specifically, the updated guidance removes the criterion requiring a transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the same terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, as well as the collateral maintenance guidance related to that criterion. The guidance is effective prospectively for new transfers and existing transactions that are modified in the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company's financial condition or results of operations.