Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Loans, Net of Unearned Income

	March 31,		December 31,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024
Commercial non-real estate	$	9,636,594	$	9,876,592
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,000,998		3,011,955
Total commercial and industrial		12,637,592		12,888,547
Commercial real estate - income producing		3,809,664		3,798,612
Construction and land development		1,287,919		1,281,115
Residential mortgages		4,025,145		3,961,328
Consumer		1,337,826		1,369,845
Total loans	$	23,098,146	$	23,299,447

Allowance for Credit Losses by Portfolio Class

The following tables present activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, as well as the allowance for credit loss by primary calculation method at the end of each period.

				Commercial			Total			Commercial
	Commercial			Real Estate-			Commercial			Real Estate-			Construction
	Non-Real			Owner			and			Income			and Land			Residential
($ in thousands)	Estate			Occupied			Industrial			Producing			Development			Mortgages			Consumer			Total
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	121,090		$	36,264		$	157,354		$	71,975		$	21,158		$	42,445		$	25,950		$	318,882
Charge-offs		(6,132	)		(2,741	)		(8,873	)		(34	)		(8	)		(167	)		(4,211	)		(13,293	)
Recoveries		1,650			95			1,745			—			110			387			804			3,046
Net provision for loan losses		5,607			2,515			8,122			(1,562	)		(1,052	)		535			3,441			9,484
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	122,215		$	36,133		$	158,348		$	70,379		$	20,208		$	43,200		$	25,984		$	318,119
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	6,441		$	309		$	6,750		$	642		$	14,639		$	4		$	2,018		$	24,053
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		515			(13	)		502			(198	)		696			(1	)		(21	)		978
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded lending commitments		6,956			296			7,252			444			15,335			3			1,997			25,031
Total allowance for credit losses	$	129,171		$	36,429		$	165,600		$	70,823		$	35,543		$	43,203		$	27,981		$	343,150
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated	$	10,406		$	49		$	10,455		$	—		$	—		$	752		$	197		$	11,404
Collectively evaluated	$	118,765		$	36,380		$	155,145		$	70,823		$	35,543		$	42,451		$	27,784		$	331,746

				Commercial			Total			Commercial
	Commercial			Real Estate-			Commercial			Real Estate-			Construction
	Non-Real			Owner			and			Income			and Land			Residential
($ in thousands)	Estate			Occupied			Industrial			Producing			Development			Mortgages			Consumer			Total
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	101,737		$	40,197		$	141,934		$	74,539		$	27,039		$	38,983		$	25,412		$	307,907
Charge-offs		(9,630	)		—			(9,630	)		(8,819	)		(75	)		(56	)		(4,786	)		(23,366	)
Recoveries		13,104			102			13,206			3			61			202			914			14,386
Net provision for loan losses		(853	)		(1,021	)		(1,874	)		12,154			(1,187	)		2,029			3,677			14,799
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	104,358		$	39,278		$	143,636		$	77,877		$	25,838		$	41,158		$	25,217		$	313,726
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	5,507		$	327		$	5,834		$	1,344		$	20,019		$	30		$	1,667		$	28,894
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		192			(40	)		152			(352	)		(1,615	)		(8	)		(8	)		(1,831	)
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded lending commitments		5,699			287			5,986			992			18,404			22			1,659			27,063
Total allowance for credit losses	$	110,057		$	39,565		$	149,622		$	78,869		$	44,242		$	41,180		$	26,876		$	340,789
Allowance for credit losses
Individually evaluated	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Collectively evaluated	$	110,057		$	39,565		$	149,622		$	78,869		$	44,242		$	41,180		$	26,876		$	340,789

Composition of Nonaccrual Loans and Without an Allowance for Loan Loss by Portfolio Class

The following table shows the composition of nonaccrual loans and those without an allowance for loan loss, by portfolio class.

	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual Without Allowance for Loan Loss		Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual Without Allowance for Loan Loss
Commercial non-real estate	$	34,654	$	470	$	33,418	$	4,855
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		4,279		522		2,727		1,198
Total commercial and industrial		38,933		992		36,145		6,053
Commercial real estate - income producing		5,968		4,516		356		—
Construction and land development		1,851		928		5,561		4,929
Residential mortgages		46,404		1,462		44,086		1,475
Consumer		11,058		670		11,187		500
Total loans	$	104,214	$	8,568	$	97,335	$	12,957

Provides Detail by Portfolio Class for Reportable MEFDs

The tables below provide detail by portfolio class for reportable MEFDs entered into during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Modified facilities are reported using the balance at the end of each period reported and are reflected only once in each table based on the type of modification or combination of modification.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Term Extension					Significant Payment Delay					Term Extensions and Significant Payment Delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	44,700		0.46	%	$	197		0.00	%	$	—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		366		0.01	%		—		—			—		—
Total commercial and industrial		45,066		0.36	%		197		0.00	%		—		—
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—			—		—			—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		13,167		0.33	%		412		0.01	%		—		—
Consumer		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	58,233		0.25	%	$	609		0.00	%	$	—		—

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Term Extension					Significant Payment Delay					Term Extensions and Significant Payment Delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	17,846		0.18	%	$	—		—		$	5,275		0.05	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total commercial and industrial		17,846		0.14	%		—		—			5,275		0.04	%
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—			1,573		0.04	%		—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		1,893		0.05	%		—		—			—		—
Consumer		113		0.01	%		—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	19,852		0.08	%	$	1,573		0.01	%	$	5,275		0.02	%

Aging Analysis of Reportable Modifications To Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty by Portfolio Class

The tables that follow present the aging analysis of reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by portfolio class at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

March 31, 2025	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Reportable Modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	197	$	—	$	6,121	$	6,318	$	71,263	$	77,581
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—		366		366
Total commercial and industrial		197		—		6,121		6,318		71,629		77,947
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—		841		841		1,882		2,723
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages		951		—		383		1,334		13,606		14,940
Consumer		—		—		—		—		34		34
Total reportable modified loans	$	1,148	$	—	$	7,345	$	8,493	$	87,151	$	95,644

December 31, 2024	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Reportable Modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	1,975	$	—	$	12,548	$	14,523	$	78,934	$	93,457
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial and industrial		1,975		—		12,548		14,523		78,934		93,457
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		826		—		826		1,915		2,741
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages		179		249		501		929		2,241		3,170
Consumer		—		—		—		—		131		131
Total reportable modified loans	$	2,154	$	1,075	$	13,049	$	16,278	$	83,221	$	99,499

There were loans to two commercial borrowers totaling $1.9 million, with reportable term extensions and/or significant payment delays and interest rate reduction modifications that had post modification payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2025. There was one consumer borrower totaling $6 thousand with reportable term extensions that had post modification payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2025. There were loans to three commercial borrowers totaling $3.2 million with a reportable term extension modification that had a post modification payment default during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024. A payment default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent or has been charged off as of the end of the period presented.

Aging Analysis of Past Due Loans by Portfolio Class

The tables below present the aging analysis of past due loans by portfolio class at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

March 31, 2025	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Still Accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	18,064	$	6,544	$	23,169	$	47,777	$	9,588,817	$	9,636,594	$	9,095
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		33,313		11,890		4,774		49,977		2,951,021		3,000,998		1,016
Total commercial and industrial		51,377		18,434		27,943		97,754		12,539,838		12,637,592		10,111
Commercial real estate - income producing		18,638		—		6,113		24,751		3,784,913		3,809,664		359
Construction and land development		760		626		4,727		6,113		1,281,806		1,287,919		3,347
Residential mortgages		51,599		11,574		23,522		86,695		3,938,450		4,025,145		53
Consumer		9,737		5,193		8,295		23,225		1,314,601		1,337,826		1,723
Total loans	$	132,111	$	35,827	$	70,600	$	238,538	$	22,859,608	$	23,098,146	$	15,593

December 31, 2024	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Still Accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	19,326	$	5,264	$	27,756	$	52,346	$	9,824,246	$	9,876,592	$	14,557
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,113		38		3,747		4,898		3,007,057		3,011,955		1,097
Total commercial and industrial		20,439		5,302		31,503		57,244		12,831,303		12,888,547		15,654
Commercial real estate - income producing		220		5,417		464		6,101		3,792,511		3,798,612		150
Construction and land development		1,066		3,773		5,314		10,153		1,270,962		1,281,115		3,563
Residential mortgages		42,211		25,050		34,113		101,374		3,859,954		3,961,328		27
Consumer		10,770		5,381		8,504		24,655		1,345,190		1,369,845		2,458
Total loans	$	74,706	$	44,923	$	79,898	$	199,527	$	23,099,920	$	23,299,447	$	21,852

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

The following tables present credit quality disclosures of amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company defines vintage as the later of origination, renewal or modification date. The gross charge-offs presented in the tables that follow are for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
March 31, 2025	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	425,141	$	1,591,277	$	934,124	$	1,040,971	$	735,671	$	1,158,576	$	3,009,207	$	50,758	$	8,945,725
Pass-Watch		627		21,200		65,118		44,209		13,525		13,412		49,893		8,511		216,495
Special Mention		160		1,344		21,923		55,080		5,958		11,137		93,502		123		189,227
Substandard		9,973		9,700		91,773		90,736		22,822		10,523		47,129		2,491		285,147
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	435,901	$	1,623,521	$	1,112,938	$	1,230,996	$	777,976	$	1,193,648	$	3,199,731	$	61,883	$	9,636,594
Gross Charge-offs	$	1,019	$	2,008	$	823	$	210	$	44	$	541	$	959	$	528	$	6,132
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	72,900	$	379,003	$	307,993	$	524,738	$	513,126	$	912,352	$	101,929	$	98	$	2,812,139
Pass-Watch		35		15,995		9,312		64,014		5,260		47,438		1,758		2,000		145,812
Special Mention		137		4,383		405		6,689		5,416		—		—		—		17,030
Substandard		366		—		3,241		5,906		2,531		13,973		—		—		26,017
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	73,438	$	399,381	$	320,951	$	601,347	$	526,333	$	973,763	$	103,687	$	2,098	$	3,000,998
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,741	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,741
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	105,289	$	438,243	$	474,234	$	956,531	$	711,351	$	944,980	$	31,623	$	418	$	3,662,669
Pass-Watch		7,873		1,412		4,286		19,229		10,465		29,231		745		—		73,241
Special Mention		—		18,778		73		2,275		—		—		—		—		21,126
Substandard		—		2,629		5,586		21,988		2,195		20,051		179		—		52,628
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	113,162	$	461,062	$	484,179	$	1,000,023	$	724,011	$	994,262	$	32,547	$	418	$	3,809,664
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	34
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	53,113	$	272,943	$	381,232	$	276,220	$	103,530	$	21,800	$	89,692	$	18,334	$	1,216,864
Pass-Watch		70		916		2,112		64,319		316		234		123		56		68,146
Special Mention		74		—		—		—		119		—		—		—		193
Substandard		—		115		1,032		1,231		16		178		—		144		2,716
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	53,257	$	273,974	$	384,376	$	341,770	$	103,981	$	22,212	$	89,815	$	18,534	$	1,287,919
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	—	$	8
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	125,556	$	140,068	$	424,567	$	1,069,996	$	870,520	$	1,345,264	$	2,770	$	—	$	3,978,741
Nonperforming		—		370		7,809		10,954		7,997		19,274		—		—		46,404
Total	$	125,556	$	140,438	$	432,376	$	1,080,950	$	878,517	$	1,364,538	$	2,770	$	—	$	4,025,145
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	67	$	82	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	—	$	167
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	25,274	$	37,444	$	35,672	$	31,502	$	17,296	$	69,537	$	1,098,971	$	11,072	$	1,326,768
Nonperforming		48		77		300		1,856		965		6,367		171		1,274		11,058
Total	$	25,322	$	37,521	$	35,972	$	33,358	$	18,261	$	75,904	$	1,099,142	$	12,346	$	1,337,826
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	193	$	324	$	405	$	205	$	486	$	2,226	$	372	$	4,211

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
December 31, 2024	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	1,794,904	$	1,069,637	$	1,154,669	$	819,520	$	339,594	$	925,046	$	2,946,499	$	107,363	$	9,157,232
Pass-Watch		8,466		46,681		43,379		29,193		12,768		9,851		61,076		8,561		219,975
Special Mention		412		21,337		52,375		6,044		6,234		41		62,934		328		149,705
Substandard		19,839		91,192		117,545		15,225		8,200		2,898		65,138		29,643		349,680
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,823,621	$	1,228,847	$	1,367,968	$	869,982	$	366,796	$	937,836	$	3,135,647	$	145,895	$	9,876,592
Gross Charge-offs	$	705	$	7,575	$	7,494	$	11,090	$	213	$	1,837	$	5,952	$	10,622	$	45,488
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	365,158	$	319,684	$	537,069	$	524,572	$	433,844	$	554,293	$	97,999	$	609	$	2,833,228
Pass-Watch		18,937		8,575		66,286		5,547		2,695		29,078		3,727		721		135,566
Special Mention		4,417		410		6,759		3,756		—		2,559		—		—		17,901
Substandard		1,322		2,630		5,574		1,563		1,248		12,923		—		—		25,260
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	389,834	$	331,299	$	615,688	$	535,438	$	437,787	$	598,853	$	101,726	$	1,330	$	3,011,955
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	131	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	143
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	416,947	$	453,428	$	975,075	$	750,907	$	494,925	$	501,389	$	31,673	$	1,637	$	3,625,981
Pass-Watch		2,586		7,005		43,221		9,399		20,694		16,354		220		159		99,638
Special Mention		20,292		—		1,986		—		—		—		—		—		22,278
Substandard		1,818		18,189		8,604		2,210		19,731		163		—		—		50,715
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	441,643	$	478,622	$	1,028,886	$	762,516	$	535,350	$	517,906	$	31,893	$	1,796	$	3,798,612
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	8,819	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	8,822
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	237,136	$	418,002	$	296,286	$	103,259	$	33,519	$	14,477	$	102,694	$	2,031	$	1,207,404
Pass-Watch		624		2,279		62,415		391		30		323		159		—		66,221
Special Mention		1,014		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,014
Substandard		324		796		1,576		3,554		26		200		—		—		6,476
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	239,098	$	421,077	$	360,277	$	107,204	$	33,575	$	15,000	$	102,853	$	2,031	$	1,281,115
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	113	$	94	$	30	$	—	$	20	$	—	$	7	$	264
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	161,019	$	422,269	$	1,068,191	$	882,918	$	447,690	$	932,182	$	2,772	$	201	$	3,917,242
Nonperforming		327		7,724		10,974		6,687		1,199		17,175		—		—		44,086
Total	$	161,346	$	429,993	$	1,079,165	$	889,605	$	448,889	$	949,357	$	2,772	$	201	$	3,961,328
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	57	$	189	$	2	$	—	$	132	$	—	$	—	$	380
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	56,983	$	39,301	$	35,320	$	20,397	$	15,035	$	41,299	$	1,120,027	$	30,296	$	1,358,658
Nonperforming		51		46		320		639		767		3,442		535		5,387		11,187
Total	$	57,034	$	39,347	$	35,640	$	21,036	$	15,802	$	44,741	$	1,120,562	$	35,683	$	1,369,845
Gross Charge-offs	$	92	$	1,733	$	2,474	$	1,173	$	180	$	985	$	8,826	$	2,524	$	17,987

Total Commercial [Member]

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

The following tables present the credit quality indicators by segment and portfolio class of loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company routinely assesses the ratings of loans in its portfolio through an established and comprehensive portfolio management process.

	March 31, 2025
($ in thousands)	Commercial Non-Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate - Owner- Occupied		Total Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing		Construction and Land Development		Total Commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	8,945,725	$	2,812,139	$	11,757,864	$	3,662,669	$	1,216,864	$	16,637,397
Pass-Watch		216,495		145,812		362,307		73,241		68,146		503,694
Special Mention		189,227		17,030		206,257		21,126		193		227,576
Substandard		285,147		26,017		311,164		52,628		2,716		366,508
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,636,594	$	3,000,998	$	12,637,592	$	3,809,664	$	1,287,919	$	17,735,175

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Commercial Non-Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate - Owner- Occupied		Total Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing		Construction and Land Development		Total Commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	9,157,232	$	2,833,228	$	11,990,460	$	3,625,981	$	1,207,404	$	16,823,845
Pass-Watch		219,975		135,566		355,541		99,638		66,221		521,400
Special Mention		149,705		17,901		167,606		22,278		1,014		190,898
Substandard		349,680		25,260		374,940		50,715		6,476		432,131
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,876,592	$	3,011,955	$	12,888,547	$	3,798,612	$	1,281,115	$	17,968,274

Residential Mortgage and Consumer [Member]

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Residential Mortgage		Consumer		Total		Residential Mortgage		Consumer		Total
Performing	$	3,978,741	$	1,326,768	$	5,305,509	$	3,917,242	$	1,358,658	$	5,275,900
Nonperforming		46,404		11,058		57,462		44,086		11,187		55,273
Total	$	4,025,145	$	1,337,826	$	5,362,971	$	3,961,328	$	1,369,845	$	5,331,173