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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]  
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

14.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements



New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2016

In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02 “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis” that changed the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The amendments in this ASU (1) modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (VIEs) or voting interest entities; (2) eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership; (3) affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships; and (4) provide a scope exception from consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interests in legal entities that are required to comply with or operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered money market funds.  The amendments in this update were effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015.  The Company performed the consolidation analysis using the new guidelines effective as of January 1, 2016.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs to simplify presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts.  The guidance in this ASU does not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements.  Therefore, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) - Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements (Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting)” to clarify the SEC staff position that they would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement.  We adopted ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 on the first day of 2016 as required by the guidance and applied it retrospectively to the first day of 2012.  Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.  We retrospectively adjusted the balance sheet, statement of cash flows, long-term debt note and selected financial data.  The effect of the change on the financial statement line items of Other Assets and Long-term Debt was immaterial (See Note 5).

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Subtopic 350-40 “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” that provides guidance to customers about how to account for a cloud computing arrangement depending on whether or not it includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance did not change GAAP for a customer’s accounting for service contracts.  For public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company elected to adopt this guidance prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified on or after the first day of 2016, as required by the guidance. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)” that removed the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient and remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient.  The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16 “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments” that eliminates the requirement to restate prior period financial statements for measurement period adjustments. The new guidance requires that the cumulative impact of a measurement period adjustment (including the impact on prior periods) be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment is identified. The new standard should be applied prospectively to measurement period adjustments that occur after the effective date. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.





Recently Issued but Not Yet Adopted Accounting Standards



In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” that clarifies the identification of performance obligations and licensing from revenue from contracts with customers.  The amendments help determine whether promises to transfer goods or services to a customer are separately identifiable by emphasizing that an entity determines whether the nature of its promise in the contract is to transfer each of the goods or services or whether the promise is to transfer a combined item (or items) to which the promised goods and/or services are inputs. In addition, the amendments clarify how to determine whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity’s intellectual property or a right to access the entity’s intellectual property.  Public entities should apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods therein. Early application for public entities is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and adoption of this guidance, but it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including income tax consequences; classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual period. The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and the impact of adoption. 



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” that improves the operability and understandability of the implementation on guidance on principal versus agent considerations.  The amendments relate to when another party, along with the entity, is involved in providing a good or service to a customer.  It requires an entity to determine whether the nature of its promise is to provide that good or service to the customer (i.e., the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the good or service to be provided to the customer by the other party (i.e., the entity is an agent).  Public entities should apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07 “Investments —Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323)” that simplifies the transition to the equity method of accounting.  The amendments affect all entities that have an investment that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence.  The amendments require that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting.  Therefore, upon qualifying for the equity method of accounting, no retroactive adjustment of the investment is required.  The amendments require that an entity that has an available for sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method.  The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.  



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-06 “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments” that requires embedded derivatives to be separated from the host contract and accounted for separately as derivatives if certain criteria are met.  The amendments apply to all entities that are issuers of or investors in debt instruments (or hybrid financial instruments that are determined to have a debt host) with embedded call (put) options.  The amendments clarify what steps are required when assessing whether the economic characteristics and risks or call (put) options are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of their debt hosts, which is one of the criteria for bifurcating an embedded derivative.  Consequently, when a call (put) option is contingently exercisable, an entity does not have to assess whether the event that triggers the ability to exercise a call (put) option is related to interest rates or credits risks.  Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05 “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships” that clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship.  The amendments apply to all reporting entities for which there is a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument.  The amendments are effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The amendments may be applied on either a prospective basis or a modified retrospective basis.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04 “Extinguishments of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20): Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products” to provide guidance to entities that offer certain prepaid stored value products, such as prepaid gift cards, prepaid telecommunication cards, and traveler’s checks.  The amendments provide a narrow scope exception to the guidance in Subtopic 405-20 to require that breakage for those liabilities be accounted for consistent with the breakage guidance in Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  The amendments are effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  These amendments can either be applied using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the guidance is effective, or retrospectively to each period presented.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.



In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” that provides new lease accounting guidance.  Under the guidance, lessees (with the exception of short-term leases) will be required to recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.  Lessor accounting is largely unchanged.  Lessees will need to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability.  Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.  Public business entities should apply the amendments for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and adoption of this guidance. 



In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” that improves the recognition and measurement of financial instruments through targeted changes to existing GAAP. It requires equity investments (except those that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It also requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” regarding revenue from contracts with customers affecting any entity that enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The core principle of this standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will be effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing this pronouncement and adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.