Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company generally makes loans in its market areas of southern and central Mississippi; southern and central Alabama; northwest, central and southern Louisiana; the northern, central and panhandle regions of Florida; certain areas of east and northeast Texas; and the metropolitan areas of Nashville, Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia.

Loans, net of unearned income, by portfolio are presented at amortized cost basis in the table below. Amortized cost does not include accrued interest, which is reflected in the accrued interest line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaling $121.6 million and $124.7 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table presents loans, net of unearned income, by portfolio class at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

	June 30,		December 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Commercial non-real estate	$	9,847,759	$	9,957,284
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,094,258		3,093,763
Total commercial and industrial		12,942,017		13,051,047
Commercial real estate - income producing		4,053,812		3,986,943
Construction and land development		1,528,393		1,551,091
Residential mortgages		4,000,211		3,886,072
Consumer		1,387,183		1,446,764
Total loans	$	23,911,616	$	23,921,917

The following briefly describes the composition of each loan category and portfolio class.

Commercial and industrial

Commercial and industrial loans are made available to businesses for working capital (including financing of inventory and receivables), business expansion, to facilitate the acquisition of a business, and the purchase of equipment and machinery, including equipment leasing. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, when secured, have the added strength of the underlying collateral.

Commercial non-real estate loans may be secured by the assets being financed or other tangible or intangible business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, ownership, enterprise value or commodity interests, and may incorporate a personal or corporate guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis, including a small portfolio of corporate credit cards, generally issued as a part of overall customer relationships.

Commercial real estate – owner occupied loans consist of commercial mortgages on properties where repayment is generally dependent on the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities of the borrower. Like commercial non-real estate, these loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower, but also have the added strength of the value of underlying real estate collateral.

Commercial real estate – income producing

Commercial real estate – income producing loans consist of loans secured by commercial mortgages on properties where the loan is made to real estate developers or investors and repayment is dependent on the sale, refinance, or income generated from the operation of the property. Properties financed include retail, office, multifamily, senior housing, hotel/motel, skilled nursing facilities and other commercial properties.

Construction and land development

Construction and land development loans are made to facilitate the acquisition, development, improvement and construction of both commercial and residential-purpose properties. Such loans are made to builders and investors where repayment is expected to be made from the sale, refinance or operation of the property or to businesses to be used in their business operations. This portfolio also includes residential construction loans and loans secured by raw land not yet under development.

Residential mortgages

Residential mortgages consist of closed-end loans secured by first liens on 1- 4 family residential properties. The portfolio includes both fixed and adjustable rate loans, although most longer-term, fixed rate loans originated are generally sold in the secondary mortgage market.

Consumer

Consumer loans include second lien mortgage home loans, home equity lines of credit and nonresidential consumer purpose loans. Nonresidential consumer loans include both direct and indirect loans. Direct nonresidential consumer loans are made to finance the purchase of personal property, including automobiles, recreational vehicles and boats, and for other personal purposes (secured and unsecured), and also include deposit account secured loans. Indirect nonresidential consumer loans include automobile financing provided to the consumer through an agreement with automobile dealerships, though the Company is no longer engaged in this type of lending and the remaining portfolio is in runoff. Consumer loans also include a small portfolio of credit card receivables issued on the basis of applications received through referrals from the Bank’s branches, online and other marketing efforts.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The calculation of the allowance for credit losses is performed using two primary approaches: a collective approach for pools of loans that have similar risk characteristics using a loss rate analysis, and a specific reserve analysis for credits individually evaluated. The allowance for credit losses for collectively evaluated portfolios is developed using multiple Moody’s macroeconomic forecasts applied to internally developed credit models for a two year reasonable and supportable period.

The following tables present activity in the allowance for credit losses (ACL) by portfolio class for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, as well as the corresponding recorded investment in loans at the end of each period.

				Commercial			Total			Commercial
	Commercial			real estate-			commercial			real estate-			Construction
	non-real			owner			and			income			and land			Residential
($ in thousands)	estate			occupied			industrial			producing			development			mortgages			Consumer			Total
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	101,737		$	40,197		$	141,934		$	74,539		$	27,039		$	38,983		$	25,412		$	307,907
Charge-offs		(17,304	)		—			(17,304	)		(8,819	)		(225	)		(67	)		(8,902	)		(35,317	)
Recoveries		16,054			861			16,915			5			62			296			1,774			19,052
Net provision for loan losses		5,386			(2,493	)		2,893			11,918			395			2,481			6,819			24,506
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	105,873		$	38,565		$	144,438		$	77,643		$	27,271		$	41,693		$	25,103		$	316,148
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	5,507		$	327		$	5,834		$	1,344		$	20,019		$	30		$	1,667		$	28,894
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		355			(19	)		336			(376	)		(2,693	)		(19	)		(63	)		(2,815	)
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded lending commitments		5,862			308			6,170			968			17,326			11			1,604			26,079
Total allowance for credit losses	$	111,735		$	38,873		$	150,608		$	78,611		$	44,597		$	41,704		$	26,707		$	342,227
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated	$	180		$	56		$	236		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	236
Collectively evaluated		105,693			38,509			144,202			77,643			27,271			41,693			25,103			315,912
Allowance for loan losses	$	105,873		$	38,565		$	144,438		$	77,643		$	27,271		$	41,693		$	25,103		$	316,148
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Individually evaluated	$	294		$	—		$	294		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	294
Collectively evaluated		5,568			308			5,876			968			17,326			11			1,604			25,785
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:	$	5,862		$	308		$	6,170		$	968		$	17,326		$	11		$	1,604		$	26,079
Total allowance for credit losses	$	111,735		$	38,873		$	150,608		$	78,611		$	44,597		$	41,704		$	26,707		$	342,227
Loans:
Individually evaluated	$	11,578		$	3,339		$	14,917		$	23,436		$	928		$	—		$	818		$	40,099
Collectively evaluated		9,836,181			3,090,919			12,927,100			4,030,376			1,527,465			4,000,211			1,386,365			23,871,517
Total loans	$	9,847,759		$	3,094,258		$	12,942,017		$	4,053,812		$	1,528,393		$	4,000,211		$	1,387,183		$	23,911,616

In arriving at the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024, the Company weighted Moody’s June 2024 baseline economic forecast at 40% and downside mild recessionary S-2 scenario at 60%. The June 2024 baseline scenario maintains a generally optimistic outlook in its assumptions surrounding the drivers of economic growth, including its expectations of the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy in easing inflationary conditions without precipitating a recession. The S-2 scenario is less optimistic compared to the baseline, with rising political tensions, continuing elevated inflation and interest rates, and reduced credit availability leading to a forecasted mild recession beginning in the third quarter of 2024 and lasting for three quarters.

The modest increase in the allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023, reflects a relatively consistent credit loss outlook and continued focus on risks that impact certain segments within the Company’s loan portfolio. The decline in the reserve for unfunded commitments compared to December 31, 2023 was largely volume driven.

				Commercial			Total			Commercial
	Commercial			real estate-			commercial			real estate-			Construction
	non-real			owner			and			income			and land			Residential
($ in thousands)	estate			occupied			industrial			producing			development			mortgages			Consumer			Total
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	96,461		$	48,284		$	144,745		$	71,961		$	30,498		$	32,464		$	28,121		$	307,789
Charge-offs		(7,503	)		—			(7,503	)		(73	)		(72	)		(28	)		(6,912	)		(14,588	)
Recoveries		2,694			350			3,044			10			6			480			1,953			5,493
Net provision for loan losses		4,543			(2,339	)		2,204			5,243			912			3,681			3,762			15,802
Ending balance - allowance for loan losses	$	96,195		$	46,295		$	142,490		$	77,141		$	31,344		$	36,597		$	26,924		$	314,496
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Beginning balance	$	4,984		$	302		$	5,286		$	1,395		$	25,110		$	31		$	1,487		$	33,309
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		12			27			39			28			(2,227	)		(8	)		19			(2,149	)
Ending balance - reserve for unfunded lending commitments		4,996			329			5,325			1,423			22,883			23			1,506			31,160
Total allowance for credit losses	$	101,191		$	46,624		$	147,815		$	78,564		$	54,227		$	36,620		$	28,430		$	345,656
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated	$	7,501		$	—		$	7,501		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	7,501
Collectively evaluated		88,694			46,295			134,989			77,141			31,344			36,597			26,924			306,995
Allowance for loan losses	$	96,195		$	46,295		$	142,490		$	77,141		$	31,344		$	36,597		$	26,924		$	314,496
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Individually evaluated	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Collectively evaluated		4,996			329			5,325			1,423			22,883			23			1,506			31,160
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:	$	4,996		$	329		$	5,325		$	1,423		$	22,883		$	23		$	1,506		$	31,160
Total allowance for credit losses	$	101,191		$	46,624		$	147,815		$	78,564		$	54,227		$	36,620		$	28,430		$	345,656
Loans:
Individually evaluated	$	35,697		$	675		$	36,372		$	—		$	—		$	1,135		$	—		$	37,507
Collectively evaluated		10,078,235			3,058,154			13,136,389			3,762,428			1,768,252			3,580,379			1,504,931			23,752,379
Total loans	$	10,113,932		$	3,058,829		$	13,172,761		$	3,762,428		$	1,768,252		$	3,581,514		$	1,504,931		$	23,789,886

The allowance for credit loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was up slightly when compared to December 31, 2022. Loan growth, higher individually evaluated loan reserves on our nonaccrual portfolio, and a relatively stable economic outlook led to modest shifts between portfolios and a marginally lower reserve coverage to total loans. In arriving at the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2023, the Company weighted the baseline economic forecast at 40% and the downside S-2 mild recession scenario at 60%.

Nonaccrual loans and certain reportable modified loan disclosures

The following table shows the composition of nonaccrual loans and those without an allowance for loan loss, by portfolio class.

	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Total nonaccrual		Nonaccrual without allowance for loan loss		Total nonaccrual		Nonaccrual without allowance for loan loss
Commercial non-real estate	$	17,951	$	7,578	$	20,840	$	13,637
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		4,660		2,098		2,228		—
Total commercial and industrial		22,611		9,676		23,068		13,637
Commercial real estate - income producing		23,603		23,436		461		—
Construction and land development		1,774		928		815		—
Residential mortgages		28,293		—		26,137		—
Consumer		9,972		818		8,555		—
Total loans	$	86,253	$	34,858	$	59,036	$	13,637

As a part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectability of the loans and to avoid the need for repossession or foreclosure of collateral. Nonaccrual loans include reportable nonaccruing modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MEFDs”) totaling $5.3 million and $0.1 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Total reportable MEFDs, both accruing and nonaccruing, were $62.7 million and $24.5 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company had unfunded commitments to borrowers whose

loan terms have been modified as a reportable MEFD totaling $7.2 million and $0.7 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The tables below provide detail by portfolio class for reportable MEFDs entered into during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Modified facilities are reflected only once in each table based on the type of modification or combination of modification.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Term extension					Significant payment delay				Term extensions and significant payment delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio		Balance		Percentage of portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	28,040		0.28	%	$	—		—	$	—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—		—		—
Total commercial and industrial		28,040		0.22	%		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - income producing		1,870		0.05	%		—		—		—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages		753		0.02	%		—		—		—		—
Consumer		49		0.00	%		—		—		—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	30,712		0.13	%	$	—		—	$	—		—

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Term extension					Significant payment delay					Term extensions and significant payment delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	44,156		0.45	%	$	—		—		$	5,275		0.05	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total commercial and industrial		44,156		0.34	%		—		—			5,275		0.04	%
Commercial real estate - income producing		1,870		0.05	%		1,613		0.04	%		—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		2,641		0.07	%		—		—			—		—
Consumer		155		0.01	%		—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	48,822		0.20	%	$	1,613		0.01	%	$	5,275		0.02	%

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Term extension					Significant payment delay					Term extensions and significant payment delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of portfolio class			Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	900		0.01	%	$	100		0.00	%	$	907		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—			675		0.02	%
Total commercial and industrial		900		0.01	%		100		0.00	%		1,582		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—			—		—			—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		—		—			—		—			—		—
Consumer		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	900		0.00	%	$	100		0.00	%	$	1,582		0.01	%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Term extension					Significant payment delay					Term extensions and significant payment delay
($ in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio
Commercial non-real estate	$	909		0.01	%	$	100		0.00	%	$	907		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—			—		—			675		0.02	%
Total commercial and industrial		909		0.01	%		100		0.00	%		1,582		0.01	%
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—			—		—			—		—
Construction and land development		—		—			—		—			—		—
Residential mortgages		—		—			—		—			—		—
Consumer		—		—			—		—			—		—
Total reportable modified loans	$	909		0.00	%	$	100		0.00	%	$	1,582		0.01	%

Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately two months for commercial loans, three years for residential mortgage loans and four years for consumer loans. Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately six months for commercial loans, seven years for residential mortgage loans and four years for consumer loans. The weighted average term of other than insignificant payment delays for commercial loans during the six months ended June 30, 2024, was three months. The reported term extensions and payment delays were considered more than insignificant as they exceeded six months when considering other modifications made in the past twelve months.

Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 consisted of weighted average term extensions on commercial loans of four months and three months, respectively; and weighted average payment delays on commercial loans of four months for both periods.

The tables below present the aging analysis of reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by portfolio class at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

June 30, 2024	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		Greater than 90 days past due		Total past due		Current		Total reportable modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	149	$	1,150	$	2,897	$	4,196	$	49,695	$	53,891
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		919		919		802		1,721
Total commercial and industrial		149		1,150		3,816		5,115		50,497		55,612
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—		—		—		3,483		3,483
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		82		82
Residential mortgages		1,296		46		84		1,426		1,647		3,073
Consumer		—		196		—		196		229		425
Total reportable modified loans	$	1,445	$	1,392	$	3,900	$	6,737	$	55,938	$	62,675

December 31, 2023	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		Greater than 90 days past due		Total past due		Current		Total reportable modified Loans
(in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	3,149	$	233	$	4,430	$	7,812	$	14,145	$	21,957
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—		1,774		1,774
Total commercial and industrial		3,149		233		4,430		7,812		15,919		23,731
Commercial real estate - income producing		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction and land development		—		—		—		—		85		85
Residential mortgages		66		—		—		66		390		456
Consumer		—		—		—		—		274		274
Total reportable modified loans	$	3,215	$	233	$	4,430	$	7,878	$	16,668	$	24,546

There was one commercial non-real estate loan totaling $6.3 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.1 million with reportable term extension modifications that had post modification payment defaults during the three month period ended June 30, 2024. For the six month period ended June 30, 2024, there were four commercial non-real estate loans totaling $9.6 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.1 million with reportable term extension modifications that had post modification payment

defaults. There were no post modification payment defaults within the three or six month periods ended June 30, 2023. A payment default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent or has been charged off as of the end of the period presented.

Aging Analysis

The tables below present the aging analysis of past due loans by portfolio class at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

June 30, 2024	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		Greater than 90 days past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded investment > 90 days and still accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	10,562	$	5,738	$	17,761	$	34,061	$	9,813,698	$	9,847,759	$	1,530
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,378		932		4,688		6,998		3,087,260		3,094,258		39
Total commercial and industrial		11,940		6,670		22,449		41,059		12,900,958		12,942,017		1,569
Commercial real estate - income producing		1,080		237		25,434		26,751		4,027,061		4,053,812		1,876
Construction and land development		937		1,531		1,465		3,933		1,524,460		1,528,393		38
Residential mortgages		9,989		18,263		20,774		49,026		3,951,185		4,000,211		94
Consumer		13,015		4,916		6,721		24,652		1,362,531		1,387,183		2,492
Total	$	36,961	$	31,617	$	76,843	$	145,421	$	23,766,195	$	23,911,616	$	6,069

December 31, 2023	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		Greater than 90 days past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded investment > 90 days and still accruing
($ in thousands)
Commercial non-real estate	$	12,311	$	4,381	$	21,132	$	37,824	$	9,919,460	$	9,957,284	$	5,782
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,614		1,596		1,715		4,925		3,088,838		3,093,763		431
Total commercial and industrial		13,925		5,977		22,847		42,749		13,008,298		13,051,047		6,213
Commercial real estate - income producing		3,938		606		408		4,952		3,981,991		3,986,943		—
Construction and land development		1,655		1,220		1,208		4,083		1,547,008		1,551,091		742
Residential mortgages		40,189		9,121		18,960		68,270		3,817,802		3,886,072		172
Consumer		11,059		5,957		6,611		23,627		1,423,137		1,446,764		2,482
Total	$	70,766	$	22,881	$	50,034	$	143,681	$	23,778,236	$	23,921,917	$	9,609

Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present the credit quality indicators by segment and portfolio class of loans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company routinely assesses the ratings of loans in its portfolio through an established and comprehensive portfolio management process.

	June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Commercial non-real estate		Commercial real estate - owner- occupied		Total commercial and industrial		Commercial real estate - income producing		Construction and land development		Total commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	9,294,427	$	2,993,146	$	12,287,573	$	3,887,589	$	1,518,764	$	17,693,926
Pass-Watch		253,576		71,816		325,392		120,817		4,287		450,496
Special Mention		52,917		5,463		58,380		6,666		—		65,046
Substandard		246,839		23,833		270,672		38,740		5,342		314,754
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,847,759	$	3,094,258	$	12,942,017	$	4,053,812	$	1,528,393	$	18,524,222

	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Commercial non-real estate		Commercial real estate - owner- occupied		Total commercial and industrial		Commercial real estate - income producing		Construction and land development		Total commercial
Grade:
Pass	$	9,524,018	$	3,016,277	$	12,540,295	$	3,799,004	$	1,542,460	$	17,881,759
Pass-Watch		234,211		52,027		286,238		139,932		7,460		433,630
Special Mention		11,486		6,647		18,133		40,826		356		59,315
Substandard		187,569		18,812		206,381		7,181		815		214,377
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,957,284	$	3,093,763	$	13,051,047	$	3,986,943	$	1,551,091	$	18,589,081

	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Residential mortgage		Consumer		Total		Residential mortgage		Consumer		Total
Performing	$	3,971,918	$	1,377,211	$	5,349,129	$	3,859,935	$	1,438,209	$	5,298,144
Nonperforming		28,293		9,972		38,265		26,137		8,555		34,692
Total	$	4,000,211	$	1,387,183	$	5,387,394	$	3,886,072	$	1,446,764	$	5,332,836

Below are the definitions of the Company’s internally assigned grades:

Commercial:

•Pass – loans properly approved, documented, collateralized, and performing which do not reflect an abnormal credit risk.

•Pass-Watch – credits in this category are of sufficient risk to cause concern. This category is reserved for credits that display negative performance trends. The “Watch” grade should be regarded as a transition category.

•Special Mention – a criticized asset category defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit or the institution’s credit position. Special mention credits are not considered part of the classified credit categories and do not expose the institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

•Substandard – an asset that is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful – an asset that has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss – credits classified as loss are considered uncollectable and are charged off promptly once so classified.

Residential and Consumer:

•Performing – accruing loans.

•Nonperforming – loans for which there are good reasons to doubt that payments will be made in full. Nonperforming loans include all loans with nonaccrual status.

Vintage Analysis

The following tables present credit quality disclosures of amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company defines vintage as the later of origination, renewal or modification date. The gross charge-offs presented in the tables that follow are for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023.

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
June 30, 2024	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	829,743	$	1,357,524	$	1,498,085	$	927,024	$	393,960	$	1,098,853	$	3,074,946	$	114,292	$	9,294,427
Pass-Watch		2,516		70,201		32,390		28,224		24,170		26,446		65,735		3,894		253,576
Special Mention		10,545		9,528		460		10		19		775		12,558		19,022		52,917
Substandard		21,061		27,065		71,000		25,700		7,598		2,938		71,275		20,202		246,839
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	863,865	$	1,464,318	$	1,601,935	$	980,958	$	425,747	$	1,129,012	$	3,224,514	$	157,410	$	9,847,759
Gross Charge-offs	$	1	$	4,140	$	3,185	$	201	$	162	$	1,792	$	5,586	$	2,237	$	17,304
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	127,741	$	360,670	$	671,915	$	595,514	$	482,610	$	708,227	$	45,024	$	1,445	$	2,993,146
Pass-Watch		15,033		2,833		23,790		8,887		5,227		13,293		682		2,071		71,816
Special Mention		—		—		—		708		—		4,605		150		—		5,463
Substandard		—		919		6,223		1,067		1,135		14,196		293		—		23,833
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	142,774	$	364,422	$	701,928	$	606,176	$	488,972	$	740,321	$	46,149	$	3,516	$	3,094,258
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	139,849	$	474,323	$	1,007,715	$	1,002,586	$	615,869	$	614,519	$	31,329	$	1,399	$	3,887,589
Pass-Watch		19,989		3,987		11,858		2,914		70,389		11,680		—		—		120,817
Special Mention		—		446		—		—		—		6,220		—		—		6,666
Substandard		1,870		4,086		32,240		—		—		544		—		—		38,740
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	161,708	$	482,842	$	1,051,813	$	1,005,500	$	686,258	$	632,963	$	31,329	$	1,399	$	4,053,812
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	8,819	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,819
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	125,166	$	453,843	$	574,481	$	151,676	$	35,654	$	17,271	$	157,839	$	2,834	$	1,518,764
Pass-Watch		303		1,078		1,983		432		32		257		202		—		4,287
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		251		1,167		3,613		72		239		—		—		5,342
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	125,469	$	455,172	$	577,631	$	155,721	$	35,758	$	17,767	$	158,041	$	2,834	$	1,528,393
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	113	$	85	$	—	$	—	$	20	$	—	$	7	$	225
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	112,301	$	420,889	$	1,051,549	$	921,491	$	467,352	$	994,793	$	3,333	$	210	$	3,971,918
Nonperforming		—		2,403		4,355		3,247		788		17,500		—		—		28,293
Total	$	112,301	$	423,292	$	1,055,904	$	924,738	$	468,140	$	1,012,293	$	3,333	$	210	$	4,000,211
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	65	$	—	$	—	$	67
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	38,760	$	49,970	$	47,310	$	28,197	$	21,997	$	59,552	$	1,115,136	$	16,289	$	1,377,211
Nonperforming		57		85		480		788		829		4,449		221		3,063		9,972
Total	$	38,817	$	50,055	$	47,790	$	28,985	$	22,826	$	64,001	$	1,115,357	$	19,352	$	1,387,183
Gross Charge-offs	$	4	$	901	$	1,458	$	637	$	114	$	520	$	4,151	$	1,117	$	8,902

	Term Loans														Revolving Loans
December 31, 2023	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving		Converted to
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Commercial Non-Real Estate:
Pass	$	1,557,202	$	1,812,370	$	1,106,433	$	483,739	$	398,626	$	923,143	$	3,186,189	$	56,316	$	9,524,018
Pass-Watch		30,360		60,228		20,730		8,245		4,988		9,117		94,252		6,291		234,211
Special Mention		411		6,206		936		27		26		836		2,620		424		11,486
Substandard		48,264		48,178		18,882		8,058		3,079		1,660		54,453		4,995		187,569
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,636,237	$	1,926,982	$	1,146,981	$	500,069	$	406,719	$	934,756	$	3,337,514	$	68,026	$	9,957,284
Gross Charge-offs	$	7,885	$	1,179	$	1,484	$	27,000	$	81	$	1,750	$	11,971	$	8,480	$	59,830
Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied:
Pass	$	374,466	$	689,626	$	620,272	$	501,054	$	284,032	$	493,707	$	40,533	$	12,587	$	3,016,277
Pass-Watch		2,574		9,587		9,654		3,451		8,791		17,581		389		—		52,027
Special Mention		837		—		617		—		110		5,083		—		—		6,647
Substandard		2,322		4,956		967		1,295		584		7,374		1,314		—		18,812
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	380,199	$	704,169	$	631,510	$	505,800	$	293,517	$	523,745	$	42,236	$	12,587	$	3,093,763
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate - Income Producing:
Pass	$	456,334	$	953,501	$	966,402	$	618,003	$	323,344	$	367,010	$	65,486	$	48,924	$	3,799,004
Pass-Watch		9,469		3,064		3,886		75,182		23,827		22,504		2,000		—		139,932
Special Mention		156		32,255		—		354		—		8,061		—		—		40,826
Substandard		4,086		1,921		286		—		122		766		—		—		7,181
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	470,045	$	990,741	$	970,574	$	693,539	$	347,293	$	398,341	$	67,486	$	48,924	$	3,986,943
Gross Charge-offs	$	73	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	73
Construction and Land Development:
Pass	$	388,453	$	676,687	$	248,036	$	62,086	$	6,008	$	18,834	$	139,587	$	2,769	$	1,542,460
Pass-Watch		3,067		2,820		827		83		128		323		212		—		7,460
Special Mention		294		—		—		—		62		—		—		—		356
Substandard		—		87		96		49		9		279		295		—		815
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	391,814	$	679,594	$	248,959	$	62,218	$	6,207	$	19,436	$	140,094	$	2,769	$	1,551,091
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	7	$	54	$	—	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	72
Residential Mortgage:
Performing	$	439,024	$	910,361	$	950,400	$	489,262	$	176,041	$	891,232	$	3,615	$	—	$	3,859,935
Nonperforming		561		2,233		3,260		730		2,366		16,987		—		—		26,137
Total	$	439,585	$	912,594	$	953,660	$	489,992	$	178,407	$	908,219	$	3,615	$	—	$	3,886,072
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	55	$	—	$	—	$	55
Consumer Loans:
Performing	$	75,615	$	59,454	$	36,693	$	28,076	$	31,802	$	39,150	$	1,144,401	$	23,018	$	1,438,209
Nonperforming		176		237		245		438		445		2,528		369		4,117		8,555
Total	$	75,791	$	59,691	$	36,938	$	28,514	$	32,247	$	41,678	$	1,144,770	$	27,135	$	1,446,764
Gross Charge-offs	$	567	$	2,388	$	1,473	$	215	$	573	$	824	$	7,735	$	1,618	$	15,393

Residential Mortgage Loans in Process of Foreclosure

Loans in process of foreclosure include those for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. Included in loans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $5.2 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of consumer loans secured by single family residential real estate that were in process of foreclosure. In addition to the single family residential real estate loans in process of foreclosure, the Company also held foreclosed single family residential properties in other real estate owned totaling $1.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale totaled $27.4 million and $26.1 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loans held for sale is composed primarily of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market. At June 30, 2024, residential mortgage loans carried at the fair value option totaled $26.1 million with an unpaid principal balance of $25.4 million. At December 31, 2023, residential mortgage loans carried at the fair value option totaled $13.3 million with an unpaid principal balance of $12.9 million. All other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market.