Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Loans, Net of Unearned Income

	December 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Commercial non-real estate	$	9,876,592	$	9,957,284
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,011,955		3,093,763
Total commercial and industrial		12,888,547		13,051,047
Commercial real estate - income producing		3,798,612		3,986,943
Construction and land development		1,281,115		1,551,091
Residential mortgages		3,961,328		3,886,072
Consumer		1,369,845		1,446,764
Total loans	$	23,299,447	$	23,921,917

Allowance for Credit Losses by Portfolio Class

The following schedules show activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, as well as the corresponding recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

	Commercial Non-Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate-Owner Occupied			Total Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate-Income Producing			Construction and Land Development			Residential Mortgages			Consumer			Total
($ in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	101,737		$	40,197		$	141,934		$	74,539		$	27,039		$	38,983		$	25,412		$	307,907
Charge-offs		(45,488	)		(143	)		(45,631	)		(8,822	)		(264	)		(380	)		(17,987	)		(73,084	)
Recoveries		22,292			1,036			23,328			7			64			595			3,057			27,051
Net provision for loan losses		42,549			(4,826	)		37,723			6,251			(5,681	)		3,247			15,468			57,008
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	121,090		$	36,264		$	157,354		$	71,975		$	21,158		$	42,445		$	25,950		$	318,882
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	5,507		$	327		$	5,834		$	1,344		$	20,019		$	30		$	1,667		$	28,894
Provision for losses on unfunded    commitments		934			(18	)		916			(702	)		(5,380	)		(26	)		351			(4,841	)
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded    lending commitments	$	6,441		$	309		$	6,750		$	642		$	14,639		$	4		$	2,018		$	24,053
Total allowance for credit losses	$	127,531		$	36,573		$	164,104		$	72,617		$	35,797		$	42,449		$	27,968		$	342,935
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated	$	8,672		$	—		$	8,672		$	—		$	—		$	751		$	197		$	9,620
Collectively evaluated	$	118,859		$	36,573		$	155,432		$	72,617		$	35,797		$	41,698		$	27,771		$	333,315

	Commercial Non-Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate-Owner Occupied			Total Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate-Income Producing			Construction and Land Development			Residential Mortgages			Consumer			Total
($ in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	96,461		$	48,284		$	144,745		$	71,961		$	30,498		$	32,464		$	28,121		$	307,789
Charge-offs		(59,830	)		—			(59,830	)		(73	)		(72	)		(55	)		(15,393	)		(75,423	)
Recoveries		6,152			957			7,109			14			11			1,278			3,611			12,023
Net provision for loan losses		58,954			(9,044	)		49,910			2,637			(3,398	)		5,296			9,073			63,518
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	101,737		$	40,197		$	141,934		$	74,539		$	27,039		$	38,983		$	25,412		$	307,907
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	4,984		$	302		$	5,286		$	1,395		$	25,110		$	31		$	1,487		$	33,309
Provision for losses on unfunded    commitments		523			25			548			(51	)		(5,091	)		(1	)		180			(4,415	)
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded    lending commitments	$	5,507		$	327		$	5,834		$	1,344		$	20,019		$	30		$	1,667		$	28,894
Total allowance for credit losses	$	107,244		$	40,524		$	147,768		$	75,883		$	47,058		$	39,013		$	27,079		$	336,801
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated	$	1,666		$	—		$	1,666		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,666
Collectively evaluated	$	105,578		$	40,524		$	146,102		$	75,883		$	47,058		$	39,013		$	27,079		$	335,135

	Commercial Non-Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate-Owner Occupied			Total Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate-Income Producing			Construction and Land Development			Residential Mortgages			Consumer			Total
($ in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	95,888		$	53,433		$	149,321		$	108,058		$	22,102		$	30,623		$	31,961		$	342,065
Charge-offs		(7,637	)		(948	)		(8,585	)		(1,073	)		(3	)		(137	)		(12,792	)		(22,590	)
Recoveries		11,812			733			12,545			878			134			1,749			5,382			20,688
Net provision for loan losses		(3,602	)		(4,934	)		(8,536	)		(35,902	)		8,265			229			3,570			(32,374	)
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	96,461		$	48,284		$	144,745		$	71,961		$	30,498		$	32,464		$	28,121		$	307,789
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	4,522		$	323		$	4,845		$	1,694		$	21,907		$	22		$	866		$	29,334
Provision for losses on unfunded    commitments		462			(21	)		441			(299	)		3,203			9			621			3,975
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded    lending commitments	$	4,984		$	302		$	5,286		$	1,395		$	25,110		$	31		$	1,487		$	33,309
Total allowance for credit losses	$	101,445		$	48,586		$	150,031		$	73,356		$	55,608		$	32,495		$	29,608		$	341,098
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated	$	71		$	31		$	102		$	16		$	18		$	239		$	101		$	476
Collectively evaluated	$	101,374		$	48,555		$	149,929		$	73,340		$	55,590		$	32,256		$	29,507		$	340,622

Composition of Nonaccrual Loans and Without an Allowance for Loan Loss by Portfolio Class

The following table shows the composition of nonaccrual loans and those without an allowance for loan loss, by portfolio class at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	December 31,
	2024				2023
($ in thousands)	Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual Without Allowance For Loan Loss		Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual Without Allowance For Loan Loss
Commercial non-real estate	$	33,418	$	4,855	$	20,840	$	13,637
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		2,727		1,198		2,228		—
Total commercial and industrial		36,145		6,053		23,068		13,637
Commercial real estate - income producing		356		—		461		—
Construction and land development		5,561		4,929		815		—
Residential mortgages		44,086		1,475		26,137		—
Consumer		11,187		500		8,555		—
Total loans	$	97,335	$	12,957	$	59,036	$	13,637

Provides Detail by Portfolio Class for Reportable MEFDs

The tables below provide detail by portfolio class for reportable MEFDs entered into during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Modified facilities are reported using the balance at the end of each period reported and are reflected only once in each table based on the type of modification or combination of modification.

	Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Term Extension					Payment Delay					Term Extensions and Payment Delay					Other(1)
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	58,176		0.59	%	$	19,150		0.19	%	$	15,373		0.16	%	$	758		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—
Total commercial and industrial		58,176		0.45	%		19,150		0.15	%		15,373		0.12	%		758		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - income producing		2,741		0.07	%		—		—			—		—			—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		3,170		0.08	%		—		—			—		—			—		—
Consumer		131		0.01	%		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	64,218		0.28	%	$	19,150		0.08	%	$	15,373		0.07	%	$	758		0.00	%

(1) Includes interest rate reduction and other than insignificant payment delays.

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Term Extension					Payment Delay					Term Extensions and Payment Delay					Other(1)
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio			Balance		Percentage of Portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	7,930		0.08	%	$	4,274		0.04	%	$	9,753		0.10	%	$	—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,774		0.06	%		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total commercial and industrial		9,704		0.07	%		4,274		0.03	%		9,753		0.07	%		—		—
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—
Construction and land development		85		0.01	%		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		254		0.01	%		—		—			—		—			202		0.01	%
Consumer		78		0.01	%		—		—			196		0.01	%		—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	10,121		0.04	%	$	4,274		0.02	%	$	9,949		0.04	%	$	202		0.00	%

(1) Includes interest rate reduction and other than insignificant payment delays.

Aging Analysis of Reportable Modifications To Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty by Portfolio Class

The tables below present the aging analysis of reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by portfolio class at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

December 31, 2024	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Reportable Modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	1,975	$	—	$	12,548	$	14,523	$	78,934	$	93,457
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial and industrial		1,975		—		12,548		14,523		78,934		93,457
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		826		—		826		1,915		2,741
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages		179		249		501		929		2,241		3,170
Consumer		—		—		—		—		131		131
Total reportable modified loans	$	2,154	$	1,075	$	13,049	$	16,278	$	83,221	$	99,499

December 31, 2023	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Reportable Modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	3,149	$	233	$	4,430	$	7,812	$	14,145	$	21,957
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—		1,774		1,774
Total commercial and industrial		3,149		233		4,430		7,812		15,919		23,731
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		85		85
Residential mortgages		66		—		—		66		390		456
Consumer		—		—		—		—		274		274
Total reportable modified loans	$	3,215	$	233	$	4,430	$	7,878	$	16,668	$	24,546

Aging Analysis of Past Due Loans by Portfolio Class

The tables below present the aging analysis of past due loans by portfolio class at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

December 31, 2024	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	19,326	$	5,264	$	27,756	$	52,346	$	9,824,246	$	9,876,592	$	14,557
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,113		38		3,747		4,898		3,007,057		3,011,955		1,097
Total commercial and industrial		20,439		5,302		31,503		57,244		12,831,303		12,888,547		15,654
Commercial real estate - income producing		220		5,417		464		6,101		3,792,511		3,798,612		150
Construction and land development		1,066		3,773		5,314		10,153		1,270,962		1,281,115		3,563
Residential mortgages		42,211		25,050		34,113		101,374		3,859,954		3,961,328		27
Consumer		10,770		5,381		8,504		24,655		1,345,190		1,369,845		2,458
Total loans	$	74,706	$	44,923	$	79,898	$	199,527	$	23,099,920	$	23,299,447	$	21,852

December 31, 2023	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	12,311	$	4,381	$	21,132	$	37,824	$	9,919,460	$	9,957,284	$	5,782
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,614		1,596		1,715		4,925		3,088,838		3,093,763		431
Total commercial and industrial		13,925		5,977		22,847		42,749		13,008,298		13,051,047		6,213
Commercial real estate - income producing		3,938		606		408		4,952		3,981,991		3,986,943		—
Construction and land development		1,655		1,220		1,208		4,083		1,547,008		1,551,091		742
Residential mortgages		40,189		9,121		18,960		68,270		3,817,802		3,886,072		172
Consumer		11,059		5,957		6,611		23,627		1,423,137		1,446,764		2,482
Total loans	$	70,766	$	22,881	$	50,034	$	143,681	$	23,778,236	$	23,921,917	$	9,609

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

The following tables present credit quality disclosures of amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company defines vintage as the later of origination, renewal or modification date.

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
December 31, 2024	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	1,794,904	$	1,069,637	$	1,154,669	$	819,520	$	339,594	$	925,046	$	2,946,499	$	107,363	$	9,157,232
Pass-Watch		8,466		46,681		43,379		29,193		12,768		9,851		61,076		8,561		219,975
Special Mention		412		21,337		52,375		6,044		6,234		41		62,934		328		149,705
Substandard		19,839		91,192		117,545		15,225		8,200		2,898		65,138		29,643		349,680
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,823,621	$	1,228,847	$	1,367,968	$	869,982	$	366,796	$	937,836	$	3,135,647	$	145,895	$	9,876,592
Gross Charge-offs	$	705	$	7,575	$	7,494	$	11,090	$	213	$	1,837	$	5,952	$	10,622	$	45,488
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	365,158	$	319,684	$	537,069	$	524,572	$	433,844	$	554,293	$	97,999	$	609	$	2,833,228
Pass-Watch		18,937		8,575		66,286		5,547		2,695		29,078		3,727		721		135,566
Special Mention		4,417		410		6,759		3,756		—		2,559		—		—		17,901
Substandard		1,322		2,630		5,574		1,563		1,248		12,923		—		—		25,260
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	389,834	$	331,299	$	615,688	$	535,438	$	437,787	$	598,853	$	101,726	$	1,330	$	3,011,955
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	131	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	143
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	416,947	$	453,428	$	975,075	$	750,907	$	494,925	$	501,389	$	31,673	$	1,637	$	3,625,981
Pass-Watch		2,586		7,005		43,221		9,399		20,694		16,354		220		159		99,638
Special Mention		20,292		—		1,986		—		—		—		—		—		22,278
Substandard		1,818		18,189		8,604		2,210		19,731		163		—		—		50,715
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	441,643	$	478,622	$	1,028,886	$	762,516	$	535,350	$	517,906	$	31,893	$	1,796	$	3,798,612
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	8,819	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	8,822
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	237,136	$	418,002	$	296,286	$	103,259	$	33,519	$	14,477	$	102,694	$	2,031	$	1,207,404
Pass-Watch		624		2,279		62,415		391		30		323		159		—		66,221
Special Mention		1,014		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,014
Substandard		324		796		1,576		3,554		26		200		—		—		6,476
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	239,098	$	421,077	$	360,277	$	107,204	$	33,575	$	15,000	$	102,853	$	2,031	$	1,281,115
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	113	$	94	$	30	$	—	$	20	$	—	$	7	$	264
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	161,019	$	422,269	$	1,068,191	$	882,918	$	447,690	$	932,182	$	2,772	$	201	$	3,917,242
Nonperforming		327		7,724		10,974		6,687		1,199		17,175		—		—		44,086
Total	$	161,346	$	429,993	$	1,079,165	$	889,605	$	448,889	$	949,357	$	2,772	$	201	$	3,961,328
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	57	$	189	$	2	$	—	$	132	$	—	$	—	$	380
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	56,983	$	39,301	$	35,320	$	20,397	$	15,035	$	41,299	$	1,120,027	$	30,296	$	1,358,658
Nonperforming		51		46		320		639		767		3,442		535		5,387		11,187
Total	$	57,034	$	39,347	$	35,640	$	21,036	$	15,802	$	44,741	$	1,120,562	$	35,683	$	1,369,845
Gross Charge-offs	$	92	$	1,733	$	2,474	$	1,173	$	180	$	985	$	8,826	$	2,524	$	17,987

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
December 31, 2023	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	1,557,202	$	1,812,370	$	1,106,433	$	483,739	$	398,626	$	923,143	$	3,186,189	$	56,316	$	9,524,018
Pass-Watch		30,360		60,228		20,730		8,245		4,988		9,117		94,252		6,291		234,211
Special Mention		411		6,206		936		27		26		836		2,620		424		11,486
Substandard		48,264		48,178		18,882		8,058		3,079		1,660		54,453		4,995		187,569
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,636,237	$	1,926,982	$	1,146,981	$	500,069	$	406,719	$	934,756	$	3,337,514	$	68,026	$	9,957,284
Gross Charge-offs	$	7,885	$	1,179	$	1,484	$	27,000	$	81	$	1,750	$	11,971	$	8,480	$	59,830
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	374,466	$	689,626	$	620,272	$	501,054	$	284,032	$	493,707	$	40,533	$	12,587	$	3,016,277
Pass-Watch		2,574		9,587		9,654		3,451		8,791		17,581		389		—		52,027
Special Mention		837		—		617		—		110		5,083		—		—		6,647
Substandard		2,322		4,956		967		1,295		584		7,374		1,314		—		18,812
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	380,199	$	704,169	$	631,510	$	505,800	$	293,517	$	523,745	$	42,236	$	12,587	$	3,093,763
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	456,334	$	953,501	$	966,402	$	618,003	$	323,344	$	367,010	$	65,486	$	48,924	$	3,799,004
Pass-Watch		9,469		3,064		3,886		75,182		23,827		22,504		2,000		—		139,932
Special Mention		156		32,255		—		354		—		8,061		—		—		40,826
Substandard		4,086		1,921		286		—		122		766		—		—		7,181
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	470,045	$	990,741	$	970,574	$	693,539	$	347,293	$	398,341	$	67,486	$	48,924	$	3,986,943
Gross Charge-offs	$	73	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	73
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	388,453	$	676,687	$	248,036	$	62,086	$	6,008	$	18,834	$	139,587	$	2,769	$	1,542,460
Pass-Watch		3,067		2,820		827		83		128		323		212		—		7,460
Special Mention		294		—		—		—		62		—		—		—		356
Substandard		—		87		96		49		9		279		295		—		815
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	391,814	$	679,594	$	248,959	$	62,218	$	6,207	$	19,436	$	140,094	$	2,769	$	1,551,091
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	7	$	54	$	—	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	72
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	439,024	$	910,361	$	950,400	$	489,262	$	176,041	$	891,232	$	3,615	$	—	$	3,859,935
Nonperforming		561		2,233		3,260		730		2,366		16,987		—		—		26,137
Total	$	439,585	$	912,594	$	953,660	$	489,992	$	178,407	$	908,219	$	3,615	$	—	$	3,886,072
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	55	$	—	$	—	$	55
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	75,615	$	59,454	$	36,693	$	28,076	$	31,802	$	39,150	$	1,144,401	$	23,018	$	1,438,209
Nonperforming		176		237		245		438		445		2,528		369		4,117		8,555
Total	$	75,791	$	59,691	$	36,938	$	28,514	$	32,247	$	41,678	$	1,144,770	$	27,135	$	1,446,764
Gross Charge-offs	$	567	$	2,388	$	1,473	$	215	$	573	$	824	$	7,735	$	1,618	$	15,393

Total Commercial [Member]

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

The following tables present the credit quality indicators by segment and portfolio class of loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Commercial Non- Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied		Total Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing		Construction and Land Development		Total Commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	9,157,232	$	2,833,228	$	11,990,460	$	3,625,981	$	1,207,404	$	16,823,845
Pass-Watch		219,975		135,566		355,541		99,638		66,221		521,400
Special Mention		149,705		17,901		167,606		22,278		1,014		190,898
Substandard		349,680		25,260		374,940		50,715		6,476		432,131
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,876,592	$	3,011,955	$	12,888,547	$	3,798,612	$	1,281,115	$	17,968,274

	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Commercial Non- Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied		Total Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing		Construction and Land Development		Total Commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	9,524,018	$	3,016,277	$	12,540,295	$	3,799,004	$	1,542,460	$	17,881,759
Pass-Watch		234,211		52,027		286,238		139,932		7,460		433,630
Special Mention		11,486		6,647		18,133		40,826		356		59,315
Substandard		187,569		18,812		206,381		7,181		815		214,377
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,957,284	$	3,093,763	$	13,051,047	$	3,986,943	$	1,551,091	$	18,589,081

Residential Mortgage and Consumer [Member]

Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]

Credit Quality Indicators by Segment and Portfolio Class

	December 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Residential Mortgage		Consumer		Total		Residential Mortgage		Consumer		Total
Performing	$	3,917,242	$	1,358,658	$	5,275,900	$	3,859,935	$	1,438,209	$	5,298,144
Nonperforming		44,086		11,187		55,273		26,137		8,555		34,692
Total	$	3,961,328	$	1,369,845	$	5,331,173	$	3,886,072	$	1,446,764	$	5,332,836