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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]  
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

14.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements



Accounting Standards Adopted in 2017



In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including income tax consequences; classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and classification on the statement of cash flows.  The amendments were effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods and we adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2017.  In accordance with the standard, the Company elected to account for forfeitures of stock-based compensation as they occur and will now reclass dividends paid on forfeited shares to compensation expense from retained earnings.    Classification of shares forfeited for taxes are reflected in the statement of cash flows as a financing rather than operating activity, with all historical periods restated.  In addition, the Company began recognizing excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies during the period to income (rather than in equity) on a prospective basis.  Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, however, the change in treatment  of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies could result in volatility of future earnings, depending on changes in stock prices



Issued but Not Yet Adopted Accounting Standards



In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities,” which amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium.  The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date.  The amendments do not, however, require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; instead, the discount continues to be amortized to maturity.  The amendments in this ASU more closely align the amortization period of premiums and discounts to expectations incorporated in market pricing on the underlying securities.  These amendments are effective for fiscal years, and for interim period within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  If adopted in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period.  The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retain earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and is considering early adoption, but it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715):  Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost.  The amendments require that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period.  The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented.  The amendments also allow only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable.  These amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods.  Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance, meaning early adoption should be within the first interim period if an employer issues interim financial statements.  Disclosures of the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle are required in the first interim and annual periods of adoption.  The amendments should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and the impact of adoption, but it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should (1) perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and (2) recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the understanding that the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.  Additionally, ASU No. 2017-04 removes the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails such qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.  This ASU is effective for public business entities that are SEC filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The ASU should be applied using a prospective method.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and is considering early adoption, but it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” which addresses stakeholders’ concerns that the current definition of a business is applied too broadly and analyzing transactions under the current definition is difficult and costly.  Under the amended guidance, a transaction is initially subject to a screening process to determine whether a “set” (i.e. an integrated set of assets and activities) does not qualify as a business.  Under the screen, if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or in a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is deemed not to be a business.  Further evaluation is required only if the transferred set does not meet the screen.  Under the further evaluation, to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that, together, significantly contribute to the ability to create output.  The amendment also narrows the definition of the term “output” so that it is consistent with the manner in which outputs are described in Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods.  Early application is permitted under certain circumstances.  The amendments should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and the impact of adoption.



In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory,” which addresses stakeholders’ concerns that the limited amount of authoritative guidance has led to diversity in practice and is a source of complexity in financial reporting and results in an unfaithful representation of the economics of an intra-entity asset transfer.  The amendment eliminates the exception to the United States generally accepted accounting principle (“U.S. GAAP”) of comprehensive recognition of current and deferred income taxes that prohibits recognizing current and deferred income tax consequences for an intra-equity asset transfer (excluding the transfer of inventory) until the asset has been sold to an outside party.  The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and the impact of adoption; however, the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

   

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” to address diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  The amendments provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues, including debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (including bank-owned), life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle.  The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented.  This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.





In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credits Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations.  The ASU, more commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Losses, or CECL, requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates.  Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses.  Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances.  In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.  The ASU is effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption.  Early application is permitted for all organizations for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company has begun the process of implementation and currently is not planning to early adopt.  The Company expects the guidance will result in an increase in the allowance for loan losses given the change from covering losses inherent in the portfolio to covering losses over the remaining expected life of the portfolio and the nonaccretable difference on purchased credit impaired loans moving to an allowance (offset by an increase in the carrying value of the related loans). The guidance will also result in the establishment of an allowance for credit loss on held to maturity debt securities.  The amount of the increase in these allowances will be impacted by the portfolio composition and quality at the adoption date as well as economic conditions and forecasts at that time.



In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” that provides new lease accounting guidance.  Under the guidance, lessees (with the exception of short-term leases) will be required to recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.  Lessor accounting is largely unchanged.  Lessees will need to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability.  Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.  Public business entities should apply the amendments for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and the impact of adoption by reviewing its existing lease contracts and service contracts that may include embedded leases.  The Company expects a gross-up of its Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of recognizing lease liabilities and right of use assets; the extent of such is under evaluation.  The Company does not expect material changes to the recognition of operating lease expense in its consolidated results of operations.



In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” that improves the recognition and measurement of financial instruments through targeted changes to existing GAAP. It requires equity investments (except those that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It also requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement; however, the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” affecting any entity that enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The core principle of this standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Most revenue associated with financial instruments, including interest and loan origination fees, is outside the scope of the guidance. Gains and losses on investment securities, derivatives, and sales of financial instruments are also excluded from the scope.  Subsequent to issuance of the revenue recognition guidance, the FASB has issued several updates that deferred by one year the effective date for revenue recognition guidance; clarified its guidance for performing the principal-versus-agent analysis; clarified guidance for identifying performance obligations allowing entities to ignore immaterial promised goods and services in the context of a contract with a customer and other clarifying guidance and technical corrections.  Entities can elect to adopt the guidance either on a full or modified retrospective basis.  Full retrospective adoption will require a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented.  Modified retrospective adoption will require a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the new guidance.  The standard will be effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company is still in process of gathering an inventory and evaluating all contracts with customers and does not plan to early adopt the guidance. The Company is also in the process of evaluating the transition method election and the impact of the guidance to noninterest income and on presentation and disclosures. The preliminary analysis suggests this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.