Note 5 - Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses

Major classes of loans are as follows:

December 31,	2011			2010
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	96,163		$	86,628
Construction		15,959			18,611
Secured by commercial real estate		195,813			199,874
Secured by residential real estate		45,070			44,444
State and political subdivisions		35,127			31,053
Loans to depository institutions		4,515			-
Indirect lease financing		11,928			12,995
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		25,518			23,127
Home equity loans and lines		57,579			62,726
Consumer		2,308			2,751
Total loans		489,980			482,209
Net unearned (fees) costs		(44	)		(27	)
Loans receivable	$	489,936		$	482,182

Loans secured by commercial real estate include all loans collateralized at least in part by commercial real estate. These loans may not be for the expressed purpose of conducting commercial real estate transactions.

Overdrafts are reclassified as loans and are included in consumer loans above and total loans on the balance sheet. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, overdrafts were $91,000 and $93,000, respectively.

QNB generally lends in its trade area which is comprised of Quakertown and the surrounding communities. To a large extent, QNB makes loans collateralized at least in part by real estate. Its lending activities could be affected by changes in the general economy, the regional economy, or real estate values. Other than disclosed in the table above, at December 31, 2011, there were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans.

The Company engages in a variety of lending activities, including commercial, residential real estate and consumer transactions. The Company focuses its lending activities on individuals, professionals and small to medium sized businesses. Risks associated with lending activities include economic conditions and changes in interest rates, which can adversely impact both the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and the value of the associated collateral.

Commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and residential real estate loans with a business purpose are generally perceived as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans with a personal purpose and consumer loans. These types of loans involve larger loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers and are more susceptible to a risk of loss during a downturn in the business cycle. These loans may involve greater risk because the availability of funds to repay these loans depends on the successful operation of the borrower's business. The assets financed are used within the business for its ongoing operation. Repayment of these kinds of loans generally comes from the cash flow of the business or the ongoing conversions of assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory, to cash. Typical collateral for commercial and industrial loans includes the borrower's accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment. Commercial real estate and residential real estate loans secured for a business purpose are originated primarily within the eastern Pennsylvania market area at conservative loan-to-value ratios and often backed by the individual guarantees of the borrowers or owners. Repayment of this kind of loan is dependent upon either the ongoing cash flow of the borrowing entity or the resale of or lease of the subject property. Commercial real estate loans may be affected to a greater extent than residential loans by adverse conditions in real estate markets or the economy because commercial real estate borrowers' ability to repay their loans depends on successful development of their properties, as well as the factors affecting residential real estate borrowers.

Loans to state and political subdivisions are tax-exempt or taxable loans to municipalities, school districts and housing and industrial development authorities. These loans can be general obligations of the municipality or school district repaid through their taxing authority, revenue obligations repaid through the income generated by the operations of the authority, such as a water or sewer authority, or loans issued to a housing and industrial development agency, for which a private corporation is responsible for payments on the loans.

Loans to depository institutions consist of a loan to a commercial bank in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. This loan is secured by shares of common stock of the borrowing institution.

Indirect lease financing receivables represent loans to small businesses that are collateralized by equipment. These loans tend to have higher risk characteristics but generally provide higher rates of return. These loans are originated by a third party and purchased by QNB based on criteria specified by QNB. The criteria include minimum credit scores of the borrower, term of the lease, type and age of equipment financed and geographic area. The geographic area primarily represents states contiguous to Pennsylvania. QNB is not the lessor and does not service these loans.

The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate real estate-residential mortgage loans for personal purposes that are secured by first liens on the underlying 1-4 family residential properties. Credit risk exposure in this area of lending is minimized by the evaluation of the credit worthiness of the borrower, including debt-to-income ratios, credit scores and adherence to underwriting policies that emphasize conservative loan-to-value ratios of generally no more than 80%. Residential mortgage loans granted in excess of the 80% loan-to-value ratio criterion are generally insured by private mortgage insurance.

The real estate-home equity portfolio consists of fixed-rate home equity loans and variable-rate home equity lines of credit. Risks associated with loans secured by residential properties are generally lower than commercial loans and include general economic risks, such as the strength of the job market, employment stability and the strength of the housing market. Since most loans are secured by a primary or secondary residence, the borrower's continued employment is the greatest risk to repayment.

The Company offers a variety of loans to individuals for personal and household purposes. Consumer loans are generally considered to have greater risk than first or second mortgages on real estate because they may be unsecured, or, if they are secured, the value of the collateral may be difficult to assess and is more likely to decrease in value than real estate. Credit risk in this portfolio is controlled by conservative underwriting standards that consider debt-to-income levels and the creditworthiness of the borrower and, if secured, collateral values.

The Company employs an eight (8) grade risk rating system related to the credit quality of commercial loans, loans to depository institutions, loans to state and political subdivisions and indirect lease financing of which the first four categories are pass categories (credits not adversely rated). The following is a description of the internal risk ratings and the likelihood of loss related to each risk rating.

1 - Excellent - no apparent risk

2 - Good - minimal risk

3 - Acceptable - average risk

4 - Watch List - greater than average risk

5 - Special Mention - potential weaknesses

6 - Substandard - well defined weaknesses

7 - Doubtful - full collection unlikely

8 - Loss - considered uncollectible

The Company maintains a loan review system, which allows for a periodic review of our loan portfolio and the early identification of potential problem loans. Each loan officer assigns a rating to all loans in the portfolio at the time the loan is originated. Loans with risk ratings of one through three are reviewed annually based on the borrower's fiscal year. Loans with risk ratings of four are reviewed every six to twelve months based on the dollar amount of the relationship with the borrower. Loans with risk ratings of five through eight are reviewed at least quarterly, and as often as monthly, at management's discretion. The Company also utilizes an outside loan review firm to review the portfolio on a semi-annual basis to provide the Board of Directors and senior management an independent review of the Bank's loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. These reviews are designed to recognize deteriorating credits in their earliest stages in an effort to reduce and control risk in the lending function as well as identifying potential shifts in the quality of the loan portfolio. The examinations by the outside loan review firm include the review of lending activities with respect to underwriting and processing new loans, monitoring the risk of existing loans and to provide timely follow-up and corrective action for loans showing signs of deterioration in quality. In addition, the outside firm reviews the methodology for the allowance for loan losses to determine compliance to policy and regulatory guidance.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company's internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2011	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	83,477	$	2,313	$	10,332	$	41	$	96,163
Construction		6,608		3,067		6,284		-		15,959
Secured by commercial real estate		152,637		9,323		33,402		451		195,813
Secured by residential real estate		39,657		1,220		4,193		-		45,070
State and political subdivisions		32,928		2,013		186		-		35,127
Loans to depository institutions		4,515		-		-		-		4,515
Indirect lease financing		11,548		-		380		-		11,928
	$	331,370	$	17,936	$	54,777	$	492	$	404,575

December 31, 2010	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	74,315	$	1,378	$	10,878	$	57	$	86,628
Construction		9,888		5,993		2,730		-		18,611
Secured by commercial real estate		154,697		6,537		37,942		698		199,874
Secured by residential real estate		39,823		1,038		3,583		-		44,444
State and political subdivisions		28,649		2,338		66		-		31,053
Indirect lease financing		12,460		-		535		-		12,995
	$	319,832	$	17,284	$	55,734	$	755	$	393,605

For retail loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the performance of the individual credits. The following tables present the recorded investment in the retail classes of the loan portfolio based on payment activity as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2011	Performing		Non- performing		Total
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages	$	25,003	$	515	$	25,518
Home equity loans and lines		57,211		368		57,579
Consumer		2,308		-		2,308
	$	84,522	$	883	$	85,405

December 31, 2010	Performing		Non- performing		Total
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages	$	22,694	$	433	$	23,127
Home equity loans and lines		62,581		145		62,726
Consumer		2,751		-		2,751
	$	88,026	$	578	$	88,604

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2011	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		>90 days past due		Total past due loans		Current		Total loans receivable
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	113		-		-	$	113	$	96,050	$	96,163
Construction		1,436		-		-		1,436		14,523		15,959
Secured by commercial real estate		1,857	$	1,699	$	1,017		4,573		191,240		195,813
Secured by residential real estate		778		70		395		1,243		43,827		45,070
State and political subdivisions		50		-		44		94		35,033		35,127
Loans to depository institutions		-		-		-		-		4,515		4,515
Indirect lease financing		353		146		123		622		11,306		11,928
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		200		166		-		366		25,152		25,518
Home equity loans and lines		158		66		190		414		57,165		57,579
Consumer		14		-		-		14		2,294		2,308
	$	4,959	$	2,147	$	1,769	$	8,875	$	481,105	$	489,980

December 31, 2010	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		>90 days past due		Total past due loans		Current		Total loans receivable
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	228	$	66	$	197	$	491	$	86,137	$	86,628
Construction		39		-		1,334		1,373		17,238		18,611
Secured by commercial real estate		527		4,517		3,257		8,301		191,573		199,874
Secured by residential real estate		857		125		54		1,036		43,408		44,444
State and political subdivisions		-		8		9		17		31,036		31,053
Indirect lease financing		495		244		72		811		12,184		12,995
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		668		-		433		1,101		22,026		23,127
Home equity loans and lines		220		203		29		452		62,274		62,726
Consumer		32		-		-		32		2,719		2,751
	$	3,066	$	5,163	$	5,385	$	13,614	$	468,595	$	482,209

The following tables disclose the recorded investment in loans receivable that are either on non-accrual status or past due more than 90 days and still accruing interest as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2011	>90 days past due (still accruing)		Non-accrual
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial		-	$	5,410
Construction		-		3,474
Secured by commercial real estate	$	286		7,547
Secured by residential real estate		-		1,158
State and political subdivisions		40		4
Loans to depository institutions		-		-
Indirect lease financing		54		121
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages				515
Home equity loans and lines		-		368
Consumer		-		-
	$	380	$	18,597

December 31, 2010	>90 days past due (still accruing)		Non-accrual
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial		-	$	1,082
Construction		-		1,334
Secured by commercial real estate	$	259		3,837
Secured by residential real estate		-		97
State and political subdivisions		9		-
Indirect lease financing		-		255
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		-		433
Home equity loans and lines		-		145
Consumer		-		-
	$	268	$	7,183

Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2011	Balance, beginning of period		Provision for (credit to) loan losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance, end of period
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,136	$	1,533		$	(732	)	$	22	$	2,959
Construction		633		557			(634	)		-		556
Secured by commercial real estate		3,875		177			(941	)		13		3,124
Secured by residential real estate		676		124			(54	)		-		746
State and political subdivisions		108		87			-			-		195
Loans to depository institutions		-		20			-			-		20
Indirect lease financing		496		(182	)		(43	)		41		312
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		212		37			-			-		249
Home equity loans and lines		646		52			(77	)		4		625
Consumer		32		1			(26	)		13		20
Unallocated		141		294			N/A			N/A		435
	$	8,955	$	2,700		$	(2,507	)	$	93	$	9,241

Year ended December 31, 2010	Balance, beginning of period		Provision for (credit to) loan losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance, end of period
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,601	$	1,090		$	(568	)	$	13	$	2,136
Construction		382		251			-			-		633
Secured by commercial real estate		2,038		2,115			(278	)		-		3,875
Secured by residential real estate		549		240			(113	)		-		676
State and political subdivisions		125		(17	)		-			-		108
Indirect lease financing		673		(141	)		(254	)		218		496
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		153		59			-			-		212
Home equity loans and lines		420		286			(60	)		-		646
Consumer		61		(9	)		(54	)		34		32
Unallocated		215		(74	)		N/A			N/A		141
	$	6,217	$	3,800		$	(1,327	)	$	265	$	8,955

As previously discussed, the Company maintains a loan review system, which includes a continuous review of the loan portfolio by internal and external parties to aid in the early identification of potential impaired loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial loans, loans to state and political subdivisions and indirect lease financing loans by using either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired, or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring.

An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair values of the majority of the Company's impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan's collateral.

For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower's financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable agings or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets.

From time to time, QNB may extend, restructure, or otherwise modify the terms of existing loans, on a case-by-case basis, to remain competitive and retain certain customers, as well as assist other customers that may be experiencing financial difficulties. A loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") loan when the Company grants a concession to the borrower because of the borrower's financial condition that it would not otherwise consider. Such concessions include the reduction of interest rates, forgiveness of principal or interest, or other modifications of interest rates to less than the current market rate for new obligations with similar risk. Loans classified as TDRs are considered non-performing and are also designated as impaired.

The concessions made for TDRs involve lowering the monthly payments on loans through periods of interest only payments, a reduction in interest rate below a market rate or an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these three methods. The restructurings rarely result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. TDR loans that are in compliance with their modified terms and that yield a market rate may be removed from the TDR status after a period of performance.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2011-02, QNB reassessed all loan restructurings that occurred on or after January 1, 2011 for potential identification as TDRs and has concluded that the adoption of ASU 2011-02 did not impact the number of TDRs identified, or the specific reserves for such loans included in our allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2011. Performing TDRs (not reported as non-accrual or past due 90 days or more and still accruing) totaled $2,413,000 and $2,421,000 as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. Non-performing TDRs totaled $2,437,000 and $1,838,000 as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. All TDRs are included in impaired loans.

The following table presents loans, by loan class, modified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2011. The pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investments disclosed in the table below, represent carrying amounts immediately prior to the modification of the loan and at December 31, 2011, respectively.

Year ended December 31, 2011	Number of contracts		Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial		1	$	29	$	26
Secured by commercial real estate		5		736		684
Secured by residential real estate		2		168		166
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		1		125		125
		9	$	1,058	$	1,001

The majority of the TDR concessions made during the year ended December 31, 2011 involved a period of interest only. The specific reserve for loan losses allocated to loans modified as TDRs at December 31, 2011 totaled $161,000. These specific reserves are included in the allowance for loan losses for loans individually evaluated for impairment. There were no charge-offs resulting from loans modified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2011.

The following table presents loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months from December 31, 2011, for which there was a payment default (past due 90 days or more and still accruing or on non-accrual) during the year ended December 31, 2011:

	Year ended December 31, 2011
TDRs Subsequently Defaulted	Number of contracts		Recorded investment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial		1	$	26
Secured by commercial real estate		2		441
Secured by residential real estate		2		166
		5	$	633

The following tables present the balance in the allowance of loan losses disaggregated on the basis of the Company's impairment method by class of loans receivable along with the balance of loans receivable by class, excluding unearned fees and costs, disaggregated on the basis of the Company's impairment methodology:

	Allowance for Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
December 31, 2011	Balance		Balance related to loans individually evaluated for impairment		Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Balance		Balance individually evaluated for impairment		Balance collectively evaluated for impairment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,959	$	1,444	$	1,515	$	96,163	$	8,088	$	88,075
Construction		556		65		491		15,959		4,663		11,296
Secured by commercial real estate		3,124		181		2,943		195,813		13,579		182,234
Secured by residential real estate		746		211		535		45,070		2,567		42,503
State and political subdivisions		195		2		193		35,127		4		35,123
Loans to depository institutions		20		-		20		4,515		-		4,515
Indirect lease financing		312		18		294		11,928		121		11,807
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		249		81		168		25,518		640		24,878
Home equity loans and lines		625		63		562		57,579		706		56,873
Consumer		20		-		20		2,308		-		2,308
Unallocated		435		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
	$	9,241	$	2,065	$	6,741	$	489,980	$	30,368	$	459,612

	Allowance for Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
December 31, 2010	Balance		Balance related to loans individually evaluated for impairment		Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Balance		Balance individually evaluated for impairment		Balance collectively evaluated for impairment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	2,136	$	878	$	1,258	$	86,628	$	4,710	$	81,918
Construction		633		370		263		18,611		2,650		15,961
Secured by commercial real estate		3,875		687		3,188		199,874		9,213		190,661
Secured by residential real estate		676		179		497		44,444		2,624		41,820
State and political subdivisions		108		-		108		31,053		-		31,053
Indirect lease financing		496		64		432		12,995		275		12,720
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		212		41		171		23,127		606		22,521
Home equity loans and lines		646		62		584		62,726		785		61,941
Consumer		32		-		32		2,751		-		2,751
Unallocated		141		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
	$	8,955	$	2,281	$	6,533	$	482,209	$	20,863	$	461,346

The following tables summarize additional information in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2011	Recorded investment (after charge- offs)		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
With no specific allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	4,923	$	5,580	$	-
Construction		4,016		4,047		-
Secured by commercial real estate		10,400		10,841		-
Secured by residential real estate		1,598		1,603		-
State and political subdivisions		-		-		-
Loans to depository institutions		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		47		71		-
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		352		384		-
Home equity loans and lines		486		492		-
Consumer		-		-		-
	$	21,822	$	23,018	$	-

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	3,165	$	3,231	$	1,444
Construction		647		654		65
Secured by commercial real estate		3,179		3,779		181
Secured by residential real estate		969		985		211
State and political subdivisions		4		5		2
Loans to depository institutions		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		74		84		18
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		288		293		81
Home equity loans and lines		220		224		63
Consumer		-		-		-
	$	8,546	$	9,255	$	2,065

Total:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	8,088	$	8,811	$	1,444	$	8,253	$	251
Construction		4,663		4,701		65		3,265		75
Secured by commercial real estate		13,579		14,620		181		13,466		501
Secured by residential real estate		2,567		2,588		211		1,976		80
State and political subdivisions		4		5		2		-		-
Loans to depository institutions		-		-		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		121		155		18		205		3
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		640		677		81		496		-
Home equity loans and lines		706		716		63		1,433		69
Consumer		-		-		-		-		-
	$	30,368	$	32,273	$	2,065	$	29,094	$	979

December 31, 2010	Recorded investment (after charge- offs)		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
With no specific allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	3,218	$	3,225	$	-
Construction		1,316		1,316		-
Secured by commercial real estate		5,495		5,497		-
Secured by residential real estate		1,558		1,558		-
State and political subdivisions		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		55		60		-
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		434		436		-
Home equity loans and lines		492		492		-
Consumer		-		-		-
	$	12,568	$	12,584	$	-

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,492	$	1,492	$	878
Construction		1,334		1,340		370
Secured by commercial real estate		3,718		3,821		687
Secured by residential real estate		1,066		1,066		179
State and political subdivisions		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		220		239		64
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		172		172		41
Home equity loans and lines		293		293		62
Consumer		-		-		-
	$	8,295	$	8,423	$	2,281

Total:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	4,710	$	4,717	$	878	$	1,306	$	12
Construction		2,650		2,656		370		1,817		1
Secured by commercial real estate		9,213		9,318		687		4,582		11
Secured by residential real estate		2,624		2,624		179		495		1
State and political subdivisions		-		-		-		-		-
Indirect lease financing		275		299		64		260		2
Retail:
1-4 family residential mortgages		606		608		41		126		-
Home equity loans and lines		785		785		62		152		-
Consumer		-		-		-		-		-
	$	20,863	$	21,007	$	2,281	$	8,738	$	27