qnbc-10q_20180331.htm

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	(in thousands, except share data)
	(current period unaudited)
	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	10,644		$	10,793
Interest-bearing deposits in banks		19,226			5,538
Total cash and cash equivalents		29,870			16,331

Investment debt securities
Available-for-sale (amortized cost $368,435 and $380,440)		357,519			374,570
Investment equity securities (cost of $10,095 and $5,296)		9,527			4,975
Restricted investment in stocks		1,466			1,501
Loans held-for-sale		272			—
Loans receivable		750,187			733,283
Allowance for loan losses		(8,037	)		(7,841	)
Net loans		742,150			725,442
Bank-owned life insurance		10,963			10,894
Premises and equipment, net		8,711			8,495
Accrued interest receivable		3,697			3,545
Net deferred tax assets		4,411			3,319
Other assets		3,582			3,265
Total assets	$	1,172,168		$	1,152,337

Liabilities
Deposits
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	135,040		$	129,212
Interest-bearing demand		287,849			297,470
Money market		80,966			84,562
Savings		270,263			257,522
Time		122,887			124,485
Time of $100 or more		109,364			100,697
Total deposits		1,006,369			993,948
Short-term borrowings		64,879			55,756
Accrued interest payable		415			384
Other liabilities		4,001			3,679
Total liabilities		1,075,664			1,053,767

Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, par value $0.625 per share;
authorized 10,000,000 shares; 3,618,585 shares and 3,612,677
shares issued; 3,454,016 and 3,448,108 shares outstanding		2,262			2,258
Surplus		18,778			18,691
Retained earnings		86,564			84,183
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(8,624	)		(4,086	)
Treasury stock, at cost; 164,569 shares		(2,476	)		(2,476	)
Total shareholders' equity		96,504			98,570
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,172,168		$	1,152,337

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	(in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,	2018			2017
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	8,427		$	7,072
Interest and dividends on investment securities (AFS & Equity):
Taxable		1,576			1,563
Tax-exempt		483			465
Interest on trading securities		—			29
Interest on interest-bearing balances and other interest income		23			7
Total interest income		10,509			9,136

Interest expense
Interest on deposits
Interest-bearing demand		374			174
Money market		58			52
Savings		330			259
Time		378			368
Time of $100 or more		399			323
Interest on short-term borrowings		179			80
Total interest expense		1,718			1,256
Net interest income		8,791			7,880
Provision for loan losses		188			300
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,603			7,580

Non-interest income
Net gain on sales of investment debt and equity securities		85			749
Unrealized loss on investment equity securities		(246	)		—
Net gain on trading activities		—			17
Fees for services to customers		421			392
ATM and debit card		430			417
Retail brokerage and advisory		103			103
Bank-owned life insurance		68			71
Merchant		74			80
Net gain on sale of loans		7			50
Other		125			111
Total non-interest income		1,067			1,990

Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits		3,345			3,086
Net occupancy		471			451
Furniture and equipment		487			429
Marketing		310			229
Third party services		410			394
Telephone, postage and supplies		181			200
State taxes		170			193
FDIC insurance premiums		175			141
Other		629			465
Total non-interest expense		6,178			5,588
Income before income taxes		3,492			3,982
Provision for income taxes		557			1,122
Net income	$	2,935		$	2,860
Earnings per share - basic	$	0.85		$	0.84
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.85		$	0.83
Cash dividends per share	$	0.32		$	0.31

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	(in thousands - unaudited)
	2018									2017
Three months ended March 31,	Before tax amount			Tax expense (benefit)			Net of tax amount			Before tax amount			Tax expense (benefit)			Net of tax amount
Net income	$	3,492		$	557		$	2,935		$	3,982		$	1,122		$	2,860
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gains on securities:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during the period		(5,048	)		(1,060	)		(3,988	)		1,249			425			824
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income		1			—			1			(749	)		(254	)		(495	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(5,047	)		(1,060	)		(3,987	)		500			171			329
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,555	)	$	(503	)	$	(1,052	)	$	4,482		$	1,293		$	3,189

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

										Accumulated
	Number of									Other
(unaudited)	Shares		Common				Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Outstanding		Stock		Surplus		Earnings			Income (Loss)			Stock			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017		3,448,108	$	2,258	$	18,691	$	84,183		$	(4,086	)	$	(2,476	)	$	98,570
Net income				—		—		2,935			—			—			2,935
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax				—		—		—			(3,987	)		—			(3,987	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.32 per share)				—		—		(1,105	)		—			—			(1,105	)
Equity securities fair value reclassification⁽¹⁾								(254	)		254						—
ASU 2018-02 stranded tax reclassification⁽²⁾								805			(805	)					—
Stock issued for options exercised		5,908		4		65		—			—			—			69
Stock-based compensation expense				—		22		—			—			—			22
Balance, March 31, 2018		3,454,016	$	2,262	$	18,778	$	86,564		$	(8,624	)	$	(2,476	)	$	96,504
⁽¹⁾Refer to Note 2, ASU 2016-01
⁽²⁾Refer to Note 2, ASU 2018-02

										Accumulated
	Number of									Other
(unaudited)	Shares		Common				Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Outstanding		Stock		Surplus		Earnings			Income (Loss)			Stock			Total
Balance, December 31, 2016		3,411,701	$	2,235	$	17,418	$	80,147		$	(3,757	)	$	(2,476	)	$	93,567
Net income				—		—		2,860			—			—			2,860
Other comprehensive income, net of tax				—		—		—			329			—			329
Cash dividends declared ($0.31 per share)				—		—		(1,059	)		—			—			(1,059	)
Stock issued in connection with dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan		6,656		4		238		—			—			—			242
Stock issued for options exercised		6,399		4		82		—			—			—			86
Stock-based compensation expense				—		18		—			—			—			18
Balance, March 31, 2017		3,424,756	$	2,243	$	17,756	$	81,948		$	(3,428	)	$	(2,476	)	$	96,043

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	(in thousands, unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,	2018			2017
Operating Activities
Net income	$	2,935		$	2,860
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		197			202
Provision for loan losses		188			300
Net gain on sales of debt and equity securities		(85	)		(749	)
Net unrealized loss on equity securities		246			—
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned, repossessed assets and premises and equipment		(1	)		(1	)
Net gain on sale of loans		(7	)		(50	)
Proceeds from sales of residential mortgages held-for-sale		605			2,023
Origination of residential mortgages held-for-sale		(870	)		(2,087	)
Income on bank-owned life insurance		(68	)		(71	)
Stock-based compensation expense		22			18
Net decrease in trading securities		—			1,238
Deferred income tax provision		(32	)		(67	)
Net increase in income taxes payable		583			1,139
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable		(152	)		354
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights and change in valuation allowance		14			20
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities		386			414
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable		31			(32	)
Increase in other assets		(520	)		(817	)
Decrease in other liabilities		(73	)		(12	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,399			4,682
Investing Activities
Proceeds from payments, maturities and calls of investment securities available-for-sale		11,629			14,116
Proceeds from the sale of debt securities available-for-sale		2,403			9,486
Proceeds from the sale of equity securities		712			4,510
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale		(2,415	)		(17,287	)
Purchases of equity securities		(5,425	)		(1,656	)
Proceeds from redemption of investment in restricted bank stock		2,961			1,930
Purchase of restricted stock		(2,926	)		(1,823	)
Net increase in loans		(16,896	)		(25,935	)
Net purchases of premises and equipment		(413	)		(58	)
Redemption of bank-owned life insurance		—			446
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned and repossessed assets		1			—
Net cash used in investing activities		(10,369	)		(16,271	)
Financing Activities
Net increase in non-interest bearing deposits		5,828			2,768
Net increase in interest-bearing deposits		6,594			26,768
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings		9,123			(7,395	)
Cash dividends paid, net of reinvestment		(1,105	)		(928	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		69			197
Net cash provided by financing activities		20,509			21,410
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		13,539			9,821
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		16,331			10,721
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	29,870		$	20,542
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures
Interest paid	$	1,687		$	1,288
Income taxes paid		6			49
Non-cash transactions:
Unsettled trades to purchase securities		—			155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QNB Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, QNB Bank (the “Bank”). The consolidated entity is referred to herein as “QNB” or the “Company”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in QNB's 2017 Annual Report incorporated in the Form 10-K. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the period and are of a normal and recurring nature.

Tabular information, other than share and per share data, is presented in thousands of dollars.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

QNB has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2018, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these financial statements.

QNB adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, effective January 1, 2018. This ASU was issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) on January 5, 2016 to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The FASB issued ASU 2018-03 in February 2018 which provides technical corrections and Improvements to ASU 2016-01. QNB adopted the applicable requirements under these ASUs as follows:

QNB used the modified retrospective method for transition in which the cumulative effect will be recognized at the date of adoption with no restatement of comparative periods presented. QNB reclassed a net loss of $254,000 from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings on January 1, 2018. Based on an evaluation of our deferred tax asset and considering the effect of the new guidance, management believes that deferred tax assets related to AFS debt securities are realizable and no valuation allowance would be required. Management believes the potential effect of using exit versus entry price is most relevant for fair value disclosures of loans, which considers the impact of credit risk on fair value.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017 Tax Reform Act) was enacted into law. The 2017 Tax Reform Act made significant changes to U.S. corporate income tax laws including a decrease in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company recorded less tax expense for the first quarter of 2018 than in the comparable quarter of 2017, with effective tax rates of 16.0% in 2018 compared to 28.2% in 2017, primarily a result of the 2017 Tax Reform Act.

QNB adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 202) during the first quarter of 2018. The amendments in this ASU, issued by the FASB on February 2, 2018, affect any entity that is required to apply the provisions of Topic 220, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income, and has items of other comprehensive income for which the related tax effects are presented in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP. The amendments in this ASU allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Reform Act and eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Reform Act. The Company chose to early adopt the amendments in this update as permitted. QNB reclassed $805,000 from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings in the consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity during the first quarter of 2018.

QNB adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASC 606), effective January 1, 2018. Under ASU 2014-09, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. QNB applied the five-step method outlined in ASU 2014-09 to all revenue streams scoped-in by the ASU and elected the modified retrospective implementation method. Substantially all of QNB’s interest income and non-interest income were not impacted by the adoption of this ASU because either the revenue from those contracts with customers is covered by other guidance in U.S. GAAP or the revenue recognition outcomes were similar to our current revenue recognition practices. We reviewed non-interest sources of income and related contracts to document the impact of the new standard on our service offerings that are in the scope of the ASU including: service charges on deposits; ATM and debit card income; retail brokerage and advisory fees; merchant income; credit card income; sale of checks to depositors; miscellaneous fees; and sale of OREOs. Upon our analysis we concluded that the adoption of ASC 606 did not change the timing and pattern of revenue recognition related to scoped in non-interest income source and only required additional disclosures. In addition, we reviewed, and where necessary, enhanced our business processes, systems and controls to support recognition and disclosures under the new standard.

The implementation of the guidance had no material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue of prior periods, however, additional disclosures have been added in accordance with the ASU.

The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. The main types of revenue contracts included in non-interest income within the consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

Credit card fees are recognized monthly, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder within the month.

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This new standard on accounting for leases introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet but recognizes expenses in the income statement similar to how items are recorded today. The new standard eliminates the requirement in current U.S. GAAP for an entity to use bright-line tests in determining lease classification. The ASU also eliminates the current real estate-specific provisions and changes the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs and lease executory costs for all entities. All entities will classify leases to determine how to recognize the related revenue and expense and this classification will affect amounts that lessors record on the balance sheet. The new guidance will be effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. QNB does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on the consolidated statements.

On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The new guidance requires organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The new guidance affects organizations that hold financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net income. The new guidance affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash.

For public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, the new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all organizations for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. QNB is evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

On March 30, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU is intended to enhance the accounting for the amortization of premiums for purchased callable debt securities and will require premiums to be amortized to the earliest call date. For public companies, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. QNB does not anticipate this new standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements as it already uses the earliest call date to amortize premiums on callable debt securities.

QNB sponsors stock-based compensation plans, administered by a Board committee, under which both qualified and non-qualified stock options may be granted periodically to certain employees. Compensation cost has been measured using the fair value of an award on the grant date and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period.

Stock-based compensation expense was $22,000 and $18,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, there was approximately $185,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation award grants that is expected to be recognized over the next 35 months.

Options are granted to certain employees at prices equal to the market value of the stock on the date the options are granted. The 2005 Plan authorized the issuance of 200,000 shares. The time period during which any option is exercisable under the Plan is determined by the Committee but shall not commence before the expiration of six months after the date of grant or continue beyond the expiration of five years after the date the option is awarded. The granted options vest after a three-year period. As of March 31, 2018, there were 184,200 options granted, 65,350 options forfeited, 91,575 options exercised, and 27,275 options outstanding under this Plan. The 2005 Plan expired on March 15, 2015.

The 2015 Plan authorizes the issuance of 300,000 shares. The terms of the 2015 Plan are identical to the 2005 Plan. There were 73,500 options granted and outstanding under this Plan as of March 31, 2018. There were no options forfeited and no options exercised as of March 31, 2018. The 2015 Plan expires on February 24, 2025.

The fair value of each option is amortized into compensation expense on a straight-line basis between the grant date for the option and each vesting date. QNB estimated the fair value of stock options on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires the use of numerous assumptions, many of which are highly subjective in nature.

The following assumptions were used in the option pricing model in determining the fair value of options granted during the period:

The risk-free interest rate was selected based upon yields of U.S. Treasury issues with a term approximating the expected life of the option being valued. Historical information was the primary basis for the selection of the expected dividend yield, expected volatility and expected lives of the options.

The fair market value of options granted in the first three months of 2018 and 2017 was $5.29 and $3.88, respectively.

Stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

The following sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

There were 25,000 stock options that were anti-dilutive for both three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. These stock options were not included in the above calculation.

The Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 100,000 shares of its common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase authorization does not bear a termination date. There were no shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. As of March 31, 2018, 57,883 shares were repurchased under this authorization at an average price of $16.97 and a total cost of $982,000.

The following shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

The following tables present amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

QNB engaged in trading activities for its own account. Municipal securities that were held principally for resale in the near term were recorded in the trading account at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in non-interest income. During the second quarter of 2017, QNB Bank redeemed the trading securities portfolio, as lack of volatility and the interest rate environment resulting in declining performance of the portfolio. The net realized and unrealized gains were $17,000 for the first quarter of 2017. Interest and dividends were included in interest income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment debt securities available-for-sale and equity securities at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity at March 31, 2018 are shown in the following table. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities are assigned to categories based on contractual maturity except for mortgage-backed securities and CMOs which are based on the estimated average life of these securities and municipal securities that have been pre-refunded.

Proceeds from sales of investment debt securities available-for-sale were approximately $2,403,000 and $9,486,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Proceeds from sales of investment equity securities were approximately $712,000 and $4,510,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, investment debt securities available-for-sale totaling approximately $193,454,000 and $202,887,000, respectively, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and deposits of public funds.

The following table presents information related to the Company’s gains and losses on the sales of equity and debt securities, and losses recognized for the other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) of these investments. Gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are computed on the specific identification method and included in non-interest income. Gross realized losses on equity and debt securities are net of other-than-temporary impairment charges:

	Three months ended March 31, 2018															Three months ended March 31, 2017
						Other-than-															Other-than-
	Gross		Gross			temporary		Gross		Gross						Gross		Gross			temporary
	realized		realized			impairment		unrealized		unrealized						realized		realized			impairment
	gains		losses			losses		gains		losses			Net losses			gains		losses			losses		Net gains
Equity securities	$	86	$	—		$	—	$	156	$	(402	)	$	(160	)	$	725	$	—		$	—	$	725
Debt securities available-for-sale		21		(22	)		—		—		—			(1	)		78		(54	)		—		24
Total	$	107	$	(22	)	$	—	$	156	$	(402	)	$	(161	)	$	803	$	(54	)	$	—	$	749

The taxes applicable to the net realized (losses)/gains for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were a credit of $25,000 and an expense of $254,000, respectively.

QNB recognizes OTTI for debt securities classified as available-for-sale in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities, which requires that we assess whether we intend to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit losses. For debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that we do not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of our amortized cost basis, the amount of the impairment is separated into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is due to factors that are not credit related and, therefore, is not required to be recognized as a loss in the income statement, but is recognized in other comprehensive income. For equity securities, once a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the value of the equity security is reduced to fair value and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized. QNB believes that we will fully collect the carrying value of securities on which we have recorded a non-credit related impairment in other comprehensive income.

The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component recognized in earnings. The credit loss component of the amortized cost represents the difference between the present value of expected future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security prior to considering credit losses. The beginning balance represents the credit loss component for debt securities for which OTTI occurred prior to the beginning of the year. Credit-impaired debt securities must be presented in two components based upon whether the current period is the first time the debt security was credit-impaired (initial credit impairment) or is not the first time the debt security was credit-impaired (subsequent credit impairments). No credit impairments were recognized on debt securities during first quarter of 2018 or 2017. The table presents a summary of the cumulative credit-related other-than-temporary impairment charges recognized as components of earnings for debt securities still held by QNB:

The following table indicates the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


			Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	No. of		Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
March 31, 2018	securities		value		losses			value		losses			value		losses
U.S. Government agency		53	$	10,723	$	(262	)	$	59,049	$	(2,440	)	$	69,772	$	(2,702	)
State and municipal		103		37,796		(509	)		4,374		(120	)		42,170		(629	)
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed		104		61,600		(1,841	)		68,378		(2,874	)		129,978		(4,715	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		73		23,284		(640	)		49,933		(2,540	)		73,217		(3,180	)
Pooled trust preferred		1		—		—			115		(8	)		115		(8	)
Corporate debt		6		4,973		(71	)		971		(33	)		5,944		(104	)
Equity		22		5,359		(551	)		642		(186	)		6,001		(737	)
Total		362	$	143,735	$	(3,874	)	$	183,462	$	(8,201	)	$	327,197	$	(12,075	)


			Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	No. of		Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
December 31, 2017	securities		value		losses			value		losses			value		losses
U.S. Government agency		53	$	10,828	$	(155	)	$	59,696	$	(1,793	)	$	70,524	$	(1,948	)
State and municipal		37		10,577		(49	)		4,446		(64	)		15,023		(113	)
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed		99		61,069		(705	)		72,318		(1,696	)		133,387		(2,401	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		70		21,660		(349	)		52,833		(1,943	)		74,493		(2,292	)
Pooled trust preferred		1		—		—			215		(26	)		215		(26	)
Corporate debt		4		3,018		(20	)		988		(17	)		4,006		(37	)
Equity		11		2,727		(277	)		275		(72	)		3,002		(349	)
Total		275	$	109,879	$	(1,555	)	$	190,771	$	(5,611	)	$	300,650	$	(7,166	)

Management evaluates debt securities, which are comprised of U.S. Government agencies, state and municipalities, mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and corporate debt securities, for other-than-temporary impairment and considers the current economic conditions, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, interest rates and the bond rating of each security. The unrealized losses at March 31, 2018 in U.S. Government agency securities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and corporate debt securities are primarily the result of interest rate fluctuations. If held to maturity, these bonds will mature at par, and QNB will not realize a loss. The Company has the intent to hold the securities and does not believe it will be required to sell the securities before recovery occurs.

The Company’s investment in marketable equity securities primarily consists of investments in large cap stock companies. These equity securities are analyzed for impairment on an ongoing basis. Management believes these equity securities will recover in the foreseeable future. QNB evaluated the near-term prospects of the issuers in relation to the severity and duration of the impairment. Based on that evaluation and the Company’s ability and intent to hold those securities for a reasonable period of time sufficient for a forecasted recovery of fair value, the Company does not consider these equity securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

QNB holds one pooled trust preferred security as of March 31, 2018. This security has a total amortized cost of approximately $123,000 and a fair value of $115,000. The pooled trust preferred security is available-for-sale securities and is carried at fair value.

The following table provides additional information related to the pooled trust preferred security (PreTSL) as of March 31, 2018:

Mezzanine* - only class of bonds still outstanding (represents the senior-most obligation of the trust)

In June 2017, QNB Bank sold five non-performing pooled trust preferred securities, with $2,235,000 carrying value, recording a loss on sale of $15,000, included in non-interest income in the quarter ended June 30, 2017 consolidated statement of income. Several years ago, QNB had recorded $1,152,000 in OTTI for four of these five bonds, and subsequently applied any cashflow received to the balance of these non-performing, nonaccrual assets. Improvement in market prices for these securities during the second quarter 2017 reduced realized losses, and the reduction of approximately $19,000,000 in risk-based assets required for the bonds drove the decision to redeem these debt securities.

On a quarterly basis we evaluate our debt securities for OTTI, which involves the use of a third-party valuation firm to assist management with the valuation. When evaluating these investments, a credit-related portion and a non-credit related portion of impairment are determined. The credit-related portion is recognized in earnings and represents the expected shortfall in future cash flows. The non-credit related portion is recognized in other comprehensive income and represents the difference between the book value and the fair value of the security less any current quarter credit related impairment. For the first quarter of March 31, 2018 and 2017, no other-than-temporary impairment charges representing credit impairment were recognized on our pooled trust preferred collateralized debt obligations. A discounted cash flow analysis provides the best estimate of credit related OTTI for these securities. Additional information related to this analysis follows.

PreTSL IV is rated lower than AA and measured for OTTI within the scope of ASC 325 (formerly known as EITF 99-20), Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased Beneficial Interests and Beneficial Interests That Continue to be Held by a Transferor in Securitized Financial Assets, and Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20 (formerly known as EITF 99-20-1). In addition to discounted cash-flows, QNB considers trends in the financial performance ratios of the bond’s underlying issuers, as well as the bond’s structure (QNB holds the senior-most obligation of the trust for PreTSL IV), determining there is little likelihood of default. In determining whether a credit loss exists, QNB uses its best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security and discounts them at the effective yield implicit in the security at the date of acquisition or the prospective yield for those securities with prior OTTI charges. Lack of liquidity in the market for trust preferred collateralized debt obligations contributed to the temporary impairment of this security. Although classified as available-for-sale, the Company has the intent to hold PreTSL IV and does not believe it will be required to sell it before recovery occurs. QNB could be subject to additional write-downs in the future if additional deferrals and defaults occur.

Restricted investment in stock includes Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLB) with a carrying cost of $1,454,000, Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (ACBB) stock with a carrying cost of $12,000 and VISA Class B stock with a carrying cost of $0 at March 31, 2018. FHLB and ACBB stock was issued to the Bank as a requirement to facilitate the Bank’s participation in borrowing and other banking services. The Bank’s investment in FHLB stock may fluctuate, as it is based on the member banks’ use of FHLB’s services.

The Bank owns 6,502 shares of Visa Class B stock, which was necessary to participate in Visa services in support of the Bank’s credit card, debit card, and related payment programs (permissible activities under banking regulations) as a member institution. Following the resolution of Visa’s covered litigation, shares of Visa’s Class B stock will be converted to Visa Class A shares using a conversion factor (1.6483 as of March 31, 2018), which is periodically adjusted to reflect VISA’s ongoing litigation costs. There is a very limited market for this stock, as only current owners of Class B shares are permitted to transact in Class B. Due to the lack of orderly trades and public information of such trades, Visa Class B does not have a readily determinable fair value.

These restricted investments are carried at cost and evaluated for OTTI periodically. As of March 31, 2018, there was no OTTI associated with these shares.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination and commitment fees and related direct costs are deferred and amortized to income over the term of the respective loan and loan commitment period as a yield adjustment.

Loans held-for-sale consists of residential mortgage loans that are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance charged to income. Gains and losses on residential mortgages held-for-sale are included in non-interest income.

QNB maintains an allowance for loan losses, which is intended to absorb probable known and inherent losses in the outstanding loan portfolio. The allowance is reduced by actual credit losses and is increased by the provision for loan losses and recoveries of previous losses. The provisions for loan losses are charged to earnings to bring the total allowance for loan losses to a level considered necessary by management.

The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance is determined by assigning specific reserves to individually identified problem credits and general reserves to all other loans. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The portion of the allowance that is allocated to internally criticized and non-accrual loans is determined by estimating the inherent loss on each credit after giving consideration to the value of underlying collateral. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates. These loss rates are based on a three year history of charge-offs and are more heavily weighted for recent experience for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include:

Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation.

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

Management emphasizes loan quality and close monitoring of potential problem credits. Credit risk identification and review processes are utilized in order to assess and monitor the degree of risk in the loan portfolio. QNB’s lending and credit administration staff are charged with reviewing the loan portfolio and identifying changes in the economy or in a borrower’s circumstances which may affect the ability to repay debt or the value of pledged collateral. A loan classification and review system exists that identifies those loans with a higher than normal risk of uncollectibility. Each commercial loan is assigned a grade based upon an assessment of the borrower’s financial capacity to service the debt and the presence and value of collateral for the loan. An independent firm reviews risk assessment and evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management meets monthly to review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and quarterly to review the allowance for loan losses.

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review QNB’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require QNB to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments using information available to them at the time of their examination.

Management believes that it uses the best information available to make determinations about the adequacy of the allowance and that it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP. If circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making determinations, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be affected. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that increases to the allowance will not be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above.

Loans secured by commercial real estate include all loans collateralized at least in part by commercial real estate. These loans may not be for the expressed purpose of conducting commercial real estate transactions.

Overdrafts are reclassified as loans and are included in consumer loans above and total loans on the balance sheet. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, overdrafts were approximately $146,000 and $126,000, respectively.

QNB generally lends in its trade area which is comprised of Quakertown and the surrounding communities. To a large extent, QNB makes loans collateralized at least in part by real estate. Its lending activities could be affected by changes in the general economy, the regional economy, or real estate values. Other than disclosed in the table above, at March 31, 2018, there were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans.

The Company engages in a variety of lending activities, including commercial, residential real estate and consumer transactions. The Company focuses its lending activities on individuals, professionals and small to medium sized businesses. Risks associated with lending activities include economic conditions and changes in interest rates, which can adversely impact both the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and the value of the associated collateral.

Commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and residential real estate loans with a business purpose are generally perceived as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans with a personal purpose and consumer loans. These types of loans involve larger loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers and are more susceptible to a risk of loss during a downturn in the business cycle. These loans may involve greater risk because the availability of funds to repay these loans depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business. The assets financed are used within the business for its ongoing operation. Repayment of these kinds of loans generally comes from the cash flow of the business or the ongoing conversions of assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory, to cash. Typical collateral for commercial and industrial loans includes the borrower’s accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment. Commercial real estate and residential real estate loans secured for a business purpose are originated primarily within the eastern Pennsylvania market area at conservative loan-to-value ratios and often backed by the individual guarantees of the borrowers or owners. Repayment of this kind of loan is dependent

upon either the ongoing cash flow of the borrowing entity or the resale of or lease of the subject property. Commercial real estate loans may be affected to a greater extent than residential loans by adverse conditions in real estate markets or the economy because commercial real estate borrowers’ ability to repay their loans depends on successful development of their properties, as well as the factors affecting residential real estate borrowers.

Loans to state and political subdivisions are tax-exempt or taxable loans to municipalities, school districts and housing and industrial development authorities. These loans can be general obligations of the municipality or school district repaid through their taxing authority, revenue obligations repaid through the income generated by the operations of the authority, such as a water or sewer authority, or loans issued to a housing and industrial development agency, for which a private corporation is responsible for payments on the loans.

The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate real estate-residential mortgage loans for personal purposes that are secured by first liens on the underlying 1-4 family residential properties. Credit risk exposure in this area of lending is minimized by the evaluation of the credit worthiness of the borrower, including debt-to-income ratios, credit scores and adherence to underwriting policies that emphasize conservative loan-to-value ratios of generally no more than 80%. Residential mortgage loans granted in excess of the 80% loan-to-value ratio criterion are generally insured by private mortgage insurance.

The real estate-home equity portfolio consists of fixed-rate home equity loans and variable-rate home equity lines of credit. Risks associated with loans secured by residential properties are generally lower than commercial loans and include general economic risks, such as the strength of the job market, employment stability and the strength of the housing market. Since most loans are secured by a primary or secondary residence, the borrower’s continued employment is the greatest risk to repayment.

The Company offers a variety of loans to individuals for personal and household purposes. Consumer loans are generally considered to have greater risk than first or second mortgages on real estate because they may be unsecured, or, if they are secured, the value of the collateral may be difficult to assess and is more likely to decrease in value than real estate. Credit risk in this portfolio is controlled by conservative underwriting standards that consider debt-to-income levels and the creditworthiness of the borrower and, if secured, collateral values.

The Company employs a ten-grade risk rating system related to the credit quality of commercial loans, loans to state and political subdivisions and indirect lease financing of which the first four categories are pass categories (credits not adversely rated). The following is a description of the internal risk ratings and the likelihood of loss related to each risk rating.

The Company maintains a loan review system, which allows for a periodic review of our loan portfolio and the early identification of potential problem loans. Each loan officer assigns a rating to all loans in the portfolio at the time the loan is originated. Loans with risk ratings of one through five are reviewed annually based on the borrower’s fiscal year. Loans with risk ratings of six are reviewed every six to twelve months based on the dollar amount of the relationship with the borrower. Loans with risk ratings of seven through ten are reviewed at least quarterly, and as often as monthly, at management’s discretion. The Company also utilizes an outside loan review firm to review the portfolio on a semi-annual basis to provide the Board of Directors and senior management an independent review of the Bank’s loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. These reviews are designed to recognize deteriorating credits in their earliest stages in an effort to reduce and control risk in the lending function as well as identifying potential shifts in the quality of the loan

portfolio. The examinations by the outside loan review firm include the review of lending activities with respect to underwriting and processing new loans, monitoring the risk of existing loans and to provide timely follow-up and corrective action for loans showing signs of deterioration in quality. In addition, the outside firm reviews the methodology for the allowance for loan losses to determine compliance to policy and regulatory guidance.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

For retail loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the performance of the individual credits. The following tables present the recorded investment in the retail classes of the loan portfolio based on payment activity as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

March 31, 2018	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due loans		Current		Total loans receivable
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	454	$	—	$	54	$	508	$	156,868	$	157,376
Construction		—		—		—		—		50,664		50,664
Secured by commercial real estate		3,301		—		707		4,008		285,777		289,785
Secured by residential real estate		478		—		205		683		73,069		73,752
State and political subdivisions		—		—		—		—		40,281		40,281
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		799		151		500		1,450		57,845		59,295
Home equity loans and lines		320		—		159		479		71,566		72,045
Consumer		58		10		5		73		6,709		6,782
Total	$	5,410	$	161	$	1,630	$	7,201	$	742,779	$	749,980

December 31, 2017	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due loans		Current		Total loans receivable
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	25	$	429	$	57	$	511	$	146,679	$	147,190
Construction		—		—		—		—		51,157		51,157
Secured by commercial real estate		899		—		730		1,629		285,238		286,867
Secured by residential real estate		24		—		210		234		71,469		71,703
State and political subdivisions		—		—		—		—		38,087		38,087
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		744		152		504		1,400		54,418		55,818
Home equity loans and lines		251		44		119		414		75,162		75,576
Consumer		23		8		—		31		6,649		6,680
Total	$	1,966	$	633	$	1,620	$	4,219	$	728,859	$	733,078

The following tables disclose the recorded investment in loans receivable that are either on non-accrual status or past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Three months ended March 31, 2018	Balance, beginning of period		Provision for (credit to) loan losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance, end of period
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,711	$	103		$	—		$	15	$	2,829
Construction		563		(6	)		—			—		557
Secured by commercial real estate		2,410		20			—			1		2,431
Secured by residential real estate		816		17			—			2		835
State and political subdivisions		114		7			—			—		121
Retail:												—
1-4 family residential mortgages		444		68			—			—		512
Home equity loans and lines		357		20			—			4		381
Consumer		57		18			(26	)		12		61
Unallocated		369		(59	)	N/A			N/A			310
Total	$	7,841	$	188		$	(26	)	$	34	$	8,037

Three months ended March 31, 2017	Balance, beginning of period		Provision for (credit to) loan losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance, end of period
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,459	$	507		$	—		$	12	$	1,978
Construction		449		14			—			—		463
Secured by commercial real estate		2,646		(71	)		—			2		2,577
Secured by residential real estate		1,760		(436	)		(3	)		23		1,344
State and political subdivisions		123		1			—			—		124
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		366		49			—			—		415
Home equity loans and lines		353		(14	)		—			3		342
Consumer		76		13			(21	)		9		77
Unallocated		162		237		N/A			N/A			399
Total	$	7,394	$	300		$	(24	)	$	49	$	7,719

As previously discussed, the Company maintains a loan review system, which includes a continuous review of the loan portfolio by internal and external parties to aid in the early identification of potential impaired loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when

due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial loans, loans to state and political subdivisions and indirect lease financing loans by using either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring.

An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair values of the majority of the Company’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral.

For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable agings or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets.

From time to time, QNB may extend, restructure, or otherwise modify the terms of existing loans, on a case-by-case basis, to remain competitive and retain certain customers, as well as assist other customers that may be experiencing financial difficulties. A loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loan when the Company grants a concession to the borrower because of the borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider. Such concessions include the reduction of interest rates, forgiveness of principal or interest, or other modifications of interest rates to less than the current market rate for new obligations with similar risk. Loans classified as TDRs are considered non-performing and are also designated as impaired.

The concessions made for TDRs involve lowering the monthly payments on loans through periods of interest only payments, a reduction in interest rate below a market rate or an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these three methods. The restructurings rarely result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. TDR loans that are in compliance with their modified terms and that yield a market rate may be removed from the TDR status after a period of performance.

Performing TDRs (not reported as non-accrual or past due 90 days or more and still accruing) totaled $1,274,000 and $1,321,000 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Non-performing TDRs totaled $2,530,000 and $2,994,000 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. All TDRs are included in impaired loans.

The following table illustrates the specific reserve for loan losses allocated to loans modified as TDRs. These specific reserves are included in the allowance for loan losses for loans individually evaluated for impairment.

There was one newly identified TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The TDR concession involved extension of a maturity date and lower monthly payments. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, QNB had no commitments to lend additional funds to customers with loans whose terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. There were net charge-offs of $0 and $3,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, resulting from loans previously modified as TDRs.

The following tables present loans, by loan class, modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investments disclosed in the tables below, represent carrying amounts immediately prior to the modification and as of the period end indicated.

There were no loans modified as TDRs within 12 months prior to March 31, 2018 and 2017 for which there was a payment default (60 days or more past due) during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The Company has six consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate for which foreclosure proceedings are in process at March 31, 2018. The recorded investment is $658,000.

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment method by class of loans receivable along with the balance of loans receivable by class, excluding unearned fees and costs, disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology:

	Allowance for Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
March 31, 2018	Balance		Balance related to loans individually evaluated for impairment		Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Balance		Balance individually evaluated for impairment		Balance collectively evaluated for impairment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,829	$	1,249	$	1,580	$	157,376	$	6,905	$	150,471
Construction		557		—		557		50,664		—		50,664
Secured by commercial real estate		2,431		—		2,431		289,785		3,897		285,888
Secured by residential real estate		835		81		754		73,752		1,796		71,956
State and political subdivisions		121		—		121		40,281		—		40,281
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		512		18		494		59,295		1,205		58,090
Home equity loans and lines		381		84		297		72,045		200		71,845
Consumer		61		—		61		6,782		83		6,699
Unallocated		310	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	8,037	$	1,432	$	6,295	$	749,980	$	14,086	$	735,894

	Allowance for Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
December 31, 2017	Balance		Balance related to loans individually evaluated for impairment		Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Balance		Balance individually evaluated for impairment		Balance collectively evaluated for impairment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,711	$	1,260	$	1,451	$	147,190	$	6,498	$	140,692
Construction		563		—		563		51,157		1		51,156
Secured by commercial real estate		2,410		—		2,410		286,867		3,874		282,993
Secured by residential real estate		816		84		732		71,703		1,744		69,959
State and political subdivisions		114		—		114		38,087		—		38,087
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		444		8		436		55,818		1,218		54,600
Home equity loans and lines		357		40		317		75,576		164		75,412
Consumer		57		—		57		6,680		85		6,595
Unallocated		369	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	7,841	$	1,392	$	6,080	$	733,078	$	13,584	$	719,494

The following table summarize additional information, in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	March 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Recorded investment (after charge-offs)		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Recorded investment (after charge-offs)		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance
With no specific allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	5,142	$	5,370			$	5,070	$	5,461
Construction		—		—				1		1
Secured by commercial real estate		3,897		4,427				3,874		4,464
Secured by residential real estate		1,610		1,972				914		1,239
State and political subdivisions		—		—				—		—
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		1,044		1,102				1,057		1,108
Home equity loans and lines		116		162				124		168
Consumer		83		88				85		90
Total	$	11,892	$	13,121			$	11,125	$	12,531

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,763	$	2,975	$	1,249	$	1,428	$	2,593	$	1,260
Construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Secured by commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Secured by residential real estate		186		213		81		830		879		84
State and political subdivisions		—		—		—		—		—		—
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		161		163		18		161		163		8
Home equity loans and lines		84		85		84		40		41		40
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,194	$	3,436	$	1,432	$	2,459	$	3,676	$	1,392

Total:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	6,905	$	8,345	$	1,249	$	6,498	$	8,054	$	1,260
Construction		—		—		—		1		1		—
Secured by commercial real estate		3,897		4,427		—		3,874		4,464		—
Secured by residential real estate		1,796		2,185		81		1,744		2,118		84
State and political subdivisions		—		—		—		—		—		—
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		1,205		1,265		18		1,218		1,271		8
Home equity loans and lines		200		247		84		164		209		40
Consumer		83		88		—		85		90		—
Total	$	14,086	$	16,557	$	1,432	$	13,584	$	16,207	$	1,392

The following table presents additional information regarding the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (fair values are not adjusted for transaction costs). ASC 820 also establishes a framework (fair value hierarchy) for measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The measurement of fair value should be consistent with one of the following valuation techniques: market approach, income approach, and/or cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including a business). For example, valuation techniques consistent with the market approach often use market multiples derived from a set of comparables. Multiples might lie in ranges with a different multiple for each comparable. The selection of where within the range the appropriate multiple falls requires judgment, considering factors specific to the measurement (qualitative and quantitative). Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach include matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the security’s relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.

The following table sets forth QNB’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis and the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2018:

	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable input (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at end of period
Recurring fair value measurements
Equity securities	$	9,527	$	—	$	—	$	9,527
Debt securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency securities		—		69,772		—		69,772
State and municipal securities		—		71,333		—		71,333
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed securities		—		133,567		—		133,567
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		—		74,783		—		74,783
Pooled trust preferred securities		—		—	$	115		115
Corporate debt securities		—		7,949		—		7,949
Total debt securities available-for-sale		—		357,404		115		357,519
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	9,527	$	357,404	$	115	$	367,046

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	762	$	762
Mortgage servicing rights		—		—		7		7
Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	769	$	769

There were no transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the three months ended March 31, 2018. There were also no transfers in or out of level 3 for the same period. There were no losses included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to the available-for-sale securities above with fair value measurements utilizing significant unobservable inputs for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

The following table sets forth QNB’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2017:

December 31, 2017	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable input (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at end of period
Recurring fair value measurements
Equity securities	$	4,975	$	—	$	—	$	4,975
Debt securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency securities		—		70,524		—		70,524
State and municipal securities		—		76,804		—		76,804
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed securities		—		142,703		—		142,703
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		—		76,302		—		76,302
Pooled trust preferred securities		—		—		215		215
Corporate debt securities		—		8,022		—		8,022
Total debt securities available-for-sale		—		374,355		215		374,570
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	4,975	$	374,355	$	215	$	379,545

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	1,067	$	1,067
Mortgage servicing rights		—		—		34		34
Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	1,101	$	1,101

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which QNB has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

The following table presents additional information about the securities available-for-sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which QNB utilized significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) to determine fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

The Level 3 securities consist of one collateralized debt obligation security, PreTSL security, which is backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, and insurance companies. As discussed in Note 6, the market for these securities at March 31, 2018 was not active and markets for similar securities also are not active. The inactivity was evidenced first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which the PreTSLs trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive and there are currently very few market participants who are willing and or able to transact for these securities.

Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, we determined:

The Bank used an independent third party to value this security using a discounted cash flow analysis. Based on management’s review of the bond’s five underlying issuers, there are no expected credit losses or prepayments; cashflows used were contractual based on the Bloomberg YA screen. The assumed cashflows have been discounted using and estimated market discount rate based on the 30-year swap rate. The 30-year is used as the reference rate since it is indicative of market expectation for short-term rates in the future. This is consistent with the 30-year nature of PreTSL securities, which are priced using the 3-month LIBOR as a reference rate. The discount rate of 5.87% includes the risk-free rate, a credit component and a spread for illiquidity.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of QNB’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between QNB’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of each major classification of financial instrument and non-financial asset at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable (carried at cost): The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate those assets’ fair value.

Investment securities - available for sale (carried at fair value): The fair value of securities are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. Level 2 debt securities are valued by a third-party pricing service commonly used in the banking industry. Level 2 fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution date, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. For certain securities which are not traded in active markets or are subject to transfer restrictions, valuations are adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, and such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence (Level 3). In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used. Management’s best estimate consists of both internal and external support on certain Level 3 investments. Cash flow models using a present value formula that includes assumptions market participants would use along with indicative exit pricing obtained from broker/dealers (where available) were used to support fair values of certain Level 3 investments.

Restricted investment in stocks (carried at cost): The fair value of stock in Atlantic Community Bankers Bank, the Federal Home Loan Bank and VISA Class B is the carrying amount, based on redemption provisions, and considers the limited marketability of and restrictions on such securities.

Loans Held-for-Sale (carried at lower of cost or fair value): The fair value of loans held for sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary market prices. If no such quoted prices exist, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar loan or loans, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan.

Loans Receivable (carried at cost): The fair values of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the liquidity, credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.

Impaired Loans (generally carried at fair value): Impaired loans are loans, in which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Mortgage Servicing Rights (carried at lower of cost or fair value): The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The mortgage servicing rights are stratified into tranches based on predominant characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. The valuation incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income.

Deposit liabilities (carried at cost): The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity (e.g. demand deposits, interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts) are by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e. their carrying amounts). This approach to estimating fair value excludes the significant benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by such deposit liabilities, as compared to alternative sources of funding. Deposits with a stated maturity (time deposits) have been valued using the present value of cash flows discounted at rates approximating the current market for similar deposits.

Short-term borrowings (carried at cost): The carrying amount of short-term borrowings approximates their fair values.

Off-balance-sheet instruments (disclosed at cost): The fair values for the Bank’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and letters of credit) are based on fees currently charged in the market to enter into similar agreements, taking into account, the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of the respective period ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period end.

The estimated fair values and carrying amounts of the Company’s financial and off-balance sheet instruments are summarized as follows:

					Fair value measurements
March 31, 2018	Carrying amount		Fair value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,870	$	29,870	$	29,870	$	—	$	—
Investment securities:
Equities		9,527		9,527		9,527		—		—
Available-for-sale		357,519		357,519		—		357,404		115
Restricted investment in stocks		1,466		1,466		—		1,466		—
Loans held-for-sale		272		278		—		278		—
Net loans		742,150		731,258		—		—		731,258
Mortgage servicing rights		474		600		—		—		600
Accrued interest receivable		3,697		3,697		—		3,697		—

Financial liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	774,118	$	774,118	$	774,118	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturities		232,251		228,647		—		228,647		—
Short-term borrowings		64,879		64,879		64,879		—		—
Accrued interest payable		415		415		—		415		—

Off-balance sheet instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Standby letters of credit		—		—		—		70		—

					Fair value measurements
December 31, 2017	Carrying amount		Fair value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,331	$	16,331	$	16,331	$	—	$	—
Investment securities:
Equities		4,975		4,975		4,975		—		—
Available-for-sale		374,570		374,570		—		374,355		215
Restricted investment in stocks		1,501		1,501		—		1,501		—
Loans held-for-sale		—		—		—		—		—
Net loans		725,442		727,341		—		—		727,341
Mortgage servicing rights		483		585		—		—		585
Accrued interest receivable		3,545		3,545		—		3,545		—

Financial liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	768,766	$	768,766	$	768,766	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturities		225,182		223,325		—		223,325		—
Short-term borrowings		55,756		55,756		55,756		—		—
Accrued interest payable		384		384		—		384		—

Off-balance sheet instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Standby letters of credit		—		—		—		—		—

In the normal course of business there are various legal proceedings, commitments, and contingent liabilities which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions and activities. They include, among other things, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The maximum exposure to credit loss, which represents the possibility of sustaining a loss due to the failure of the other parties to a financial instrument to perform according to the terms of the contract, is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. QNB uses the same lending standards and policies in making credit commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The activity is controlled through credit approvals, control limits, and monitoring procedures.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. QNB evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the financial or performance obligation of a customer to a third party. QNB’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in

making conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Standby letters of credit of $13,997,000 will expire within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending other loan commitments. The Bank requires collateral and personal guarantees supporting these letters of credit as deemed necessary. Management believes that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of such collateral and the enforcement of personal guarantees would be sufficient to cover the maximum potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The amount of the liability as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued is not material.

The amount of collateral obtained for letters of credit and commitments to extend credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral varies, but may include real estate, accounts receivable, marketable securities, pledged deposits, inventory or equipment.

Dividends payable by the Company and the Bank are subject to various limitations imposed by statutes, regulations and policies adopted by bank regulatory agencies. Under Federal and Pennsylvania banking law, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may declare without prior regulatory approval. Under Federal Reserve regulations, the Bank is limited as to the amount it may lend affiliates, including QNB Corp., unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations.

Both the Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate actions by regulators that could have an effect on the financial statements. Under the framework for prompt corrective action, both the Company and the Bank must meet capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items.

The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators. Management believes, as of March 31, 2018, that the Company and the Bank met capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of the most recent notification, the primary regulator of the Bank considered it to be “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the classification. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum ratios as set forth in the following table below.

The Company and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented as follows:

	Capital levels
	Actual					Adequately capitalized					Well capitalized
As of March 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	113,230		12.62	%	$	71,801		8.00	%	$	89,751		10.00	%
Bank		103,948		11.96			69,513	8.00				86,892	10.00

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated		105,120		11.71			53,850	6.00				53,850	6.00
Bank		95,838		11.03			52,135	6.00				69,513	8.00

Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated		105,120		11.71			40,388	4.50			N/A		N/A
Bank		95,838		11.03			39,101	4.50				56,480	6.50

Tier I capital (to average assets):
Consolidated		105,120		9.03			46,575	4.00			N/A		N/A
Bank		95,838		8.30			46,183	4.00				57,729	5.00

	Capital levels
	Actual					Adequately capitalized					Well capitalized
As of December 31, 2017	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	110,352		12.52	%	$	70,520		8.00	%	$	88,150		10.00	%
Bank		101,040		11.67			69,277	8.00				86,596	10.00

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated		102,438		11.62			52,890	6.00				52,890	6.00
Bank		93,126		10.75			51,957	6.00				69,277	8.00

Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Consolidated		102,438		11.62			39,668	4.50			N/A		N/A
Bank		93,126		10.75			38,968	4.50				56,287	6.50

Tier I capital (to average assets):
Consolidated		102,438		8.88			46,149	4.00			N/A		N/A
Bank		93,126		8.14			45,761	4.00				57,201	5.00

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

QNB Corp. is a bank holding company headquartered in Quakertown, Pennsylvania. QNB Corp., through its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, has been serving the residents and businesses of upper Bucks, northern Montgomery and southern Lehigh counties in Pennsylvania since 1877. Due to its limited geographic area, growth is pursued through expansion of existing customer relationships and building new relationships by stressing a consistent high level of service at all points of contact. The Bank is a locally managed community bank that provides a full range of commercial and retail banking and retail brokerage services.

Tabular information presented throughout management’s discussion and analysis, other than share and per share data, is presented in thousands of dollars.

In addition to historical information, this document contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project” and variations of such words and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or similar expressions. The U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor in regard to the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this document and documents incorporated by reference.

Shareholders should note that many factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this document and in the documents that are incorporated by reference, and including the risk factors identified in Item 1A of QNB’s 2017 Form 10-K, could affect the future financial results of the Company and its subsidiary and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this document. These factors include, but are not limited, to the following:

QNB cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, all of which change over time, and QNB assumes no duty to update forward-looking statements. Management cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this report on Form 10-Q, even if subsequently made available by QNB on its website or otherwise, and they advise readers that various factors, including those described above, could affect QNB’s financial performance and could cause actual results or circumstances for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected. Except as required by law, QNB does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on the consolidated financial statements of QNB, which are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and predominant practices within the banking industry. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires QNB to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. QNB evaluates estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the determination of the valuation of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, other-than-temporary impairments on investment securities, the valuation of deferred tax assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. QNB bases its estimates on historical experience and various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Securities are evaluated periodically to determine whether a decline in their value is other-than-temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other-than-temporary. The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. For equity securities, once a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the value of the equity security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized. There were no other-than-temporary impairment charges recorded during the first quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company follows accounting guidance related to the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairment that specifies (a) if a company does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired unless there is a credit loss. When an entity does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not the entity will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. There were no credit-related other-than-temporary impairment charges in the first quarters ended March 31, 2018 or 2017, respectively.

The determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a higher degree of judgment and complexity than the Company’s other significant accounting policies. The allowance for loan losses is calculated with the objective of maintaining a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb probable known and inherent losses in the outstanding loan portfolio. The allowance is reduced by actual credit losses and is increased by the provision for loan losses and recoveries of previous losses. The provisions for loan losses are charged to earnings to bring the total allowance for loan losses to a level considered necessary by management.

The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s continual review and evaluation of the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance is determined by assigning specific reserves to individually identified problem credits and general reserves to all other loans. The portion of the allowance that is allocated to impaired loans is determined by estimating the inherent loss on each credit after giving consideration to the value of underlying collateral or present value of future estimated cash flows. The general reserves are based on the composition and risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, including the nature of the loan portfolio, credit concentration trends, delinquency and loss experience, as well as other qualitative factors such as current economic trends.

Management emphasizes loan quality and close monitoring of potential problem credits. Credit risk identification and review processes are utilized to assess and monitor the degree of risk in the loan portfolio. QNB’s lending and credit administration staff are charged with reviewing the loan portfolio and identifying changes in the economy or in a borrower’s circumstances which may affect the ability to repay debt or the value of pledged collateral. A loan classification and review system exists that identifies those loans with a higher than normal risk of collection. Each commercial loan is assigned a grade based upon an assessment of the borrower’s financial capacity to service the debt and the presence and value of collateral for the loan. An independent loan review group tests risk assessments and evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management meets monthly to review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and quarterly to review the allowance for loan losses.

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review QNB’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require QNB to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Management believes that it uses the best information available to make determinations about the adequacy of the allowance and that it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP. If circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making determinations, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be affected. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, increases to the allowance may be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above.

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held-for-sale and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

QNB sponsors stock-based compensation plans, administered by a Board committee, under which both qualified and non-qualified stock options may be granted periodically to certain employees. QNB accounts for all awards granted under stock-based compensation plans in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Compensation cost has been measured using the fair value of an award on the grant date and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. The fair value of each option is amortized into compensation expense on a straight-line basis between the grant date for the option and each vesting date. QNB estimates the fair value of stock options on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires the use of numerous assumptions, many of which are highly subjective in nature.

QNB accounts for income taxes under the asset/liability method in accordance with income tax accounting guidance, ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, in the judgment of management, it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not become available. Because the judgment about the level of future taxable income is dependent on matters that may, at least in part, be beyond QNB’s control, it is at least reasonably possible that management’s judgment about the need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets could change in the near term.

QNB reported net income for the first quarter of 2018 of $2,935,000, or $0.85 per share on a diluted basis, compared to net income of $2,860,000, or $0.83 per share on a diluted basis, for the same period in 2017.

Net income expressed as an annualized rate of return on average assets and average shareholders’ equity was 1.02% and 11.35%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 compared with 1.08% and 11.76%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

Total assets as of March 31, 2018 were $1,172,168,000, compared with $1,152,337,000 at December 31, 2017. Loans receivable at March 31, 2018 were $750,187,000, compared with $733,283,000 at December 31, 2017, an increase of $16,904,000, or 2.3%, with commercial lending as the largest contributor to the growth. Total deposits of $1,006,369,000 at March 31, 2018 increased $12,421,000, or 1.2%, compared with total deposits of $933,948,000 at December 31, 2017.

Results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 include the following significant components:

These items, as well as others, will be explained more thoroughly in the next sections.

QNB Corp. earns its net income primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank. Net interest income, or the spread between the interest, dividends and fees earned on loans and investment securities and the expense incurred on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities, is the primary source of operating income for QNB. Management seeks to achieve sustainable and consistent earnings growth while maintaining adequate levels of capital and liquidity and limiting its exposure to credit and interest rate risk levels approved by the Board of Directors.

The following table presents the adjustment to convert net interest income to net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Net interest income is the primary source of operating income for QNB. Net interest income is interest income, dividends, and fees on earning assets, less interest expense incurred for funding sources. Earning assets primarily include loans, investment securities, interest bearing balances at the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) and Federal funds sold. Sources used to fund these assets include deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest income is affected by changes in interest rates, the volume and mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the amount of earning assets funded by non-interest bearing deposits.

For purposes of this discussion, interest income and the average yield earned on loans and investment securities are adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis as detailed in the tables that appear above. This adjustment to interest income is made for analysis purposes only. Interest income is increased by the amount of savings of Federal income taxes, which QNB realizes by investing in certain tax-exempt state and municipal securities and by making loans to certain tax-exempt organizations. In this way, the ultimate economic impact of earnings from various assets can be more easily compared.

The net interest rate spread is the difference between average rates received on earning assets and average rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, while the net interest rate margin, which includes interest-free sources of funds, is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The Asset/Liability and Investment Management Committee works to manage and maximize the net interest margin for the Company.

Average Balances, Rate, and Interest Income and Expense Summary (Tax-Equivalent Basis)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018								March 31, 2017
	Average			Average					Average			Average
	Balance			Rate			Interest		Balance			Rate			Interest
Assets
Trading securities	$	—			0.00	%	$	—	$	2,806			6.32	%	$	44
Investment securities (AFS & Equity):
U.S. Government agencies		72,473			1.79			325		76,090			1.75			333
State and municipal		74,744			3.27			612		72,006			3.91			704
Mortgage-backed and CMOs		219,472			2.10			1,150		223,965			2.05			1,148
Pooled trust preferred securities		235			3.82			2		2,907			0.27			2
Corporate debt securities		8,051			2.23			45		8,069			1.90			38
Equities		8,342			2.97			61		6,838			3.37			57
Total investment securities		383,317			2.29			2,195		389,875			2.34			2,282
Loans:
Commercial real estate		420,911			4.69			4,864		375,188			4.73			4,380
Residential real estate		57,065			3.87			552		47,536			3.85			458
Home equity loans		66,208			4.25			694		66,389			3.85			630
Commercial and industrial		154,626			5.18			1,974		113,010			4.66			1,299
Consumer loans		6,914			5.82			99		6,258			5.11			79
Tax-exempt loans		38,435			3.26			309		35,309			3.94			343
Total loans, net of unearned income*		744,159			4.63			8,492		643,690			4.53			7,189
Other earning assets		5,570			1.67			23		6,045			0.52			8
Total earning assets		1,133,046			3.83			10,710		1,042,416			3.71			9,523
Cash and due from banks		11,314								12,098
Allowance for loan losses		(8,068	)							(7,443	)
Other assets		28,098								28,833
Total assets	$	1,164,390							$	1,075,904

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand	$	180,077			0.21	%		95	$	161,928			0.20	%		80
Municipals		102,569			1.10			279		87,312			0.43			94
Money market		81,995			0.28			58		77,990			0.27			52
Savings		259,144			0.52			330		241,042			0.44			259
Time		123,904			1.24			378		130,699			1.14			368
Time of $100,000 or more		107,770			1.50			399		95,522			1.37			323
Total interest-bearing deposits		855,459			0.73			1,539		794,493			0.60			1,176
Short-term borrowings		71,453			1.02			179		60,560			0.54			80
Total interest-bearing liabilities		926,912			0.75			1,718		855,053			0.60			1,256
Non-interest-bearing deposits		128,188								117,861
Other liabilities		4,458								4,361
Shareholders' equity		104,832								98,629
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,164,390							$	1,075,904
Net interest rate spread					3.08	%							3.11	%
Margin/net interest income					3.22	%	$	8,992					3.22	%	$	8,267

Tax-exempt securities and loans were adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis and are based on the marginal Federal corporate tax rate of 21 percent and 34 percent for three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table shows the fully taxable equivalent effect of changes in volumes and rates on interest income and interest expense. Changes in net interest income that could not be specifically identified as either a rate or volume change were allocated to changes in volume.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2018 compared
	to March 31, 2017
	Total			Due to change in:
	Change			Volume			Rate
Interest income:
Trading securities	$	(44	)	$	(44	)	$	—
Investment securities (AFS & Equity):
U.S. Government agencies		(8	)		(16	)		8
State and municipal		(92	)		27			(119	)
Mortgage-backed and CMOs		2			(23	)		25
Pooled trust preferred securities		—			(2	)		2
Corporate debt securities		7			—			7
Equities		4			12			(8	)
Total Investment securities (AFS & Equity)		(87	)		(2	)		(85	)
Loans:
Commercial real estate		484			534			(50	)
Residential real estate		94			91			3
Home equity loans		64			(1	)		65
Commercial and industrial		675			478			197
Consumer loans		20			8			12
Tax-exempt loans		(34	)		31			(65	)
Total Loans		1,303			1,141			162
Other earning assets		15			(1	)		16
Total interest income		1,187			1,094			93
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand		15			9			6
Municipals		185			16			169
Money market		6			3			3
Savings		71			19			52
Time		10			(20	)		30
Time of $100,000 or more		76			42			34
Total interest-bearing deposits		363			69			294
Short-term borrowings		99			15			84
Total interest expense		462			84			378
Net interest income	$	725		$	1,010		$	(285	)

Average earning assets for the first quarter of 2018 were $1,133,046,000, an increase of $90,630,000, or 8.7% from the first quarter of 2017, with average loans increasing $100,469,000, or 15.6%, and average investment securities decreasing $6,558,000, or 1.7%, over the same period. Growth in the loan portfolio mitigates the impact of the low rate environment on net interest income and the net interest margin as loans generally earn a higher yield than investment securities. Average loans as a percent of average earning assets were 65.7% for the first quarter of 2018, compared with 61.7% for the first quarter of 2017. On the funding side, average deposits increased $71,293,000, or 7.8%, to $983,647,000 for the first quarter of 2018 with growth in all categories except time deposits less than $100,000. Customers continue to reinvest funds into non-time deposits, as the yield in time deposits remains low and customers prefer to keep their funds liquid to capitalize on rising rates. Average borrowed funds for the first quarter of 2018 increased $10,893,000, to $71,453,000, which consisted of average commercial repurchase agreements of $38,224,000 and average overnight borrowings of $33,229,000. For the same period in 2017, borrowings consisted of average commercial repurchase agreements of $40,043,000 and average overnight borrowings of $20,517,000.

The net interest margin for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 was 3.22%. The first quarter 2017 margin included $416,000 of interest collected at payoff on a non-accrual loan. Without the additional interest recognized, the net interest margin would have been 3.05% compared with 3.22% for the first quarter of 2018, an increase of 17 basis points. Competition for quality loans in our local market continues to negatively impact rates and compressed the net interest margin.

The Rate-Volume Analysis tables, as presented on a tax-equivalent basis, highlight the impact of changing rates and volumes on interest income and interest expense. Total interest income on a tax-equivalent basis increased $1,187,000, or 12.5%, to $10,710,000 for the first quarter of 2018; total interest expense increased $462,000, or 36.8%, to $1,718,000. Growth in earning assets contributed to the increase in interest income. All categories of interest-bearing deposits experienced higher rates in the first quarter of 2018 compared to first quarter of 2017, due to rate increases for municipal deposits indexed to Fed Funds, and a 15-basis point rate increase to the eSavings and Rewards checking products since March 31, 2017.

The yield on earning assets on a tax-equivalent basis increased 12 basis points from 3.71% for the first quarter of 2017, to 3.83% for the first quarter of 2018. Excluding the additional interest income referenced above, the yield on earning assets for the first quarter of 2017 was 3.55% and the first quarter 2018 increase excluding this interest income was 28 basis points. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities was 0.75% for the first quarter ended March 31, 2018, compared with 0.60% for the same period in 2017.

Interest income on investment securities (trading, available-for-sale and equity) decreased $131,000 when comparing the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The average yield on the investment portfolio was 2.29% for the first quarter of 2018 compared with 2.37% for the first quarter of 2017. Proceeds from sales, payments, calls and maturities, net of purchases, were utilized to grow the loan portfolio at higher yields than the investment portfolio.

Income on U.S. Government agency securities decreased $8,000, as the $3,617,000, or 4.8%, decrease in average balances contributed to a decrease in interest income of $16,000. This was offset by an $8,000 increase in interest income due to a four-basis point increase in the yield from 1.75% for the first quarter of 2017 to 1.79% for the same period in 2018.

Tax-exempt municipal securities experienced a decrease in yield due to the 2017 Tax Reform Act of approximately 65 basis points and is the primary contributing factor to the $92,000 decline in interest income. An increase in average balances of $2,738,000, partially offset the 64-basis point decrease in yield. QNB had purchased many municipal securities when rates were significantly higher. Many of these bonds have either reached maturity or their call dates and are being replaced with municipal bonds with lower yields. Typically, QNB purchases municipal bonds with 10-15 year maturities with call dates between 2-5 years. The yield on this portfolio is expected to continue to decline as additional higher yielding municipal bonds are expected to be called or mature during 2018. The current yield on replacement bonds is well below the yield of the bonds being called or maturing.

Interest income on mortgage-backed securities and CMOs increased $2,000 with a five-basis point increase in average yield which more than offset the $4,493,000 decrease in average balances. This portfolio generally provides higher yields relative to agency bonds and also provides monthly cash flow which can be used for liquidity purposes or can be reinvested when interest rates eventually increase. Mortgage refinancing activity over the past three years was significant resulting in an increase in prepayments on these securities. Since most of these securities were purchased at a premium, prepayments result in a shorter amortization period of this premium and therefore a reduction in income.

Income on loans increased $1,303,000 to $8,492,000 when comparing the first quarters of 2018 and 2017, with a 15.6% growth in average balances contributing an increase in interest income of $1,141,000. While the yield on loans, at 4.63%, was ten basis points higher than the first quarter of 2017, excluding the additional interest income referenced above, yield on loans for the first quarter of 2017 was 4.27% and the yield for 2018 was 36 basis points higher. Despite increases in the prime rate in March, June and December of 2017, competitive pressures result in new loans being originated at lower rates. Mitigating competitive pricing, variable rate loans have repriced higher.

The largest category of the loan portfolio is commercial real estate loans. This category of loans includes commercial purpose loans secured by either commercial properties such as office buildings, factories, warehouses, medical facilities and retail establishments, or residential real estate, usually the residence of the business owner. The category also includes construction and land development loans. Income on commercial real estate loans increased $484,000 primarily due to the 12.2% increase in average balances. Average balances increased $45,723,000, to $420,911,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 compared with the same quarter in 2017. The yield on commercial real estate loans decreased four basis points from 4.73% in 2017 to 4.69% in 2018. The positive impact of the 2017 non-accrual loan payoff in this category was approximately $342,000, or 27 basis points; without this impact, the yield increased 23 basis points in 2018.

Income on commercial and industrial loans increased $675,000. Average balances increased $41,616,000, or 36.8%, to $154,626,000 for the first quarter of 2018 resulting in a $478,000 increase in income. The average yield on these loans increased 52 basis points to 5.18% resulting in an increase in income of $197,000. The positive impact of the 2017 nonaccrual loan payoff in this category was approximately $74,000, or 26 basis points; without this impact, the yield increased 78 basis points. Many of the loans in this category are indexed to the prime interest rate, which increased by 75 basis points since mid-March 2017.

Tax-exempt loan income was $309,000 for the first quarter of 2018, a decrease of $34,000 from the same period in 2017. As with municipal marketable securities, there was a decrease in yield due to the 2017 Tax Reform Act of approximately 65 basis points. The yield on municipal loans decreased 68 basis points, to 3.26% for the first quarter of 2018, compared with the same period in 2017, resulting in decrease of $65,000 in interest income. This was partially offset by an increase in average balances of $3,126,000, or 8.9%, to $38,435,000 for the first quarter of 2018, resulting in an increase of $31,000 in income.

QNB desires to become the “local consumer lender of choice” and to effect this QNB refocused its retail lending efforts, adding new product offerings and increasing marketing and promotion. The positive impact of this focus has been year-over-year growth in balances in overall retail lending: residential mortgage, home equity and consumer loans. Average residential mortgage loans secured by first lien 1-4 family residential mortgages increased by $9,529,000, or 20.0%, to $57,065,000 for the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Over this same timeframe, the average yield on the portfolio increased two basis point to 3.87% for the first quarter of 2018. The combined result was an increase in interest income of $94,000. Average home equity loans decreased slightly by $181,000, or 0.3%, to $66,208,000 while the average yield increased 40 basis points to 4.25% resulting in a net increase in interest income of $64,000. Average consumer loans increased $656,000, or 10.5%, to $6,914,000 and the yield on the portfolio increased 71 basis points to 5.82% for the first quarter of 2018 resulting in a combined $20,000 increase in interest income.

Earning assets are funded by deposits and borrowed funds. Interest expense increased $462,000, when comparing the first quarter of 2018 to the same period in 2017. The growth in average deposits continues to be centered in accounts with greater liquidity, such as non-interest and interest-bearing demand, money market, and savings deposits. Average non-interest-bearing demand accounts increased $10,327,000, or 8.8%, to $128,188,000 for the first quarter of 2018. QNB has been successful in increasing both personal and business checking accounts. Average interest-bearing demand accounts increased $18,149,000, or 11.2%, to $180,077,000 for the first quarter of 2018. Interest expense on interest-bearing demand accounts increased $15,000 to $95,000 for the same period, as the average rate paid increased one basis point to 0.21% for the first quarter of 2018. Included in this category is QNB-Rewards checking, a higher-rate checking account product that pays 1.20% on balances up to $25,000 and 0.35% for balances over $25,000. In order to receive the high rate a customer must receive an electronic statement, have one direct deposit or other ACH transaction and have at least 12 check card purchase transactions post and clear per statement cycle. For the first quarter of 2018, the average balance in this product was $53,671,000 and the related interest expense was $76,000 for an average yield of 0.57%. In comparison, the average balance of the QNB-Rewards accounts for the first quarter of 2017 was $49,186,000 with a related interest expense of $64,000 and an average rate paid of 0.53%. This product also generates fee income through the use of the check card. The average balance of other interest-bearing demand accounts included in this category increased from $112,742,000 for the first quarter of 2017 to $126,406,000 for the first quarter of 2018. The average rate paid on these balances was 0.06% for both periods.

Interest expense on municipal interest-bearing demand accounts increased $185,000 to $279,000 for the first quarter of 2018. The average balance of municipal interest-bearing demand accounts increased $15,257,000, or 17.5%, to $102,569,000, with the average interest rate paid on these accounts increasing 67 basis points to 1.10% for the first quarter of 2018. Many of these accounts are indexed to the Federal funds rate with rate floors between 0.25% and 0.50%; therefore the increases in the Federal funds rate affected the yield of these deposits. Municipal deposits are seasonal in nature and are received during the third quarter as tax receipts are collected and are withdrawn over the course of the next year.

Average money market accounts increased $4,005,000, or 5.1%, to $81,995,000 for the first quarter of 2018 compared with the same period in 2017. Interest expense on money market accounts increased $6,000 to $58,000, while the average interest rate paid on money market accounts increase one basis point to 0.28% for the first quarter of 2018. Most of balances in this category are in a product that pays a tiered rate based on account balances.

Interest expense on savings accounts increased $71,000 when comparing the first quarter of 2018 to the first quarter of 2017, and the average rate increased eight basis points to 0.52% when comparing both periods. When comparing these same periods, average savings accounts increased $18,102,000, or 7.5%, to $259,144,000 for the first quarter of 2018 with both the statement savings and e-Savings products accounting for the growth in savings balances. QNB’s online e-Savings product is the largest category of savings deposits, with average balances for the first quarter of 2018 of $187,669,000. This product has grown successfully since its

introduction in the third quarter of 2009. The average yield paid on these accounts was 0.66% for the first quarter of 2018 and 0.55% for the same period in 2017. Traditional statement savings accounts, passbook savings and club accounts are also included in the savings category and average balances in these types of savings accounts increased $6,764,000, or 10.5%, when comparing the first quarter of 2018 average to the same period in 2017.

Total interest expense on total time deposits totaled $777,000 for the first quarter of 2018 compared to $691,000 in 2017. Average total time deposits increased by $5,453,000 to $231,674,000 for the first quarter of 2018. As with fixed-rate loans and investment securities, time deposits reprice over time and, therefore, have less of an immediate impact on costs in either a rising or falling rate environment, however, the maturity and repricing characteristics of time deposits tend to be shorter. The average rate paid on total time deposits increased 12 basis points from 1.24% to 1.36% when comparing the first quarter of 2017 to the same period in 2018.

Approximately $96,015,000, or 41%, of time deposits at March 31, 2018 will mature over the next 12 months. The average rate paid on these time deposits is approximately 0.91%. The yield on the time deposit portfolio may change slightly in the next quarter as short-term time deposits reprice. However, given the short-term nature of these deposits, interest expense may increase if short-term time deposit rates were to increase suddenly or if customers select higher paying longer-term time deposits.

Short-term borrowings are primarily comprised of sweep accounts structured as repurchase agreements with our commercial customers and overnight FHLB borrowings. Interest expense on short-term borrowings increased $99,000 for the first quarter of 2018 to $179,000 when compared to the same period in 2017. When comparing these same periods, average balances increased from $10,893,000 to $71,453,000, due to an increase in average FHLB borrowings of $12,713,000, while the average rate paid increased 84 basis points to 1.71% for the first quarter of 2018.

The provision for loan losses represents management's determination of the amount necessary to be charged to operations to bring the allowance for loan losses to a level that represents management’s best estimate of the known and inherent losses in the existing loan portfolio. Management believes that it uses the best information available to make determinations about the adequacy of the allowance and that it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The determination of an appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses is based upon an analysis of the risks inherent in QNB’s loan portfolio. Management, in determining the allowance for loan losses, makes significant estimates and assumptions. Since the allowance for loan losses is dependent, to a great extent, on conditions that may be beyond QNB’s control, it is at least reasonably possible that management’s estimates of the allowance for loan losses and actual results could differ. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review QNB’s allowance for losses on loans. Such agencies may require QNB to recognize changes to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Actual loan losses, net of recoveries, serve to reduce the allowance.

Management closely monitors the quality of its loan portfolio and performs a quarterly analysis of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses. This analysis considers several relevant factors including: specific impairment reserves, historical loan loss experience, general economic conditions, levels of and trends in delinquent and non-performing loans, levels of classified loans, trends in the growth rate of loans and concentrations of credit.

Based on this analysis, QNB recorded $188,000 in provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2018, compared with $300,000 for the same period in 2017. QNB's allowance for loan losses of $8,037,000 represents 1.07% of loans receivable at March 31, 2018 compared with an allowance for loan losses of $7,841,000, or 1.07% of loans receivable, at December 31, 2017, and $7,719,000, or 1.17% of loans receivable at March 31, 2017. Management believes the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2018 is adequate as of that date based on its analysis of known and inherent losses in the portfolio.

Net recoveries for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 were $8,000 and $25,000, respectively. Charge-offs of approximately $26,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 consisted of overdraft charge-offs of $19,000 and $7,000 for three small unsecured consumer loans. These were offset by $34,000 in recoveries comprising $22,000 in repayments from borrowers of previously charged-off credits, and $12,000 related to overdraft recoveries. For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, annualized net recoveries as a percent of average loans were 0.00%, compared with -0.02% of average loans for the same period in 2017.

Non-performing assets of $8,327,000 at March 31, 2018 compares favorably with $9,242,000 as of December 31, 2017 and $13,446,000 as of March 31, 2017. In addition to non-performing loans, non-performing assets included non-accrual pooled trust preferred securities in March 2017. Total non-performing loans, which represent loans on non-accrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest and restructured loans, were 1.11% of loans receivable at March 31, 2018 compared with 1.26% of loans receivable at December 31, 2017. At March 31, 2017, non-performing loans totaled $11,023,000, or 1.67% of loans receivable. In cases where there is a collateral shortfall on non-accrual loans, specific impairment reserves have been established based on updated collateral values even if the borrower continues to pay in accordance with the terms of the agreement. At March 31, 2018, $4,963,000, or approximately 70% of the loans classified as non-accrual are current or past due less than 30 days. Loans classified as substandard or doubtful totaled $17,416,000, an increase of $769,000, or 4.6%, from the $16,647,000 reported at December 31, 2017 and a decrease of $851,000, or 4.7%, from the $18,267,000 reported at March 31, 2017.

QNB had no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 or March 31, 2017. Total loans 30 days or more past due, which includes non-accrual loans by actual number of days delinquent, represented 0.96% of loans receivable at March 31, 2018 compared with 0.58% at December 31, 2017 and 1.31% at March 31, 2017. The majority of the increase in the ratio of delinquent to total loans is due to a single past-due credit.

Troubled debt restructured loans, not classified as non-accrual loans or loans past due 90 days or more and accruing, were $1,274,000 at March 31, 2018, compared with $1,321,000 at December 31, 2017, and $1,425,000 at March 31, 2017. There was one newly identified troubled debt restructuring in the three months ended March 31, 2018, a non-accruing home equity loan. QNB had no other real estate owned or repossessed assets as of March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, or March 31, 2017.

A loan is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that QNB will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent.

The following table shows detailed information and ratios pertaining to the Company’s loan and asset quality:

	March 31,			December 31,			March 31,
	2018			2017			2017
Non-accrual loans	$	7,053		$	7,921		$	9,598
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest		—			—			—
Troubled debt restructured loans (not already included above)		1,274			1,321			1,425
Total non-performing loans		8,327			9,242			11,023
Non-accrual investment securities		—			—			2,423
Total non-performing assets	$	8,327		$	9,242		$	13,446

Total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale):
Average total loans (YTD)	$	744,132		$	682,292		$	643,327
Total loans		750,187			733,283			659,039

Allowance for loan losses		8,037			7,841			7,719

Allowance for loan losses to:
Non-performing loans		96.52	%		84.84	%		70.02	%
Total loans (excluding held-for-sale)		1.07	%		1.07	%		1.17	%
Average total loans		1.08	%		1.15	%		1.20	%

Non-performing loans / total loans (excluding held-for-sale)		1.11	%		1.26	%		1.67	%
Non-performing assets / total assets		0.71	%		0.80	%		1.23	%

An analysis of net loan recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 2017 is as follows:

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the recorded investment in loans for which impairment has been identified totaled $14,086,000 and $13,584,000 of which $11,892,000 and $11,125,000, respectively, required no specific allowance for loan loss. The recorded investment in impaired loans requiring an allowance for loan losses was $2,194,000 and $2,459,000 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and the related allowance for loan losses associated with these loans was $1,432,000 and $1,392,000, respectively. Most of the loans that have been identified as impaired are collateral-dependent. See Note 8 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail of impaired loans.

Non-Interest Income Comparison
	Three months					Change from
	ended March 31,					prior year
	2018			2017		Amount			Percent
Net gain on sales of investment securities	$	85		$	749	$	(664	)		-88.7	%
Unrealized loss on investment equity securities		(246	)		—		(246	)	N/M
Net gain on trading activity		—			17		(17	)	N/M
Fees for services to customers		421			392		29			7.4
ATM and debit card		430			417		13			3.1
Retail brokerage and advisory		103			103		—			—
Bank-owned life insurance		68			71		(3	)		(4.2	)
Merchant		74			80		(6	)		(7.5	)
Net gain on sale of loans		7			50		(43	)		(86.0	)
Other		125			111		14			12.6
Total	$	1,067		$	1,990	$	(923	)		-46.4	%

Total non-interest income for the first quarter of 2018 was $1,067,000, a decrease of $923,000, compared to $1,990,000 for the first quarter of 2017. Excluding net gains on investment securities, trading activities and sale of loans for both periods, total non-interest income was $1,221,000 and $1,174,000 for the first quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net gains on investment securities decreased $664,000 from $749,000 in first quarter of 2017 to $85,000 in first quarter of 2018. Gain on investments are primarily derived from sale of equity securities. Market conditions in the equities market for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 resulted in fewer opportunities for profitable sales. The adoption of Accounting Standard Update 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018 requires the Company to record unrealized gains or losses on equity securities through earnings, rather than in other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity. At March 31, 2018, these unrealized losses totaled $246,000. The Bank redeemed the trading investment portfolio in its entirety during the second quarter of 2017, resulting in reduced income in 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.

QNB originates residential mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. Net gain on sale of loans decreased $43,000 when comparing the two periods. The net gain on residential mortgage sales is directly related to the volume of mortgages sold and the timing of the sales relative to the interest rate environment. Residential mortgage loans to be sold are identified at origination. Proceeds from the sale of residential mortgages were $605,000 and $2,023,000 for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Fees for services to customers increased $29,000, or 7.4%, to $421,000 at March 31, 2018, due primarily to an increase in net overdraft income. ATM and debit card income increased $13,000, or 3.1%, to $430,000 for the first quarter of 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, due to increases in card-based transactions and expansion of checking account households.

Other non-interest income increased $14,000, or 12.6%, due to increased letter of credit income and mortgage servicing fees, offset in part by reduced title company income, sale of checks to depositors and miscellaneous fee income.

Total non-interest expense was $6,178,000 for the first quarter of 2018, an increase of $590,000, or 10.6%, compared to the first quarter of 2017.

Salaries and benefits comprise the largest component of non-interest expense. QNB monitors, through the use of various surveys, the competitive salary and benefit information in its markets and makes adjustments when appropriate. Salaries and benefits expense increased $259,000, or 8.4%, to $3,345,000 when comparing the two quarters. Salary expense and related payroll taxes increased $149,000, or 5.5%, to $2,851,000 during the first quarter 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Medical premiums, retirement plan expense and post-retirement life insurance benefit expense increased $63,000, $21,000, and $24,000, respectively during the same period.

Net occupancy and furniture and equipment expense increased $20,000, or 4.4%, and $58,000, or 13.5%, respectively. This is due to increased utilities expense of $7,000, and increased equipment, building and software maintenance totaling $70,000 comparing the first quarter of 2018 with the same period in 2017. Marketing expense increased $81,000, or 35.4%, to $310,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The increase is due to additional sponsorships and donations for the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Third party services are comprised of professional services, including legal, accounting, auditing and consulting services, as well as fees paid to outside vendors for support services of day-to-day operations. These support services include correspondent banking services, IT services, statement printing and mailing, investment security safekeeping and supply management services. Third party services expense increased $16,000 when comparing the two periods, due primarily to legal fees and IT services. Telephone and postage and supplies expenses decreased $19,000, or 9.5%, due to decreased data line cost and additional costs related to debit card conversion in 2017. State taxes are based on the Bank’s equity, and the $23,000 decrease is due to tax credits received by the Bank related to the donations discussed above. FDIC insurance premiums increased $34,000, or 24.1%, due to the change in the assessment rate for the quarter.

QNB utilizes an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. As of March 31, 2018, QNB’s net deferred tax asset was $4,411,000. The primary components of deferred taxes are deferred tax assets of $1,688,000 relating to the allowance for loan losses, $2,292,000 related to unrealized losses on available for sale securities, $324,000 related to non-accrual interest income and $131,000 related to deferred fees and rent. As of December 31, 2017, QNB’s net deferred tax asset was $3,319,000. The primary difference in the balance of net deferred tax assets when comparing March 31, 2018 to December 31, 2017 is the increase in deferred tax asset due to increased unrealized losses on available for sale securities.

The realizability of deferred tax assets is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the generation of future taxable income, the existence of taxes paid and recoverable, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and tax planning strategies. Based upon these and other factors, management believes it is more likely than not that QNB will realize the benefits of these remaining deferred tax assets.

Applicable income tax expense was $557,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 compared to $1,122,000 for the same period in 2017. The effective tax rate for first quarter of 2018 was 16.0% compared with 28.2% for the first quarter of 2017. This decrease in effective tax rate in 2018 is due to decreased pre-tax income and a reduced corporate tax rate from 34% to 21%, resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, effective January 1, 2018.

Financial service organizations are challenged to demonstrate they can generate sustainable and consistent earnings growth in a dynamic operating environment. Rate competition for quality loans is anticipated to continue through 2018. It is also anticipated that the rate competition for attracting and retaining deposits will continue to increase in 2018, as short-term interest rates increase, which could result in a lower net interest margin and a decline in net interest income.

QNB’s primary business is accepting deposits and making loans to meet the credit needs of the communities it serves. Loans are the most significant component of earning assets and growth in loans to small businesses and residents of these communities has been a primary focus of QNB. Inherent within the lending function is the evaluation and acceptance of credit risk and interest rate risk. QNB manages credit risk associated with its lending activities through portfolio diversification, underwriting policies and procedures and loan monitoring practices. QNB is committed to make credit available to its customers.

Total assets at March 31, 2018 were $1,172,168,000 compared with $1,152,337,000 at December 31, 2017. Cash and cash equivalents increased $13,539,000 from $16,331,000 at December 31, 2017 to $29,870,000 at March 31, 2018, due primarily to growth in deposit balances and paydowns of amortizing mortgage-backed securities during the quarter.

The composition of the investment portfolio is essentially unchanged since December 31, 2017. The fixed-income securities portfolio represents a significant portion of QNB’s earning assets and is also a primary tool in liquidity and asset/liability management. QNB actively manages its fixed income portfolio to take advantage of changes in the shape of the yield curve and changes in spread relationships in different sectors and for liquidity purposes. Management continually reviews strategies that will result in an increase in the yield or improvement in the structure of the investment portfolio, including monitoring credit and concentration risk in the portfolio. QNB owns one CDO in the form of a pooled trust preferred security, with a fair value of $115,000. PreTSL IV represents the senior-most obligation of the trust.

Loans receivable grew $16,904,000, or 2.3%, with commercial loans increasing $16,854,000, or 2.8%, to $611,858,000 at March 31, 2018, compared with $595,004,000 at year-end 2017. Retail loan balances remained essentially unchanged, at $138,122,000, when comparing March 31, 2018 to December 31, 2017.

Deposit growth was led by savings balances, which increased $12,741,000, or 4.9%, to $270,263,000 from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Interest-bearing demand balances, excluding municipal deposits, grew $10,593,000, or 5.9%, to $189,899,000, with the Rewards checking and Select 50 products providing $7,919,000 of the growth. Money market balances declined $3,596,000, or 4.3%, to $80,966,000 as depositors moved to high-yielding savings accounts. Non-interest-bearing demand balances increased $5,828,000 to $135,040,000 at March 31, 2018, due to both personal and business deposits. Time deposits increased $7,069,000 from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Municipal deposit balances decreased $20,214,000, or 17.1%, to $97,950,000. Municipal deposits can be volatile depending on the timing of deposits and withdrawals, and the cash flow needs of the school districts or municipalities. It is anticipated that total deposits will decrease during the second quarter as tax money received from the local school districts during September flows out for the subsequent twelve months as the schools use the funds for operations. These deposits provide incremental income as they are invested in short-term investment securities but will further reduce the net interest margin as the spread earned is significantly less than the current net interest margin.

Short-term borrowings increased 16.4%, from $55,756,000 at December 31, 2017 to $64,879,000 at March 31, 2018. Commercial sweep accounts increased $820,000, as these funds may be volatile based on businesses’ receipt and disbursement of funds. Overnight borrowings from FHLB increased $8,303,000 to $22,214,000.

Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to generate cash or otherwise obtain funds at reasonable rates to satisfy demand for loans and deposit withdrawals. QNB attempts to manage its mix of cash and interest-bearing balances, Federal funds sold and investment securities to match the volatility, seasonality, interest sensitivity and growth trends of its loans and deposits. The Company manages its liquidity risk by measuring and monitoring its liquidity sources and estimated funding needs. Liquidity is provided from asset sources through repayments and maturities of loans and investment securities. The portfolio of investment securities classified as available for sale and QNB's policy of selling certain residential mortgage originations in the secondary market also provide sources of liquidity. Core deposits and cash management repurchase agreements have historically been the most significant funding source for QNB. These deposits and repurchase agreements are generated from a base of consumers, businesses and public funds primarily located in the Company’s market area.

Additional sources of liquidity are provided by the Bank’s membership in the FHLB. At March 31, 2018, the Bank had a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of approximately $276,246,000, net of the $22,214,000 in overnight borrowings and a $350,000 letter of credit at March 31, 2018. The maximum borrowing depends upon qualifying collateral assets and QNB’s asset quality and capital adequacy. In addition, the Bank maintains unsecured Federal funds lines with three correspondent banks totaling $46,000,000. At March 31, 2018, there were no outstanding borrowings under these lines. During the first quarter of 2018, QNB borrowed from the FHLB to fund short-term liquidity needs. Future availability under these lines is subject to the policies of the granting banks and may be withdrawn.

Liquid sources of funds, including cash, trading, available-for-sale and equity investment securities, and loans held-for-sale have increased $1,312,000 since December 31, 2017, totaling $397,188,000 at March 31, 2018. Growth in deposits since year-end 2017 has been used to fund loans. Management expects these liquid sources will be adequate to meet normal fluctuations in loan demand or deposit withdrawals. The investment portfolio is expected to continue to provide sufficient liquidity, even in a rising rate environment, as municipal bonds are called or mature and cash flow on mortgage-backed and CMO securities continues to be steady, although cash flow available from the investment portfolio decreased in 2018 compared to 2017, as a result of interest rates rising.

Approximately $193,454,000 and $202,887,000 of available-for-sale debt securities at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and deposits of public funds. The level of pledged securities corresponds with the municipal deposit and repurchase agreement balances.

QNB is a member of the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Services (CDARS) program offered by the Promontory Interfinancial Network, LLC. CDARS is a funding and liquidity management tool used by banks to access funds and manage their balance sheet. It enables financial institutions to provide customers with full FDIC insurance on time deposits over $250,000 that are placed in the program. QNB also has available Insured Cash Sweep (ICS), another program through Promontory Interfinancial Network, LLC, which is a product similar to CDARS, but one that provides liquidity like a money market or savings account.

A strong capital position is fundamental to support continued growth and profitability and to serve the needs of depositors. QNB's shareholders' equity at March 31, 2018 was $96,504,000, or 8.23% of total assets, compared with shareholders' equity of $98,570,000, or 8.55% of total assets, at December 31, 2017. Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included a negative adjustment of $8,624,000 and $4,086,000, respectively, related to unrealized holding losses, net of taxes, on investment securities available-for-sale. Without these adjustments, shareholders' equity to total assets would have been 8.90% and 8.88% at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Average shareholders' equity and average total assets were $104,832,000 and $1,164,390,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, an increase of 3.3% and 4.2%, respectively, from the averages for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ratio of average total equity to average total assets was 9.0% for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 compared to 9.1% for all 2017.

Retained earnings at March 31, 2018 were impacted by three months of net income totaling $2,935,000 partially offset by dividends declared and paid of $1,105,000 for the same period. QNB offers a Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) to provide participants a convenient and economical method for investing cash dividends paid on the Company’s common stock in additional shares at a discount. The Plan also allows participants to make additional cash purchases of stock at a discount. Stock purchases under the Plan contributed $242,000 to capital during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The stock issued for the dividend declared in March 2018, ordinarily issued during the first quarter, was issued in early April, due to the financial markets being closed for a holiday.

The Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 100,000 shares of its common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase authorization does not bear a termination date. As of March 31, 2018, 57,883 shares were repurchased under this authorization at an average price of $16.97 and a total cost of $982,000. There have been no additional shares repurchased under the plan since the first quarter of 2009.

QNB and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements as issued by Federal regulatory authorities. Regulatory capital is defined in terms of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Risk-based capital ratios are expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are determined by assigning various weights to all assets and off-balance sheet arrangements, such as letters of credit and loan commitments, based on associated risk. The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III) became effective for QNB on January 1, 2015, with full compliance with all of the final rule’s requirements phased in over a multi-year schedule, to be fully phased-in by January 1, 2019.

Under the final rules, minimum requirements increased for both the quantity and quality of capital. The rules included a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 4.5%, raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% to 6.0%, required a minimum ratio of Total Capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, and required a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. A new capital conservation buffer, comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, and will increase each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments were also implemented. The final rules also revised the definition and calculation of Tier 1 capital, Total Capital, and risk-weighted assets. QNB continues to monitor the effect of these new rules on the business, operations and capital levels of the Company and the Bank.

At March 31, 2018, common equity Tier I, Tier I capital, total regulatory capital and leverage ratios improved slightly from December 31, 2017. The Company remains well-capitalized by all applicable regulatory requirements as of March 31, 2018.

Market risk reflects the risk of economic loss resulting from changes in interest rates and market prices. QNB’s primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk and liquidity risk. QNB’s liquidity position was discussed in a prior section.

QNB’s largest source of revenue is net interest income, which is subject to changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk management seeks to minimize the effect of interest rate changes on net interest margins and interest rate spreads and to provide growth in net interest income through periods of changing interest rates. QNB’s Asset/Liability and Investment Management Committee (ALCO) is responsible for managing interest rate risk and for evaluating the impact of changing interest rate conditions on net interest income.

QNB uses computer simulation analysis to measure the sensitivity of projected earnings to changes in interest rates. Simulation considers current balance sheet volumes and the scheduled repricing dates, instrument level optionality, and maturities of assets and liabilities. It incorporates assumptions for growth, changes in the mix of assets and liabilities, prepayments, and average rates earned and paid. Based on this information, management uses the model to project net interest income under multiple interest rate scenarios.

A balance sheet is considered liability sensitive when its liabilities (deposits and borrowings) reprice faster or than its earning assets (loans and securities). A liability sensitive balance sheet will produce relatively less net interest income when interest rates rise and more net interest income when they decline. Based on our simulation analysis, management believes QNB’s interest sensitivity position at March 31, 2018 is liability sensitive. Management expects that market interest rates will continue with gradual increases in the next 12 months, based on the economic environment and policy of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

The following table shows the estimated impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 assuming instantaneous rate shocks, and consistent levels of assets and liabilities. Net interest income for the subsequent twelve months is projected to decrease when interest rates are higher than current rates.

Computations of future effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. Assets and liabilities may react differently than projected to changes in market interest rates. The interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while rates on other types of assets and liabilities may lag changes in market interest rates. Interest rate shifts may not be parallel.

Changes in interest rates can cause substantial changes in the amount of prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed securities, which may in turn affect QNB’s interest rate sensitivity position. Additionally, credit risk may rise if an interest rate increase adversely affects the ability of borrowers to service their debt.

QNB is not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. At March 31, 2018, QNB did not have any hedging transactions in place such as interest rate swaps, caps or floors.

The information required in response to this item is set forth in Item 2, above.

We maintain a system of controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of the consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this report, as well as to safeguard assets from unauthorized use or disposition. We evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. No changes were made to our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

There were no material changes to the Risk Factors described in Item 1A in QNB’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2017.

QNB did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The following provides certain information relating to QNB's stock repurchase plan.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

15 North Third Street, P.O. Box 9005 Quakertown, PA		18951-9005
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Class		Outstanding at May 1, 2018
Common Stock, par value $0.625		3,459,822

	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.	CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)	PAGE

	Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	5

	Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	6

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	37

ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK	54

ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	54

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	55

ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	55

ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	55

ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	55

ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	55

ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	55

ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	56

SIGNATURES

CERTIFICATIONS

Three months ended March 31,	2018			2017
Risk free interest rate		2.15	%		1.48	%
Dividend yield		1.24	%		3.19	%
Volatility		18.12	%		17.89	%
Expected life (years)		4.20			4.20

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		85,525		$	30.94
Granted		25,000			43.60
Exercised		(9,750	)		24.75
Forfeited		—			—
Outstanding at March 31, 2018		100,775		$	34.68		3.23	$	944
Exercisable at March 31, 2018		27,275		$	27.51		1.41	$	451

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

Three months ended March 31,	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income	2018		2017			Affected line item in statement of income
Unrealized net holding gains on available-for-sale securities	$	1	$	749		Net gain on sale of investment securities
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities		—		—		Net other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities
		1		749
Tax effect		—		(254	)	Provision for income taxes
Total reclass out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	$	1	$	495		Net of tax

			Amortized
March 31, 2018	Fair value		cost
Due in one year or less	$	7,717	$	7,713
Due after one year through five years		181,946		187,716
Due after five years through ten years		145,870		150,628
Due after ten years		21,986		22,378
Total investment debt securities available-for-sale	$	357,519	$	368,435

	March 31		December 31,
	2018		2017
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	157,376	$	147,190
Construction		50,664		51,157
Secured by commercial real estate		289,785		286,867
Secured by residential real estate		73,752		71,703
State and political subdivisions		40,281		38,087
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		59,295		55,818
Home equity loans and lines		72,045		75,576
Consumer		6,782		6,680
Total loans		749,980		733,078
Net unearned costs		207		205
Loans receivable	$	750,187	$	733,283

March 31, 2018	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	149,196	$	878	$	7,302	$	—	$	157,376
Construction		50,664		—		—		—		50,664
Secured by commercial real estate		271,091		10,499		8,195		—		289,785
Secured by residential real estate		71,612		221		1,919		—		73,752
State and political subdivisions		40,281		—		—		—		40,281
Total	$	582,844	$	11,598	$	17,416	$	—	$	611,858

March 31, 2018	Performing		Non-performing		Total
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages	$	58,424	$	871	$	59,295
Home equity loans and lines		71,866		179		72,045
Consumer		6,699		83		6,782
Total	$	136,989	$	1,133	$	138,122

March 31, 2018	90 days or more past due (still accruing)		Non-accrual
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	2,782
Construction		—		—
Secured by commercial real estate		—		1,720
Secured by residential real estate		—		1,418
State and political subdivisions		—		—
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		—		871
Home equity loans and lines		—		179
Consumer		—		83
Total	$	—	$	7,053

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	2018			2017
Balance, January 1,	$	215		$	2,281
Payments received		(118	)		(34	)
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		—			—
Included in other comprehensive income		18			176
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—			—
Balance, March 31,	$	115		$	2,423

Non-Interest Expense Comparison
	Three months				Change from
	ended March 31,				prior year
	2018		2017		Amount			Percent
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,345	$	3,086	$	259			8.4	%
Net occupancy		471		451		20			4.4
Furniture and equipment		487		429		58			13.5
Marketing		310		229		81			35.4
Third-party services		410		394		16			4.1
Telephone, postage and supplies		181		200		(19	)		(9.5	)
State taxes		170		193		(23	)		(11.9	)
FDIC insurance premiums		175		141		34			24.1
Other		629		465		164			35.3
Total	$	6,178	$	5,588	$	590			10.6	%

	March 31,			December 31,
Capital Analysis	2018			2017
Regulatory Capital
Shareholders' equity	$	96,504		$	98,570
Net unrealized securities losses, net of tax		8,624			4,086
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities, net of tax		—			(212	)
Disallowed intangible assets		(8	)		(6	)
Common equity tier I capital		105,120			102,438

Tier I capital		105,120			102,438
Allowable portion: Allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments		8,110			7,914
Unrealized gains on equity securities, net of tax		—			—
Total regulatory capital	$	113,230		$	110,352
Risk-weighted assets	$	897,508		$	881,503
Quarterly average assets for leverage capital purposes	$	1,164,382		$	1,153,721

	March 31,			December 31,
Capital Ratios	2018			2017
Common equity tier I capital / risk-weighted assets		11.71	%		11.62	%
Tier I capital / risk-weighted assets		11.71	%		11.62	%
Total regulatory capital / risk-weighted assets		12.62	%		12.52	%
Tier I capital / average assets (leverage ratio)		9.03	%		8.88	%

Estimated Change in Net Interest Income
Changes in Interest rates	March 31,
(in basis points)	2018			2017
+300		-6.32	%		-8.24	%
+200		-4.10	%		-5.49	%
+100		-1.90	%		-2.65	%
-100		-1.78	%	*N/A

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan		Maximum Number of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plan

January 1, 2018 through January 31, 2018		—		—		—		42,117
February 1, 2018 through February 28, 2018		—		—		—		42,117
March 1, 2018 through March 31, 2018		—		—		—		42,117
Total		—		—		—		42,117

Exhibit 3.1		Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) of Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 0-17706, filed with the Commission on March 13, 2015).

Exhibit 3.2		Bylaws of Registrant, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) of Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 0-17706, filed with the Commission on March 13, 2015).

Exhibit 31.1		Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2		Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1		Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2		Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer

No.		Description
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document.*

	QNB Corp.

Date: May 9, 2018	By:	/s/ David W. Freeman
		David W. Freeman
		Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Janice McCracken Erkes
		Janice McCracken Erkes
		Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Mary E. Liddle
		Mary E. Liddle
		Chief Accounting Officer, QNB Bank