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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
We consider new evidence (both positive and negative) at each reporting date that could affect our view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. Based upon the evaluation of all available evidence, and considering the projected U.S. pre-tax losses for 2021, we maintain a valuation allowance for certain of our U.S. operations as of March 31, 2021. We also maintain other valuation allowances for certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with cumulative losses.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were (50)%, and (3)%, respectively, and were determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate after considering any discrete items for such periods. Due to the aforementioned valuation allowance against certain of our U.S. net deferred tax assets, the effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 generally do not include the benefits of the U.S. tax losses. We recorded an overall tax expense in both periods due to pre-tax earnings in jurisdictions without valuation allowances. The change in effective tax rates relates primarily to the overall mix of income (loss) in our jurisdictions without valuation allowances and an unfavorable adjustment for the legacy U.K. Gaming reporting unit goodwill impairment of $54 million recorded in the first quarter of 2020, which was not deductible for tax purposes.
As discussed in Note 1, the COVID-19 disruptions significantly impacted certain segments of our business during 2020 and through the first quarter of 2021. We considered the COVID-19 disruptions in our ability to realize deferred tax assets in the future and determined that such conditions did not change our overall valuation allowance positions. Additionally, we continue to monitor and evaluate the tax implications resulting from any existing and forthcoming legislation passed in response to COVID-19 in the federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions where we have an income tax presence.