Note 17 - Fair Value Measurements and Fair Values Of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 17 - Fair Value Measurements and Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (fair values are not adjusted for transaction costs). ASC 820 also establishes a framework (fair value hierarchy) for measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The measurement of fair value should be consistent with one of the following valuation techniques: market approach, income approach, and/or cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including a business). For example, valuation techniques consistent with the market approach often use market multiples derived from a set of comparables. Multiples might lie in ranges with a different multiple for each comparable. The selection of where within the range the appropriate multiple falls requires judgment, considering factors specific to the measurement (qualitative and quantitative). Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach include matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the security’s relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used were as follows:

December 31, 2013	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable input (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at end of period
Recurring fair value measurements
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency		-	$	71,639		-	$	71,639
State and municipal		-		87,199		-		87,199
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed		-		139,723		-		139,723
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		-		75,394		-		75,394
Pooled trust preferred		-		-	$	2,069		2,069
Corporate debt		-		6,021		-		6,021
Equity	$	6,625		-		-		6,625
Total securities available-for-sale	$	6,625	$	379,976	$	2,069	$	388,670
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	6,625	$	379,976	$	2,069	$	388,670
Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Impaired loans	$	-	$	-	$	3,107	$	3,107
Mortgage servicing rights		-		-		519		519
Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	-	$	-	$	3,626	$	3,626

December 31, 2012	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable input (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at end of period
Recurring fair value measurements
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency		-	$	104,130		-	$	104,130
State and municipal		-		86,789		-		86,789
U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
Mortgage-backed		-		107,973		-		107,973
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs)		-		94,091		-		94,091
Pooled trust preferred		-		-	$	1,962		1,962
Corporate debt		-		2,502		-		2,502
Equity	$	4,055		-		-		4,055
Total securities available-for-sale	$	4,055	$	395,485	$	1,962	$	401,502
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	4,055	$	395,485	$	1,962	$	401,502
Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Impaired loans	$	-	$	-	$	5,832	$	5,832
Mortgage servicing rights		-		-		448		448
Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	-	$	-	$	6,280	$	6,280

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which QNB has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

	Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements
December 31, 2013	Fair value		Valuation techniques	Unobservable input	Value or range of values
Impaired loans	$	3,107	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)		-10%	to	-30%
				Liquidation expenses (2)		0%	to	-10%
Mortgage servicing rights		519	Discounted cash flow	Remaining term (yrs)		3	-	29
				Discount rate		10%	to	12%

(1)	Fair value is primarily determined through appraisals of the underlying collateral by independent parties, which generally includes various level 3 inputs which are not always identifiable.
(2)	Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.
	The range is presented as a percent of the initial appraised value.

The following table presents additional information about the securities available-for-sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which QNB utilized significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) to determine fair value for the year ended December 31:

		Fair value measurements using
		significant unobservable inputs
			(Level 3)
Securities available-for-sale	2013		2012
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,962	$	1,929
Settlements		-		(121	)
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		-		-
Included in other comprehensive income		107		154
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		-		-
Balance, end of year	$	2,069	$	1,962

There were no transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the year ended December 31, 2013. There were also no transfers in or out of level 3 for the same period. There were no losses included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to the available-for-sale securities above with fair value measurements utilizing significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

The Level 3 securities consist of seven collateralized debt obligation securities, PreTSL securities, which are backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, and insurance companies. As discussed in Note 4, despite the fact that there were some trades during December, the market for these securities at December 31, 2013 was not active and markets for similar securities also are not active. The inactivity was evidenced first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which PreTSLs trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive and there are currently very few market participants who are willing and or able to transact for these securities.

Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, we determined:

● The few observable transactions and market quotations that are available are not reliable for purposes of determining fair value at December 31, 2013;

● An income valuation approach technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs will be equally or more representative of fair value than the market approach valuation technique used at prior measurement dates; and

● PreTSLs will be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because significant adjustments are required to determine fair value at the measurement date.

The Bank is aware of several factors indicating that recent transactions of PreTSL securities are not orderly including an increased spread between bid/ask prices, lower sales transaction volumes for these types of securities, and a lack of new issuances. As a result, the Bank engaged an independent third party to value the securities using a discounted cash flow analysis. The estimated cash flows are based on specific assumptions about defaults, deferrals and prepayments of the trust preferred securities underlying each PreTSL. The resulting collateral cash flows are allocated to the bond waterfall using the INTEXcalc valuation model.

The estimates for the conditional default rates (CDR) are based on the payment characteristics of the trust preferred securities themselves (e.g. current, deferred, or defaulted) as well as the financial condition of the trust preferred issuers in the pool. A near-term CDR for each issuer in the pool is estimated based on their financial condition using key financial ratios relating to the financial institution’s capitalization, asset quality, profitability and liquidity. In addition to the specific bank default assumptions, overall deal default rates are modeled. In 2014 and beyond, the CDR rate is calculated based upon a comparison of key financial ratios of active individual issuers without a short-term probability of default compared to all FDIC insured banks. To derive this long-term default rate, a comparison of certain key financial ratios of the active issuers in the security to all FDIC insured banks is reviewed. The active issuers are summarized by creating a weighted average based on issue size, then divided into categories based upon their status of deferral and whether or not a specific default assumption has been assigned to the issuer. To ensure an accurate comparison, the standard deviation across the issuers for each ratio is calculated and any issuer that falls more than three standard deviations above or below the average for that ratio is removed.

The base loss severity assumption and long-term loss severity assumptions are modeled at 95%. The severity factor for near-term CDRs is vectored to reflect the relative expected performance of the institutions modeled to default, with lower forecasted severities used for the higher quality institutions.

Prepayments are modeled to take into account the disruption in the asset-backed securities marketplace and the lack of new pooled trust preferred issuances. For purposes of the cash flow analysis, relatively modest rates of prepayment of 1% were forecasted. In addition to the base prepayment assumption, due to the recent enactment of the Dodd-Frank financial legislation additional prepayment analysis was performed. First, all fixed rate trust preferred securities issued by banks with more than $15 billion in total assets at December 31, 2009 were identified. The current credit rating of these institutions was reviewed and it was assumed that any issuer with an investment grade credit rating would prepay their issuance as soon as possible or July 1, 2015 for bank holding company subsidiaries of foreign banking organizations that have relied on Supervision and Regulation Letter SR-01-1. For those institutions rated below investment grade the holding companies’ approximate cost of long-term funding given their rating and marketplace interest rate was estimated. The following assumption was made; any holding company that could refinance for a cost savings of more than 2% will refinance and will do so as soon as possible, or July 1, 2015. Finally, for issuers not impacted by the Tier 1 regulatory capital legislation enacted by the Dodd-Frank Act, the issuers that have shown a recent history of prepayment of both floating rate and fixed rate issues were identified and it was assumed these issuers will prepay as soon as possible.

The internal rate of return is the pre-tax yield used to discount the best estimate of future cash flows after credit losses. The cash flows have been discounted using estimated market discount rates of 3-month LIBOR plus spreads ranging from 4.08% to 9.68%. The determination of appropriate market discount rates involved the consideration of the following:

● the time value of money

● the price for bearing uncertainty in cash flows

● other factors that would be considered by market participants

The analysis of discount rates involved the review of corporate bond spreads for banks, U.S. Treasury yields, credit default swap rates for financial companies (utilized as a proxy for credit), the swap/LIBOR yield curve and the characteristics of the individual securities being valued.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of QNB’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between QNB’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of each major classification of financial instrument and non-financial asset at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

Cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable (carried at cost): The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate those assets’ fair value.

Investment securities available for sale (carried at fair value) and held-to-maturity (carried at amortized cost): The fair value of securities are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. Level 2 debt securities are valued by a third-party pricing service commonly used in the banking industry. Level 2 fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution date, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. For certain securities which are not traded in active markets or are subject to transfer restrictions, valuations are adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, and such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence (Level 3). In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used. Management’s best estimate consists of both internal and external support on certain Level 3 investments. Cash flow models using a present value formula that includes assumptions market participants would use along with indicative exit pricing obtained from broker/dealers (where available) were used to support fair values of certain Level 3 investments.

Restricted investment in bank stocks (carried at cost): The fair value of stock in Atlantic Central Bankers Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank is the carrying amount, based on redemption provisions, and considers the limited marketability of such securities.

Loans Held for Sale (carried at lower of cost or fair value): The fair value of loans held for sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary market prices. If no such quoted prices exist, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar loan or loans, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan.

Loans Receivable (carried at cost): The fair values of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.

Impaired Loans (generally carried at fair value): Impaired loans are loans, in which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Included in the fair value of impaired loans at December 31, 2013 are $27,000 of loans that had no specific reserves required at year end; however, were partially charged-off at year end.

Mortgage Servicing Rights (carried at lower of cost or fair value): The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The mortgage servicing rights are stratified into tranches based on predominant characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. The valuation incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income.

Foreclosed assets (other real estate owned and repossessed assets): Foreclosed assets are the only non-financial assets valued on a non-recurring basis which are held by the Company at fair value, less cost to sell. At foreclosure or repossession, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the collateral acquired (real estate, vehicles, equipment) is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the allowance for loan losses. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The fair value of foreclosed assets held-for-sale is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on observable market data.

Deposit liabilities (carried at cost): The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity (e.g. demand deposits, interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts) are by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e. their carrying amounts). This approach to estimating fair value excludes the significant benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by such deposit liabilities, as compared to alternative sources of funding. Deposits with a stated maturity (time deposits) have been valued using the present value of cash flows discounted at rates approximating the current market for similar deposits.

Short-term borrowings (carried at cost): The carrying amount of short-term borrowings approximates their fair values.

Long-term debt (carried at cost): The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new long-term debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a fair value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

Off-balance-sheet instruments (disclosed at cost): The fair value for the Bank’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and letters of credit) are based on fees currently charged in the market to enter into similar agreements, taking into account, the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of the respective period ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each year end.

The estimated fair values and carrying amounts of the Company’s financial and off-balance sheet instruments are summarized as follows:

					Fair value measurements
December 31, 2013	Carrying amount		Fair value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,286	$	16,286	$	16,286		-		-
Investment securities available-for-sale		388,670		388,670		6,625	$	379,976	$	2,069
Investment securities held-to-maturity		146		162		-		162		-
Restricted investment in bank stocks		1,764		1,764		1,764		-		-
Net loans		492,791		491,635		-		-		491,635
Mortgage servicing rights		519		643		-		-		643
Accrued interest receivable		2,579		2,579		-		2,579		-
Financial liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	574,987	$	574,987	$	574,987		-	$	-
Deposits with stated maturities		239,545		241,959		-	$	241,959		-
Short-term borrowings		35,156		35,156		35,156		-		-
Long-term debt		5,000		5,056		-		5,056		-
Accrued interest payable		392		392		-		392		-
Off-balance sheet instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Standby letters of credit		-		-		-		-		-

					Fair value measurements
December 31, 2012	Carrying amount		Fair value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,453	$	15,453	$	15,453		-		-
Investment securities available-for-sale		401,502		401,502		4,055	$	395,485	$	1,962
Investment securities held-to-maturity		146		166		-		166		-
Restricted investment in bank stocks		2,244		2,244		2,244		-		-
Loans held-for-sale		1,616		1,674		-		1,674		-
Net loans		467,961		474,330		-		-		474,330
Mortgage servicing rights		448		464		-		-		464
Accrued interest receivable		2,803		2,803		-		2,803		-
Financial liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturities	$	532,404	$	532,404	$	532,404		-	$	-
Deposits with stated maturities		269,234		273,878		-	$	273,878		-
Short-term borrowings		32,488		32,488		32,488		-		-
Long-term debt		5,287		5,694		-		5,694		-
Accrued interest payable		487		487		-		487		-
Off-balance sheet instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Standby letters of credit		-		-		-		-		-