Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

We consider new evidence (both positive and negative) at each reporting date that could affect our view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. We evaluate information such as historical financial results, historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and available prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in our analysis. Based on the available evidence, valuation allowances in certain U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions remain consistent as of March 31, 2025.

Our income tax expense (including discrete items) was $23 million and $18 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily as a result of worldwide tax rates on foreign earnings. In all periods, we recorded tax expense relative to pre-tax earnings in jurisdictions without valuation allowances.